63 台灣林業科學 19(1): 63-77, 2004 研究報告 1) 行政院農業委員會林業試驗所木材纖維組, 100 台北市南海路 53 號 Division of Wood Cellulose, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute. 53 Nanhai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan. 2) 通訊作者 Corresponding author, e-mail:[email protected]2003 年6 月送審 2003 年10 月通過 Received June 2003, Accepte d October 2003. 彩色噴墨印刷用紙之研製及印刷性質評估 蘇裕昌 1,2) 陳鴻財 1) 張雅慈 1) 摘 要 本研究係使用塗佈法以不同之粘著劑( 苯乙烯丁二烯乳膠、苯乙烯- 順丁烯二酸、水溶性聚脲樹 脂、聚乙烯醇) 、顏料( 二氧化矽,膠體型合成二氧化矽,沉澱碳酸鈣,溼磨碳酸鈣,白土等) 塗佈於 紙面上,改善紙張表面性質,以製備具高印刷品質( 吸墨性佳、發色性佳、高解析度及高印刷色飽和 等) 、耐水性、耐光性單色、彩色噴墨專用塗佈紙。分析搜集市售十四種噴墨印表紙及自製塗佈型噴墨 印表用紙,經印表機列印,由印刷後紙張上的色濃度、網點擴散、印刷反差等印刷性質,顯示自製噴 墨印刷紙之配方可媲美市售之高階紙樣,具有較佳的色濃度值及網點擴散值及印刷反差。無論使用何 種粘著劑,添加表面上膠改善劑後,其印刷色濃度均會明顯的提升,紙張列印表面品質亦呈現明顯的 舒適感。採用微細粒子二氧化矽作為顏料可研製出高色濃度值,低網點擴散率,高印刷反差之噴墨印 刷用紙。同時檢討以碳酸鈣或白土來降低塗料之成本,結果顯示利用50%的沉澱碳酸鈣或濕磨碳酸鈣 以取代二氧化矽仍可達到市售紙優等之品質。為增加紙張的表面抗水性質,可於粘著劑添加交聯助劑 的條件下( 在顏料中填加1 %的硫酸鋁或陽離子性高分子如C-PAM或C-DADMAC) ,即可增加印刷後之 抗水性,且不影響其印刷性質。 關鍵詞:塗佈、塗佈紙、彩色噴墨印刷用紙、印刷性質評估。 蘇裕昌、陳鴻財、張雅慈 。 2004 。彩色噴墨印刷用紙之研製及印刷性質評估。台灣林業科學 19(1):63-77。 Research papr Preparation of Color Ink-jet Papers and Evaluation of their Printing Quality Yu-Chang Su, 1,2) Horng-Tsai Chen, 1) Ya-Tzu Chang 1) 【Summary】 In this study, we used different binders (latexes, SMA, PU, and PVA), and pigments (amorphous silica, colloidal silica, precipitated calcium carbonate [PCC], grounded calcium carbonate [GCC], kaolin, etc.) to coat the surface of base paper and modify the surface properties in an effort to prepare ink-jet papers of high printing performance (good absorbency, good ink hold-out, high resolution, and high printed color intensity), good water resistance, and good
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63台灣林業科學 19(1): 63-77, 2004
研究報告
1 ) 行政院農業委員會林業試驗所木材纖維組,1 0 0台北市南海路5 3號 D i v i s i o n o f Wo o d C e l l u l o s e ,
In this study, we used different binders (latexes, SMA, PU, and PVA), and pigments (amorphous silica, colloidal silica, precipitated calcium carbonate [PCC], grounded calcium carbonate [GCC], kaolin, etc.) to coat the surface of base paper and modify the surface properties in an effort to prepare ink-jet papers of high printing performance (good absorbency, good ink hold-out, high resolution, and high printed color intensity), good water resistance, and good
64 蘇裕昌等―噴墨紙製造及印刷性質
