Eco House Project1

8/2/2019 Eco House Project1

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1Joung Hun Youm(H00112903)

ECO

HOUSE

DESIGN

PROJECT


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Emily Taylor (H00112903)

Contents

Section Page No .

The Brief 3

Site Analysis 4

Climate Analysis 12

Occupant Analysis 19

House Design 27

Eco Services Strategy 34

Carbon Accounting 45

Ecological Footprint 46

Appendix 34

References 46


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The BriefDesign Brief Statement

This project endeavours to create an affordable dwelling of 100m for a family of four consisting of 2

adults and 2 children in Elgin, in the Moray District of Scotland. The development must be resilient in

the face of global climate change, resource depletion and rising energy costs and should be future

proofed to at least 2050. Maximum use of the surrounding climate should be key to the design and a

transformation towards a sustainable lifestyle encouraged for its inhabitants.

Design Criteria

Climate Change Resilience

The dwelling must be adaptable for current and future weather conditions and an increase in the

occurrence of extreme weather events. Particular consideration must be given to flooding from the

nearby River Lossie. The thermal comfort of the inhabitants must also be taken into account for both

winter and summer extremities including the predicted rise in global surface mean temperature

brought about by climate change.

Resource Depletion

The design must incorporate all appropriate renewable energy generation technologies to allow for

the occupants to avoid the increasing likelihood of fuel poverty in an era of rising fuel and energy

costs. The choice of construction materials must also reflect the escalating scarcity of raw materials.

Materials should be sourced locally where possible and have a minimum amount of embodied energy

unless providing the dwelling with a reduction in energy use. They should also be recyclable, easily

maintainable and replaceable.

Eco-Services & Biodiversity

Buildings currently require access to services such as electricity, heating, ventilation and water. Our

dwelling must make use of the eco-services provided by the surrounding climate detailed in passivesolar, ventilation and water strategies. The proposed development must have a minimal impact on the

natural surroundings and where possible strengthen local biodiversity.

Sustainable Lifestyle & Innovative Approaches

The new dwelling should act as a beacon of sustainability and encourage a transformation to a more

sustainable lifestyle from its inhabitants and as a passive reflector to the surrounding community.

Lower consumption levels, reduced transport and carbon emissions must all be taken into account.

The design should avoid a bolt-on approach to sustainability and include methods that will be as

durable as the building in the face of an ever changing economic and environmental situation.


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Site AnalysisThe site of the proposed new dwelling is located in the Bishopmill area of Elgin, in the northern west

shoulder of the town. Elgin has a population of 20,929 (according to 2001 Census ) and is situated in

the Moray District in the North East of Scotland. Our site, 66 Duff Place, Longitude 57.4N Latitude

3.2W , sits on the northern bank of the River Lossie within the rivers flood plain. Currently the site sits

empty other than two timber storage sheds.

The topography of the site is uniformly flat at 25 metres above sea level. 1 km beyond the north-west

of the site the land rises fairly steeply to around 65 metres above sea level. As the site if flat and clear,

Figure 2.1 Google Earth Site Image


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no demolition or cutting and filling of land would be required for development, saving on cost and

construction time.

Density & Local Amenities

As shown in the Neighbourhood Building Use Analysis diagram ( Fig. 2.3 ) and Panoramic Site Image

(Fig 2.4 ) on the following pages, the surrounding area to the north, east of the site are residential witha mix of low and medium density housing and a large nursery school is located to the west. To the

south runs the River Lossie and its banks contain a high level of biodiversity. Several large old trees

run along the bank of the river along the south boundary.

The site has good access to local services (Fig. 2.2 ) within a 1500 metre radius, including schools,

leisure facilities, shopping and wider transport nodes (i.e. bus and train stations).

Figure 2.2 Local Amenities Radius Diagram


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Transport & Permeability

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The layout of the immediate local area is geared towards car use, with many interlocking road

networks. Pavements accompany many of these roads and pedestrian throughways are provided at

the nearby school and between some low density dwellings. There are also some larger scale hard

landscaping (i.e. car parks) which would currently direct any flood water towards the local sewage

system which could hasten the drainage network reaching full capacity during flood conditions.

Directly opposite the site lies a natural footpath which runs along the northern bank of the river and

provides direct access to local facilities such as the schools, leisure centre and supermarket. The

access provided by this pedestrian route could easily compete in terms of journey duration with car

travel. As shown already, Elgin is well supported by an efficient rail and bus networks and access to

the nearby A96 trunk road which provides a fast route to the nearby cities of Aberdeen and Inverness.

Green Spaces & Biodiversity As well as the semi-rich green space provided by the residential areas private gardens and nearby

school playing fields, a strong wildlife corridor runs along the banks of the River Lossie and is

adjacent to the site. Several deciduous healthy trees run along the southern boundary of the site

which could provide significant wind and solar shading in summer whilst still allowing precious direct

sunshine to penetrate the site during the winter months. The trees would also reduce the risk of

landslide on the site, particularly during flooding. It is assumed that the ground water levels on the site

are reasonably high therefore pile foundations would be required for any development.

Both transport networks and green spaces are indicated in the following two neighbourhood analysis

diagrams ( Figures 2.5 & 2.6 ).


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Flooding

The first record of flooding in Elgin was September 1755. There have been more than 20 recorded

flood events since 1755; 11 of these in the past 50 years - notably in 1997 and 2002. In July 1997,

over 1200 people were evacuated from over 400 homes, whilst flood damage in November 2002 is

estimated to have cost residents and businesses millions of pounds. During both the 1997 and 2002flood events, the A96 trunk road was closed for over 48 hours, whilst the Inverness to Aberdeen

railway line suffered considerable damage and was closed for several weeks. The losses due to the

1997 and 2002 floods are estimated to jointly exceed 100 million. The most recent flood was

September 2009. February 2011 saw the Moray Council begin a 86 million, 4-year flood alleviation

and mitigation scheme to hold back flood-water from the River Lossie. According to SEPAs river level

data the highest level on record was 3.745m in November 2002. As indicated in the site plan, any new

development would be situated on the edge of the rivers flood plain. The frequency of these floods will

only increase and therefore must be allowed for in the house design.

