ECM:
Appendix B - List of Potential Energy Conservation Measures
(ECMs)
Use this list to help you target energy conservation measures
that you will assist you in reaching your energy reduction
goals.
Energy Saving Opportunities Checklist
Behavioral Modification – Required
Y
N
Already
Completed
See Agency Energy Conservation Checklist. This checklist must be
completed by Energy Management Teams for each building. Energy
Management team members should be included on Page 1 of the State
Agency Energy Plan. Please describe your efforts, activities,
and/or programs to reduce your building portfolio’s energy
consumption under #7 - Projects of the State Agency Energy
Plan.
Recommissioning & Building Tune-up
(Assistance from Facility Managers recommended)
Y
N
Already
Completed
See Facility Operations Energy Conservation Checklist. This
checklist must be completed by Facility Managers for each
building.
Training of facility operations personnel in the efficient
operation of mechanical equipment and systems. Please provide a
list of facility managers to the MEA Program Manager to coordinate
training opportunities.
Reduce run time of major HVAC equipment: Schedule through Energy
Management Control Systems (EMCS) the proper equipment operating
parameters for occupied periods. Controllers, through a PID
algorithm, can optimize the start time for major HVAC equipment to
allow for the building to be within the comfort parameters by the
desired occupied time.
Reduce Outside Air During Unoccupied Mode: Outside air dampers
will be programmed closed during all hours unoccupied in the
building schedule.
Demand Controlled Ventilation: Provide CO2 sensors as part of
the EMCS to monitor the level of CO2 in relation to the outdoor
level of CO2. This provides as accurate measurement of occupancy in
the Zone and the outdoor air dampers can be modulated to maintain
adequate ventilation air.
Enthalpy Economizer: Actively monitor outdoor air dry bulb and
wet bulb temperatures and compare to return-air dry bulb and wet
bulb temperatures to draw the air with the least enthalpy.
Condenser Water Reset: After investigation with the chiller
manufacturer to determine if the water-cooled chiller can operate
with low condenser water temperature, this ECM will lower the
entering condenser water temperature to allow the chiller to
operate more efficiently.
Chilled Water Reset: Based on the outdoor temperature, raise the
chilled water temperature to more closely match the load on the
building.
Hot Water Reset: Based on the outdoor temperature, lower the HW
supply temperature to more closely match the load in the
building.
Supply Air Temperature Reset: Based on the outdoor temperature,
raise the air handler supply air temperature to prevent over
cooling and reduce the cooling coil load.
Reset Hot/Cold Deck Temperatures: Based on outdoor temperatures
of design conditions, the hot and /or cold deck temperatures can be
lowered and raised, respectively to more closely match the zone
loads.
Eliminate Simultaneous Heating and Cooling: Through the control
system, provide lockout measures for the heating and cooling
systems to prevent them from operating together.
Variable-Air –Volume Tracking: Provide calibrated damper
positioning feedback for control of VAV systems.
HVAC Re-commissioning: Replace, repair or modify HVAC components
in order to bring the system performance to its design intent.
Opportunities are often identified as part of the evaluation or
installation of another ECM.
Coil Cleaning: Inspecting all air-handler coils and removing any
scale on the coils.
Chiller Sequencing: In plants where there are multiple chillers,
modify the sequence of operation to optimize the performance while
minimizing energy costs.
Optimize Chilled Water and Condenser Water Temperatures: Raise
the leaving chilled water temperature and low entering condenser
water temperature to optimize the performance of the plant while
meeting the load of the building.
Proper Pump Sizing: Provide new pumps or trim impellers to
properly size the pumps for the flow requirements.
Boiler Combustion Efficiency Improvements: Properly tuned
burners will yield energy savings and optimize combustion in many
boiler applications. Replacing linkage systems with new,
electronically controlled systems will improve and help main
combustion efficiency in fuel switching applications.
Steam Trap Maintenance: Implement a regular steam trap
inspection and maintenance program.
Water-side Economizer: A plate and frame heat exchanger is
installed to utilize condenser water for cooling in low ambient
temperatures. The cooling tower can sufficiently cool water to be
used for cooling through a heat exchanger so mechanical cooling is
not required.
Pipe Insulation: Insulate all pipe runs, valves and fittings to
reduce heat loss/gain in hot water, chilled water, and steam
distribution systems
Other ECMs:
__________________________________________________________________
Lighting
Y
N
Already
Completed
New HID (Metal Halide) Technology: Reduced energy metal halide
lamps and ballasts; Pulse-start metal halide; Electronic dimmable
metal halide.
New Fluorescent Technology: Install new T8, T5, compact
fluorescents (CFLs), specular aluminum reflectors, and electronic
ballasts
Lighting Reconfiguration: Make Changes Physical Layout of
Lighting System.
Other Lighting Technologies: Install Induction Lighting, LEDs,
Fiber Optics, Dimmable Fluorescents and HID.
Traffic Lights/Signals: Replace traffic lights and signals with
new energy efficient LED lights and signals.
