EC1269 - Weeblysrce-ece.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/5/8/12583487/ec_2205... · Web viewExplain the AC and DC Analysis of Common Emitter amplifier with emitter Feed back resistance and

SARDAR RAJA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ALANGULAM

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

MICRO LESSON PLAN

SUBJECT NAME : ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I SUBJECT CODE : EC 2205

SEMESTER : III

YEAR : II

STAFF NAME

KALIMUTHU V

AP/ECE DEPT

SUBJECT DESCRIPTION

EC 2205 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I L T P C

3 1 0 4

AIM

The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of basic

transistor Amplifier circuits and power supplies.

OBJECTIVE

On completion of this course the student will understand The methods of biasing transistors Design of simple amplifier circuits Midband analysis of amplifier circuits using small - signal equivalent circuits to determine gain input impedance and output impedance Method of calculating cutoff frequencies and to determine bandwidth Design of power amplifiers Analysis and design of power supplies.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Millman J and Halkias .C., Integrated Electronics, TMH, 2007.

2. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits,

2nd Edition, TMH, 2007.

REFERENCES

1. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 9th

Edition, Pearson Education / PHI, 2007.

2. David A. Bell, Electronic Devices & Circuits, 4th Ediion, PHI, 2007

3. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.

4. I.J. Nagrath, Electronic Devices and Circuits, PHI, 2007.

5. Anwar A. Khan and Kanchan K. Dey, A First Course on Electronics, PHI, 2006.

6. B.P. Singh and Rekha Singh, Electronic Devices and Integrated Circuits, Pearson

Education, 2006.

7. Rashid M, Microelectronics Circuits, Thomson Learning, 2007.

EC 2205 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I L T P C

3 1 0 4

UNIT I TRANSISTOR BIAS STABILITY 12

BJT – Need for biasing – Stability factor - Fixed bias circuit, Load line and quiescent

point. Variation of quiescent point due to FE h variation within manufacturers tolerance -

Stability factors - Different types of biasing circuits - Method of stabilizing the Q point -

Advantage of Self bias (voltage divider bias) over other types of biasing, Bias

compensation – Diode, Thermister and Sensistor compensations, Biasing the FET and

MOSFET.

UNIT II MIDBAND ANALYSIS OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 12

CE, CB and CC amplifiers - Method of drawing small-signal equivalent circuit - Midband

analysis of various types of single stage amplifiers to obtain gain, input impedance and

output impedance - Miller’s theorem - Comparison of CB, CE and CC amplifiers and

their uses - Methods of increasing input impedance using Darlington connection and

bootstrapping - CS, CG and CD (FET) amplifiers - Multistage amplifiers.Basic emitter

coupled differential amplifier circuit - Bisection theorem. Differential gain –CMRR - Use

of constant current circuit to improve CMRR - Derivation of transfer characteristic.

UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS 12

General shape of frequency response of amplifiers - Definition of cutoff frequencies and

bandwidth - Low frequency analysis of amplifiers to obtain lower cutoff frequency Hybrid

– π equivalent circuit of BJTs - High frequency analysis of BJT amplifiers to obtain upper

cutoff frequency – Gain Bandwidth Product - High frequency equivalent circuit of FETs -

High frequency analysis of FET amplifiers - Gain-bandwidth product of FETs - General

expression for frequency response of multistage amplifiers - Calculation of overall upper

and lower cutoff frequencies of multistage amplifiers - Amplifier rise time and sag and

their relation to cutoff frequencies.

UNIT IV LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 12

Classification of amplifiers, Class A large signal amplifiers, second harmonic distortion,

higher order harmonic distortion, transformer-coupled class A audio power amplifier –

efficiency of Class A amplifiers. Class B amplifier – efficiency - push-pull amplifier -

distortion in amplifiers - complementary-symmetry (Class B) push-pull amplifier, Class C,

Class D amplifier – Class S amplifier – MOSFET power amplifier, Thermal stability and

heat sink.

