ECEN5553 Telecom Systems Dr. George ScheetsWeek #5 Read [7c] "How can the Internet have too many routes and not enough addresses?" [8a] "The Cognitive.

ECEN5553 Telecom SystemsDr. George Scheets Week #5

Read[7c] "How can the Internet have too many routes and not enough

addresses?"[8a] "The Cognitive Net is Coming"[8b] "The Internet of Things"[9a] "Browse at your Own Risk"[9b] "The Data Brokers: Selling Your Personal Information"[10a] "Internet QoS: Pieces of the Puzzle"[10b] "Innovation on the Web Lives and Dies with Net Neutrality"Exam #1 Lecture 16, 24 September (Live)

No later than 1 October (Remote DL)Outline 8 October 2014, Lecture 22 (Live)

No later than 15 October (Remote DL)

ECEN5553 Telecom SystemsDr. George Scheets Week #5

Read[7c] "How can the Internet have too many routes and not enough

addresses?"[8a] "The Cognitive Net is Coming"[8b] "The Internet of Things"[9a] "Browse at your Own Risk"[9b] "The Data Brokers: Selling Your Personal Information"[10a] "Internet QoS: Pieces of the Puzzle"[10b] "Innovation on the Web Lives and Dies with Net Neutrality"Exam #1 Lecture 16, 24 September (Live)

No later than 1 October (Remote DL)Outline 8 October 2014, Lecture 22 (Live)

No later than 15 October (Remote DL)

OutlinesReceived

due 8 October (local)

15 October (remote)

OutlinesReceived

due 8 October (local)

15 October (remote)

22 %

Exam #1 (90 points)Exam #1 (90 points) Friday, 24 September (Local)Friday, 24 September (Local)

Remote Distant Learners, no later than 1 OctoberRemote Distant Learners, no later than 1 October Work 3 of 4 pagesWork 3 of 4 pages Closed Book & NotesClosed Book & Notes Calculators & phones are NOT allowedCalculators & phones are NOT allowed

...Set up numerical problem for full credit...Set up numerical problem for full credit Most equations are provided (on 5th page)Most equations are provided (on 5th page) Approximately 40% of upcoming exam will be lifted from the Approximately 40% of upcoming exam will be lifted from the

Fall 2013 Exam #1Fall 2013 Exam #1 AnythingAnything in the notes, on Power Point, or in reading in the notes, on Power Point, or in reading

assignments is fair gameassignments is fair game

On Short Answer or Essay QuestionsOn Short Answer or Essay Questions Answer the Question!Answer the Question! Memory Dump Memory Dump in the space providedin the space provided

Knowledgeable individual can write moreKnowledgeable individual can write more Grader will look for "Power Point bullets"Grader will look for "Power Point bullets" Same remarks as instructor's typically Same remarks as instructor's typically notnot required required

To get "A" or "B", To get "A" or "B", instructor needs to walk away with impression instructor needs to walk away with impression you could've said moreyou could've said more Got space? Anything else pertinent to add?Got space? Anything else pertinent to add? It is NOT necessary to write small or fill up allotted space to get a good It is NOT necessary to write small or fill up allotted space to get a good

score!score! Lost points? No comments? → Insufficient info providedLost points? No comments? → Insufficient info provided Rule of Thumb: "X" point question needs Rule of Thumb: "X" point question needs >> "X" facts "X" facts

The InternetThe Internet VASTVAST collection of interconnected collection of interconnected

networks networks Key Building Block:Key Building Block:

Routers running IP (Layer 3)Routers running IP (Layer 3) Router link speeds range up to 100 GbpsRouter link speeds range up to 100 Gbps Hierarchical Alpha-Numeric NamesHierarchical Alpha-Numeric Names

