8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
1/80
NRPJTFUC^J EMBGCEJH
Ugjhh Gbncrg Cknru~pcjh Efkurh~jk~
@ruj Tfhsrpb~mjkb^blkfhfic Gjkrajl~rpnjk J hcljuck j
ubpc ~blkfhfic
5
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
2/80
NJA^JP CUC
Tbkijk~jp
@jmjk @jlr @ruj `bp`jucu Cufesjkj~b
0+: Tfhscufesjkj~b
0+0 Tfhsfhu
0+5 @hfycki jibk~
0+> Lj~jhcu
0+2 Urpaje~jk~
0+1 Btflucnj
0+9 Ahjgb pb~jpnjk~
Tbg`rj~jk @ruj Tfhsrpb~mjkb
5+: Ubncjjk
5+0 Tpfubu rk~rl ubncjjk Tfhsrpb~mjkb
Obkcu @ruj Rpb~mjkb
>+: @ruj Rpb~mjkb ahb}c`bh
>+:+0 @ruj uhj`u~fel
>+:+5 @ruj Rpb~mjkb ahb}c`hb ~bpeb~jl
>+:+> Bhju~pfgbp
>+:+2 Ck~bpipjh ulck
>+:+1 Tbkibg`jki kfk EAE
>+:+9 @ruj qcuefbhju~cu njk bkbpis jnufp`cki
>+:+= @ruj `bp`jucu tfhsfhb~ckce tfhsfh>+0 @ruj ubgc pcicn
>+0+: Tpfubu gjkrajl~rp
>+0+0 Jthcljuc
>+5 @ruj Pcicn
>+5+: Tbkijk~jp
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
3/80
>+5+0 Tbpucjtjk ubncjjk
>+5+5 ^blkcl Tpfnrluc
>+5+> Ucaj~'ucaj~
>+> Prtj'prtj `ruj rpb~mjkb sjki hjck
>+>+: @ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn gfncacljuc cufesjkj~b
>+>+0 @ruj rpb~mjkb ahb}c`bh gfncacljuc cufesjkj~b
>+>+5 @ruj CTK `jucu rpb~mjkb
>+>+> @ruj ms`pcn `jucu rpb~mjkb
>+>+2 @ruj f}ffmcnpfkb&rpb~mjkb
Jnc~ca( Achhbp njk Pbckafpebgbk~
2+: Tbkijk~jp
2+0 Jk~cu~j~ce
2+5 @hfycki jibk~
2+> Lj~jhcu
2+2 Acpb pb~jpnjk~
2+1 Gfhn pbhbjub jibk~
2+9 Krehbj~cki jibk~
2+= Pbckafpebgbk~
2+3 U~j`chcbp
2+:4 Urpaje~jk~
Gb~fnb gjkrajl~rp
1+: Tbkijk~jp
1+0 Gfhncki
1+5 Utpjscki
1+> Apf~mcki
1+2 Hjgckj~cki1+1 U~pre~rpjh afjg
1+9 Usk~b~mce afjg
1+= Afjg ck thjeb
Gb~fnb Tbkirocjk
9+: Tbkijk~jp
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
4/80
9+0 Lfgtchjuc gb~fnb u~jknjp
9+5 Gb~fnb Tbkirocjk
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
5/80
@J@ C
TBKIJK^JP
Tfhsrpb~jmbk nc~bgrljk tbp~jgj ljhc fhbm F~~f @jsbpk njk pbljk
tjnj ~jmrk :319+ Ubgbkojl c~r tfhsrpb~mjkb ~bpru `bplbg`jki gbkojnc
`jmjk sjki gbgchclc lbhju ~bpubkncpc unjk gbgchclc `jksjl lbirkjjk+
Kjgj tfhsrpb~mjkb nc~rprkljk njpc b~msh ejp`jgj~b sjki nclbkjh
ub`jijc rpb~mjkb+
Tfhsrpb~mjkb ubhjck gbgchclc pjk~jc rpb~mjkb orij gbkijknrki
iriru jgcnb( rpbj( b~mbp njk bu~bp+ Pjk~jc rpb~mjkb ~bp`bk~rl ub`jijc
mjuch pbjluc jk~jpj iprt rpb~mjkb njk iriru jhlfmfh+ @bp`jijc gjejg
lbhju tfhsrpb~mjkb ncnjtj~ljk nbkijk tbkifk~pfhjk j~ju qjpcj`bh
pbjl~jk jk~jpj hjck< `bpj~ gfhblrh( lfgtfucuc njk arkiucksj+
Tfhsrpb~jmkb mjuch pbjluc ckc jljk gbgchclc obkcu njk ucaj~ sjki utbucacl
Ujhjm uj~r ucaj~ sjki tbk~cki njpc tfhsrpb~jmb njhjm ahbluc`chc~ju+
Ucaj~ ckc sjki gbkfkofh ubmckiij tfhsrpb~mjkb gbkojnc `ruj uck~b~cl njk
ncirkjljk njhjg `bp`jijc jthcljuc ljpb~( efj~cki njk tbpblj~+Jthcljuc
tpjl~cu tfhsrpb~jmbk njtj~ lc~j ~bgrljk njhjg `cnjki f~fgf~ca(
arpkc~rp( ckurhjuc tjkju njk cknru~pc ubtj~r+
@ruj ahbluc`bh gbprtjljk `cnjki cknru~pc r~jgj njpc tfhsrpb~jkb+
@ruj ahbluc`bh nctpfnrluc nbkijk ejpj gbkifk~pfh blutjkuc iju ubhjgj
tpfubu tfhcgbpcujuc+ @ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh ncnbujck ftbk ebhhbn(
efk~fmksj tjnj tbkibg`rkijk njpc `juj sjki `bpblutjkuc( ubh jljk
~bp`rlj gbg`bk~rl u~prl~rp sjki ~bplfgtfucuc njpc ojpckijk tfhcgbp
sjki ujhcki `bpmr`rkijk+Ucaj~'ucaj~ `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb ~bpijk~rki njpc ljpjl~bp ljpb~
-bhju~fgbp# tfhsgbp sjki ~bpljknrki njhjg `ruj+ Jthcljuc njpc `ruj
ahb}c`bh tfhsrpb~mjkb ~bphcmj~ njhjg ijg`jp :+:
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
6/80
Ijg`jp :+: Jthcljuc @ruj Tfhsrpb~mjkb
Tpfnrluc lfgbpucjh `ruj tfhsrpb~mkb nchjlrljk tbp~jgj ljhc tjnj
~jmrk :32>( nbkijk gbkiirkjljk cufesjkj~b jpfgj~cu njk tfhsfh
tfhcbu~bp+ Lbhbgjmjk r~jgj `ruj obkcu ckc jnjhjm ~cnjl ~jmjk ~bpmjnjt
lbhbg`j`jk njk urmr ncgjkj `ruj ~bpub`r~ ncirkjljk+
Ibkbpjuc lbnrj `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb jnjhjm `ruj `bp`jucu tfhsfhu
tfhcb~mbp+ ^blkfhfic ckc gjgtr gbkijuchljk `ruj sjki hb`cm `jcl( ~jmjk
hjgj njk ksjgjk+ Lbgjorjk r~jgj njpc ~blkfhfic tfhsrpb~mjkb jnjhjm
tbkiirkjjk ucu~bg fkb umf~( sjki gbkiirkjljk lj~jhcu `jpr jk
urpaje~jk~ `bp`jucu uchcefkb+ Njhjg tpfubu fkb umf~( cufesjkj~b(
tfhsfhu( jcp njk ljknrkijk sjki hjck ubejpj ebtj~ njk ck~bkuca ncejgtrp
njk ubibpj nc~rjki rk~rl gbkij~rp tbg`rujjk+Ubhjgj hcgj nbljnb ~bpjlmcp ~blkfhfic tfhsrpb~mjkb `bplbg`jki
hb`cm tbuj~+ Ubgrj ncnjujpljk rk~rl gbkckilj~ljk lbgjgtrjk
tpfubuksj( hjor tpfnrluc njk gbkbljk `cjsj nbkijk ~b~jt gbkojij
lbtrujk lfkurgbk ~bpmjnjt ucaj~ tbpafpgj `ruj+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
7/80
Tpfnrluc `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh njtj~ nchjlrljk nbkijk ejpj
gbljkcu( acuclj njk lcgcj+ @b`bpjtj gb~fnb sjki `cjuj ncirkjljk
jk~jpj hjck?