light-fastness for black-and-white and color printing purposes. We also collected 14 varieties of commercial ink-jet papers and subjected them to analyses and comparisons with the lab-prepared specimens. After printing with a standard printer, the printing quality parameters, such as color density, dot diffusion, contrasts, etc, were individually evaluated. The results indicated that our lab-prepared specimens matched or exceeded the performance of high-grade commercial products. The papers had better rendering of colors, dot diffusion, and print contrasts. Regardless of which binders were used, the addition of the process of surface sizing markedly improved the printed color density, while the printed surfaces provided viewers with a comfortable feeling as well. Minute particle-sized silica can be used to prepare ink-jet papers of high color strength, low dot diffusion, and good print contrasts. We also used calcium carbonate and kaolin to lower the cost of the coating color. Results indicated that 50% replacement of silica with PCC or GCC could achieve performances equivalent to those of superior market products. In order to increase the water resistance of the paper surface, a cross-linking agent was added to the binder or 1% alum or cationic polymers such as C-PAM or C-DADMAC were added all of which improved the post-printing water resistance of the paper without affecting the printing quality.Key words: coating, coated paper, color ink-jet printing paper, printing evaluation.Su YC, Chen HT, Chang YT. 2004. Preparation of color ink-jet papers and evaluation of their
printing quality. Taiwan J For Sci 19(1):63-77.
緒言
由於國內外生態保育觀念深植,森林資源
取得不易,一般製漿造紙業投資報酬率不高,
以量產為主之紙種已漸不符國內各廠之經營原
則,因此發展技術密集製備高附加價值紙張為
今後纖維材料利用紙業研究不可缺之課題。近
年來資訊用機器不僅被應用於各界,更由於個
人電腦的普及,各式各樣的印表機充斥市面,
所採用資訊用紙之樣式更是不勝枚舉。噴墨印
刷方式之印表機具有機型小、價格低及高印刷
品質之優點,因此被推定為目前辦公及平面媒
體應用之主流。但以一般紙張印刷字體或圖形
時,其印刷之品質如印字濃度、耐水性並不甚
理想。雖然有為了提高印字後紙張印刷及畫陰
面品質之特種專用紙的開發,但由於其共通性
不足,推論採用普通紙進行噴墨印刷為今後之
方向,但其紙面品質必須做某些程度的表面處
理,才能達到印刷高解析度及影像的需求。
目前噴墨印刷之原理是由高頻振動的音
叉接觸圓柱型試管,使試管內之油墨分裂成大
小相同間隔均一之小液滴,而將此液滴噴射至
紙面印出圖像文字(Carnahan 1975)。噴墨印刷
用紙主要需考慮油墨的發色性與油墨吸收性、
印刷後影像之解析度及對印表機之配合度、操
作性等,在1980年代起即開始有此類紙張之開
發研究。最近由於辦公室自動化與電腦急速的
普及,文字印刷媒體之發達及對高印刷品質之
噴墨用紙需求,在開發製造及應用層級也有相
當程度的進展(Lyne and Aspler 1985, Kojima 1989, Bares and Rennels 1990, Takishita 1995, Iwasa 1996)。
噴墨記錄紙最早是採用一般紙的黑白印
刷,彩色化後若採用普通紙往往會有滲墨、透
印、不鮮明等問題的發生。目前市面上的彩色
噴墨用紙有七成是塗佈型,這種紙張的吸墨性