[email protected]@machine.institution.domain

AT&T 1997 Internet BackboneAT&T 1997 Internet Backbone

UUNET 1998 Internet BackboneUUNET 1998 Internet Backbone

Wash

ington

D.C

. Area - 2000

Wash

ington

D.C

. Area - 2000

OSU 2009 Internet ConnectivityOSU 2009 Internet Connectivity

Traceroute to WWW.CISCO.COMTraceroute to WWW.CISCO.COM

4 Internal OSU-Stillwater routers 4 Internal OSU-Stillwater routers 3 OneNet routers (all in OKC? Tulsa?)3 OneNet routers (all in OKC? Tulsa?) 2 Qwest routers2 Qwest routers

daldal-edge-18.inet.qwest.net-edge-18.inet.qwest.net 2 NTT routers2 NTT routers

ae-19.r08. ae-19.r08.dllstxdllstx09.us.bb.gin.ntt.net 09.us.bb.gin.ntt.net Akamai Technologies (Hosting Service)Akamai Technologies (Hosting Service) (12:55 pm, 11Sept14, rtt = 9 msec, 11 routers)(12:55 pm, 11Sept14, rtt = 9 msec, 11 routers)

Traceroute to WWW.TULSA.COMTraceroute to WWW.TULSA.COM 4 Internal OSU-Stillwater routers 4 Internal OSU-Stillwater routers 3 OneNet routers (Tulsa?)3 OneNet routers (Tulsa?) 5 Cogent Communications routers5 Cogent Communications routers

te4-4.1052.ccr01.te4-4.1052.ccr01.tultul01.atlas.cogentco.com01.atlas.cogentco.com be2128.ccr21.be2128.ccr21.denden01.atlas.cogentco.com01.atlas.cogentco.com be2126.ccr21.be2126.ccr21.slcslc01.atlas.cogentco.com01.atlas.cogentco.com

2 Ace Data Center routers (Hosting Service)2 Ace Data Center routers (Hosting Service) ve15.ar05.ve15.ar05.provprov.acedc.net.acedc.net

End server (198.57.177.235) probably in End server (198.57.177.235) probably in Provo, Utah areaProvo, Utah area

(1:20 pm, 11Sept14, rtt = 60 msec, 14 routers)(1:20 pm, 11Sept14, rtt = 60 msec, 14 routers)

ISP Routes Sometimes RoundaboutISP Routes Sometimes Roundabout

Launched 13 September 2014, 2 miles from OSU campus 1 Scheets' home router 4 AT&T routers

adsl-70-233-159-254.dsl.okcyok.sbcglobal.net ggr3.dlstx.ip.att.net

4 Cogent Communications routers Be2032.ccr22.dfw01.atlat.cogentco.com te0-0-2-1.rcr12.okc01.atlas.cogentco.com

3 ONENET routers OKC?

3 Oklahoma State routers3 Oklahoma State routers (12:30 pm, 11Sept14, rtt = 84 msec, 15 routers)(12:30 pm, 11Sept14, rtt = 84 msec, 15 routers)

Fall 2007 Weird TraceRoute Seen by StudentTulsa to OSU Stillwater

Fall 2007 Weird TraceRoute Seen by StudentTulsa to OSU Stillwater

Tracert launched from Tulsa, hitTracert launched from Tulsa, hitAtlantaAtlantaWashington, D.C.Washington, D.C.IllinoisIllinoisKansas CityKansas CityTulsaTulsaOklahoma CityOklahoma CityOSU StillwaterOSU Stillwater

Internet Service Provider BackboneInternet Service Provider Backbone

Switched Network, full duplex trunks.Access lines attach to corporate routers &

routers of other ISP's.

Router

TrunksAccess Line

OSU BackboneOSU Backbone

Access lines attach to Ethernet switches, Onenet and other routers.

Router

TrunksAccess Line

ISO OSI Seven Layer ModelISO OSI Seven Layer Model

Layer 7 ApplicationLayer 7 Application Layer 6 PresentationLayer 6 Presentation Windows API Windows API Layer 5 SessionLayer 5 Session Windows TCPWindows TCP Layer 4 TransportLayer 4 Transport Windows TCPWindows TCP Layer 3 NetworkLayer 3 Network WindowsWindows IP IP Layer 2 Data LinkLayer 2 Data Link PC NICPC NIC Layer 1 Physical Layer 1 Physical PC NICPC NIC

Internet Protocal v4 (20 Bytes)Internet Protocal v4 (20 Bytes)

TOS

TTL

Source Address

Destination Address

4 Bytes

Microsoft's TracertMicrosoft's Tracert

802.3 Ethernet Packet Format802.3 Ethernet Packet Format

MACDestination

Address

MACSource

Address

CRCData + Padding

Bytes: 7 1 6 6 2

20 20 6-1460 4

IPv4 TCP

IPv4 HeaderIPv4 Header Contains two addressesContains two addresses

4B Source Address4B Source Address 4B Destination Address4B Destination Address 4B = 32b = 4.295 G potential addresses4B = 32b = 4.295 G potential addresses

