Eco tex in relation to world textile market

ECO-Tex in relation to world textile market

Khaled Ebrahim El-Nagar

National Institute of the ArtsTersa St., Haram, Giza , Egypt.

P.O. Box 136 Giza, Code No. 12211

What is Eco-friendly material?

• Dictionary: describes a product that has been designed to do the least possible damage to the environment

• US EPA – EPP program defines as:"...products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose..."

Properties of Eco-Friendly Materials

ECO-FRIENDLYMATERIALS

& TECHNIQUES

Renewable Source

Reuse of Waste product

Embodied Energy

Local Availability

Reduction in air, land and water pollution

Durability & Life span

Aids Energy Efficiency in buildings

Reuse/recycle

Biodegradable

What is Textile Processing..?

It has four basic process

PreparatoryDyeing

Printing

Finishing

Testing

Preparation•The ultimate goal of any preparation process is to produce fabric that is clean and rid of all impurities that interfere with dyeing and finishing.•Fabric preparation is the first of the wet processing steps

DesizingScouring

Bleaching

What Is “Dyeing?..…”

The pleasure derived from imparting colour to clothing has existed since the time of the earliest civilizations;

A world of fashion without colour is impossible to imagine. Coloration processes produce the most visible results of all the finishing operations carried out during the preparation of textile goods

What Is Printing….?

Textile printing is the most versatile and important of the methods used for introducing colour and design to textile fabrics.

Considered analytically it is a process of bringing together a design idea, one or more colorants, and a textile substrate (usually a fabric), using a technique for applying the colorants with some precision.

What is finishing…..?

This facilitates production of attractive ready-to-sell textiles intended to fulfil requirements for specific use.

This includes all processes which help to maintain the value or increase the value of the textile material.

Textile finishing therefore makes textile raw material usable by creating properties with a useful effect.

Recent Trends……?

•Ultrasonic Assisted Wet Processing

•Digital printing Technology

•Nano Technology

•Bio-Technology

•Plasma technology

Digital Printing • Digitalprinting,themostadvancedtechnologyintextileprintingisanemerging

newtechnique.

• Digitalprintinginsimpletermsistheprocessofcreatingprintsgeneratedanddesignedfromacomputer,asopposedtoanalogprinting,whichrequiresprintingscreens.

• Amongthevariousapproachesfordigitalprintingincludingelectrophotography,inkjethasgainedaverysignificantplaceinthefieldofinnovativeprintingtechniques.

The concept of Nanotech was first developed in 1930, that time it Is called as bottom science.ThetermNanoarisefrom1970‟sonly.

The term Nano ‟comes from a Greek word Nanos ‟which means Dwarf‟.Dwarf means abnormally small.1nm=10-9m

It is about 75000 to 100000 times smaller than the diameter of the human hair.

This technology that can work at the molecular level, atom by atom to create large structures with improved molecules organization by controlling shape and size at the Nano scale.

Nano Technology……

Application of Nano Technology in processing Nano

Nano dyeingNano finishing

Characteristics of Nano finished Textile materials

Their protective layer is difficult to detect with the naked eye.

Saving time and laundering.

This technology embraces environmental friendly properties.

The crease resistant feature keeps clothing neat.

Nano processed products are toxic free

Garments are good looking and more durable than ordinary material

Manufacturing cost is low, adding value to the products.

Enzymes

Enzymes come from a Greek word “Enzymos” which means

„in the cell‟ or „from the cell‟.

Enzymes are proteins, composed of amino acids, which are

produced by all living organisms. These are responsible for

number of reactions and biological activities.

Enzymes not only work efficiently and rapidly also

biodegradable.

Enzymatic Desizing

Desizing using enzymes is the most effective and widely

used method for the removal of Starch.

Starch liquefying enzymes are directly used in required

quantity under controlled condition of pH and temperature.

Amylase enzyme from Malt extract were first used to

degrade starch-based sizes for cheap and effective

desizing. Two categories of amylase

i.α-amylase

ii.β-amylase

Cotton scouring using alkaline which requires harsh chemicals and high temperature leads to high cost.

Bio-scouring is an effective alternative to chemical scouring.

Cottonase T enzyme is widely used for scouring which reduces the need for high energy consumption.

It is versatile, economically viable and eco-friendly to cotton scouring.

Bio-scouring

In bleaching, especially with hydrogen peroxide, the reactive dyes are very much sensitive to residual peroxide.

The residual peroxides are converted into water and Oxygen by using the enzymes which shows better results than traditional method.

Reaction takes place at 30-400 C and pH 5.5-7.5 for 15 min

Enzymes like Peroxidases, Glucose oxidases, etc are used.

Bleach Killing

This process is removal of surface dyes from fabrics.

Neutral stable cellulase enzyme is used for bio-washing.

This enzymes replaces the pumice stones .

It is produced from humicola isolans.

It is leading to decolourisation without loss in fabric strength.

This enzyme acts at pH of 6

Bio-washing

It is a finishing process of cellulosic fabrics and garments.

This process is improving surface of the material .

This process is also called enzymatic singeing .

Bio-polishing with acid cellulose effectively reduces fabric fuzz and pilling on denim materials.

Bio-polishing

Plasma Technology…?

Plasma is often called the "Fourth State of Matter," the other three being solid, liquid and gas.

A gas becomes a plasma when the addition of heat or other energycauses a significant number of atoms to release some or all of their electrons.

The remaining parts of those atoms are left with a positive charge, and the detached negative electrons are free to move about.

Those atoms and the resulting electrically charged gas are said to be "ionized." When enough atoms are ionized to significantly affect the electrical characteristics of the gas, it is a plasma.

Applications

The plasma modification of polymeric material susedas textiles, membranes, non-woven, composites, and soon, is able to optimize a lot of interesting properties.

Mechanical PropertiesElectrical PropertiesWetting (hydrophilic)Hydrophobic Uv-protectionFlame-retardancy

ConclusionThus the Ultrasonic, Digital Printing , Bio ,Nano & Plasma technology

replaces traditional method with more advantages such as:

Replacing harmful chemicals

Require less effluent treatments

Low cost and less energy consumption

No damages to materials

superior quality of the product

In feature , one can expect to see many more developments in textiles ,

based on above technology's