:+ Nblfgtfucuc ~bpgjh njpc `hfycki jibk~ sjki gbkcg`rhljkiju kc~pfibk j~jr ljp`fk ncflucnj j~jr lbnrjksj nbkijk
gbkiirkljk tjkju j~jr gbprtjljk mjuch njpc pbjluc
bluf~bpgjh ubhjgj tpfubu tfhcgbpcujuc
0+ Tbkcrtjk iju ubejpj gbljkcu -apf~mcki# lb njhjg ucu~bgtfhcgbp -hbhbmjk( hjpr~jk j~jr urutbkuc# sjki gbkibpju(
`jcl nbkijk jluc lj~jhcu gjrtrk tjkju j~jrtrk lbnrjksj
sjki lbgrncjk gjgtr gbkob`jl iju njhjg gj~pclu
tfhcgbp+
5+ Tbkirjtjk njpc ejcpjk sjki gbgcgchclc ~c~cl ncncm pbknjmubtbp~c ahrfpfejp`fk( j~jr gb~mchbk ehfpcnb njhjg gjuj
tfhcgbp ub`jijc mjuch tjkju pbjluc bluf~bpgjh j~jr
gbkiirkjljk tjkju+
>+ Tbkirjtjk iju sjki ncmjuchljk njpc tjkju pbjlucbluf~bpgjh ubhjgj tpfubu tfhcgbpcujuc ubtbp~c sjki ~bponc
njhjg pbjluc cufesjkj~b nbkijk jcp gbg`bk~rl
ljp`fkncflucnj+
2+ Blutjkuc njpc iju sjki hjpr~ njhjg gjuj tfhcgbp ljpbkjtbkirpjkijk ~bljkjk ucu~bg
1+ Tbgjkajj~jk mfhhfy gcepfutmbpb lb njhjg gjuj tfhcgbp+Mfhhfy njtj~ gbhctr~c mfhhfy ihju gjrtrk mfhhfy thju~ce+
9+ Tbkibg`jkijk iju sjki `bpcuc hbg`jpjk nbkijk jthcljuctjkju j~jr blutjkuc njpc hbg`jpjk ~bpub`r~ njhjg gjujtfhcgbp nbkijk tjkju pbjluc+
^blkfhfic tpfnrluc `ruj ntj~ nchjlrljk nbkijk `bp`jijc gjejg
~blkcl ub`jijcgjkj `bpclr~?
:+ Tpfnrluc uhj`u~fel ubejpj lfk~ckr nbkijk tbkrjkijkj~jrcgtbkicgbk~( gbkiirkjljk gbuck `ruj grh~c lfgtfkbk+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
8/80
0+ Tbkeb~jljk lfgtpbuc `ruj5+ Pbje~cfk'Ckobe~cfk Gfhncki -PCG# `cjujksj nbkijk
tbksrk~cljk -cgtbkicgbk~#
>+ Afjgcki ck'thjeb nbkijk tbkrjkijk njpc nrj j~jr grh~cmbjn
2+ Tbksbgtpf~jk `ruj -utpjscki fa afjg#1+ Blu~prluc `ruj gbkiirkjljk `jmjk hbg`jpjk j~jr tjhb~9+ Ckobluc gfhncki njpc hbg`jpjk j~jr tjhb~ sjki gbkibg`jki=+ Pf~j~cfkjh eju~cki fa afjg3+ Apf~mcki fa afjg:4+ Tpfnre~cfk fa afjg efgtfuc~b::+ Hjgckj~cfk fa afjg:0+ Tpbectc~j~cfk fa afjg tpfebuu
Ub`jijc ej~j~jk mjgtcp ubgrj ~bpgfthju~cl njk pbuck ~bpgfub~ ntj~
nctpfnrluc njhjg `bk~rl ubhrhjp nbkijk ejpj ubtbp~c ~bpub`r~ ncj~ju+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
9/80
@J@ CC
@JMJK @JLR @RUJ @BP@JUCU CUFESJKJ^B
0+ :+ Tbkijk~jpBpj jgjk thju~cl ncgrhjc nbkijk grkerhksj `ruj thju~cl(
tbpcfnb ckc nclbkjh ub`jijc jgjk `ruj thju~cl+ @ruj thju~cl nckjgjljk
orij b}tjknbn thju~ce( ebhhrhjp thju~ce j~jr afpgbn thju~ce njk
ncnjhjgksj ~bpgjurl orij ~mbpgfthju~cl njk ~bpgfub~~cki+
@ruj ~bpgfub~~cki gbprtjljk `ruj sjki ~cnjl gbgchclc ucaj~
~mbpgfthju~cl+ Uburjc nbkijk mjh c~r( `ruj ~bpgfub~~cki ~cnjl mjksj
gbhctr~c `ruj epfuu'hcklbn ~b~bjtc orij `ruj tfhcgbpcl hckbjp+ ^bpgjurl
`ruj obkcu ckc jk~jpj hjck `ruj ejp`cgcnb njk `ruj tfhsgcnb+ @ruj ckc
~cnjl gbhbhbm njk lbg`jhc gbkojnc `jmjk ljpbkj tbgjkjujk+
Lb`jksjljk `ruj ~bpgfub~~cki ncucjtljk nbkijk tbkscjtjk
afpgjuc tfhcgbp njk tbgrkerhjk iju+ Mjh ckc gbprtjljk tpckuct
tbg`rj~jk `ruj ~bpgfub~~cki ub`jijcgjkj ijg`jp 0+:
Gfkfgbp
@hfycki
Jibk~ Tfhsgbpafpgj~cfk
jkn ju bkbpj~cfk
Ijg`jp 0+: Gbljkcugb tbg`rj~jk `ruj ~bpgfub~~cki
Tjnj tpckuctksj ub~cjt pbjluc tbg`bk~rljk tfhcgbp njtj~
ncirkjljk rk~rl tbg`rj~jk `ruj+ Uburjc mjh ckc( gjlj ub~cjt obkcu
tfhcgbp ~bpgfub~~cki ubejpj ~bfpc~cu njtj~ ncirkjljk ub`jijc `jmjk
tbg`ruj+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
10/80
^j`bh 0+: nc`jyjm ckc gbkrkorlljk urj~r lhjucacljuc `ruj
~bpgfub~~cki+ ^j`bh 0+: orij gbgtphcmj~ljk `jmyj `ruj obkcu
tfhsrpb~mjkb gbgbchclc tjujp ~bphrju njpc ubgrj obkcu `ruj
~bpgfub~~cki+
Kf @ruj Pbjuluc Ucaj~
: Tfhsrpb~mjkb Tfhsjnnc~cfk Ahb}c`hb jkn Pcicn
0 Tfhscufesjkrpjnb Esehf~pbgcpjj~cfk Pcicn
5 Tfhsjgcnb Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Ahb}c hb jkn Pcicn
> Tspjksch Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Pcicn
2 Tfhsrpbj Tfhsjnnc~cfk Ahb}c`hb jkn Pcicn
1 Btf}s Pcki Ftbkcki
Tfhsgbpcj~cfk
Pcicn
9 Tfhcgcnb Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Ubgc Pcicn
= Tmbkfhce Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Pcicn
3 Rpbj afpgjhnbmsnb Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Pcicn
:4 Tfhsejp`fcgcnb Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Pcicn
:: Tfhsf}jfhcnfkb Pcki Ftbkcki
Tfhsjnnc~cfk
Ubgc pcicn
:0 Rkuj~rpj~bn
Tfhsbu~bp
Pjncejh
Tfhsgbpcuj~cfk
Pcicn
:5 Pr``bp -Kj~rpjh jkn
Usk~mb~ce#
Qrhejkcj~cfk Ahb}c`bh
:> Qcuefub Pbibkjpc~fk fa
ebhhrufhqb
Ahb}c`bh
:2 Tfhsqckch jhefmfh Afpgjh Afpgj~cfk Ahb}c`bh
@ruj tfhscufesjkj~b( `ruj tfhsrpbj njk `ruj tmbkfhce
`bplbg`jki ujkij~ tbuj~ ujj~ ckc+ @ruj rpbj afpgjhnbmsnb ubljpjki
urnjm gbkimchjki njpc tjujpjk ~bpr~jgj nc RUJ+@ruj ljpb~ njk `ruj
tspjkch urnjm ~cnjl ~bpubncj njhjg tjujp nrkcj+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
11/80
0+0 Tfhscufesjkj~b
Tfhscufesjkj~b jnjhjm ubksjyj sjki ujkij~ pbjl~ca+
Tfhscufesjkj~b gbprtjljk `jmjk njpc `bp`jijc gjejg ac`bp(
pbuck( ljpb~( `ruj( efj~cki njk jnmbucqb nbkijk pbjluc
tfhsjnnc~cfk( tfhsefknbkuj~cfk gjrtrk tfhsgbpcj~cfk+
Tfhscufesjkj~b njtj~ ncirkjljk rk~rl tbg`rj~jk `ruj
`bp`jucu cufesjkj~b ~bpr~jgj njpc ubksjyj jpfgj~ce njk ub`jicjk
jhctmj~ce j~jr jpjhlsh tfhscufesjpj~b+ Tfhcufesjkj~b nctjujpljk
njhjg `bk~rl ^NC njk GNC+ U~prl~rp `bp`jijc gjejg
Tfhscufesjkj~b sjki nctjujpljk ~bphcmj~ njhjg ~j`hb 0+0+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
12/80
^NC ncirkjljk ubejpj hrju ub`jijc ahb}c`hb tfhsrpb~mjkb+
Ubnjkiljk GNC grpkc rk~rl efj~cki njk ljpb~+ ^NC gfncafljuc
njk GNC gfncacljuc ncirkjljk rk~rl `ruj ahb}c`hb mcim
pbucu~bkeb+ Ubnjkiljk Tfhsgbpce cufesjkj~b -GNC Tfhsgbpce j~jr
GNC Fhcifgbpce# ub`jicjk `bujp ncirkjljk rk~rl ubncjjk
rpb~mjkb pcicn njk `ruj cufesjkj~b njk ub`jicjk rk~rl `ruj
ahb}c`hb njk ubgc ahb}c`hb+ Njhjg ^j`bh 0+5 njk 0+> ncobhjuljk ucaj~
acucl GNC njk ^NC
^NC Cufgbp Pj~cf -0(>&0(1'#
:44 =4?04 12?52
Tmsucejh u~j~b j~ kfpgjh ~bgt Hczrcn&ufhcn Hczrcn Hczrcn
Qcuefuc~s -gTj u j~ 02 E# 5'1 5'1 5'1
Efhfp / /
Fnfp // //
Utbecace ipjqc~s -i&gh# j~ 02E# :+0: :+0: :+0:
@fchcki ^bgt -E# 02: 02: 02:
Ahjum ^bgt -E# :52 :52 :52
Acpb ^bgt -E# :>0 :>0 :>0
Apbbcki ^bgt-E# 00 00 00
Qjtfp nbkuc~s-E# 1+4 1+4 1+4
Qjtfp Tpbuurpb -g`jp j~ 02E# 4+45 4+45 4+45
Gfhberhjp ybcim~ :9>+0 :9>+0 :9>+0
/ 7 efhfphbuu ~f tjhb sbhhfy
// 7 emjpje~bpcu~ce trkibk~
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
13/80
GNC Gfkfgbpce GNC Tfhsgbpce
Tmsucejh u~j~b j~ kfpgjh ~bgt ufhcn Hczrcn&fchs
Qcuefuc~s -gTj u j~ 02 E# ' :44'044
Efhfp Tr~cm un lrkcki Eflhj~ ibhjt
Utbecace ipjqc~s -i&gh# j~ 02E# :+00 ->54E# :+05
@fchcki ^bgt -E# :9: tjnj :+55 g`jp
044 tjnj 1+11 g`jp
054 nbefgtfucuc
^bptfhcgbpcujuc
ublc~jp 0144E
lbhrjpljk EF
Ahjum ^bgt -E# :33 ;044
Acpb ^bgt -E# 050 ;044Apbbcki ^bgt-E# 5= 8:4
Qjtfp nbkuc~s-E# =+2 =+2
Gb~fnb lfkqbkucfkjh rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc cufesjkj~b
fpijkce `bpnjujp tjnj tpfubu tmfuibkj~cfk njpc jgjckb jpfgj~ce
j~jr jhctmj~ce ub`jijcgjkj pbjluc `bpclr~?