Example addressExample address 10001011 01001110 01000010 1101001110001011 01001110 01000010 11010011

Dotted Decimal Format simplifiesDotted Decimal Format simplifies x.x.x.xx.x.x.x Treat each byte as Base2 number, write in Base10Treat each byte as Base2 number, write in Base10 Above number simplifies to 139.78.66.211Above number simplifies to 139.78.66.211

IP HeaderIP Header Alpha-numeric name simplifies furtherAlpha-numeric name simplifies further

es302.ceat.okstate.edues302.ceat.okstate.edu Domain Name Servers convert to numericalDomain Name Servers convert to numerical

All OSU Stillwater addresses are of formAll OSU Stillwater addresses are of form 139.78139.78.0.0 to .0.0 to 139.78139.78.255.255.255.255

IP addresses & alpha-numeric names are IP addresses & alpha-numeric names are effectively backwardseffectively backwards 139.78139.78..6666..211211 mapped to mapped to

es302es302..ceatceat..okstate.eduokstate.edu

IP vs Ethernet AddressesIP vs Ethernet Addresses Ethernet has a flat address spaceEthernet has a flat address space

Similar to Social Security NumberSimilar to Social Security Number Adjacent #'s nearby or on other side of globe?Adjacent #'s nearby or on other side of globe?

Huge look up tables required to avoid floodingHuge look up tables required to avoid flooding Need 70.37 trillion entriesNeed 70.37 trillion entries

IP has a hierarchical address spaceIP has a hierarchical address space Packet delivery similar to Mail deliveryPacket delivery similar to Mail delivery

Adjacent IP addresses frequently nearbyAdjacent IP addresses frequently nearby

Reduces size of look up tablesReduces size of look up tables Don't need 4.295 billion entriesDon't need 4.295 billion entries

ISP Router OverloadISP Router OverloadSource:1 October 2007Network World

Fall 2011Level3

BGP entries375,550 IPv47,210 IPv6

Peak Traffic8.0 Tbps IPv4500 Mbps IPv6

ISP Router OverloadISP Router Overload

Core BGP entries as of 19 August 2014Core BGP entries as of 19 August 2014 IPv4 about 520,400IPv4 about 520,400 IPv6 about 18,300IPv6 about 18,300

2nd week of August2nd week of August Caused some problemsCaused some problems Some routers had 512,000 entry limitSome routers had 512,000 entry limit

source: bgp.potaroo.netNetwork World , 13Aug2014, "Internet outages expected to abate as routers are modified, rebooted"

TCP HeaderTCP Header

Source Port Destination Port

Sequence Number

ACK Number

Window

Checksum

4 Bytes

Wireshark Packet CaptureWireshark Packet Capture

This interaction starts with a click on a Firefox bookmark to a distance calculator. Firefox This interaction starts with a click on a Firefox bookmark to a distance calculator. Firefox then triggers a query to an OSU Domain Name Server asking for the IPv4 address of then triggers a query to an OSU Domain Name Server asking for the IPv4 address of www.indo.comwww.indo.com. This is next followed by a TCP 3 way handshake to open logical connections, an . This is next followed by a TCP 3 way handshake to open logical connections, an HTTP request to download the distance calculator page, and the beginning of the file transfer.HTTP request to download the distance calculator page, and the beginning of the file transfer.

ISO OSI Seven Layer ModelISO OSI Seven Layer Model

Layer 7 ApplicationLayer 7 Application Layer 6 PresentationLayer 6 Presentation Windows API Windows API Layer 5 Session Layer 5 Session Windows Windows TCPTCP Layer 4 TransportLayer 4 Transport Windows Windows TCPTCP Layer 3 Network Layer 3 Network Windows IPWindows IP Layer 2 Data LinkLayer 2 Data Link PC NICPC NIC Layer 1 Physical Layer 1 Physical PC NICPC NIC

MSS = 1460 B = Size of Layer 6 & 7 info per packet

EthernetPayload = 1500 B

TCP Window Size (Layer 4) Effects End-to-End Throughput

TCP Window Size (Layer 4) Effects End-to-End Throughput

SupposeSuppose Window Size (set by PC) = 64 KBWindow Size (set by PC) = 64 KB

Microsoft Windows XP Microsoft Windows XP

Maximum Segment Size = 1 KBMaximum Segment Size = 1 KB Server can send Server can send << 64 unACK'd packets 64 unACK'd packets