Figure 2.7 SEDA Flood Risk Map

(http://www.sepa.org.uk/flooding/flood_map.aspx ) overlaid 66 Duff Place, Elgin
http://www.sepa.org.uk/flooding/flood_map.aspxhttp://www.sepa.org.uk/flooding/flood_map.aspxhttp://www.sepa.org.uk/flooding/flood_map.aspxhttp://www.sepa.org.uk/flooding/flood_map.aspx


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Climate AnalysisTemperature & Comfort Level

Present Day

Elgin climate is temperate maritime, with cool summers and relatively mild winters due to its proximity

to the Moray Firth and North Sea. Mean temperature peaks in July at around 19C and drops to a

minimum mean temperature of -3.3C in December. These means are shown in the Nicol Graph for

2010 in the following page (Fig. 3.1). This indicates that even in the warmer summer months, heating

may be required to maintain the appropriate indoor thermal comfort temperature. It should also be

noted that we assumed a minimum comfort temperature of 19C. What is also evident is that this

heating could also be provided by daily solar radiation levels.

2050

When attempting to predict Elgins climate in 2050, we have assumed that the temperatures would be

approaching the equivalent of London in 2010. The resultant Nicol graph is shown in Figure 3.2 . It is

evident here that with substantial rising mean temperatures, particularly in summer, overheating must

be allowed for and cooling provided. The building however will still require significant heating during

winter months.

Solar Energy

The sun path diagram ( Fig. 3.3 ) taking into account the sites longitude and latitude indicates the

following: For the building to maximise its potential solar gain any site massing should be geared

towards an elongated shaped running for east to west which would in turn maximise any south facing

elevations. Thankfully this suits the shape of the site. In terms of roof design with particular

consideration given to the installation of PV or solar thermal panels any pitch should be angled to run

perpendicular to the summer azimuth ( Fig 3.4 ), in this case 33 . Special care must also be taken with

regards to overheating in summer on the south and west elevations especially when combined with

the predicted temperatures of 2050. Although some shading will be provided by the trees running

around the sites southern boundary, careful care must be taken with glazing design and shading

should be provided where appropriate.


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Figure 3.3 Sunpath Diagram (www.jaloxa.eu). For 57N & Total Monthly Sunshine Duration, Met Office Nairn Weather Station

Figure 3.1 Nicol Graph for Elgin 2010

Figure 3.2 Nicol Graph for Elgin 2050


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Sunrise(Time/Orientation)

Sunset(Time/Orientation) Approx.Daylight

(Hours)

SolarAltitude(Degrees)

WINTER 08.45am, SE 15.15pm, SW 6.5 10 SUMMER 03.00am, NE 21.00pm, NW 18 57

Figure 3.4 Solar Altitude & Time/Orientation Data 57N


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Wind

The prevailing wind in Elgin is from the southwest. As the northeast of Scotland is relatively close to

the track of Atlantic depressions, it is one of the windiest parts of the UK. The frequency and strength

of the prevailing winds is greatest in the winter half of the year, particularly from December to

February. Figure 3.5 highlights the variation in monthly mean speeds and highest gusts at Leuchars.

There have been several noteworthy gales affecting the northeast of Scotland, accompanied by

property damage and disruption to travel and power supplies. The penetration of westerly winds into

eastern Scotland is controlled to a large extent by topography, with the central lowlands assisting,

whilst the higher ground either side providing shelter. As Elgin is in the lee of the Grampian Mountains,

it experiences diminished south-westerly winds as air is deflected by the high ground from the

Cairngorm Mountain Range to the west.

Figure 3.5 Monthly Mean Wind Speed and Wind Rose Data


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Rain

Much of eastern Scotland is sheltered from the rain-bearing westerly winds by the Cairngorm

Mountains. The Moray Firth receives less than 700mm of rainfall in an average year, whilst the

exposed southern Grampians receives ove r 1500mm per annum. These values can be compared

with annual totals around 500mm in the driest parts of England. Overall, rainfall is generally well

distributed throughout the year. The frequency of Atlantic depressions is normally greatest during the

autumn and winter but, unlike other parts of the UK, Scotland tends to remain under their influence for

much of the summer too. The wettest months tend to be in autumn and early winter, whereas late

winter and spring is normally the driest part of the year.

Figure 3.6 shows the annual rainfall in the North-East of Scotland, peaking in September. Periods of

prolonged rainfall inevitably lead to widespread flooding, especially in winter and early spring whensoils are near saturation and snowmelt is a significant contributing factor, especially in this region.

Rainfalls of about 75mm in 48hours in November 2002 resulted in the River Lossie bursting its banks

and flooding Elgin, causing significant damage.

Snow & Air Frost

For snow to lie for any length of time, the temperature has to be below 4 C. Snowfall is usuallyconfined to the months from November to April, with upland areas frequently having falls in October

0

20

40

60

80

100

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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Rainfall (mm)

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Figure 3.6 Total Rainfall Data Levels, Met Office Nairn Weather Station


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0

5

10

15

20

25

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Days of Air Frost

Days of Air Frost

and May. On average, the number of days with snow falling is about 20 per winter along the coast,

with over 100 in the Grampians and Elgin area. This is echoed by the number of days with snow lying

being less than 10 along the coast but over 60 days within Grampian. The South-West of England has

less than 3 days of lying snow per year. Figure 3.7 shows the monthly averages of days with

sleet/snow falling and lying at Dyce. Snowmelt has a significant effect on the level of the River Lossiein Elgin, and plays a major role in the levels of soil saturation and therefore flood risk to the region.