P'KM0 , EFEH0 P'KEF , 0MEh
Nbyjuj ckc ~bhjm `bplbg`jki gb~fnb tmfuibkb'apbb sjki
ncirkjljk rk~rl gbg`rj~ cufesjkj~b fpijkcl+ Ujhjm uj~r
gb~fnbksj gbhctr~c pbnrluc ljp`fgchjuc njpc ubksjyj kc~pf
nbkijk lb`bpjnjjk gfkfjhlfmfh rk~rl gbkimjuchljk ubksjyj
rpb~mjkb( ncclr~c nbkijk tbkirpjcjk ~bpgjh njpc ubksjyj gb~jkb
sjki ncmjuchljk( ub`ijcgjkj `bpclr~ ckc?
P'KF0 5EF,P'FM P'KM'EF'F'P , 0EF0
P'KM'EF'F'P P'KEF ,P'FM
Gb~fnb ncj~ju nclbg`jkiljk fhbm JPEF rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc ^NC+
Rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc GNC Jujmc embgcejh Cknru~pc
gbkibg`jkiljk gb~fnb flucnj~ca ejp`fkshj~cfk+ Tpfubu c~r
gbhctr~c ?
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
14/80
:+ Ljpkfkchjuc njk Flucnjuc0+ Lfknbkujuc5+ Nblfgtfucuc njpc tpfnrl pbjluc lfknbkujucPbjlucksj ub`jijcgjkj ncijg`jpljk `bpclr~ ckc
:+ Ljp`fkchjuc njk Flucnjuc
0+ LfknbkujucHjkiljm : ? Lfknbkujuc
Hjkiljm 0 ? ck~bpgfhberhjp ~pjkuabp Pbje~cfk
5+ Nblfgtfucuc njpc tpfnrl pbjluc lfknbkujuc
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
15/80
0+5 Tfhsfhu
Tfhsfhu rk~rl `ruj rpb~mjkb jnjhjm ubksjyj fhcifgbp j~jr
tfhcgbp sjki gbgchclc ub~cnjlksj nrj iriru mcnpf}sh+ Tfhsfhu
ckc gbhctr~c tfhsb~mbp tfhsfh( tfhsbu~bp tfhsfh( tfhsfhback
`bprorki mcnpf}sh njk gcksjl qbib~j`bh sjki gbkijknrki
mcnpfluch+
0+5+: Tfhsfhu Tfhsb~mbp
Tfhsfh sjki tjhcki `jksjl ncirkjljk rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj
rpb~mjkb jnjhjm tfhsfhu tfhsb~mbp+ Tfhsfhu tfhsbu~bp mjksj
ncirkjljk njhjg jthcljuc lmruru+ Lbrk~rkijk njk lbhb`cmjk
tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp jnjhjm ljpbkj tchcmjk lbubrjcjk njk `bpj~
sjki ubcg`jki( qculfuc~ju sjki hb`cm pbknjm njpc tfhsf
tfhcbu~bp lfkqbkucfkjh( `cjsj tpfnrluc sjki hb`cm grpjm njpc
tjnj tfhcbu~bp jhcaj~cl( njk `ruj sjki ncmjuchljk ~jmjk
~bpmjnjt msnpfhcucu+
Tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp nc`rj~ njpc tfhcgbpcujuc jkcfkcl njpc flucnj
jhljhck( ubtbp~c efk~fmksj tpftchbk flucnj njk j~jr b~mchbk
flucnj nbkijk lb`bpjnjjk njpc urj~r ckc~cj~fp njk lj~jhcu(
ub`jijcgjkj nctbphcmj~ljk tjnj pbjluc `bpclr~?
Ncgjkj P'-FM#a gbkrkorlljk ckcucj~fp sjki gbprtjljk tfhsfh
nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh pckijk njk gbgtrksjc 0'= arki~cfkjhc~s( sjki nc~rkorlljk ub`jijc `bpclr~-arki~cfkjhc~s njhjg
tjpbk~mbucu#?
B~mshbk ihslfh -0#
Ihsebpfh -5#
^pcgb~mshfhtpftjkb -5#
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
16/80
:(0(1 mb}jkc~pcfh -5#
~pcb~mjkfhjgckb -5#
Tbk~mjbps~mps~fh ->#
Jkchckb -0#
^fhrbkbncjgckb ->#
Jhtmj gb~msh ihrefucnb ->#
Ufp`c~fh -1#
Urepfub -=#
Ckcucj~fp njtj~ `bpobkcu hjck njpc ubksjyjjnc~ca sjki
gbkijknrki mcnpfibk( ubgjejg jgckb jhctmj~cl j~jr
jpfgj~cl+
Lbuburjcjk njk `bpj~ sjki ubcg`jki njpc tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp
`bpqjpcjuc hrju+ Mjh ckc sjki gbkojncljk tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp
gbkojnc tchcmjk r~jgj njhjg tpfnrluc tfhs rpb~mjkb gcujh
`ruj pcicn( a
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
17/80
Nbkijk jnjksj lj~jhcu njtj~ ncgrkilckljk rk~rl
gbg`rj~ tfhsfh nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh ~ckiic gcujh :4+444 j~jr
nbkijk lj~jhcu hjck tfhsbu~bp ncfh nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh 04+444
njk tfhsbu~bp ~pcfh nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh 54+444+
Gb~fnb hjck sjki ncirkjljk rk~rl gbg`brj~ tfhsfh
tfhsbu~bp jnjhjm tfhcgbpcujuc pcki ~bp`rlj b~mbp uclhcl+ Ubtbp~c
~bp~pjmsnpfarpjk( rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc tfhs~b~pj gb~mshbk b~mbp
ihslfh j~jr tfhs-f}s~b~pjgb~mshbk#ihslfh -T^GI# ub`jijcgjkj
`bpclr~ ckc?
Tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp gfncacljuc ~bhjm grkerh jlmcp'jlmcp ckc
ubtbp~c gcujh tfhsfhj tfhsb~mbp ipja~ -Tfhsgbp tfhsfh( eftfhsgbp
tfhsfh# tbp~jgj ljhc nclbg`jkiljk fhbm Rkcfk Ejp`bn Efpt+
Tfhsfh ncutbpuc tfhsrpbj -TMN tfhsfhu( Tfhsmjpku~faa
ncutbpucfk Tfhsfh# nlbg`jkiljk fhbm Gf`js Efpt+ Tfhsfh TMn
`cjujksj nctpfnrluck nbkijk gbkjg`jmljk ^NC lb njhjg
tfhsfh tfhsbb~mbp sjki gbkijknrki mcnpjck nbkijk
tbkijnrljk ~b~jt+ Tfhsfhu ~bpub`r~ ujkij~ efefl ncirkjljk
rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj ahb}c`bh ~bpeb~jl njk `rjuj mcim
pbucu~bkeb -MP# sjki gbgtrksjc ucaj~ hfjn `bjpcki -~jmjk
`b`jk#+
Tfhsfhu ipja~ gbhctr~c ipja~ jlpskfhc~pcl ubtp~c orijjepshfkc~cl njk tfhsfh tfhsb~mbp ipja~ u~spbkb+ Tpfubk~juc
ipja~ksj ublc~jp 04'0:" tjnj ujj~ ncgjkj `jmjk ~bpub`r~
ubejpj lfgbpucjh ~bpubncj+
0+5+0 Tfhsfh Tfhsbu~bp
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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Tfhsfh tfhsbu~bp rk~rl `ruj rpb~jmjkb njk `ruj tfhcgbp
gbhctr~c ?
