Eco-compensation in China after 2009

Eco-compensation in China after 2009

靳乐山 Jin Leshan中国农业大学人文与发展学院China Agricultural University

Policy and legislation

11th Five-year Plan (2006-2010):

“Accelerate establishment of eco-compensation mechanism”

2009: leadership transferred to NDRC

2009: 1st PES conference in Ningxia (with ADB)

1st PES Conference in Ningxia 2009

• April 2010:

Launch the Eco-compensation Regulation process. Led by NDRC

• October 2010:

Launch Grassland Eco-compensation

from 2011, CNY13.6 billion in 8 provinces

• October 2010:

2nd PES Conference (with ADB) in Sichuan

• February 2011:

ADB TA-7699 Study on Eco-compensation Legislation

• March 2011:

ADB TA-7217 Technical Guideline for Eco-compensation in River Basins

• November 2011:

3rd PES Conference (with ADB) in Jiangxi

3rd PES Conference in Jiangxi 2011

法律 Law

2008 年修订， 2008 年 6 月 1 日起实施的《水污染防治法》：

Water Pollution Prevention Law (amended 2008)

“ 第七条　国家通过财政转移支付等方式，建立健全对位于饮用水水源保护区区域和江河、湖泊、水库上游地区的水环境生态保护补偿机制。” The state sets up water eco-compensation mechanism, with public financial transfer, to protect the drinking water source areas and headwater of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.

法律 Law

•  《水土保持法》（ 2010-12-25 修订， 2011-3-1起施行）

Water and Soil Conservation Law (amended 2010)• “ 第三十一条 国家加强江河源头区、饮用水水

源保护区和水源涵养区水土流失的预防和治理工作，多渠道筹集资金，将水土保持生态效益补偿纳入国家建立的生态效益补偿制度。” Compensation for eco-benefits of water and soil conservation will be part of state eco-compensation mechanism.

12th Five-year Plan （ 2011-2015）

• 第 25 章第 3 节：建立生态补偿机制“ 按照谁开发谁保护、谁受益谁补偿的原则，

加快建立生态补偿机制。加大对重点生态功能区的均衡性转移支付力度，研究设立国家生态补偿专项资金。推行资源型企业可持续发展准备金制度。鼓励、引导和探索实施下游地区对上游地区、开发地区对保护地区、生态受益地区对生态保护地区的生态补偿。积极探索市场化生态补偿机制。加快制定实施生态补偿条例。”

Eco-compensation Regulation

• NDRC, MOF play the leading role.

• Areas:

- prohibited, restricted areas;

- Forestland; - Grassland

- Wetland; - Watershed;

- Marine; - Wildland;

- Mining-land

• Wetland eco-compensation:

Compensate those who protect or suffer loss from protection of:

- Ramsar Wetland;

- National important wetland;

- Wetland nature reserve;

- Wetland park.

• Government Eco-compensation

• Market Eco-compensation

• Other types

• Government Eco-compensation

- Public financial transfer to those restricted…

- National Eco-compensation Fund

- Provincial Eco-compensation Fund

• Market Eco-compensation

“Encourage the market-based eco-compensation” with policy tools of finance, tax, accounting etc.

- Business deal;

- Emission trading;

- Water rights trading;

- Carbon market;

- Eco-labeling;

- etc.

• Other types of eco-compensation:

(horizontal transfer)

- Local government to another local government

- Downstream to upstream;

- Developed areas to ecologically protected area

- Marine developer to those who suffer loss;

Wetland eco-compensation

• Barriers:

- Definition

- Policy conflicts

- Regulations

Developed vs. developing regions

incentive-based tools vs. regulatory tools

biodiversity offset, wetland banking

Valuation work

• A literature review of landscape amenity valuation

• Wetland valuation:

-Duan Xiaonan et al. 2005. Evaluation of Wetland Ecosystem Services in Wuliangsuhai. Resources Science, 27(2):110-115

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谢 谢 ！靳乐山： [email protected], 010-

62732649, 中国农业大学人文与发展学院 1368 3646 112