UNIT V RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES 12

Classification of power supplies, Rectifiers - Half-wave, full-wave and bridge rectifiers

with resistive load. Analysis for dc V and ripple voltage with C, L, LC and CLC filters.

Voltage multipliers, Voltage regulators - Zener diode regulator, principles of obtaining a

regulated power supply, regulator with current limiting, Over voltage protection, Switched

mode power supply (SMPS), Power control using SCR.

TUTORIAL = 15 TOTAL : 60 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS

1. Millman J and Halkias .C., Integrated Electronics, TMH, 2007.

2. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits,

2nd Edition, TMH, 2007.

REFERENCES

1. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 9th

Edition, Pearson Education / PHI, 2007.

2. David A. Bell, Electronic Devices & Circuits, 4th Ediion, PHI, 2007

3. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.

4. I.J. Nagrath, Electronic Devices and Circuits, PHI, 2007.

5. Anwar A. Khan and Kanchan K. Dey, A First Course on Electronics, PHI, 2006.

6. B.P. Singh and Rekha Singh, Electronic Devices and Integrated Circuits, Pearson

Education, 2006.

7. Rashid M, Microelectronics Circuits, Thomson Learning, 2007.

HOURS

WEEK NO TOPIC T/R

BOOKS PAGE No.A/V

CLASS

UNIT- I TRANSISTOR BIAS STABILITY

1

I

BJT – Need for biasing – Stability factor

R3,T2

143-144174-176

2Fixed bias circuit, Load line and quiescent point. 146-152

3Variation of quiescent  point due to hFE variation within manufacturers tolerance - Stability factors

T2 180

4Different types of biasing circuits - Method of stabilizing the Q point T2 181-193

6

II

Advantage of Self bias (voltage divider bias) over other types of biasing

T2,R3

193,157-164

7Bias compensation – Diode, Thermister and Sensistor compensations

T2 193-194

8 Biasing the FET and MOSFET T2 213-219 yes

9

III

Tutorial

10 Tutorial

11 Tutorial

12 Revision

UNIT II  MIDBAND ANALYSIS OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS

13

IV

CE, CB and CC amplifiers - Method of drawing small-signal equivalent circuit

T2 248-252 yes

14

Midband analysis of various types of single stage amplifiers to obtain gain, input impedance and output impedance

T2 279-284

15 Miller’s theorem R3 520

16Comparison of CB, CE and CC amplifiers and their uses T2 279-284

17

V

Methods of increasing input impedance using Darlington connection and bootstrapping

R3 550-558

18 CS, CG and CD (FET) amplifiers T2 313-320

19Multistage amplifiers T2 349-352

20

21Basic emitter coupled differential amplifier circuit - Bisection theorem T2 326-329

22

VI

Differential gain – CMRR - Use of constant current circuit to improve CMRR

T2 329-335

23

24 Derivation of transfer characteristic 335-337

25 Tutorial

26 Tutorial

27VII

Tutorial

28 Revision

UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS

29

VIII

General shape of frequency response of amplifiers - Definition of cutoff frequencies and bandwidth

T2 389-391

30Low frequency analysis of amplifiers to obtain lower cutoff frequency

T2 397-401

31 Hybrid -π equivalent circuit of BJTs T2 398

32

High frequency analysis of BJT amplifiers to obtain upper cutoff frequency – Gain Bandwidth Product

T2 403-409

33

IX

High frequency equivalent circuit of FETs - High frequency analysis of FET amplifiers Gain-bandwidth product of FETs

T2 412-417 yes

34

35General expression for frequency response of multistage amplifiers -  Calculation of overall upper and lower cutoff frequencies of multistage amplifiers

T2 417-419

36

37Amplifier rise time and sag and their relation to cutoff frequencies.