j+ Tfhcbu~bp sjki nc`rj~ nbkijk gbpbjlucljk jujgnc`juce ubtbp~c jujg jnctj~( jujg tm~jhj~ jnjg jujg
ub`jebj~ nbkijk ihclfh ubtbp~c b~chbk ihclfh( tpftchbk
ihclfh( :(>'`r~jncbkfh( :(1'mb}jgbncfh+
`+ Tfhcbu~bp jhcaj~cl nc`rj~ nbkijk tfhcgbpcujuc pcki~bp`rlj hjl~fkb ubtp~c btuchfkb'ejtpfhje~fkb
e+ Tfhcbu~bp jpfgj~cl nc`rj~ nbkijk ~pjkubu~bpcacljuc njpcpblhjcgcki ~bpbtm~jhj~b tfhsb~mbhbkb j~jr pbucnr
ncu~chjuc njpc ncgb~msh~bpbtm~jhj~b+
Tfhcbu~bp j njk ` ncirkjljk rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj
ahbluc`bh bhju~fgb~ -ljpb~#
0+5+5 Tfhsfh sjki hjck
Gcksjl qbib~j`hb sjki gbkijknrki iriru mcnpfluch ubgcujh
gcksjl lju~fp sjki ncirkjljk rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj ahb}c`hb
tjnj yjl~r jyjh bpj cknru~pc tfhcrpb~mjkb( ~b~jtc ubljpjki
urnjm ~cnjl ncirkjljk hjic+
Tfhsfh sjki `jpr ubtbp~c tfhsfh tfhc ljp`fkj~ -Nrpjejp`( TTI
ckn+Cke#( Tfhsfh sjki gbkijknrki msnjk~pck -Njk~fufh#+Tfhsfh
tfhsflacfkcl njk tfhsfh mcnpfibkjuc gcujhksj Tfhs~jch ujj~ ckc
urnjm ~bpubncj ub`jijc tpfnrl sjki nctbpnjijkiljk+
0+> @hfycki Jibk~
Tbgrkerhjk iju jnjhjm mjh sjki ujkij~ tbk~cki njhjg
tbg`rj~jk thju~cl `ruj+ Njhjg tbpucjtjk tbg`rj~jk `ruj~bpgfub~~cki ncirkjljk nrj gjejg `hfycki jibk~ sjc~r `hfycki jibk~
acuclj njk lcgcj j~jr lfg`ckjuc njpc lbnrjksj+
0+>+: @hfycki Jibk~ Lcgcj
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
19/80
Pbjluc tbgrkerhjk ij ubejpj lfkqbkucfkjhrk~rl `ruj
rpb~jmjkb ahbluc`bh gbprtjljk pbjluc jk~jpj jcp njk cufesjkj~+Pbjluc
lcgcjksj jnjhjm ub`jijc `bpclr~ ?
0P'KEF , M0F EF0 ,P'KM'EF'KM'P
Pbjluc gbgjhrc nrj ~jmjt sjlkc tbgrkerhjk iju ljp`fk ncflucnj
nbkijk tbg`bk~rljk ubejpj ucgrh~jk pjk~jc rpbj ur`~c~ruc+
@hfycki jibk~ sjki ncirkjljk gbhctr~c ubksjyj sjki `bpclr~ ckc?
j+ Ubksjyj bkfhcj`hb ubtbp~c kc~pfjhljkj -kc~pfb~mjkb( kc~pftpftjkb#(jhnf}cgbu -jeb~jhnf}cgbu#( kc~pfrpbj( jecn jgcnu -afpgjgcnbu(
jeb~jgcnbu#(ubksjyj jl~ca sjki gbkijknrki gb~mshbk(
jeb~mshje~fkb( b~msh jeb~fjeb~j~b#
`+ @fpce jecnJnj orij `hfycki jibk~ `jpr( fhcifgbp tfhsb~mbp sjki `bprorki
ljp`fluch+ Irirj ljp`fluch njpc jibk~ ~bpub`r~ `bpbjluc nbkijk kiriru
cufesjkj~ sjki gbkimjuchljk EF0+
0+>+0 @hfycki Jibk~ Acuclj
@bp`bnj nbkij `hfycki jibk~ lcgcj ubtbp~c jcp( `hfycki jibk~
acucljgbgchclc lbrkiirhjk ubtbp~c `bpclr~ ?
j+ `jicjk pbjluc bluf~bpg mchjki nbkijk tbkirjtjk+@hfycki jibk~acuclj njk `ruj pburh~jk -mjuch# `bplrpjki lbtrnjpjk yjpkjksj(
pbuclf lb`jljpjk njk uefpemcki+
`+ Qculfuc~ju hb`cm pbknjm( gjlj `ruj tfrp ck thjeb njtj~nchjlujkjljk+
e+ @b`bpjtj `hfycki jibk~ acuclj -EAE'::# gbgchclc ucaj~ ckurhjuc~bpgjh sjki hb`cm ~ckiic njpctjnj sjki gbgjljc jcp
@hfycki jibk~ acuclj ~bplhjucacljuc gbkojnc ?' EAE -Emhfpfahrfpf Ejp`fk#' MEAE -Msnpfemhfpf ahrfpf ejp`fk#' MAB -Msnpfahrfpfejp`fk b~mbpu#' Ejcpjk fpijkcl sjki ~cnjl gbkijknrki ahrfpckb
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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@hfycki jibk~ ahrfpckjuc njtj~ orij ncirkjljk rk~rl
gbkibg`jkiljk `ruj tfhscufesjkj~( `ruj tfhsf}ffhcnfkb njk `ruj
tfhsrpbj+
EAE( ~bpr~jgj EAE':: ~bhjm gbkojnc `hfycki jibk~ sjki mjknjh
`jcl rk~rl `ruj rpb~mjkb sjki pcicn gjrtrk ahbluc`bh+Fhbm ljpbkj
tpfubu tbkctcujk hjtcujk ffkb gjlj tbkiirkjjk EAE nc`j~juc
ujgtjc ~jmrk :332 ujoj+
MEAE( gbprtjljk `hfycki jibk~ jh~bpkj~ca rk~rl EAE+ Rk~rl ujj~
ckc MEAE lmruruksj MEAE':>:` jnjhjm jh~bpkj~ca ~bp`jcl `hfycki
jibk~ tbkiijk~c EAE'::+ MEAE gbgchclc mjpij sjki hb`cm gjmjh njk
gjucm njtj~ gbksb`j`ljk tbkctcujk hjtcujk ffk+ Ubmckiij tjnj
~jmrk 0404 jljk ncmchjkiljk+
MAE( `hfycki jibk~ ckc ~cnjl gbgchclc tf~bkuc gbprujl ffk+ MAE
sjki ncirkjljk jnjhjm MAE':5>j ub`jijc jh~bkj~ca `hfycki jibk~+
MAE 521 gbgchclc ~c~cl ncncm njk `bpj~ gfhblrh sjki ujgj ubtbp~c
EAE':: fhbm ljpbkj c~r gbprtjljk jh~bpkj~ca sjki `jcl rk~rl
gbkiijk~cljk EAE'::+ Ujsjkiksj tbkirpjkijk rk~rl `cjsj
tpfnrluc `bhrg obhju+
TAE( ~cnjl uj~rtr njpc TAE gbgchclc tf~bkuc gbprujl ffk+
Lblbrpjkijkksj tjnj `cjsj sjki pbhj~ca hb`cm gjmjh njk ~cnjl
lfgtj~c`bh nbkijk ljknrkijk `ruj rpb~mjkb( gcujh tfhscufesjkj~
njk tfhsfh+ Fhbm ljpbkj c~r nclbg`jkiljk ucu~bg ~ctb bgrhuc+
Gjujhjm sjki hjck sjc~r rgrp sjki tjkojki njhjg j~gfuabp ujgtjc
:44':4+444 ~jmrk sjki njtj~ gbkijlc`j~ljk tbgjkjujk ihf`jh+
MAB( ~cnjl gbgchclc tf~bkuc gbprujlffk njk gbgchclc ~c~cl ncncm
sjki ujkij~ nblj~ nbkijk EAE'::+@hfycki jibk~ kfk ahrfpfkjuc(k'tbk~jkb ~bhjm ncirkjljk nc Bpftj
rk~rl `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn+Uburjc mjuch njpc ~bu~ `b`bpjtj tbkbhc~cjk
~bhjm ncucgtrhljk ~cnjl jnjksj `jmjsj jljk jtc+ Esehftbk~jkb njtj~
orij ncirkjljk ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~+
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Jlmcp jlmcp ckc `hfycki jibk~ `bp`jucu k'tbk~jkb njpc obkcu
ejgtrpjk ~bhjm nctj~bkljk+ Tj~bk~ ~bpub`r~ gjkilhjcg tbkiirkjjk
njpc ejgtrpjk ejcpjk mcnpfljp`fk njk mcnpfljp`fk ~bplhfpckjuc
gcujh ejgtrpjk njpc k'tbk~jkb njk gb~mshbk emhfpcnb+ Gb~fnb
~bpub`r~ gbprtjljk ejpj sjki grnjm rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc `bp`jijc
gjejg `ruj pcicn+
Gb~mshbk Emfhpcnb njk tbk~jkb gbgchclc ~c~cl ncncm sjki mjgtcp
ujgj njk ejgtrpjkksj `bpbjluc hjsjlksj uj~r ufhqbk~ ujoj+
Tbkiirkjjk gb~mshbk emhfpcnb ujoj jljk gbksb`j`ljk `ruj gbkojnc
prujl+ Ejgtrpjk =4&04'34&:4 tbpubk `bpj~ njp GE&Tbk~jkb ubejpj
ur`~jkuc ~cnjl grnjm ~bp`jljp( njk njtj~ ncirkjljk rk~rl `ruj
`bp`jucu cufesjkj~b+Rk~rl `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb pcicn ejgtrpjk 24&24
tbpub` `bpj~ jnjhjm sjki efefl+ Ejgtrpjk ~bpub`r~ njtj~ gbkij~juc
lblrpjkijk `ruj pcicn jljk `hfycki jibk~ jcp :44"+
Gb~mshbk Emhfpcnb ~bhjm hjgj ncirkjljk ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~+
Rk~rl `b`bpjtj kbijpj ljpbkj jhjujk hckilrkijk gbhjlrljk
tbg`j~jujk ~bpmjnjt tbkiirkjjk gb~mshbk emhfpcnb+ Rk~rl c~r
nchjlrljk hjic tbkbhc~cjk ~bk~jki `hfycki jibk~ sjki hjck+
Ljp`fk ncflucnj ejcp ncjkorpljk ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~ `ruj
rpb~mjkb ahb}uc`bh tbkibg`jki jcp+ Msnpfljp`fk sjki gbgchclc ~c~cl
ncncm 5=':44 E ncrurhljk rk~rl ncirkjljk njhjg tpfnrluc `ruj ubha
ulck+
0+2 Lj~jhcu
@jksjl obkcu lj~jhcu rk~rl pbjluc cufesjkj~ jnj njhjg
hc~bpj~rp+@b`bpjtj ncjk~jpjksj gbgchclc ubhbl~cac~ju sjki ~ckiic rk~rl
pbjluc sjki utbucacl njk sjki hjck gbgchcc uhbl~cac~ju sjki pbknjm njk`bpjluc ub`jijc ljhj~cu rk~rl `bp`jijc gjejg pbjluc cufesjkj~b+
Tjnj lmruru tbg`rj~jk `ruj rpb~mjkb( lj~jhcu ~ck ubejpj r~jgj
gbgtpfgfucljk pbjluc jk~jpj cufesjkj~b njk iriru mcnpfluch rk~rl
gbkimjuchljk tbg`bk~rljk pbjluc rpb~mjkb( efk~fm njpc lj~jhcu ?