Server PC

3,000 Km

Throughput on 64 Kbps LineThroughput on 64 Kbps Line

Server PC3,000 Km, 64 Kbps line

NPD = Prop Delay / Packet inject timeNPD = Prop Delay / Packet inject time Prop Delay = distance / EM energy speedProp Delay = distance / EM energy speed

= 3,000,000 m / 200,000,000 m/sec = 3,000,000 m / 200,000,000 m/sec = 0.015 seconds = 0.015 seconds

Packet inject time = 8,376 bits / 64 Kbits/secPacket inject time = 8,376 bits / 64 Kbits/sec = 0.1309 seconds (7B PPP, 20B IPv4, 20B TCP) = 0.1309 seconds (7B PPP, 20B IPv4, 20B TCP)

NPD = 0.015 / 0.1309 = 0.1146NPD = 0.015 / 0.1309 = 0.1146 Front end of packet arrives at far side prior to back end being transmitted.Front end of packet arrives at far side prior to back end being transmitted.

Packet #1

Throughput on 64 Kbps LineThroughput on 64 Kbps Line

Server PC

3,000 Km, 64 Kbps line

At this instant in time...At this instant in time... 2nd unACK'd packet is being transmitted2nd unACK'd packet is being transmitted ACK for #1 enroute back to serverACK for #1 enroute back to server

TCP+IP+Layer 2 TCP+IP+Layer 2 → 47 bytes if PPP→ 47 bytes if PPP

When ACK#1 arrives at server, When ACK#1 arrives at server, only packet #2 is unacknowledged.only packet #2 is unacknowledged.

Will 64 packet unACK'd limit be reached?Will 64 packet unACK'd limit be reached? No. At most, 1 packet likely unACK'd.No. At most, 1 packet likely unACK'd.

Packet #2 #1

#1 ACK

Throughput on 45 Mbps LineThroughput on 45 Mbps Line

Server PC3,000 Km, 45 Mbps line

NPD = Prop Delay / Packet inject timeNPD = Prop Delay / Packet inject time Prop Delay = distance / EM energy speedProp Delay = distance / EM energy speed

= 3,000,000 m / 200,000,000 m/sec = 3,000,000 m / 200,000,000 m/sec = 0.015 seconds = 0.015 seconds

Packet inject time = 8,376 bits / 45 Mbits/secPacket inject time = 8,376 bits / 45 Mbits/sec = 186.1 = 186.1 μμseconds (PPP, IPv4, TCP overhead)seconds (PPP, IPv4, TCP overhead)

NPD = 0.015 / 0.0001861 = 80.60NPD = 0.015 / 0.0001861 = 80.60 80.60 average sized packets will fit back-to-back on this line80.60 average sized packets will fit back-to-back on this line

#1#2#3

Throughput on 45 Mbps LineThroughput on 45 Mbps Line

Server PC

3,000 Km, 45 Mbps line

At this instant in time, the Server...At this instant in time, the Server... Has transmitted 64 packets w/o ACK.Has transmitted 64 packets w/o ACK. Has hit window limit. Halts.Has hit window limit. Halts.

Packets 1 - 64

Throughput on 45 Mbps LineThroughput on 45 Mbps Line

Server PC

3,000 Km, 45 Mbps line

At this instant in time, At this instant in time, The PC has processed 1st packet & sent an ACKThe PC has processed 1st packet & sent an ACK The Server is still halted, waiting for ACK #1.The Server is still halted, waiting for ACK #1.

When ACK #1 arrives, server can then transmit one When ACK #1 arrives, server can then transmit one additional packet.additional packet.