Snowmelt often is a key contributor to flooding in the area, as the ground is frozen during winter and

therefore impermeable, forcing the snowmelt to run as surface water and ultimately flood the region.

Figure 3.7 Total Days of Snow & Total Days of Air Frost, Met Office Nairn Weather Station


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Occupant Analysis

Family & Space Planning Requirement

It is essential to build this eco-house in line with the lifestyles and activities that need to be housed.

Our family consists of a mother, a father and two children a boy and a girl. The children are aged 16

and 12 respectively, and both attend the local secondary school, Elgin Academy. The father is 45 and

is self-employed, running a local computing business in Elgin and mainly works from home. Space

should be allowed for a small hybrid vehicle for the fathers occasional business trips around the

region. The mother is 43 years old and works part-time in the local nursery, located opposite the site.

A sample of the daily activities of the family is shown in figure 4.1 on the following page.

The house requires 3 bedrooms one master, two for the children. There will be two bathrooms

within the house, one being an en-suite to the master bedroom and the second as the main bathroom

in the home. The father needs a flexible working space in which he can work from home comfortably.

This space could also double as a spare bedroom available for visitors. Due to mother and fathers

flexible working times, the family is able to spend a lot of time together in the evenings, thus requiring

a kitchen/dining area as well as a lounge. Furthermore, utility and storage space is needed particularly

with reference to any additional equipment associated with renewable technologies. Unheated

storage would also be beneficial for the storage of bicycles and gardening/workshop equipment. The

total heated internal floor area is to be kept to a maximum of 100m. This space to include the

following:

Lounge (including dining)

Kitchen (including dining)

Utility Room

Master Bedroom with en-suite

2 x Single Bedrooms Bathroom

Flexible Workspace / Guest Bedroom

Bicycle Store/Garden Equipment Store

Space for Services

Storage

Our design intends to elevate the dwelling significantly above the external ground level to reduce the

homes vulnerability to flooding and repair maintenance costs. This will have implications on future

adaptability should the house require wheelchair access for an elderly future occupant. Space should

therefore be allowed for the possible installation of a lift or hoist mechanism


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We have carried out a predicted load assessment for the dwelling allowing for the use of inefficient

and efficient equipment in summer and winter see figure 4.2 on the following page and our load

assessment tables in Appendix A. The purpose of this is to demonstrate the potential energy savings

available through the use of low energy white goods. The whole house dwelling load (fig 4.3) will also

be useful in determining the suitability of PV panels as a renewable energy source. As shown thepeak loads can be found in the kitchen by the inclusion and use of various equipment including:

cooker, kettle, dishwasher, fridge freezer, toaster and microwave. By replacing inefficient white goods

with low-energy A+ energy rated equipment a considerable saving can be made on demand. This

could also be effective in other rooms including lounge and bedrooms. The flexible office space would

also provide the house with an increased base load; however this demand could be met by any

daytime solar PV electricity generation.

Smart Metering & Energy Monitoring

All metering equipment would be new generation smart metering allowing inhabitants to monitor their

energy use and re-establish a link between the products they use and the energy involved in their

operation and encouraging a more energy conscious lifestyle. Our home would be equip with a real-

time user friendly portable interface which allows inhabitants to keep track of all utilities including

electricity, water and gas provided though any micro-renewable technologies including PV and heat

exchangers.


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Figure 4.4 Example of Real Time Energy Monitor www.ewgeco.com
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Figure 4.3 Whole Building Total Electricity Loads Summer & Winter


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June 19:00pm

December 10:00am

December 14:30pm

Housing Design Solar Shading Analysis & Lighting Strategy

By inputting the site longitude and latitude into the Google SketchUp drafting tool we were able to

produce an accurate indication of the shadows present on the site in the peak of both summer and

winter. We were also able to determine the impact on shading of the deciduous trees along the sites

southern boundary. The results can be viewed in figure 5.1 on the following pages. As shown there is

still a substantial amount of summer sunlight available free from shading from the southern aspect,

even with the nearby trees. This impact of the trees would lessen if the house is built upon a raised

elevation. The trees shading impact will be lessened in winters as they shed their leaves, allowing the

building to make maximum use of the low winter sunlight. Any sunlight available from this elevationcould also be stored in any internal elements with high thermal inertia. The western elevation would

be at risk of overheating due to exposure to sun. Careful consideration must be given to any glazing

and shading facing the west.

December 12:00pm

Figure 5.1 Solar Shading for 66 Duff Place, Elgin

June 12:00pm

June 8:00am


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By combining the familys daily activities with the sites sun path, we are able to determine the location

of each room in accordance with their time of use and subsequent lighting demand. We have

presented these requirements in a graphic form to demonstrate our strategy for the houses room

layout and how our design could utilise the maximum potential from natural lighting. This is shown in

Figure 5.2 below.

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Material & Resource Use

Waterproofness and Toxicity

Modern construction philosophy is based upon the idea of ensuring water never gets into the structure.

Although sound in principle, it is somewhat unrealistic to assume that water will never get in. Within abuildings fabric, the main source of moisture comes from the lifestyles of those within it breathing,

cooking, washing, etc. It is far more important to ensure that buildings are properly designed and

accurately detailed and that particular attention is paid to materials used to allow water to safely

escape from the building. Thus, the materials outlined here have been carefully chosen with this in

mind. All materials have been identified as having a low level of toxicity, both within construction and

within their lifetime. This ensures an environmentally safe building and the health of all occupants

within.

Lime Rendering Lime is the traditional binder that has been used for centuries to make mortars, plasters and renders.

It is a lime-based cementatious mix applied to external surfaces of traditionally-built stone buildings.