'U~jkkfru 0'b~msh mb}jkfj~b -EM5-EM0#5EM-E0M2#EF0#0 Uk
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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' Nc`r~sh~ck nchjrpj~b -EM5-EM0#:4EF0#0Uk--EM0#5EM5#0
Lj~jhcu ^bp~cjps Jgckb -^j`bh 0+2# gbgtbpebtj~ tpfubu pbjluc
cufesjkj~b( gbgrkerhljk pbjluc tbg`bk~rljk iju( ~b~jtc orij
gbprtjljk lj~jhcu rk~rl pbjluc mcnpfluch'cufesjkj~b
^j`bh 0+2 Lj~jhcu ~bp~cjps jgckb
:+ Jhctmj~cl ~bp~cjkjps jgckb
@cu'0 ncgb~msh jgckfb~mshbk b~mbp
K(K(K(K' ^b~pj gb~msh tpftshbk ncjgckb
K(K(K(K' ^b~pj mb}j gb~mshbk ncjgckb
K(K(K(K' ^b~pj gb~msh ncb~msh ~pcjgckb
0+ Jpfgj~ce njk Jhcesehce ~bp~cjps Jgckb
K(K'Ncgb~msh `bkch jgckb
K'Gb~msh gfptmckb
K'Gb~msh gfptmck
K(K'ncgb~mshesehfmb}shjgckb
K Gb~msh ncesehfmb}shjgckb
^pcb~mshbk ncjgkcb
:(='ncjj`cesehf(2(>(4 rknbpebkb 9 -N@F#
0 Gb~msh'0jjkfp`fpkjkb
Jlmcp'jlmcp ckc grkerh lj~jhcu rk~rl gbkrknj pbjluc sjki ncirkjljk
rk~rl gbkij~rp tpfach pbjl~cac~ju `ruj eb~jl pcicn njk ahbluc`bh+
@b`bpjtj l~jhcu ~bpub`r~ ~bp~pj njhjg ~j`bh 0+1 `bpclr~
^j`bh 0+1 Lj~jhcu rk~rl gbkrknj pbjluc -ckmc`c~fp#
j+ Tfhsej~ UJ':`+ Tfhsej~ UJ':40e+ Tfhsej~ UJ'1:4&24Rk~rl gbkimjuchljk `ruj ftbk ebhhbn sjki `jiru gjlj
lbubcg`jkijk jk~jpj nrj pbjluc sjki `bpojhjk+ Lbubcg`jkijk sjki
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~btj~ nctbphrljk ljpbkj tbp~cg`jkijk prujlksj `ruj jtj`chj
gbkibg`jki ~bphjhr ebtj~+tjnj ucuc sjki hjck jtj`chj pbjluc tbkibk~jhjk
gbhjgtjrc pbjluc gbkibg`jki( gjlj jljk ~bpojnc `ruj ubh ~bp~r~rt
-ehfubn ebhh# mjh c~r jljk gbg`rj~ `ruj gbkilbpr~ j~jr tprkcki +
Lj~jhcu nctchcm ubnbgclcjk prtj ubmckiij tfhcgbp njtj~ `bpbjluc
mckiiu gbgchclc lblrj~jk gbksbhrprm suki erlrt ~bmjnjt tpfubu
tbkibg`jkijk rk~rl gbkick~pfh lbubhrprmjk u~prl~rp ~jktj ~bpojnc
lfhjt( gbkilbpr~ njk gbhck~cp+ Mjl c~r fhbm tjpj tbkbhc~c ncub`r~
ubhbl~cac~ju+
Afpgrhj~fp `ruj tfhcrpb~mjkb ubjepj rgrg gbgchcm lj~jhcu njpc 0
lbhju r~jgj sjc~r ~bp~cjps jgckb njk gb~jh ujh~( ~bpr~jgj ~ck -~cgjm#+
Ljpbkj lbnrj lj~jhcu ~bpub`r~ `bp`bnj njhjg jl~cac~ju njk ubhbl~cac~ju
~bpmjnjt pbjluc tbg`rujjk tfhsrpb~mjkb( nrj obkcu lj~jhcu ckc
nclfg`ckjucljk ~cnjl mjksj rk~rl gbkimjuchljk lbubcg`jkijk jk~jpj
tbkibg`jkijk qbpuru tbkibk~jhjk sjki ncmjpjtlj ~b~jtc orij rk~rl
gbkij~rp pbjluc jijp uburjc nbkijk lb`r~rmjk tbpjhj~jk cknru~pc+
0+1 Urpaje~jk~
Gbprtljk `jmjk `jlr r~jgj njhjg tbg`rj~jk `ruj rpb~mjkb+
Urpaje~jk~ gbgtrksjc tbpjk r~jgj njhjg tbg`bk~rljk u~prl~rp ubh
sjki ncckiickljk(gcujh ubh mjhru( ubh ljujp( ubh ~bp~r~rt njk ubh ~bp`rlj+
U~prl~rp ubh jljk gbgtbkijprmc ucaj~ `ruj+
Urpaje~jk~ rk~rl rpb~mjkb njk `ruj tfhcgbp sjki ubobkcu
`cjujksj urpaje~jk~ uchclfk+ Tjnj rgrgksj gbprtjljk lftfhcgbp njpc
tfhs-ncgb~mshuchcefkb# -'Uc-EM5#0'F'#k( pjk~jc f}sjhlshbkb ubtbp~c pjk~jc
tfhsb~mshbk f}cnb -BF#k njpc pjk~jc tfhstpftchbk f}cnb -TF#k+ Lftfhcgbp
njtj~ hckbjp( `bpej`jki j~jr ~stb tbknjp~+urpaje~jk~ gbgtrksjc arkiuc sjki `bp`bnj ubtbp~c bgrhucascki( afjg u~j`chccki( njk lfk~pfh rlrpjk
ubh+
Ljknrkijk BF( TF njk Uc ubejpj ucikcacljk gbgtbkijprmc arkiuc
urpaje~jk~+ Gcujhksj mr`rkijk jk~jpj pjucf gfhjp -BF,TF#&Uc njk
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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tbpubk gfhjp njpc BF&-BF,TF# njtj~ gbgtbkijprmc ucaj~ urpaje~jk~
sjki uburjc nbkijk lb`r~rmjk `bp`jijc jthcljuc+
@jksjl ~bpubncj tchcmjk urpaje~jk~ sjki nctbpnjijkiljk rk~rl
ncirkjljk njhjg `ruj rpb~mjk ahbluc`bh `ruj MP njk `ruj pcicn+
0+9 Btflucnj
Ncirkjljk ub`jijc `jmjk `jlr rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj tfhs 0'
f}jfhcnfkb+ Njhjg tbg`rj~jk `ruj pbjluc sjki ebtj~ jnjhjm ujkij~
tbk~cki njk fhbm ljpbkj c~r btflucnj jpfgj~cu hb`cm ncurljc+
Tfhsbtflucnj jpfgj~cu gbhctr~c `cutmbkfh'J'`bp`jucu btflucnj njk
kfqfhje `bp`jucu btflucnj ub`jijcgjkj `bpclr~ ?