Other ACK’s arrive fast enough to allow back-to-back Other ACK’s arrive fast enough to allow back-to-back transmission of next group of 64 packetstransmission of next group of 64 packets

Packets 2 - 64 #1

ACK#1

Can Estimate Throughput with a Time LineCan Estimate Throughput with a Time Line

timeto = 0

ttoo: Leading edge of 1st packet injected: Leading edge of 1st packet injected

tt11: Trailing edge of 64th packet injected: Trailing edge of 64th packet injected

tt11 = (64*1047B)(8b/B)/(45 Mb/sec) = 11.91 msec = (64*1047B)(8b/B)/(45 Mb/sec) = 11.91 msec

tt22: Leading edge of 1st packet hits far side: Leading edge of 1st packet hits far side

15 msec (propagation delay)15 msec (propagation delay) If ACK injected right away...If ACK injected right away...

tt33: ...ACK arrives at server at t = 30 msec: ...ACK arrives at server at t = 30 msec

Process Repeats...Process Repeats...

t1 t2 t3

Can Estimate Throughput with a Time LineCan Estimate Throughput with a Time Line

time (msec)to = 0

This system can transmitThis system can transmit 64(1,047) = 67,008 B = 536,064 bits64(1,047) = 67,008 B = 536,064 bits Every 30 msec (one round trip time)Every 30 msec (one round trip time) Estimated throughput = 536,064/0.03 = 17.89 MbpsEstimated throughput = 536,064/0.03 = 17.89 Mbps

Actual throughput a bit lowerActual throughput a bit lower 1st ACK not transmitted until packet #1 fully received...1st ACK not transmitted until packet #1 fully received...

... and processed by PC... and processed by PC 65th packet not transmitted until ACK #1 fully received...65th packet not transmitted until ACK #1 fully received...

... and processed by Server... and processed by Server

11.91 15.00 30.00

Can Estimate Throughput with a Time LineCan Estimate Throughput with a Time Line

time (msec)to = 0

Need to be able to fill the pipe for 1 RTTNeed to be able to fill the pipe for 1 RTT 30 msec in our example30 msec in our example 45 Mbps * .030 sec = 1.35 M b = 168,750 B 45 Mbps * .030 sec = 1.35 M b = 168,750 B

= 168,750/1,047 = 161.2 packets = 168,750/1,047 = 161.2 packets Window Size needs to be = Window Size needs to be =

161.2 segments*1,000 bytes/segment = 161,200 B161.2 segments*1,000 bytes/segment = 161,200 B

Actually would need another segment or two to cover source & sink Actually would need another segment or two to cover source & sink processing processing

11.91 15.00 30.00

TCP HeaderTCP Header

Source Port Destination Port

Sequence Number

ACK Number

Window

Checksum

4 Bytes

UDP Header (8 Bytes)UDP Header (8 Bytes)

Source Port Destination Port

Checksum

4 Bytes

For interactive real-time traffic, usually used with Real Time Transport Protocol (12 bytes).

Virtual CircuitsVirtual Circuits Routing decisions made Routing decisions made onceonce when when

circuit is set upcircuit is set up Concerned switches have internal Concerned switches have internal

Look-Up tables updatedLook-Up tables updated All packets part of info transfer followAll packets part of info transfer follow

the same path the same path Allows option of setting aside switch resources (buffer Allows option of setting aside switch resources (buffer

space, bandwidth) for specific traffic flowsspace, bandwidth) for specific traffic flows MPLS, Frame Relay, ATM, & Carrier Ethernet use MPLS, Frame Relay, ATM, & Carrier Ethernet use

VC’sVC’s

DatagramsDatagrams

IP uses Datagrams IP uses Datagrams Routing Tables updated independently of Routing Tables updated independently of

individual traffic flowsindividual traffic flows Routers continuously talking with each otherRouters continuously talking with each other Packets may follow different pathsPackets may follow different paths

Routers get no advance warning of Routers get no advance warning of specific packet flows.specific packet flows.

IP is ConnectionlessIP is Connectionless

Data + Padding

20 20 up to 1,460

IP TCP

I/O decisions based on IP address & look-up table.Tables updated independent of traffic, hence paththru network may suddenly change.

TCP is connection oriented.

