ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I Intro to the Web.

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Intro to the Web

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Web Concepts & Technology

Internet vs web

Internet – a collection of computers used to share information: web pages, email, newsgroups, ftp, chat, hardware, equipment, network, etc

Web- collection of individual documents for viewing on the internet.

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Client/Server

Client/Server Architecture– When you type in a URL, the browser (the client)

contacts the web server– The browser requests the desired file– Server looks for the file on its machine– The file is sent back to the browser– The file is saved to the cache (Temporary Internet

Files)– The connection between client and server is broken– The browser renders the file

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Must put your web site on internet

When you create a website, you must upload it to a web server, otherwise no one will be able to access it

Others cannot see a web page you created on your personal computer unless your computer is set up as a web server and connected to the internet

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

FTPFile Transfer Protocol

Used to transfer any type of file Must have an FTP server and an FTP client Upload- when you send a file from the client to the

server Download- when you send from the server to the client FTP is the most common way to put file up on the

internet Examples include WS_FTP for Windows, Fetch for

Mac

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

HTMLHypertext Markup Language

A page description language Decides how text and images will appear Not really a programming language, but a

layout language Hypertext- text that links to another document

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

HTML cont …

HTML is a text file, no images are stored in the actual HTML file, it refers to them

Pictures are separate files referred to by HTML, then loaded into their proper place

HTML can be created in notepad or any simple text editor

To view the HTML file, use any browser HTML will look differently in different browsers

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

HTML Editor

HTML can be created and modifies in any text editor

Notepad- simplest to use and comes with Windows

Front Page Dreamweaver MX Both complex HTML editors

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

CGI ScriptsCommon Gateway Interface

Adds functionality to the site A CGI script is a program Most common language used in CGI is Perl Can take input from a web page and process the data Other CGI languages:

– C– C++– JavaScript

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

CGI cont …

CGI scripts are server side scripts; they are stored on the web server

Purpose: counters, polls, password protection, feedback, emails, connect to databases

The server runs the script, processes it, and writes HTML back to the browser

This HTML page is generated dynamically (may be different every time) by the script

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Forms

Forms allow users to enter information using a web page

The browser sends information to the server A program such as CGI processes the form

information entered by the user

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Java

Java is a product from Sun Microsystems It is a programming language used to embed mini

programs or applets into a web page To run a Java applet software called a “virtual java

machine” must be installed Java is a multi-platform language- meaning it will run on

any operating system with a virtual java machine installed

Java applets are client side- meaning the program is run on the client computer

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Java cont …

Stark State College of Technology offers several courses in Java, the first of which is ECA223 Java Programming

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

JavaScript and VBScript

Adds functionality to a web page Client Side scripting languages- meaning the browser is

the software that interprets the script JavaScript was originally developed by Netscape Microsoft’s developed VBScript, based on Visual Basic Simple to program but limited security and functionality Netscape and Internet Explorer both support JavaScript Only Internet Explorer supports VBScript

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

JavaScript and VBScript cont …

The scripts are usually written inside HTML code Uses :

– Form validation– Pop up windows– Pop up menus– Much more

If you are interested in Javascript we offer it in ECA225

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

ASP

Active Server Pages Creates web pages dynamically Server Side Scripting on Microsoft Servers Can be connected easily to databases, email,

save to files etc. ECA229 Microsoft Server Side Scripting

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Cold Fusion MX

Macromedia product Runs on Microsoft servers or other servers Server side scripting This is taught in ECA234 CFML Tools, formally

called E-Commerce

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

PHP

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor A free server side scripting language Very popular because it is open source ECA236 Open Source Server Side Scripting Works well with other Open Source packages

such as Linux, Apache, and MySQL

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Databases

Connecting a web site to a database is where the real money is

Storing inventory, name/password combinations, etc

Popular databases include Access, SQL Server, Oracle or MySQL

Access is adequate for small sites, bigger sites need to use SQL Server, or a more professional database like Oracle

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets Allows developer to separate the structure of a

website from its design CSS enhances a site’s look, accessibility, and

consistency CSS makes it much easier for a developer to

update or modify the look of a site

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Language Summary

Language Server Client

HTML X

CSS X

CGI/Perl X

Java X

JavaScript X

ASP X

Cold Fusion X

PHP X

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

HTML Editors

3 types of editors

1. Basic text editors - Notepad

2. Advanced Text Editors - color coded syntax, TextPad

3. WYSIWYG- What you see is what you get

a. Microsoft Front page- new users

b. Dreamweaver- experienced users

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

If you wish to learn Dreamweaver Stark State College of Technology offers:

IMT124 Macromedia tools

HTML Editors cont …

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Graphics Packages

Photoshop Paint Shop Pro Fireworks Web site developers often need a graphics program to

manipulate images Most browsers accept only .jpg or .gif image formats Photoshop is offered in IMT122 Graphic Arts

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Web Site Hosting

Once you create a web site you must find a place to host it

You will upload your files to a server, a computer connected to the Internet 24x7

You can host your own site if you have a dedicated computer hooked up to the internet constantly

There are many free hosting sites available

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Web Site Hosting

You may want to pay a provider to host your site

There are many commercial hosting services available, with many advanced features

Prices range from $7 to $100 + per month

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Domain Names

To register your own domain name such as www.myname.com , you must pay a nominal fee

Top Level Domains include:– .com commercial site– .net network site– .org organization

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Domain Names cont …

Once you register your name you must get it pointed to your web site. Your ISP (Internet Service Provider) can usually help you to do this.

Then people simply type in your domain name and it takes them to your site.

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I

Search Engines

Next you need to register your site in search engines so people can find it. Registering in search engines like Google, AltaVista, and Yahoo.