佳,高解像力而且印刷鮮明。所採用的粘著劑
有很多如苯乙烯丁二烯乳膠、澱粉、聚乙烯醇
等,所使用的顏料也包含相當多之種類如二氧
化矽、碳酸鈣、白土、二氧化鈦、氫氧化鋁等
(Lyne and Aspla 1985, Takahashi et al. 1988, Kojima 1989)。
本研究進行以實驗室上膠轆塗佈方式的彩
色噴墨印刷用紙之開發,以不同表面上膠劑如
65台灣林業科學 19(1): 63-77, 2004
水溶性聚脲樹脂、聚乙烯醇及澱粉/聚乙烯醇等
及矽膠、白土、碳酸鈣顏料,配合表面改善助
劑進行紙張表面加工,探討如何以塗佈方式改
善紙張的表面性質、吸水性、印刷品質等,以
製備高印刷品質的彩色噴墨印刷之用紙,同時
評估市售紙及自製噴墨記錄紙的印刷特性。
材料與方法
一、試驗材料
(一 )市售彩色噴墨印刷用紙 ( C o l o r i n k - j e t printing paper):採購收集得十四種噴墨印表機
專用不同解析度(360~1,440 dpi)之塗佈型彩色
噴墨印刷用紙。
(二)自製彩色噴墨印刷用紙
1.原紙(Base paper):全錄公司影印紙及台灣紙
業公司之基重80 g/m2原紙。
2.顏料(Pigment)
( 1 )沉澱型合成二氧化矽 ( S i l i c a a c i d p r e -cipitation):台灣向陽礦業公司之silica A-200及日本德山公司之finsil X-37B®, finsil X-30®, finsil X-60®。
(2 )膠體型合成二氧化矽 (Co l lo ida l s i l i ca ):Merck。
(3)濕磨型碳酸鈣(Hydrocarb®):亦立興業公司。
3.接著劑(Binder)
(1)聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol, PVA):日本試
藥工業株式會社,PVA先配製成8%溶液,再行
添加。
(2)水溶性聚脲樹脂(Polyurethane, PU):日本旭
電化工業株式會社之聚脲樹脂三種(Hux 380®, Hux 670®, Hux 680®)等。
(3)苯乙烯丁二烯乳膠(SBR latex):申豐化工公司。
(4)苯乙烯 -順丁烯二酸 (Styrene male ic ac id , SMA):亦立興業公司。
(% ISO) (%) degree (s) (s) (%) wax test coated (gm-2) coated Base paper 84.5 87.6 28.3 28.4 8.5 9.65 18 17.5 A 89.3 90.9 30.5 18.2 7.5 9.52 11 31.6 B 89.7 91.8 11.2 64.7 8.3 19.5 8 34.3 C 86.5 96.4 3.70 207 8.2 30.2 7 91.3 D 82.7 89.9 14.2 48.9 4.9 7.62 10 26.8 E 82.7 94.5 42.7 47.3 6.2 11.1 15 13.5 F 91.7 89.5 38.9 42.5 4.8 12.2 6 28.4 G 90.8 94.3 44.6 56.9 7.9 21.6 8-9 44.3 H 89.6 93.8 9.70 77.0 7.9 24.2 23 52.6 I 92.4 94.4 54.8 79.9 7.7 18.5 5 47.6 J 90.9 88.9 42.2 41.6 4.9 11.4 7 26.2 K 87.7 90.0 20.6 49.6 8.0 19.5 7 35.5 L 89.8 93.8 7.40 66.8 5.4 13.2 6 45.8 M 88.8 92.0 45.6 44.0 7.7 15.5 7 32.2 N 90.8 94.4 45.2 57.4 7.8 22.3 7 44.4
69台灣林業科學 19(1): 63-77, 2004
使用或配合使用(澱粉/PVA),在表面改善劑或
交聯助劑(DM 20A等)的使用與否,並改變其塗
佈顏料純二氧化矽,或配合碳酸鈣或白土所塗
佈出噴墨印刷用紙紙張之表面性質如Table 7所示。平滑度大幅提高至原紙的3-4倍,表面強度
則因塗佈而降低。PVA及SMA接著劑的紙樣有
Table 4. Color density of various commercial color ink-jet printing papers
Paper sample Ranking Color density
Cyan Magenta Yellow Black A 1.69 1.39 0.92 1.58 B 1.17 1.13 0.90 1.40 C ≤ 360 DPI 1.64 1.40 1.09 1.67 D 1.68 1.40 1.10 1.70 E 1.60 1.46 1.13 1.68 F 1.56 1.36 0.94 1.55 G 1.64 1.52 1.03 1.64 H 1.67 1.52 1.12 1.78 I 1.67 1.43 1.03 1.64 J >360 DPI 1.38 1.23 0.94 1.32 K 1.69 1.53 1.11 1.78 L 1.78 1.45 0.96 1.68 M 1.45 1.13 0.94 1.41 N 1.18 1.13 0.75 1.24Total average 1.48 1.33 0.99 1.54Upper 50% average 1.62 1.44 1.08 1.67