R3

38 Tutorial

39

X

Tutorial

40 Tutorial

41 Revision I

42 Revision II

UNIT IV LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS

43

XI

Classification of amplifiers, Class A large signal amplifiers T2 427-429

44 second harmonic distortion, higher order harmonic distortion T2 429-43245

46transformer-coupled class A audio power amplifier – efficiency of Class A amplifiers

T2 432-435

47

XII

Class B amplifier – efficiency - push-pull amplifier T2 436-43948

49distortion in amplifiers - complementary-symmetry (Class B) push-pull amplifier

T2 439-441442-443

50 Class C, Class D amplifier – Class S amplifier T2 443-445

51 XIII MOSFET power amplifier T2 445-446 yes

52 Thermal stability and heat sink. T2 446-4495354 XIV Revision I55 Revision II

UNIT V    RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES

56

XV

Classification of power supplies, Rectifiers - Half-wave. T2 617-618

619-621

57 Full-wave and bridge rectifiers with resistive load. T2 623-628

58 Analysis for and ripple voltage with C, L, LC and CLC filters T2 628-63559

60

XVI

Voltage multipliers, Voltage regulators - Zener diode regulator T2 638-640

61 principles of obtaining a regulated power supply T2

62 regulator with current limiting, Over voltage protection, T2

63

XVII

Switched mode power supply (SMPS), T2 654-659 yes64

65 Power control using SCR T2 230-23566 Revision

Note:

T2. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits,

2nd Edition, TMH, 2007.

R3. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.

QUESTION BANKUNIT I

TRANSISTOR BIAS STABILITY PART A (2 Marks)

1. Why do we choose q point at the center of the loadline?

2. Name the two techniques used in the stability of the q point ,explain.

3. Why is the operating point selected at the Centre of the active region?

4. List out the different types of biasing.

5. What do you meant by thermal runway?

6.Why is the transistor called a current controlled device?

7. Define current amplification factor?

8. What are the requirements for biasing circuits?

9. When does a transistor act as a switch?

10. What is biasing?

11. What is operating point?

12. What is stability factor?

13. What is d.c load line?

14. What are the advantages of fixed bias circuit?

15. Explain about the various regions in a transistor?

16. Explain about the characteristics of a transistor?

17. What is the necessary of the coupling capacitor?

18. What is reverse saturation current?

19. Calculate the value of feedback resistor (Rs) required to self bias an N-channel

JFET with IDSS = 40 mA, Vp = -10 v and VGSQ = -5V

20. Draw the fixed bias single stage transistor circuit.

PART B

1. Explain the need for biasing , Stability factor and Fixed bias circuit (16)

2. Explain in detail different types of biasing circuits (16)

3. Explain the advantage of self bias (voltage divider bias) over other types of biasing.(16)

4. Explain the various types of bias compensation techniques. (16)

5. i) Explain biasing of FET (8)

ii) Explain biasing of MOSFET (8)

6. (1) Explain the fixed bias method and derive an expression for the

stability factor.(8)

(2) Discuss the operation of thermistor compensation. (8)

7. Explain the circuit which uses a diode to compensate for changes in

VBE and in ICO.(16)

UNIT IIMIDBAND ANALYSIS OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS

PART A (2 Marks)

1. What is an amplifier?

2. How are amplifiers classified according to the input?

3. How are amplifiers classified according to the transistor configuration?

4. What is the different analysis available to analyze a transistor?

5. How can a DC equivalent circuit of an amplifier be obtained?

6. How can a AC equivalent circuit of a amplifier be obtained?

7. What is small signal amplifier?

8. Draw the small signal equivalent model or h-parameter model of a transistor.

9. What are the advantages of h-parameter equivalent circuit?

10. Tabulate the h-parameters for all the 3 configurations.

11. What are the steps involved in midband analysis of single stage amplifiers?

12. What is the need to go for simplified hybrid model?

13.What are the techniques available to improve the input impedances?