Daylighting: Install Windows, Skylights, De-lamping, Day
lighting Controls for Lights/Blinds.
Daylight harvesting with dimming ballasts: Provide dimming
ballasts at the building perimeter with ambient light sensors to
automatically dim the lights when there is adequate lighting from
another source.
Skylights: Install skylights for day lighting.
Other ECMs:
__________________________________________________________________
HVAC – Heating and Cooling Equipment
Y
N
Already
Completed
Packaged Equipment Replacement with High Efficiency Units:
Replace older direct expansion (DX) package equipment with higher
efficiency new units.
Convert CAV Air Handling System to VAV: Install variable speed
fan control and pressure sensor in supply duct system. Calculate
zone loads and properly size VAV terminal devices to satisfy zone
loads and ventilation air
Convert Dual Duct Air Handling System to VAV: Provide normally
closed damper operation for the hot duct to use for warm-up mode
and mixing during periods of low cooling requirements. Install
Variable speed fan control and pressure senor in cold duct system.
Calculate zone loads and properly size VAV terminal devices to
satisfy zone loads and ventilation air requirements.
Reduce Outside Air through Increased Filtration: Provide high
efficiency filters and or gaseous filters to allow more air to be
re-circulated rather than dilution ventilation.
Convert Multi-Zone Air Handling System to VAV: Provide normally
closed damper operation for the hot duct to use for warm-up mode
and mixing during periods of low cooling requirements. Install
Variable speed fan control and pressure senor in cold duct system.
Calculate zone loads and properly size VAV terminal devices to
satisfy zone loads and ventilation air requirements.
Re-zone HVAC system: Reconfigure the ductwork to new zone
configuration.
Chiller Replacement: Replace an inefficient chiller with a more
efficient chiller.
Cooling Tower Replacement: Replace old cooling towers with new
inducted draft cooling towers.
Retrofit Chiller for Environmentally Friendly Refrigerant:
Chillers that currently use R-11 and R-12 refrigerant can be
retrofitted to operate using R123 or R-134a refrigerants.
Re-size Chiller Plant: Through energy awareness, other energy
conservation measures, or building renovations, the existing
chiller plant may be oversized. Load calculations will be performed
to validate sizing and chillers can be modified or replaced to
reduce electricity demand.
Provide Smaller Chiller for Off-peak Loads: Some buildings have
areas that require cooling when the rest of the building does not.
If these off peak loads are low enough, the plant may be operating
at greatly reduced efficiency. A smaller chiller, with greater part
load efficiency, can be installed to satisfy the low load
conditions and allow the larger equipment to be shut down.
Provide Smaller Chiller for Off-peak Loads: Some buildings have
areas that require cooling when the rest of the building does not.
If these off peak loads are low enough, the plant may be operating
at greatly reduced efficiency. A smaller chiller, with greater part
load efficiency, can be installed to satisfy the low load
conditions and allow the larger equipment to be shut down.
Provide Other Sources of Cooling to Shut Down Chiller Plant:
Some buildings have areas that require cooling when the rest of the
building does not. Separate cooling systems can be installed to
allow the large central plant to be shut down.
De-centralization of Inefficient Steam Systems: Aging steam and
condensate lines in a central steam plant may yield an opportunity
to and improve efficiency at the end user for space heating,
domestic hot water production and even process use through the
elimination of an inefficient distribution system.
Boiler Replacement: New boilers offer improved efficiencies and
better controls to optimize operations in steam and hot water
systems.
Boiler Stack Economizers: Extract heat from the products of
combustion to pre-heat make-up, return water, or condensate to the
system.
Baffle Inserts: Utilize baffle inserts to slow down the flow of
the hot gases through the boiler. The longer residence time permits
the extraction of more heat to the water.
Blow-down Heat Recovery: Extract heat from the boiler blow-down
to pre-heat boiler feed-water.
Install a Summer Boiler: Add a smaller boiler to serve summer
time loads.
Natural Gas Rate Switch: Modifications of the burners to use oil
in addition to natural gas, which allows a switch to a lower cost
interruptible rate.
Other ECMs:
__________________________________________________________________
Mechanical/Motors/Fans
Y
N
Already
Completed
Energy-Efficient Motors: Replace old, inefficient motors with
more energy efficient motors.
Motor Variable Speed Drives: Where applicable, install variable
frequency drives to control motor speed.
Variable Speed Chiller Control: Add a variable frequency drive
to the centrifugal compressor motor to modulate the capacity and
disable the inlet guide vanes.
Variable Speed Cooling Tower Fans: Provide variable frequency
drives for the cooling tower fans. Control based on the desired
leaving water temperature from the cooling tower.
Compressed Air System Optimization: Replace compressors, add
receivers to reduce cycling, and repair leaks to increase overall
system efficiency.
Air–side Economizer: Provide outside air intake and damper with
controls to bring in up to 100% outside air for cooling when the
ambient temperature and humidity is adequate for cooling.