TCP, UDP, and IPTCP, UDP, and IP 30+ year old Protocols 30+ year old Protocols

Designed for dataDesigned for dataOne Priority & “Best Effort” servicesOne Priority & “Best Effort” servicesNo QoS GuaranteesNo QoS GuaranteesAvailable bandwidth depends on otherAvailable bandwidth depends on other users users

TCP (Layer 4 & 5) provides reliable transferTCP (Layer 4 & 5) provides reliable transfer UDP (Layer 4 & 5) unreliable transferUDP (Layer 4 & 5) unreliable transfer IP at Layer 3IP at Layer 3 Arbitrary Protocols at Layers 1 & 2Arbitrary Protocols at Layers 1 & 2

InternetTraffic2008 - 2009 Comparison

InternetTraffic2008 - 2009 Comparison

sou

rce:

htt

p://

ww

w.s

andv

ine.

com

s

Fixed Access Internet Traffic ProfileFixed Access Internet Traffic Profile

Source: www.sandvine.com/downloads/documents/Phenomena_2H_2012/ Sandvine_Global_Internet_Phenomena_Snapshot_2H_2012_NA_Fixed.pdf & www.sandvine.com/downloads/general/global-internet-phenomena/2014/1h-2014-global-internet-phenomena-report.pdf

2013

2012 Mobile Access Internet Traffic Profile2012 Mobile Access Internet Traffic Profile

http://www.sandvine.com/downloads/documents/Phenomena_2H_2012/ Sandvine_Global_Internet_Phenomena_Snapshot_2H_2012_NA_Mobile.pdf

2013 Mobile Access Internet Traffic Profile2013 Mobile Access Internet Traffic Profile

source: www.sandvine.com/downloads/general/global-internet-phenomena/2014/1h-2014-global-internet-phenomena-report.pdf

Internet Traffic GrowthInternet Traffic Growth

source: "The Road to 100G Deployment", IEEE Communications Magazine, March 2010

Internet Traffic GrowthInternet Traffic Growth

source: www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/VNI_Hyperconnectivity_WP.html

Combining the Figures

Combining the Figures

VoIPVoIP

PC to PCPC to PC Internet Phone to Internet PhoneInternet Phone to Internet Phone

CommodityInternet

VoIPVoIP PC to Wired PhonePC to Wired Phone Internet Phone to Wired PhoneInternet Phone to Wired Phone

CommodityInternet

Gateway

PhoneSystem

VoIP (Wired Phone-to-Wired Phone)VoIP (Wired Phone-to-Wired Phone) Carrier prioritizes VoIP traffic Carrier prioritizes VoIP traffic (DiffServ)(DiffServ) Paths nailed down Paths nailed down (MPLS)(MPLS) Gateways control # of voice callsGateways control # of voice calls Good Quality Possible with this configurationGood Quality Possible with this configuration

"QoS Enabled"Internet

Gateway

PhoneSystem

Gateway

PhoneSystem

Traditional VideoconferencingTraditional Videoconferencing

Camera Codec

384 Kbps fixed rate output

(video + audio)

Codec

Audio

Video

Dedicated BandwidthNetwork:Circuit Switched TDM6 Bytes @ 8000 times/sec *State Owned Fiber *ISDN

2002 Non-Traditional Videoconferencing2002 Non-Traditional Videoconferencing

Camera Codec

384 Kbps fixed rate output

(video + audio) Now > 784 Kbps

Codec

Audio

Video

Packet Switched StatMuxedPrioritized *State Owned Fiber

This is technique beingused in this class for video to & from Tulsa & Stillwater.

Internet Video StreamingInternet Video Streaming

PC

Disk Drive

The InternetQuality of Received Streamdepends on:(1) Size of your pipe.(2) Internet congestion.(3) Server congestion.

Internet Video StreamingInternet Video Streaming

StillwaterVideo Server

generates packets.

Fairly steady generation if server not swamped.Rate depends on pipe size.

Disk Drive

Internet Video StreamingInternet Video Streaming

Disk Drive

Internet

Video Server

Packets exit at an irregular rate.Random delays.

Non-Dedicated Bandwidth(Packet Switched, Stat Muxing)

ISP Routes can be RoundaboutISP Routes can be Roundabout

Launched 30 January 2007, 2 miles from OSU campus 1 Dr. Scheets' home router 6 SBC routers

adsl-70-233-191-254.dsl.okcyok.sbcglobal.net ex2-p11-0.eqchil.sbcglobal.net

7 Level3 routers Te-3-2.Chicago1.Level3.net kscymo2wcx010-pos9-0-oc48.wcg.net tulsok6wcx2-pos11-0-oc48.wcg.net

5 ONENET routers at least 1 in Oklahoma City

3 Oklahoma State routers3 Oklahoma State routers

Using DiffServe, End-to-End performance onthis 22 router path ...