Lime putty mortars offer advantages over cement based mortars for the external rendering of

buildings, especially when decorated with a

breathable paint such as lime-wash. Their porosity

allows the structure to breathe, can accommodate

general movement better and their self-heating

nature reduces cracking problems. Lime putty

mortars gain added strength by carbonating over

many months with atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Whilst pure lime putty mortars are suitable inside or

for sheltered locations, its recommended that for

exposed elevations each coat of lime mortar has a

pozzolan added. These are burnt clays that react with the lime to give harder more frost resistant

renders and historically ranged from volcanic ash, crushed bricks and other forms of burnt clay. Lime-

based materials can create healthier living environments, is attractive, creates less waste and has a

proven durability.

Furthermore, lime based materials have a low embodied energy, much lower than the equivalent

cement-based mortar. In addition, it will reabsorb some of the CO 2 that was emitted during the

manufacturing process on setting. This idea of locking up CO2 within the structure of walls offers an

all-round positive result. The thicker the walls are, the more CO2 gets locked up and the better the

insulation levels and thermal mass of the building will be. Lime hemp walls offer excellent insulation

and thermal mass to achieve exceptional performance. Using hemp in this way will help to reduce the

demand for aggregates and offer new opportunities to farmers.

Timber Composite Walls

Figure 5.3 Spray application of Hemcrete Limetechnology.


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Construction for this development will predominantly be timber a renewable carbon neutral material.

Timber is organic, non-toxic and naturally renewable, and has the lowest CO 2 cost of any other

commercially available building material. It is highly insulated and airtight, thus reducing carbon

loading throughout its lifetime. Its environmental excellence has long held prime position for eco-

builders; every timber frame home built saves approximately 4 tonnes of CO 2. If all new homes built inthe UK since 1945 had been timber frame, more than 300 million tonnes of CO 2 would have been

saved. A standard timber frame achieves U-values between 0.30 and 0.27, offering significant carbon

savings in daily use.

Timer can be sourced locally from Moray Timber and John Gordon and Son, ensuring a low

transportation cost and feeding the local economy, and has an embodied energy of 10MJ/kg.

Modular Housing

Modular housing is sectional prefabricated housing consisting of multiple modules, which are built in aremote facility and then delivered to their intended site of use. The modules are factory produced, and

supply ready to use rooms up to a maximum size of 4.8mW x 12m L x 4m H. The individual sections

are pre-prepared and tested in factory conditions, connected to services and tested on site to make

up complete houses. They are extremely cost effective when compared to traditional means of

construction.

Scotland has a tradition of prefabricated timber kit housing but construction is still site-based with

consequent deficiencies in quality and performance. The inherent recyclability of modularized

construction means that at the end of their life the modules can be demounted and reused ascomplete units on another site.

There are a number of construction companies in Glasgow and Edinburgh which would build and

supply modular homes.

Rammed Earth construction

Rammed earth is a technique for building walls using the raw materials of earth, chalk, lime and

gravel. Earth was the principle material used in Scottish construction until the 18 th Century; it is an

ancient building method that has seen a revival in recent years as people seek more sustainablebuilding materials and natural building methods. Rammed earth is essentially moist sub-soil rammed

between shutters to form solid, monolithic walls. It can provide good thermal and acoustic insulation,

durability and has the ability to regulate internal air humidity and quality. Rammed earth walls are

simple to construct, non-combustible, thermally massive, strong and durable. It contributes to the

overall energy-efficiency of buildings, as the density, thickness and thermal conductivity of rammed

earth makes it a particularly suitable material for passive solar heating. Warmth takes almost 12hours

to work its way through a wall 35cm thick.


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The process involves compressing a damp mixture of earth

that has suitable proportions of sand, gravel and clay into

an extremely supported frame, creating either a solid wall

or individual blocks. Correctly built rammed earth walls can

withstand loads for thousands of years, as many still-standing ancient structures around the world attest. As

rammed-earth structures are locally available materials,

they have an extremely low embodied energy (0.45MJ/kg)

and generate very little waste. The soils are typically sub-

soils low in clay (between 5%-15%), and the topsoil being

retained for agricultural use. Where soil excavated in preparing the buildings foundation can be used,

the cost and energy consumption for transportation are minimal.

Due to the nature of this material, it needs a water-free environment to set and cannot withstandprolonged periods exposed to water. Thus, it would not be suitable for the piled foundations of this

development, as there is a constant risk of flooding. The piled foundations therefore will have to be

concrete, to withstand high volumes of water in the event of flooding. Rammed earth is better suited

to be used as internal thermal mass to act as a thermal store within the external building envelope.

Sheeps Wool Insulation

Sheep wool is a natural, sustainable, renewable,

theoretically recyclable material and totallybiodegradable that does not endanger the health of

people or the environment. It provides optimum

performance in terms of sustainability, thermal

performance, breathability and moisture control. It

also has the ability to recover after compression. It

can be cut to shape with a blade, contains no

irritating fibres, helps to reduce condensation by

absorbing and releasing moisture and is easy and

safe to install. It is readily available from most localhardware shops, as well as from the surrounding grazing-farms. The embodied energy of Sheep Wool

Insulation is 15kWh m-3 (54MJ m-3), which is less than half of that of cellulose insulation and one

sixth of that of mineral wool.

Timber Double Glazing

Timber double-glazing is a form of insulated glazing, whereby double glass window panes are

separated by air (or other gas) filled space to reduce heat transfer across a part of the building

envelope, as well as offering noise mitigation. The insulating efficiency of timber double-glazing is

determined by the thickness of the space containing the gas of vacuum. Too little space between the

Figure 5.4 Rammed-earth solid, monolithic walls.

Figure 5.5 Sheeps wool insulation.


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panes can result in conductive heat loss between the panes; while too wide a gap results in

convection current losses. Vacuum Insulted Glass (VIG) or evacuated glazing can be used to

dramatically reduce heat loss due to convection and conduction. The U-value of this is 0.35 Km 2 /W.