14. Define CMRR

15. State Miller’s theorem.

16. What is the coupling schemes used in multistage amplifiers?

PART B ( 16 Marks)

1. Explain the AC and DC Analysis of Common Emitter amplifier . (16)

2. Explain the AC and DC Analysis Common Base Amplifier. (16)

3. Explain the AC and DC Analysis Common collector Amplifier. (16)

4. Draw the circuit of a common source FET amplifier & explain its operation? (16)

5. Briefly explain the operation of a Darlington emitter follower and also derive an expression

for its performance measures? (16)

6. What is a differential amplifier? Explain its working in common mode operation. Obtain its

AC equivalent circuit & drive the expression for voltage gain? (16)

7. Draw the circuit diagram of a differential amplifier. Explain the operation in difference mode

and common mode? (16)

8. What are the methods to improve the CMRR of differential amplifier?

Detail any two of them. (16)

9. i) Explain with circuit diagram the boot strapped Darlington emitter follower. (8)

ii) Draw the circuit diagram of self-bias circuit using CE configuration and explain how it

stabilizes operating point. (8)

10.Draw the small signal hybrid model of CE amplifier and derive the expression for its

AI.AV,RI and RO. (16)

UNIT III

FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS

PART A (2 Marks)

1. Draw the general shape of the Frequency response of amplifiers.

2. Define bandwidth.

3. Draw the hybrid _ equivalent circuit of BJTs.

4. Define base spreading resistance (rbb’).

5. Define rise time

6. Give the relationship between rise time and bandwidth.

7. What are high frequency effects?

8. What is the difference in bandwidth between single stage and multistage amplifiers?

9. Give the expressions for gain bandwidth product for voltage and current.

10. What do you mean by amplifier rise time?

11. What results in a sag?

PARTB( 16 Marks)

1. Derive the expression for the CE short circuit current gain of transistor at high frequency (16)

2. i)What is the effect of Cb’e on the input circuit of a BJT amplifier at High frequencies? (8)

ii)Derive the equation for gm which gives the relation between gm, Ic and temperature. (8)

3. Draw the high frequency hybrid –_ model for a transistor in the CE configuration and explain

the significance of each component. Define alpha cut off frequency. (16)

4. Draw the high frequency equivalent circuit of FET amplifier and derive all the parameters

related to its frequency response. (16)

5. Using hybrid _ model for CE amplifier derive the expression for its short circuit

current gain. (16)

6.i) Define the frequency response of multistage amplifier and derive its upper and lower cut-off

frequencies. (8)

ii) How does Rise and Sag time related to cut-off frequencies and prove the same. (8)

7.Discuss the low frequency response and the high frequency response of

an amplifier. (16)

1. Explain the operation of high frequency common source FET amplifier with neat diagram. Derive the expression for (i) voltage gain (ii) input admittance (iii) input capacitance (iv) output admittance. (16)

UNIT IV

LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS

PART A (2 Marks)

1. Define Large signal amplifier.

2. What are applications of power amplifier?

3. What are the features of large signal amplifiers?

4. What are the classification of large signal amplifiers?

5. What is class A amplifier?

6. What is class A amplifier?

7. What is class C amplifier?

8. What is class AB amplifier?

9. What is the construction of a class D amplifier?

10. What are the classification of Class A amplifier?

11. What are the advantages of directly coupled class A amplifier?

12. What are the advantages of transformer coupled class A amplifier?

13. What is frequency distortion?

14. Define heat sink.

15. What is theoretical maximum conversion efficiency of class A power amplifier.16. What is distortion in power amplifiers.