@cutmbkfh J'`bp`jucu btflucnj
Kfqfhje `bp`jucu btflucnj
0+= Ahjgb Pb~jpnjk~
Ncjk~jpj `ruj `bp`jucu cufesjkj~( `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb `jcl
ahbluc`bh j~jr pcicn grnjm ~bp`jljp+ Ljpbkj grnjm ~bp`jljp gjljgrkerh `bp`jijc gjejg `j~jujk tjnj tbkiirkjjk `ruj rpb~mjkb
njhjg hckilrt arpkc~rp njk~pjkutfp~juc tr`hcl+ Ubhjkor~ksj tbkiirkjjk
`ruj tjnj~ tfhcrpb~mjkb tjnj ckurhjuc `jkirkjk gbknjtj~ `j~jujk
tbpj~rpjk lb`jljpjk+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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Fhbm ljpbkj jhjujk ncj~ju gjlj `bp`jijc gjejg rujmj nchjlrljk
rk~rl gbkejpc `jmjk tbkimjg`j~ jtc sjki babl~ca+ Gjujhjm ~bpub`r~
`bhrg njtj~ ncj~juc nbkijk urlubu ljpbkj tpf`hbg sjki ncmjnjtc
gbhctr~c lbgrnjmjk tbkijtcjk( tbksb`jpjk jtc nctbpgrljjk( tjkju
sjki nclbhrjpljk( tbkibhbrjpjk jujt( lb~jmjkjk jtc njk pjerk tjnj
iju jtc+
Obkcu hjck njpc `ruj tfhcgbp `bp`jucu cufuskj~ ubgjejg `ruj
tfhscufesjkj~ ~bpgfncacljuc f}jufhcnfkb( ejp`fnccgcnb( j~jr pjk~jc cgcnb
gbgtrksjc ucaj~ lb~jmjkjk ~bpmjnjt jtc ~jktj tbkjg`jmjk ahjgb
pb~jpnjk~+
@jijcgjkjtrk( `ruj gb~mjkb mjpru gbgtrksjc ajhgb pb~jpnjk~+
Ljpbkj mjh ~bpub`r~ gjlj nclbg`jkiljk ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ rk~rl `ruj
rpb~mjkb njk ujj~ ckc ~bpubncj nc tjujpjk+
Tbkijtcjk jnjhjm pbjluc sjki pjncljh njk mjhfibk sjki lbhrjp
njpc ajhgb pb~jpnjk~ `bparkiuc gbhjyjk pbjluc pjncljh c~r+ Ub`jhclksj
ubksjyj afuafp `bpbjluc ub`jijc `jmjk sjki njtj~ gbkirpjkic
tbgrkerhjk iju sjki grnjm ~bp`jljp+ Gbljkcugb lbnrj ahjgb
pb~jpnjk~ ~cnjlhjm ujgj(gjlj ncujpjkljk gbgjljc lbnrjksj+
Ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ rk~rl `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb njtj~ nclhjucacljucljk
gbkojnc nrj lj~bifpc( pbjl~ca njk kfk pbjl~ca+ Ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ pbjl~ca
gbhctr~c ?
'Tfhsb~mbp `pfgckj~bn
' Tfhsb~mbp sjki gbkijknrki mjhfibk njk j~jr afuafp
' nc`pfgf tpftjkfh
'nc`pfgf kbftbk~msh ihclfh
Lbbabl~cajk njpc ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ mjhfibk uburjc nbkijk rpr~jk`bpclr~?ahrfpck(emhfpckb( `pfgckb njk cfnckb+
Ubnjkiljk ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ pbjl~ca gbhctr~c `jcl ubksjyj fpijkcl
gjrtrk jkfpijkcl+ Ubksjyj fpijkcl gbhctr~c?
'Tmfutj~b sjki gbkijknrki mjhfibk( gcujh ? ~pcu emhfpf b~msh tmfutmj~b
'@r`rl jpfgj~cu ~bpmjhfibkjuc gcujh ?emhfpjknce jkmcnpc~b
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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Ubksjyj fpijkcl gbhctr~c jk~cgfks ~pcf}cnb( ufncrg `fpj~b njk
jhrgckcrg mcnpflucnj+ Jk~cgfks ~pcf}cnb gbg`bpcljk babl sjki uckbpicu
jtj`chj nclfg`ckjucljk nbkijk ubksjyj ~bpmjhfibkjuc+ Ubnj`iljk
jhrgckj ~psmsnpj~b gbkrkorlljk ucaj~ ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ nbkijk ejpj
pbjluc bknf~bpgcu gbkibhrjpljk jcp+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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@J@ CCC
TBG@RJ^JK @RUJ TFHS RPB^MJKB
5+: Ubncjjk
@ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb nc`rj~ nbkijk ejpj gbpbjlucljk jk~jpj
cufesjkj~b nbkijk tfhsfh nbkijk lb`pjnjjk `hfycki jibk~( urpaje~jk~
njk lj~jhcu ~jktj tbgjkjujk njpc hrjp lb ucu~bg+
@hfycki
Jibk~
Urpaje~jk~
Ej~jhcu~
GC]CKITfhsgbpafpgj~cfk
jkn iju ibkbpj~cfk Afjg
Njhjg tbg`bk~rljk `ruj rpb~mjk ahbluc`bh `hfycki jibk~ksj
jnjhjm jcp njk tjnj ujj~ sjki ujgj ub`jijc `hfycki jikb~ tbg`jk~r
jnjhjm `hfycki jibk~ ckbp~ ~bpmjnjt ufhqbk nbkijk ~c~cl ncncm pbknjm
ubtbp~c EAE'::( GE njtj~ ncirkjljk+ Rk~rl tfhsrpb~mjkb pcicn gjlj
ncirkjljk `hfycki jibk~ EAE':: sjki gbkirjt ljpbkj tjkju sjki
ncmjuchljk njpc pbjluc bluf~bpgjh tbg`bk~rljk tfhsrpb~mjkb+
Tbpujgjjk gfnbh tbg`bk~rljk `ruj tfhsrpb~mj njtj~ ubtbp~c `bpclr~ ?
j+ Tbg`bk~rljk Tfhsrpb~mjkb
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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`+ Tbgrkerhjk iju EF0kFEK'P'KEF , kM0F -'P'KM'EF'KM'#k,kEF0
ijg`jp 5+: Ulbgj tbg`bk~rljk `ruj tfhs rpb~mjkb
Pbjluc hjck sjki ~bpojnc jnhjm bpjluc tbg`bk~rljk pjk~jc jhhftmjkj~b
`crpb~( cufesjkj~b krpjnb( ejp`fccgcnb orij ~bpijk~rki jnpc lfkncuc
pbjluc+
Ujj~ ckc ljpbkj tbg`j~jujk tbgjljck EAE gbkojncljk
tbpr`jmjk sjki gbknjujp tjnj afpgrhjuc `ruj+Urnjm `jksjl
ncirkjljk njhjg tbkbhc~cjk tbkiirkjjk jcp :44" ub`jijc
tbkibg`jki rk~rl lbnrj gjejg tbg`bk~rljk `ruj `jcl pcicn
gjrtrk ahbluc`bh+ Tbkbhc~cjk ~bpub`r~ gbgbphrljk gfncacljuc j~jr
tbkibg`jkijk `jmjk gbk~jm tbg`rj~ `ruj ubtbp~c tfhs cufesjkj~b(
tfhsfh(lj~jhcu njk urpaje~jk~+
@ruj rpb~mjkb njtj~ nchjucacljucljk gbkojnc nrj gjejg obkcu
sjc~r ahbluc`bh njk pcicn+ Tjnj `b`bpjtj ljuru `ruj ahbluc`bh nc`jic
hjic gbkojnc ahbluc`bh njk ubgc ahbluc`bh+ Tbp`bnjjk njhjg ucaj~ acucu
njpc lbnrj `ruj ~bpub`r~ ~bpr~jgj mjksj `bp`bnj tjnj `bpj~
gfhblrh tbp pjk~jc uchjkiksj( `bpj~ sjki ubcg`jki njk lbuburjcjk
tfhsfh sjki ncirkjljk njk obkcu lbuburjck njpc obkcu cufesjkj~+
@ruj ~bpub`r~ njtj~ nctbpucjtjljk nbkijk tbgchcmjk sjki `jcl
`bpj~ sjki ubcg`jki njk lbuburjcjkktfhsfh sjki nctjljc+
Tfhscufesjkj~ njtj~ nctbp~cg`jkiljk ub`jijc jibk tbkiij`rki njpc
tfhsfh+ Lhjucacljuc ljujp njpc obkcu tfhsfh sjki ncirjkljk jnj tjnj
~j`bh `bpclr~?
