Eco-friendly Concrete Tanmay Shah Parshwa Shah Hariyali Pujara Faculty Advisor : Apurva Dave dit Deendayal Petroleum University, dhinagar
Eco-friendly Concrete
Tanmay ShahParshwa ShahHariyali Pujara
Faculty Advisor : Apurva Dave
Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar
Geopolymer Concrete
Introduction
Major Industries
Thermal Power Plants
Iron andsteel sector
Indian cement industry
Pollution Sources
Thermal power plants
• TPP are the 1st largest user of coal in country as 70% of total electricity produced by TPP.
• TPP use 40% ash content coal call lignite and generates huge amount of FA as by-product.
Iron and steel sector
The 2nd largest coal user industry
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)
By-
prod
uct
Indian cement industry
130 large cement plants
300 mini
cement
plants.
The 3rd largest user of
coal+
282.79 million tonnes (FY07–
16)
407 million tonnes (FY17)
2 tonnes of raw materials (shale and limestone)
3 kg of Nitrogen
Oxide (Nox)
0.87 tonne
of CO2
Indian cement industry
WHERE TO DISPOSE and HOW TO
OVERCOME ?
GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
An innovative material that is characterized by long chains networks of inorganic molecules—is a potential alternative to conventional portland cement concrete.
Coarse Aggregate
Fine Aggregate Admixturs Geopolymer
Cement GPCCwater+ + +
(fly ash-based geopolymer paste)Geopolymer cement
CONSTITUENTS OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Coarse Aggregate•Coarse aggregates used in case of cement concrete can be used in case of Geopolymer concrete (GPC)
Fine Aggregate•In place of sand we can also use bottom ash which can be a replacement of sand. Up to a level of 20% replacement of sand gives a good compressive strength
Admixtures•Naphthalene based super plasticizer•Lignin based first generation plasticizer.•High range water reducing naphthalene based super plasticizer, naphthalene sulphonate based super plasticizer etc. was also use.
WHAT IS GEOPOLYMERS?
• geopolymers is aluminosilicate based polymer
• Polymer = long chains or networks of inorganic molecules
+Geopolymer
cementPolymerization
Alkaline liquids (Waste water from
Chemical Refineries NaOH,
KOH, Na2O3Si, K₂SiO₃ )
( geopolymer binder)
Alumina silicate Calcined clays,Kaolinitic clays ,Volcanic rocks,Mine tailing,Industrial by-products like(fly ash, silica fume, slag, rice-husk ash, red mud)
Geopolymer chemistry
Thermally activated natural materials (e.g., kaolinite clay) or industrial by-products (e.g., fly ash or slag) to provide a source of silicon (Si) and aluminium (Al), which is dissolved in an alkaline activating solution and subsequently polymerizes into molecular chains and networks to create the hardened binder material like CEMENT.
GEOPOLYMER CATEGORIES
Slag based geopolymer
Fly ash based geopolymer
Ferro- sialate based
geopolymer
alkali-activated fly ash geopolymer
slag/fly ash-based geopolymer cement
Rock-based geopolymer cement
GEOPOLYMER CATEGORIES
Slag based geopolymer
Metakaolin MK-750
Blast furnace
slag
Aalkali silicate+ +
Rock-based geopolymer
cement
Metakaolin MK-750
Alkali silicate
mine tailingsvolcanic tuffs
Blast furnace slag++
GEOPOLYMER CATEGORIES
Fly ash based geopolymer
slag/fly ash-based geopolymer
Alkali-activated fly ash
NaOH FA( alumino-silicate gel Si:Al=
1-2)
FA(alumino-silicate
gelSi:Al= 2)
silicate solution
blast furnace
slag
60-8
0°C
(Ca,K)-poly(sialate-siloxo)
+ + +
chabazite-Na and sodalite
25-3
0°C
GEOPOLYMER CATEGORIES
Ferro - sialate based geopolymer
high iron oxide content poly
(ferrosialate) (Ca,K)-(-Fe-O)-(Si-O-Al-O-)
GEOPOLYMER CATEGORIES
Comparison Between CPCC And GPCC
Conventional Cement Concrete
Geopolymer Cement Concrete
Curing And Strength 28 days of period required for curing and strength gained
It cure more rapidly & gain most of their strength within
24 hours.
Setting Period Sets rapidly so add retards while transporting
Set slowly delivered in a concrete mixer. enough that it mixed at a batch plant and
Reaction With Fine And course Aggregates
Form a strong chemical bond with all kind of rock-based aggregates
Same as CPCC
Comparison Between CCC And GPCC
Conventional Cement Concrete
Geopolymer Cement Concrete
Hardening through calcium- silicate-hydrations (CSHs)
polycondensation of silica and alumina and water is for workability only
Advantages Of GPCC
High compressive and tensile strength 20% more than OPCC
Very Low Creep And Shrinkage
Resistant To Heat And Cold (Spalling at 2200° F and resistant to freezing because of very small pores.)
Very strong chemical resistance to Acids, toxic waste and salt water (Corrosion free cement concrete)
The ductility factor of GPCC beams could be marginally less than CC beams indicating higher stiffness of GPCC beams
• 5CaCO3 + 2SiO2 → (3CaO,SiO2)(2CaO,SiO2) + 5CO2
Reduces the emission of CO2 during the production of OPC
Availability• the British company banah UK (www.banahuk.co.uk)
sells its banah-Cem™ as geopolymer cement. • The Australian company Zeobond (www.zeobond.com)
markets its E-crete™ as geopolymer concrete.
• One North American geopolymer application is a blended Portland geopolymer cement known as Pyrament® (patented in 1984),
APPLICATIONS OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Concrete Pipes
Structural Elements
Pavements Retaining Wall
APPLICATIONS OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Pyrament®
the U.S. military
Pavements designed for vertical take off and landing aircraft
The U.S. military is using geopolymer pavement coatings designed to resist the heat generated by vertical take off and landing aircraft (Hambling 2009).
The Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey
EXISTING APPLICATION
Queensland’s University GCI building with 3 suspended floors made from structural geopolymer concrete
recast slag/fly ash-based geopolymer concrete floor parts
More than 30,000 cubic metres of the world’s lowest
carbon, cement-free geopolymer concrete
save more than 6,600 tonnes of carbon emissions
in the construction of the airport
.
The greenest airport in the world Wellcamp airport
Future Scope of GPCC
Transportation infrastructure
Construction Offshore applications.
Future Scope of GPCC
There are no standards for application of geopolymer concrete and no rules or guidelines for structures made from GPCC.
Numerous geopolymer systems have been proposed and many of them are patented.
By developing standards and research of GPCC technology in practical applications such as precast concrete products and waste encapsulation
Problems And Solution
LET’S GO GREEN