PART B

1. With neat circuit diagram explain the working principle of complementary symmetry class-B amplifier and (16)

2. Explain and obtain the efficiency of transformer – coupled class A power amplifier.

3.Prove that the maximum efficiency of Push Pull class B amplifier is 78.5%. (16)

4. i) Compare class A, class B and class C power amplifier based on their performance

characteristics (8)

ii) Explain the significance of heat sinks for thermal stability. (8)

5. What is the difference between a voltage amplifier and a power amplifier? (16)

6. Differentiate Class S from Class D amplifier and derive the efficiency of

Class D amplifier. (16)

7. (i) Explain the operation of the transformer coupled class A audio power amplifier.(12)

(ii) Explain the terms conversion efficiency and maximum value of efficiency used in

audio power amplifiers.(4)

8. Explain the operation of the class-B push pull power amplifier with neat

diagram and list its advantages.

UNIT V

RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES

PART A (2 Marks)

1. Compare the halfwave and fullwave rectifiers2. What are the advantages of SMPS3. Differentiate between voltage multipliers and voltage regulator 4. What is the need for voltage regulators5. What is the need for over voltage protection6. What is PIV rating of full wave bridge rectifier7. What is line regulation8. Derive form factor and peak factor9. Draw the circuit diagram of LC filter10. Define TUF11. Define voltage regulation12. What is meant by ripple factor13. Write the advantages of linear voltage regulator

PART B

1. Explain the circuit of voltage regulator and also discuss the short circuit

protection mechanism.

2. Explain the power control method using SCR.(8) 3. Design zener regulator for following specification Vin=8v to 12v; Vo=10v,

RL=10kO. Assume that zener diode is ideal. (8)

4. Explain how zener diode acts as a regulator (6)5. Draw the ripple factor for FWR with capacitor filter.

6. Draw and explain the working principles of a SMPS circuit with its output waveforms. (16)

7. Derive the expression for output voltage , average output ,PIV ,efficiency and TUF for full wave and bridge rectifier.

8. Derive the expression for output voltage , average output ,PIV ,efficiency and TUF for half wave and bridge rectifier.

9. Explain the operation of Voltage multiplier.

ASSIGNMENT TOPICS

ASSIGNMENT-1

1. Explain the AC and DC Analysis of Common Emitter amplifier with emitter

Feed back resistance and by pass capacitance.

(1)Basic Common Emitter amplifier explanation with diagram

(2)Ac and dc analysis with equivalent circuits

(3)Ac and dc analysis with emitter feed back resistance

(4)Ac and dc analysis with by pass capacitance

(5)All the parameters in the analysis are to be given with a relation.

2. Determine Vce and Ic in the Voltage divider Biased Transistor circuit of fig 1

ASSIGNMENT-II

(1) Discuss the working of a basic emitter coupled differential amplifier circuit (2) Compare CB, CE and CC amplifiers. (3) Draw the small signal hybrid model of CE amplifier and derive the expression for its

AI.AV,RI and RO.

(4) What are the methods to improve the CMRR of differential amplifier?

Detail any two of them. (16)

ASSIGNMENT-III

(1) How does Rise and Sag time related to cut-off frequencies and prove the same

(2) Derive the expression for the CE short circuit current gain of transistor at high frequency

(3) Explain the operation of high frequency common source FET amplifier with neat diagram. Derive the expression for (i) voltage gain (ii) input admittance (iii) input capacitance (iv) output admittance.

(4) . Using hybrid _ model for CE amplifier derive the expression for its short circuit

current gain

ASSIGNMENT-IV

(1). Explain the operation of the transformer coupled class A audio power amplifier.

(2). Explain the terms conversion efficiency and maximum value of efficiency used in

audio power amplifiers.

(3). Explain the operation of the class-B push pull power amplifier with neat

diagram and list its advantages

(4). Compare class A, class B and class C power amplifier based on their performance

characteristics

ASSIGNMENT-V

(1). Design zener regulator for following specification Vin=8v to 12v; Vo=10v,

RL=10kO. Assume that zener diode is ideal.

(2) Derive the expression for output voltage , average output ,PIV ,efficiency and TUF

for half wave and bridge rectifier.

(3) Explain the power control method using SCR