ISP Routes can be RoundaboutISP Routes can be Roundabout

Launched 5 September 2008, 2 miles from OSU campus 1 Scheets' home router 4 SBC routers

adsl-70-233-191-254.dsl.okcyok.sbcglobal.net bb1-g1-0-2.rcfril.sbcglobal.net

1 Equinix router 1 Transitrail router

onenet.chcgil01.transitrail.net 3 ONENET routers

at least 1 in Oklahoma City 4 Oklahoma State routers4 Oklahoma State routers rtt = 55 msecrtt = 55 msec

...may be worsethan End-to-Endperformance onthis 14 router path when not using DiffServ.

LAN

LAN

Internet Service Provider NetworkInternet Service Provider Network

RouterRouter

TrunksLeased Line

PC

PC

Corporate sites using Internet as WAN.Can pay ISP extra $$ → Traffic between sites gets preferential treatment.

Interactive VOICE & VIDEO over the commodity INTERNET

(Best Effort, No Priorities)

Interactive VOICE & VIDEO over the commodity INTERNET

(Best Effort, No Priorities) Is not ready for Prime TimeIs not ready for Prime Time Delay & Quality problems Delay & Quality problems difficult to solve difficult to solve under the under the

current system...current system... ...although throwing Bandwidth at the problem will ...although throwing Bandwidth at the problem will

alleviatealleviate Has a place for the user whose main concern is $$$$ or Has a place for the user whose main concern is $$$$ or

convenienceconvenience

LAN

LAN

Internet Service Provider NetworkInternet Service Provider Network

Routers operate at Layers 1-3.PC’s operate at Layers 1-7. Routers do not monitor opening of TCP Logical Connections. RSVP would change this.

RouterRouter

TrunksLeased Line

PC

PC

Multi-Protocol Label Switching

Multi-Protocol Label Switching

Enables Virtual CircuitsEnables Virtual Circuits End-to-End Paths nailed downEnd-to-End Paths nailed down Traffic Engineering EasierTraffic Engineering Easier Resource Reservation EasierResource Reservation Easier

Seeing fairly widespread ISP deploymentSeeing fairly widespread ISP deployment

Internet QoSInternet QoS Most every ISP is installing or testing one or more of Most every ISP is installing or testing one or more of

following...following... DiffServDiffServ MPLSMPLS Resource Reservation capabilityResource Reservation capability Pricing structure to reflect different QoSPricing structure to reflect different QoS

... but they are not yet widely deployed.... but they are not yet widely deployed. As a result, currently the Commodity Internet As a result, currently the Commodity Internet

remains mostlyremains mostly Best Effort, FIFO RoutingBest Effort, FIFO Routing

Thinking of moving large amountsof high quality, time sensitive

traffic over the Commodity Internet?

Thinking of moving large amountsof high quality, time sensitive

traffic over the Commodity Internet?

Check back in 2-3 years when...Check back in 2-3 years when... Priorities Enabled (IPv6 and/or DiffServ)Priorities Enabled (IPv6 and/or DiffServ) Resources Guaranteed Resources Guaranteed

(Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) or equivalent is (Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) or equivalent is deployed)deployed)

Flat rate pricing is goneFlat rate pricing is gone

The Internet Is... The Internet Is... A superb information sourceA superb information source

Sometimes difficult to separate wheat from chaffSometimes difficult to separate wheat from chaff IEEE Communications or ProceedingsIEEE Communications or Proceedings

Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed

IEEE Spectrum IEEE Spectrum Reviewed by editorReviewed by editor

Jane Doe's Web siteJane Doe's Web site Reviewed by Jane DoeReviewed by Jane Doe

A good marketing toolA good marketing tool

The Internet Is... a Security Nightmare

The Internet Is... a Security Nightmare

Any-to-Any connectivity is both strength and weaknessAny-to-Any connectivity is both strength and weakness Tracert yields Router IP AddressesTracert yields Router IP Addresses Could Telnet or HTTP to many. Password?Could Telnet or HTTP to many. Password?

EspionageEspionage Read “The Cuckoo’s Egg” by Cliff StollRead “The Cuckoo’s Egg” by Cliff Stoll

Former #1 on New York Times Best SellerFormer #1 on New York Times Best SellerRecommended by Dr. Scheets’ MomRecommended by Dr. Scheets’ Mom