As timber is being used, longevity of the windows is guaranteed. Timber framed single-glazed

windows have the lowest embodied energy, whilst double-glazed units have a short energy payback usually about one year. There are a number of firms within Elgin who supply timber-double glazing.

Local Materials

Elgin is well supported with the availability of local materials. Local manufacturers can provide stone

and rock, granite, sub-bases, granular fill, topsoil, limestone, sky marble and decorative stone from

Leiths Ltd, based in Aberdeen and Forres. Quarries in Moray provide limestone, chalk slate and stone.

Timber could be provided from Moray Timber and John Gordon and Son. Utilising these local

materials would dramatically reduce transport costs.

In particular, this development would make use of local slate, from the New Forres Quarry. Slate is a

fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type

sedimentary rock. Using this grey slate for the roof of this design would allow the building to blend in

with its surroundings. Slate is particularly suitable as a roofing material as it has an extremely low

water absorption index of less than 0.4%, and this low tendency to absorb water also makes it very

resistant to frost damage and breakage due to freezing. Slate has an embodied energy of 0.1-1MJ/kg.

Building Envelope

Cold Bridging

Cold bridges can be one of the most awkward design issues of a building. Through our design and

material strategy, we have minimized the use of materials which are highly thermally conductive, for

example metal or solid masonry. Any detailing associated with the construction of the building would

ensure that any breaks in insulation would be at a minimum, particularly around areas vulnerable to

cold bridging such as corners of walls and junctions to floors and ceilings. Windows would also be set

back from the external leaf of the wall and materials with high thermal performance would be used at

lintel and cill positions and window and door jams.

Cavity insulation can considerably improve the thermal performance of a wall, as well as a high level

of airtightness to prevent any cold air getting in but not so airtight that mechanical ventilation is

required (i.e. passive housing standards). In this instance, rammed earth will offer a level of thermal

and acoustic insulation that will counteract cold bridging and offer a high level of durability.

U-Values & Airtightness


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Although we considered integrating Passivhaus standards into our design, we were deterred by the

requirement to include mechanical ventilation (with heat recovery) to provide the necessary air flow

within the building. However we have used Passivhaus as a basis for our U-values and air infliltration

rate, as shown in the Figure 5.6 below:

2007 Standards 2010 Standards PassivHaus Standards Proposed Elgin Ecohouse

Wall U-Value (W/mK) 0.30 0.25 0.15 0.15

Roof U-Value (W/mK) 0.20 0.18 0.15 0.15

Ground Floor U-Value (W/mK) 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.15

Windows U-Value (W/mK) 2.20 1.80 0.80 0.70

Air Tightness/Infiltration(m/hour/m @ 50Pa 10.00 10.00 1.00 0.50

Figure 5.6 Predicted U-values, Air Tightness and Insulation Buildup


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Eco Services Strategy

Heating, Cooling & Natural Ventilation Strategy

Water to Water Heat Pump

As our site is located near the banks of the River Lossie, and on a flood plain with high ground water

levels we believe it would be practical to harness the surrounding environment for heating through the

use of a Water to Water Heat pump. As water is a fair better conductor than earth, a water to water

heat pump has a co-efficiency of performance factor of 5. This means that for one unit of energy

required in the running of the necessary equipment associated with the heat pump, 5 times an

amount of energy is produced. This would involve using a carefully sized open loop system based

upon the anticipated total heat loss from the building. Collector pipes would loop from the house to the

nearby river, returning to a heat exchanger situated within the building. From there the newly heated

water would provide warmth to under-floor heating circuits and to a separate circuit for domestic hot

water requirement. This is demonstrated in Figure 6.1 below. The risk of freezing the river would be

minimal as the water source is a flowing river and not a static water body such as a pond. Local

environmental authorities must also give their approval before any installation can take place. In

extreme situations this circuit can also be used as a cooling mechanism, where the under-floor

heaters become under-floor cooling.

Figure 6.1 Water to Water Heat Exchanger Diagram


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Thermal Mass

Appropriate use of thermal mass within our building will regulate and balance the thermal fluctuations

present in the building. By designing a central core which is exposed to the south facing sun through

external glazing we provide a mass capable of storing daytime heat gains, simultaneously providing

cooling to nearby areas through convection. In the evening when heating requirements our centralcore mass gradually releases the heat built up during the day, providing warming to our inhabitants.

One major disadvantage of typical thermal mass construction is their use of high embodied energy

materials such as concrete. Here we have overcome this problem by specifying the use of rammed

earth see materials section for details.

Natural Ventilation Strategy

Although our home will be built to an airtightness factor of our rooms will be high enough to allow

warmed polluted air to rise above the occupied zone. Our plan width is well below the maximum

allowed for natural ventilation (i.e. 5 times the floor to ceiling height). In this instance a strategy such

as passive stack ventilation would be excessive. With our design, single sided, single opening

ventilation is effective (a depth of about two times the floor to ceiling height). Window openings and

trickle vent would be carefully designed to avoid excessive drafts in winter while providing summer

cooling requirements.

Water Use Strategy

Storm Water

By installing a rain water harvesting system, we will reduce consumption on the site for activities such

as plant watering, car washing and services which require non-potable water such as flushing of

toilets. We will also reduce our impact on the local storm water removal network of particular

significance in Elgin. Any excess rainwater will be fed into the natural surroundings and ground water

through the use of appropriately designed SUDS (Sustainable Urban Drainage System) such as

soakaways.

Waste Water

Our investigation did consider some form of on-site treatment such as reed ponds for the site.However due to the size of the development and the ability to connect into Elgins sewage system, it

was decided that a standard method of waste water disposal should be implemented. Reed ponds

treatment works are better scaled to larger development or communities and have considerable land

take and embodied energy. As mentioned previously, all appliances using water will be water efficient

(eco-showerheads and dual flush toilets) and grey water will be used where appropriate to reduce

water consumption.