Table 5. Degree of dot diffusion of market color ink-jet printing papers
Paper Sample Paper Rank Dot diffusion
75% 50% 25% A 1.27 1.49 1.66 B 1.22 1.35 1.49 C ≤ 360 DPI 1.26 1.40 1.47 D 1.25 1.42 1.52 E 1.21 1.42 1.61 F 1.25 1.44 1.59 G 1.27 1.51 1.76 H 1.26 1.48 1.68 I 1.27 1.47 1.62 J >360 DPI 1.18 1.31 1.38 K 1.26 1.50 1.67 L 1.25 1.45 1.58 M 1.20 1.37 1.50 N 1.15 1.33 1.53Total average 1.30 1.58 1.85Upper 50% average 1.28 1.52 1.71
70 蘇裕昌等―噴墨紙製造及印刷性質
Table 6. Print contrast of market color ink-jet printing papers
Paper sample Print contrast
Cyan Magenta Yellow Black A 21.47 21.32 25.56 11.95 B 25.00 24.11 26.44 34.68 C 27.88 27.27 28.04 20.81 D 24.53 25.35 27.78 18.93 E 30.26 36.05 39.05 33.97 F 24.03 23.48 27.96 22.22 G 22.02 23.33 22.55 24.12 H 25.15 26.80 26.36 26.70 I 22.89 19.58 26.00 12.20 J 30.16 35.25 37.63 31.82 K 27.22 25.83 26.36 27.84 L 27.01 24.48 28.42 17.65 M 30.03 30.59 34.17 29.79 N 29.91 30.93 36.33 32.06Total average 21.38 20.80 24.78 20.76Upper 50% average 25.71 24.94 27.05 27.81
Table 7. Surface properties of lab-made ink-jet printing papers1)
Coating Coating binder Stöckigt sizing Bekk Smoothness Dennison Pigament2) degree (s) (s) wax test (No) A PU 28.9 93 10 A PVA+DM20A 28.1 127 9 A Starch+DM20A 31.4 88 9 A Starch/PVA+DM20A 30.5 115 10 B PU+DM20A 42.1 176 8 B PVA+DM20A 44.9 114 16 B SMA+DM20A 44.4 151 13 B Latex+DM20A 36.8 88 9 C PU+DM20A 40.5 122 8 C PVA+DM20A 38.6 100 9 C SMA+DM20A 45.5 121 16 C Latex+DM20A 35.6 133 12 D PU+DM20A 27.6 128 20 D PVA+DM20A 29.0 109 18 D SMA+DM20A 33.1 161 20 D Latex+DM20A 27.9 178 20 Base paper none 28.3 28.4 181) Coating pigment: Binder: Cationic starch: DM20A=100: 10: 2: 0.2 (by weight).2) (A) Silica/Colloidal silica = 9: 1; (B) Silica/CaCO3/Clay = 5: 3: 2; (C) Slica/CaCO3 = 5: 5; (D)
Carnahan RD. 1975. Ink droplet printing devices. Tappi J 58(7):82-6.Iwasa S. 1995. Development of plain paper for electrophotographic and full color ink jet printing. Jpn Tappi Annual Meeting Proceedings. p343-51. [in Japanese with English summary].Iwamuro Y. 1996. Sizing agent for ink jet printing paper “UniQ-Print 8000”. Jpn Paper Technology (7):6-9. [in Japanese with English summary].Kojima Y. 1989. Inkjet paper. Japan Tappi J 43(12):1-13. [in Japanese with English
77台灣林業科學 19(1): 63-77, 2004
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