Variable Flow Pumping (CW or HW): Two-way valves replace 3-way
valves at the air handler chilled and/or hot water coils. The
chilled and/or hot water pumps are then provided with Variable
Frequency Drives (VFDs) to modulate the water flow based on a
pressure sensor in the piping.
Low Leakage Dampers: Retrofit outside air, return air and relief
air dampers with low leakage dampers to minimize blow-by and more
precisely control the amount of outdoor air introduced.
Other ECMs:
_________________________________________________________________
Building Envelope
Y
N
Already
Completed
Window Replacement: Replace single pane inefficient windows with
new double or triple glazed thermally insulated frame windows.
Potentially reduce the total window area through the use of
insulated panels.
Window External Shading: Install awnings to shade the window on
the South and sometimes the East and/or West sides of the building
to reduce the cooling requirements due to solar gain.
Window Internal Coverings: Install polystyrene insulated panels
on the interior window surfaces to reduce total window exposure
without affecting the exterior appearance of the building.
Roof Insulation: Provide rigid roof insulation as part of a
re-roofing capital project.
Window Tinting: Install internal reflective window tinting film
to reduce the solar gain through the glass.
Install Vestibule: Install an entrance vestibule to create an
“air-lock” and prevent excess infiltration of outdoor air.
Other ECMs:
__________________________________________________________________
Load Reduction
Y
N
Already
Completed
Vending Misers: Vending and snack Misers consist of an occupancy
sensor and a plug in devices that operate a vending machine based
on occupancy in the general vicinity of the machine.
Energy Star Equipment: Provide more energy efficient equipment
such as copiers, fax machines, and refrigerators.
Computer Network Management Software: Provide software that
offers network level control over the PC power management
settings.
Front-load Clothes Washers: Replace top loading clothes washers
with front loading type.
Energy Efficient Transformers: Replace old electric transformers
with new dry type energy efficient transformers.
Replace Kitchen equipment: Replace inefficient cooking and
dishwashing equipment with more efficient equipment.
Other ECMs:
__________________________________________________________________
Renewable Energy/Demand Response
Y
N
Already
Completed
Cogeneration: Install a combustion turbine or internal
combustion engine that uses the exhaust heat to produce steam or
hot water. This is but one example of a cogeneration ECM as this
ECM can take a variety of forms.
Emergency Generation and Peak Shaving: Provide natural gas or
diesel-fueled emergency generators and interconnect with automatic
transfer switching to run a dedicated load for peak shaving.
Back-pressure Turbine: Install a back pressure turbine to
replace a steam PRV station to produce electricity.
Sub-metering: Provide electric meters at individual
buildings.
Solar Domestic Water or Pool Heating: Install solar water
heating panels on the roof or other suitable area and pipe into the
domestic or pool heating system.
Fuel Cell: Install a fuel cell system to generate electricity
and heat with the only reaction product of water.
Wind Energy: Install a wind turbine to generate electricity
without producing any harmful emissions.
Photovoltaic Array: Install Photovoltaic (PV) solar electric
panels to produce electricity without generating any greenhouse
emissions.
Bio Energy Harvesting: Landfill gas is harvested and piped to
fire boilers directly or to run an engine driven electric
generator.
Ground-source (Geothermal) Heat Pumps: Install geothermal water
source heat pump units and either a closed ground loop heat
exchanger or open loop wells.
Other ECMs:
__________________________________________________________________
Water Conservation
Y
N
Already
Completed
New Toilets and Flush Valves: Standard toilets can have flush
rating of up to 7 gallons per flush. Installing new china and new
flush valves capable of low flow can reduce water consumption
significantly. New low flow components can flush toilets with as
little as 1.5 gallons per flush. Although it is typically advocated
to perform a complete china and flush valve upgrade, there may be
some cases where a new valve is all that is needed.
New Urinals and/or Flush Valves: Replace existing urinals with
new low flow components.
Faucet Aerator: Install aerators to reduce flow through sink
faucets.
New faucets – Manual or Automatic: Install new faucets to reduce
water flow in sinks.
Low-flow Shower Heads: Install low flow shower heads.
Sensor Flush Valves: Install automatic flush valves on urinals
and toilets.
Eliminate Domestic Water for process Cooling: Covert water
cooled systems to air cooled systems.
Cooling Tower Filtration: Provide a cooling tower water filter
to reduce blow down.
Sub-meter Cooling Tower Makeup Water or Irrigation Water:
Provide a sub-meter for the cooling tower make-up water or
irrigation water to obtain a sewage credit from the waste water
treatment authority.
Well Water makeup for cooling towers and boilers: Drill wells to
supply water for cooling tower make-up or boiler make-up water.
Waterless Urinals: Install waterless urinals in place of
conventional urinals that use flush valve technology.
Rainwater collection: Provide a rainwater collection and storage
system.
Other ECMs:
__________________________________________________________________
***Required***
***Required***
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