Power Strategy - Photovoltaics (PV)


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Photovoltaic is a method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into direct current

electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic power generation

employs solar panels composed of a number of solar cells containing photovoltaic material. Driven by

advances in technology and increases in manufacturing scale and sophistication, the cost of PVs has

declined steadily since the first solar cells were manufactured. Net metering and financial incentives,such as preferential feed-in-tariffs for solar-generated electricity, have supported solar PV installations

all over the world. In terms of environmental impact, a typical home solar photovoltaic system could

save a tonne of CO 2 per year.

In our design, the roof area available is approximately 50m 2, and the angle should be perpendicular to

the sun at its peak angle during summer, which is 57. The roof pitch should therefore be around 33

to achieve a maximum 45 angle. Approximately 80% of the energy will be used on site. The total

energy generated by PV panel will be around 140W (peak) capacity per square metre, or alternatively

1kW per 7m2

of roof area. Therefore the total possible generation for our roof would reach 7.2kWh atpeak solar output. The total annual electricity produced by our roof would be 5560kWh. This figure is

in comparison to the total load of our house as 5292kWh. Therefore we will produce a surplus of

268kWh per year. This corresponds to a module efficiency of around 14% which is approximately right

for typical crystalline PV panels. Some polycrystalline panels may take up a bit more space while

some of the best monocrystalline panels may need as little as 6m per 1kW rated capacity.

It is important to note that solar electricity is greatly reduced in cloudy conditions, requiring alternative

sources of power. While many buildings with photovoltaic arrays are tied into the power grid, which

absorbs any excess electricity generated throughout the day and provides electricity in the evening,such systems use a grid tie inverter to convert direct current (DC), alternating current (AC) incurring

an energy loss of 4%-12%. Off-grid systems use either storage batteries, which also incur significant

energy losses and require regular maintenance or engine-generators, which consume costly fuel.


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Total Electricity Generated 5560kWhunits used directly 50% of 5560 kWh = 2780 kWhunits sold to the grid 50% of 5560 kWh = 2780 kWh

FiT Generation Tariff 37.8p/kWh for 5560 kWh = 2,102Export Income 3.1p/kWh for 2780 kWh = 86Electricity Savings 13p/kWh for 2,780 kWh = 361Total annual income & savings 2,549

Payback Time 9 YearsProfit over 25 years 40,725Rate of Return 7.10%

Energy required to produce your PV panels 12,500 kWhEnergy payback time 2.2 yearsCO2 emissions avoided per year 2,530 kg/yearReduction in one person's averagetotal carbon footprint 28%

Solar PV Calculation - Provided by CAT

Income Generated per year

Investment Value

Environmental Impact

Electricity Produced Per Year

Roof Area 50 m 2

Capacity 7.2 kW(p)Cost 23,000

Final Design - Plans

Figure 6.2 Monthly PV Potential Data & Visualisation.


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Final Design - Elevations


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N or t h W

e s t E l ev a t i on

3 D V i s u al i s a t i on


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S o u t h E a s t E l ev a t i on

3 D V i s u al i s a t i on


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Carbon AccountingCarbon accounting, or carbon footprint, measures the total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly

by a person, household, organization, event or product. The footprint considers all six of the Kyoto

Protocol greenhouse gases: Carbon Dioxide (CO 2), Methane (CH 4), Nitrous Oxide (N 2O),

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF 6). A carbon

footprint is measured in tonnes of Carbon Dioxide equivalent (tCO 2e). The CO 2e allows the different

greenhouse gases to be compared on a like-for-like basis relative to one unit of CO 2. CO 2e is

calculated by multiplying the emissions of each of the six greenhouse gases by its 100-year global

warming potential (GWP). The carbon footprint of an average new-build 2-bed cottage without using

renewable sources is 80tCO 2e (The Guardian, 2010).

As explained in our power strategy section, the energy load of 66 Duff place is 5560kWh/year and the

PV potential generation would be 5292kWh, providing a surplus of 268kWh per year. As there is m

gas on site, we are solely using electricity.

We multiply this surplus by the electrical conversion factor of 0.54 (i.e. 268 x 0.54)

Therefore, our carbon footprint is -144.72kg CO 2e (0.14tCO 2e)

This figure will change when including car and air travel, lifestyle choices (meat, vegetarian etc) and

public transport usage. The carbon footprint stated above is for our Eco-House.


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Ecological Footprint for a 4-person Average Home

Ecological FootprintPursuing a high quality of life necessarily entails irreparable damage to the environment. It is thereforenecessary to minimize environmental impacts by calculating the ecological footprint of the built

environment. The key benefits of the footprint are that it provides an aggregated indicator of

environmental impact; it is easily communicated and readily understood; and it allows for sustainability

benchmarking. An average home for 4 would have an estimated carbon footprint of 10.7 tonnes of

CO 2 with an ecological footprint of 5.6 global hectares. Our eco house has an estimated carbon

footprint of 4.0 tonnes of CO 2 and an ecological footprint of 2.7 global hectares. See Figure 7.1 below

and on the following page for more information.

Ecological Footprint for 66 Duff Place

Figure 7.1 Ecological Footprint Data for 66 Duff Place.