^j`bh 5+: Ljhucacljuc `ruj rpb~mjkb@ruj Pcicn Ubgc ahb}c`hb Ahb}c`hb
Tfhsfh
FM Kf+/
FM Bzrcqjhbk~//
524'214
:14':44
:44'044
214'0=4
2+1'94
:4+ 444'=44
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
29/80
Arke~cfkjhc~s 5+4'=+4 5+4'5+2 0+4'5+4
Gfnrhru bhju~cu tjnj 02 E
Gtj ;944 944'94 894
H`g&g0 ;:44+ 444 :44+ 444':4+ 444 :4+ 444
/ FM orghjm ?giLFM&i
// FM Bzrcqjhbk~? 21(::4&orghjm FM
5+0 Tpfubu Tbg`rj~jk Rpb~mjkb
@ruj rpb~jmbk njtj~ nc`rj~ nbkijk tpfubu fkb umf~( tpfubu ckc
gbprtjljk tpfubu sjki ubpcki ncirkjljk+ Tpfubu ubgctfhcgbp hb`cm
ncurljc ljpbkj lbgrnjmjk njhjg tbg`rj~jkksj( grkerhksj `ruj
u~j`ch njk bluf~bpg hb`cm pbknjm ~b~jtc tpfubu tpjtfhcgbpksj ncirkjljk
rk~rl ~rorjk ~bp`j~ju+ Ncjipjg ulbgj~cl njpc ~cij tpfubu tbg`rj~jk
~bphcmj~ njhjg ijg`jp 5+0 `bpclr~
Tfh cufe jkj~b Lfgfkbk 'J
Urpajl~jk
Lj~jhcu
@hfyck J bk~
Tfh fh
GC]CKILfgtfkbk @
Tpbgc}
@RUJ
Fkb Umf~ Tpfebuu
Tfh cufe jkj~bLfgfkbk J
Ubgc Tfhcgbp
Tfh fh
@hfyck J bk~
Lj~jhcu
Urpajl~jk
Lfgtfkbk @
Tpbgc}
GC]CKI @RUJ
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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Tpfubu Ubgc Tfhcgbp
GC]CKI
Tfh cufe jkj~b
Tfh fh
@hfyck J bk~
Lj~jhcu
Urpajl~jk
Lfgtfkbk @
Tpbgc}
Lfgfkbk J
Tpb Tfhcgbp
@RUJ
Tpfub TpbTfhcgbp
Ijg`jp 5+0 ncjipjg ulbgj~cl tpfubu tbg`rujjk
Tpfubu fkb umf~ nctjljc rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc `ruj obkcu pcicn njk
ahbluc`bh+ Tjnj tpfubu tpfnrluc `ruj uhj`u~fel( `jmjk `jlr ubejpj
~bptcujm ncrgtjkljk lb mbjn tbkejgtrp+ Rk~rl gbkij~rp qculfuc~ju
gjlj tfhsfh( lj~jhcu ~ck( jcp( njk lj~jhcu jgckb ncejgtrp ~bphb`rm nrhr+
Ucu~bg tbkejgtrpjk nrj lfgtfkbk ubejpj hrju ncirkjljk rk~rl
ucu~bg `ruj sjki `bp`bnj ljpbkj ucu~bg ~bpub`r~ gbggrkilckljk
ncurthjc njpc 0 obkcu nprg+ Gbuck tbg`rj~ `ruj njtj~ nc`rj~
ububnbpmjkj grkilck ubmckiij gbgrnjmljk tbkijkijkjk njk
tbpjyj~jk+
Ucu~bg tpbtfhcgbp gbgchclc lbhb`cmjk sjki mjgtcp ujgj nbkijk
ucu~bg fkb umf~ njk ucu~bg tbkejgtrpjk 0 `jmjk+ Ucu~bg tpfnrluc
ubtbp~c sjki ~bhjm ncub`r~ljk gbkiirkjljk ~bgtbpj~rp jg`cbk~+
Lb~cijksj nclhjucacljucljk ub`jijc ucu~bg kfk apf~mcki njk abkfgbkj
`pbjlnfykksj ~bphcmj~ njhjg ijg`jp 5+5
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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^jel apbb ~cgb
Pcub ^cgb
Ibh ^cgb
Epbjg ^cgb
Hczrcn U~j~b Apf~m U~j~b
Yjl~r Pbjluc
Abkfgbkj
Ijg`jp 5+5 Abkfgbkj @pbjlnfyk apf~mcki
Cu~chjm ~blkcl tjnj ijg`jp ncj~ju jnjhjm
Epbjg ~cgb 7 yjl~r grhjc jk~jpj tbksjgtrpjk njk ~c~cl ncgjkj
ejgtrpjk sjki obpkcm gbkojnc epbjgs j~jr lj`r~
njk grhjc gbkibg`jki
Ibh ~cgb 7 Ck~bpqjh yjl~r jk~jpj grhjc tbksjgtrpjk njk grhjc
tbkibk~jhjk
Pcub ~cgb 7 Yjl~r ck~bpqjh jk~jpj grhjc tbkejgtrpjk njk
tbkibg`jkijk gjuj `ruj
^jel apbb ~cgb 7 yjl~r ck~bpqjh jk~jpj tbkejgtrpjk njk yjl~r
gbkejtjc lfkncuc ~cnjl hbkilb~
Lb`jhcljk njpc tpfubu apf~mcki gjlj tpfubu apf~mckm
tbkejgtrpjkksj nc`jyjm~bljkjk+ ^jmjtjk tpfubu apf~mcki
nclhjucacljucljk lb njhjg ~cij tpfubu ?
j+ P':0 -EAE':0# ncirkjljk njhjg tpfubu
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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`+ Tpfubu ~bpgjh apf~me+ Tpfubu lcgcj apf~m
Tpfubu apf~mrki nc`bnjljk njpc tpfubu lfkqbkucfkjh njpc tpfach
tbg`rjujjk+ Tpfubu apf~mcki ~cnjl gbgchclc epbjg ~cgb( `jmljk jljk
ubibpj gbkibg`rki njpc gc}cki mbjn ubtbp~c `ruj tjnj tbkerlrp
pjg`r~+ Tbp`bnjjk jk~jpj tpfubu lfkqbkucfkjh njk tpfubu apf~mcki
~bphcmj~ tjnj ijg`jp 5+> `bpclr~+
Yjl~r Pbjluc
:44
24
4^ckiic@ruj-"#
Ijgj`jp 5+> Tbp`jknckijk kjclksj @ruj
Tjnj ljuru `ruj rpb~mjkb lfkqbkucfkjh( epbjg ~cgb ncj~rp njhjg
lcujpjk :4'54 nb~cl njk pcub ~cgb ncj~rp tjnj lcujpjk 14' :04 nb~cl+
Rk~rl `ruj ahbluc`bh ibhhcki `cjujksj ~bpojnc ub`bhrg pcub ~cgb njk ~jel
apbb ~cgb jljk grkerh ub~bhjm pcub ~cgb ubhbujc+ Lb`jhcljkksj rk~rl
~jel apbb ~cgb `ruj pcicn tfhsrpb~mjkb ljnjki nctbphrljk ub`bhrg pcub
~cgb ubhbujc yjhrtrk `cjujksj ~bpojnc ub~bhjm pcub ~cgb ubhbujc+Tpfubu apf~mcki nclbg`jkiljk fhbm Nr Tfk~ Ef+(tpfubu ckc
gbgchclc lbrk~rkijk jk~jpj hjck ucaj~ acucu sjki cuf~pftcl njk ~bljkjk
tbg`rujjk sjki hb`cm pbknjm+ Gb~fnb ~bpub`r~hb`cm uburjc ncirkjljk
rk~rl tpfnrluc tjkbh sjki hrju njhjg tpfnrluc tj`pcl j~jr
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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tbg`rujjk tfrp ck thjeb tjnj jthcljuc hjtjkijk ubtbp~c tjnj tjkbh
`jkirkjk njk ~jkilc lcgcj+
Tpfubu apf~mcki EAE':0 ncecpcljk nbkijk tbkiirkjjk `bpujgj
EAE':0 njk EAE':: sjki ~bpojnc tjnj ~bgtbpj~rp jg`cbk~+Tpfubu
apf~mcki ~mbpgjh -tjkju# nchjlrljk nbkijk pbjluc tbpebtj~jk
tbgrkerhjk iju nbkijk ejpj pbjluc lcgcj lmruru tjnj ~bgtbpj~rp
jg`cbk~( gcujh nbkijk tbkjg`jmjk ubnclc~ gb~mjkfh lb njhjg ucu~bg
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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@J@ CQ
OBKCU @RUJ RPB^MJKB
>+: @ruj Rpb~mjkb Ahbluc`bh
>+:+: Tbg`rj~jk @ruj Rpb~mjkb Ahbluc`bh
@ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh gbgchclc tjujp ~b`bujp nc`jknckiljk
tpfnrl rpb~mjk sjki hjck+ @ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh ncnbackcucljk ub`jijc
`ruj rpb~mjkb sjki ftbk ebhhbn sjki `bpucaj~ ubibpj lbg`jhc lb yrorn
ubgrhj ub~bhjm tbkbljkjk+ @ruj ckc njtj~ nclhjucacljucljk hjic gbkojnc
nrj obkcu sjlkc `ruj tfhsb~mbp njk `ruj tfhsbu~bp+ Hb`cm hjkor~ `ruj