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Inefficient house -

Efficient house -


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Appendix

Load Tables - Lounge

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0

L i g h t i n g ( B u l b x 2 )

1 2 0

6 0

1 2 0

1 2 0

1 2 0

1 2 0

T e l e v i s i o n

3 3 0

6 0

3 3 0

3 3 0

3 3 0

3 3 0

D V D P l a y e r

1 2 0

6 0

1 2 0

1 2 0

G a m e s C o n s o l e

2 2 0

3 0

1 1 0

1 1 0

C D P l a y e r

2 0 0

1 0

3 3

L a m p

2 5

6 0

2 5

2 5

2 5

2 5

T O T A L E L E C .D

A I L Y C O N S U M P T I O N ( W )

T o t a l s

1 0 1 5

2 8 0

0

0

1 2 0

0

0

0

0

3 3 0

0

0

1 4 3

4 4 0

1 2 0

4 5 0

4 7 5

1 4 5

1 4 5

2 5

0

0

0

0

0

0

2 3 9 3

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0


1 6

6 0

1 6

1 6

1 6

1 6

T e l e v i s i o n

7 5

6 0

7 5

7 5

7 5

7 5

D V D P l a y e r

1 0 0

6 0

1 0 0

1 0 0


1 7 5

3 0

8 8

8 8

C D P l a y e r

1 0 0

1 0

1 7

L a m p

1 0

6 0

1 0

1 0

1 0

1 0



T o t a l s

4 7 6

2 8 0

0

0

1 6

0

0

0

0

7 5

0

0

1 0 4

1 6 3

1 6

9 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 0

1 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

7 9 6

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0


1 2 0

6 0

1 2 0

1 2 0

1 2 0

1 2 0

1 2 0

1 2 0

T e l e v i s i o n

3 3 0

6 0

3 3 0

3 3 0

3 3 0

3 3 0

D V D P l a y e r

1 2 0

6 0

1 2 0

1 2 0


2 2 0

3 0

1 1 0

1 1 0

C D P l a y e r

2 0 0

1 0

3 3

L a m p

2 5

6 0

2 5

2 5

2 5

2 5

2 5



T o t a l s

1 0 1 5

2 8 0

0

1 2 0

1 2 0

0

0

0

0

3 3 0

0

0

1 4 3

5 6 0

1 2 0

4 7 5

4 7 5

1 4 5

1 4 5

2 5

0

0

0

0

0

0

2 6 5 8

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0


1 6

6 0

1 6

1 6

1 6

1 6

1 6

1 6

T e l e v i s i o n

7 5

6 0

7 5

7 5

7 5

7 5

D V D P l a y e r

1 0 0

6 0

1 0 0

1 0 0


1 7 5

3 0

8 8

8 8

C D P l a y e r

1 0 0

1 0

1 7

L a m p

1 0

6 0

1 0

1 0

1 0

1 0

1 0



T o t a l s

4 7 6

2 8 0

0

1 6

1 6

0

0

0

0

7 5

0

0

1 0 4

1 7 9

1 6

1 0 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 0

1 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

8 3 8

I N T E R - E F F I C I E N

T

V I N G R O O M

M ME R - I N E F F I C I E N

T

M ME R - E F F I C I E N

T

I N T E R - I N E F F I C I E N

T


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S U M ME R - I NE F F I C I E N

T

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0

L i g h t i n g ( b u l b x 1 )

6 0

6 0

6 0

6 0

6 0

D i s h w a s h e r

1 2 0 0

2 0

4 0 0

K e t t l e

2 4 0 0

5

2 0 0

2 0 0

2 0 0

T o a s t e r

1 2 0 0

1 0

2 0 0

M i c r o w a v e

1 0 0 0

1 0

1 6 7

1 6 7

W a s h i n g M a c h i n e

5 0 0

6 0

5 0 0

I r o n

1 0 0 0

3 0

5 0 0

H o o v e r

8 0 0

2 5

3 3 3

3 3

P o w e r T o o l s

4 0 0

5

S m o k e A l a r m

9

6 0

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

R e f r i d g e r a t o r / F r e ez e r

2 5 0 0

1 0

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7 T O T A L E L E C

.D A I L Y C O N S U M P T I O N ( W )

T o t a l s

1 1 0 6 9

2 9 5

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

1 0 2 2 4

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0


8

6 0

8

8

8

D i s h w a s h e r

1 0 0 0

2 0

3 3 3

K e t t l e

2 2 0 0

5

1 8 3

1 8 3

1 8 3

T o a s t e r

8 0 0

1 0

1 3 3

M i c r o w a v e

7 5 0

1 0

1 2 5

1 2 5


3 0 0

6 0

3 0 0

I r o n

7 0 0

3 0

3 5 0

H o o v e r

5 0 0

2 5

2 0 8

2 9

P o w e r T o o l s

3 5 0

5

S m o k e A l a r m

9

6 0

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9


1 5 0 0

1 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0 T O T A L E L E C


T o t a l s

8 1 1 7

2 9 5

2 5 9

2 5 9

5 8 4

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

5 6 7

4 6 7

6 0 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

3 9 2

2 9 6

1 0 7 6

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

8 3 9 4

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0


1 8 0

6 0

1 8 0

1 8 0

1 8 0

1 8 0

1 8 0

D i s h w a s h e r

1 2 0 0

2 0

4 0 0

K e t t l e

2 4 0 0

5

2 0 0

2 0 0

2 0 0

2 0 0

T o a s t e r

1 2 0 0

1 0

2 0 0

M i c r o w a v e

1 0 0 0

1 0

1 6 7

1 6 7


5 0 0

6 0

5 0 0

I r o n

1 0 0 0

3 0

5 0 0

H o o v e r

8 0 0

2 5

3 3 3

3 3

P o w e r T o o l s

4 0 0

5


2 5 0 0

1 0

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

4 1 7

S m o k e A l a r m

9

6 0

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9 T O T A L E L E C


T o t a l s

1 1 1 8 9

2 9 5

4 2 6

6 0 6

1 0 0 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

7 9 3

7 5 9

9 2 6

4 2 6

6 0 6

7 7 3

6 3 9

1 5 2 6

4 2 6

6 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

4 2 6

1 4 2 2 4

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0


2 4

6 0

2 4

2 4

2 4

2 4

D i s h w a s h e r

1 0 0 0

2 0

3 3 3

K e t t l e

2 2 0 0

5

1 8 3

1 8 3

1 8 3

1 8 3

T o a s t e r

8 0 0

1 0

1 3 3

M i c r o w a v e

7 5 0

1 0

1 2 5

1 2 5


3 0 0

6 0

3 0 0

I r o n

7 0 0

3 0

3 5 0

H o o v e r

5 0 0

2 5

2 0 8

2 9

P o w e r T o o l s

3 5 0

5

S m o k e A l a r m

9

6 0

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9


1 5 0 0

1 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0

2 5 0 T O T A L E L E C


T o t a l s

8 1 3 3

2 9 5

2 5 9

2 5 9

6 0 0

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

5 6 7

4 6 7

6 0 9

2 5 9

2 8 3

4 0 8

3 1 2

1 0 7 6

2 5 9

4 4 2

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

2 5 9

8 6 4 9

I T C H E N

S U M ME R -E F F I C I E N

T

W I N T E R - I NE F F I C I E N

T

W I N T E R -E F F I C I E N T

Load Tables Kitchen & Utility


47/51


L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0


6 0

6 0

6 0

C o m p u t e r

1 0 0

6 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

P r i n t e r

4 0

2 0

1 3

1 3

S t u d y L a m p

1 2

6 0

1 2

1 2

I n t e r n e t C o n n e c t i o n

7 8

6 0

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

T o t a l

2 9 0

2 6 0

0

0

1 7 8

1 7 8

1 7 8

1 9 1

1 7 8

1 7 8

1 7 8

1 7 8

1 7 8

1 9 0

2 5 1

9 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2 1 4 6

S U M ME R -E

F F I C I E N T

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0


8

6 0

8

C o m p u t e r

8 8

6 0

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

P r i n t e r

3 5

2 0

1 2

1 2

S t u d y L a m p

9

6 0

9

9


7 8

6 0

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

T o t a l

2 1 8

2 6 0

0

0

1 6 6

1 6 6

1 6 6

1 7 8

1 6 6

1 6 6

1 6 6

1 6 6

1 6 6

1 7 5

1 8 6

8 7

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1 9 5 4

W I N T E R - I NE F F I C I E N

T

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0


6 0

6 0

6 0

6 0

C o m p u t e r

1 0 0

6 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

P r i n t e r

4 0

2 0

1 3

1 3

S t u d y L a m p

1 2

6 0

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2


7 8

6 0

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

T o t a l

2 9 0

2 6 0

0

1 2

2 5 0

1 9 0

1 7 8

1 9 1

1 7 8

1 7 8

1 7 8

1 7 8

1 9 0

1 9 0

2 6 3

9 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2 2 6 6

W I N T E R -E F

F I C I E N T

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0


8

6 0

8

8

C o m p u t e r

8 8

6 0

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8

P r i n t e r

3 5

2 0

1 2

1 2

S t u d y L a m p

9

6 0

9

9

9

9

9

9

9


7 8

6 0

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

7 8

T o t a l

2 1 8

2 6 0

0

9

1 8 3

1 7 5

1 6 6

1 7 8

1 6 6

1 6 6

1 6 6

1 6 6

1 7 5

1 7 5

1 9 5

8 7

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2 0 0 7

T O T A L E L E C .D A I L Y C O N S U M P T I O N ( W )

T O T A L E L E C


T O T A L E L E C


T O T A L E L E C


F F I C E

S U M ME R - I

NE F F I C I E N T

Load Tables Office


48/51


Load Tables Bathroom & En Suite

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0

H a i r d r y e r

1 5 0 0

4 0

1 0 0 0

E l e c t r i c S h o w

4 0 0

1 0

6 7

T o t a l

1 9 0 0

5 0

0

6 7

1 0 0 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1 0 6 7

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0

H a i r d r y e r

8 0 0

4 0

5 3 3

T o t a l

8 0 0

4 0

0

0

5 3 3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5 3 3

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0

H a i r d r y e r

1 5 0 0

4 0

1 0 0 0

E l e c t r i c S h o w

4 0 0

2 0

1 3 3

T o t a l

1 9 0 0

6 0

0

1 3 3

1 0 0 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1 1 3 3

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0

H a i r d r y e r

8 0 0

4 0

5 3 3

T o t a l

8 0 0

4 0

0

0

5 3 3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5 3 3

B A T H R O O M

S U M ME R - I NE F

F I C I E N T

S U M ME R -E F F I C

I E N T

W I N T E R - I NE F F

I C I E N T

W I N T E R -E F F I C I E N T

T O T A L E L E

C .D A I L Y C O N S U M P T I O N ( W )

T O T A L E L E


T O T A L E L E


T O T A L E L E


L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0

H a i r d r y e r

1 5 0 0

4 0

1 0 0 0

E l e c t r i c S h o w e r

4 0 0

1 0

6 7


A I L Y C O N S U M

P T I O N ( W )

T o t a l

1 9 0 0

5 0

0

6 7

1 0 0 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1 0 6 7

L o a d T y p e

W a t t s

M i n / H r

0 6 : 0 0

0 7 : 0 0

0 8 : 0 0

0 9 : 0 0

1 0 : 0 0

1 1 : 0 0

1 2 : 0 0

1 3 : 0 0

1 4 : 0 0

1 5 : 0 0

1 6 : 0 0

1 7 : 0 0

1 8 : 0 0

1 9 : 0 0

2 0 : 0 0

2 1 : 0 0

2 2 : 0 0

2 3 : 0 0

0 0 : 0 0

0 1 : 0 0

0 2 : 0 0

0 3 : 0 0

0 4 : 0 0

0 5 : 0 0

H a i r d r y e r

8 0 0

4 0

5 3 3


A I L Y C O N S U M

P T I O N ( W )

T o t a l

8 0 0

4 0

0

0

5 3 3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5 3 3

L o a d T y p e

Eco House Project1

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