tfhcb~mbp nc`jic hjic gbkojnc `ruj ahbluc`bh lfkqbkucfkjh( `ruj ahbluc`bh
mcki pbucu~bkeb -@ruj MP#( `ruj eb~jl nckick( `ruj urtbp hrkjl njk
`ruj urtbp bhju~cu+
@ruj ubgc ahbluc`bh -ubgc pcicn# ljnjki nclhjucacljucljk njhjg
`ruj ahbluc`bh+ @ruj ckc gbgchclc lb~jmjkjk `b`jk njk tbgrhcmjk
~bpmjnjt ~bljkjk sjki `jiru+ @ruj ahbluc`bh gclpfubhrhjp njk `ruj
ahbluc`bh ck~bipjh ulck njtj~ nclj~bifpcljk njhjg `ruj ahbluc`bh+ Tjnj
`b`bpjtj ljuru `ruj gclpfubhrhbp nclhjucacljucljk nhjg bhju~fgbp
-ljpb~#+
@ruj sjki `bp`bnj njtj~ nctbpucjtljk nbkijk tbgchcmjk tfhsfh
sjki uburjc+ Tfhscufesjkj~ ncirkjljk ub`jijc ofckcki jibk~ rk~rl tfhsfh
nctjknjki ub`jijc lfgtfkbk r~jgj sjki tjhcki tbk~cki njhjg
tbkbk~rjk ucaj~ acucu njpc tfhcgbp sjki ncmjuchljk+
@ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh gbhctr~c `ruj uhj`u~fel( `ruj ~bpeb~jl
njk `ruj tfrp ck thjeb+ Tjnj `b`bpjtj ljuru nrj `ruj ~bpjlmcp njtj~
nckjgjljk `ruj PCG -Pbje~cfk Ckobe~cfk Gfrhncki# ahbluc`bh+
Tpfubu Mjpn Gc}cki
Tjnj ujj~ tbkibg`jkijk njk tfhsrpb~mjkb( ~blkcl mjpn gc}cki
ubejpj hrju ncirkjljk ~cnjl mjksj rk~rl `ruj ahbluc`bh ~b~jtc orij
rk~rl `ruj pcicn+ ^blkcuc sjki ~bphj~cm `jcl njtj~ gbgtbpucjtljk `ruj
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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`bplrjhc~ju nbkijk lbgjgtrjk pbtpfnrluc sjki `jcl mjksj nbkijk
tpfubu mjpn gc}cki+
Gj~bpcjh njk Bzrctgbk~
Usu~bg lfk~jckbp 7 tjtbp ertu -ibhju lbp~ju sjki `bphjtcu hchckuj~r tfhsb~mshbkb# ljtjuc~ju 4+2':+4 hc~bp
Lfk~jckbp afjgcki 7 @f} ljsr -:2}:2}:2eg j~jr 54}54}54egnchjtcu lbp~ju lpja~ j~jr tfhsb~mshbk#+ @f} njpc lbp~ju j~jr `jl
tfhsb~mshbk sjki nctjljc ub`jijc nprg nbkijk ljtjuc~ju 0'2 h~+
Rlrpjk lfk~jckbp sjki uburjc nctchcm `bpjnjujp tjnj orghjm
usu~bg sjki gbkibg`jki njk tbplcpjjk tjnj nbkuc~ju `ruj+
Lfk~jckbp sjki hb`cm `bujp hb`cm ncurljc tjnj tbkbk~rjk
afpgrhjuc ljpbkj lfk~jckbp ~bpub`r~ njtj~ gbg`bpcljk ujgtbh
sjki `bpijg rk~rl tbkirocjk+
Tbpjhj~jk rk~rl `hjkn gc}cki 7 ~cg`jkijk :'0 li( jhj~ urk~clrk~rl lj~jhcu njk urpaje~jk~ -ljtuc~ju 2gh( :gh njk 4+:gh#(
tbkijnrl njpc ibhju j~jr ljsr( gc}bp lbebtj~jk ~ckiic njk ~cgbp+
Tpfubnrp tbg`rujjk jnjhjm ub`jijc `bpclr~?
j+ Uburjcljk ljpbkj ~bgtbpj~rp `jmjk `jlr 04'02 E`+ Tbpucjtljk lfgtfkbk J( ~cg`jki tfhscufesjkj~ njhjg
ibhju lbp~ju -lfgtfkbk cufesjkj~ ntj~ ncub`r~ lfgtfkbk J#
e+ Tbpucjtljk lfgtfkbk @? ~cg`jki ubgrj `jmjk sjkinctjljc lberjhc cufesjkj~( tjnj ibhju lbp~ju sjki hjck+ Jnrl
tbhjk'tbhjk gbkiirkjljk tbkijnrl ibhju+ @jmjk sjki gbgchclc
tpfubk~juc ubnclc~ ncgjurlljk gbkiirkjljk jhj~ urk~cl+ Rk~rl
lb~bhc~cjk gjlj irkjljk jhj~ urk~cl sjki uburjc+ Qfhrgb njpc
`jmjk njtj~ ncmc~rki `bpnjujp tjnj nbkuc~juksj+ Tbkiirkjjk
jhj~ urk~cl ckc pbhj~ca babl~ca rk~rl `jmjk njhjg orghjm ubnclc~+
Lj~jhcu nbkijk orghjm ujkij~ ubnclc~ ncgjurlljk
gbkiirkjljk tctb~( nbkijk `bpj~ ~b~bujk tctb~ njtj~ nc~bk~rljk
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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lbgrncjk+ Lj~jhcu nbkij orghjm ujkij~ ubnclc~ njtj~ orij
nc~cg`jki gbkiirkjljk ~cg`jkijk jkjhc~cu( ~b~jtc ~cg`jkijk ckc
~cnjl ncpblfgbknjucljk ljpbkj gbkjg`jm yjl~r njk pbuclf
`bpj~ `bphb`cm+
Tpfubnrp sjki hb`cm tbk~cki hjckksj jnjhjm gb~fnb
tbkjg`jmjk `hfycki jibk~( ljpbkj EAE':: 3~c~cl ncncm 0> E#
grnjm gbkirjt tjnj urmr ljgjp+ @jmjk `hfycki jibk~ `cuj
gbkirjt ubmckiij ljknrkijk EAE':: sjki uburkiirmksj njhjg
ucu~bg `cuj `bplrpjki+
Lbujhjmjk sjki ~bpojnc `cjujksj :4"+ Ljpbkj jhjujk c~r(
tbk~cki rk~rl gbkirhjki tbkjg`jmjk njk tpfubnrp gc}cki
rk~rl gbknjtj~ljk mc~rkijk tju~c njpc EAE'::+
Ub~bhjm tpfubu tbkejgtrpjk ubgtrpkj(EAE':: ~cnjl
gbkirjt rk~rl tbpcfnb yjl~r tbkejgtrpjk sjki ub`bk~jp(
ublc~jp :'0 gbkc~+ Tpbgc} sjki ncnjtj~ljk lfgtfkbk @+
n+ Tbpucjtjk Tbg`rujjk+ Tbkijnrljk lfgtfkbk @nchjlrljk njhjg ibhju lbp~ju ubhjgj 2 nb~cl+ Ubibpj ub~bhjm
tbkijnrljk ubgrj lfgtfkbk J ncgjurlljk lb lfgtfkbk @
-lfgtfkbk J sjki ~bpucuj njtj~ nc~bk~rljk lbgrncjk#(
tbkijnrljk ubhjgj 2'04 nb~cl+ Yjl~r tbkijnrljk ckc mjpru hb`cm
tbknbl njpc epbjg ~cgb+ Ejgtrpjk ubibpj nc~rjki njhjg
lfk~jckbp tbg`rujjk+ Njhjg `b`bpjtj ljuru usu~bg
tbkejgtrpjk nc~ckiijhljk njk nc`cjpljk gbkibg`jki tjnj
lfk~jckbp sjki ujgj+ Epbjg ~cgb( ibh ~cgb( pcub ~cgb njk ~jel apbb
~cgb ncrlrp njk ncej~j~+ Gb~fnb sjki ncgfncacljuc njtj~ orij
ncirkjljk ~bpijk~rki njpc tjnj `ruj sjki nctbpucjtljk njktbpjhj~jk hj`fpj~ sjki ~bpubncj+
b+ Tfu~ Ejpb+ Ub~bhjm `ruj gbkibg`jki kjcl( `rujub`jclksj ncgjurlljk njhjg fqbk nbkijk urmr 14'=4 E ubhjgj
uj~r ojg( hb`cm `jcl hjic ubhjgj ubgjhjg rk~rl gbkrk~juljk
pbjluc cufesjkj~+ Ub`jijc jh~bpkj~ca erpcki urmr prjki ujgtbh
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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njtj~ ucgtjk nc prjkijk ujgtjc `b`bpjtj mjpc ub`bhrg
nchjlrljk tbkirocjk+
a+ Gb~fnb tbkirocjk ucaj~'ucaj~ `ruj+ Ubejpj rgrg ucaj~`ruj ub`jkncki nbkijk nbkuc~juksj+Fhbm ub`j` c~r ucaj~ acucu sjki
mjpru nc~bk~rljk ~bphb`cm njmrhr jnjhjm nbkuc~ju `ruj+ Nbkuc~ju
`ruj njtj~ nc~bk~rljk nbkijk tbpujgjjk `bpclr~?
Nbkuc~ju 7 @bpj~&Qfhrgb< nbkijk uj~rjk nbkuc~ju jnjhjm li&g5
-UC#+ Gb~fnb ~bu~ sjki hb`cm `jlr nc~bk~rlj nbkijk JU^G N'529>( ncub`r~ orij ~bu~
@r~hbp Emcgkbs#( cknblu flucibk ~bp`j~ju -JU^G N'0=15#( nbkuc~ju
jujt -JU^G N'0=>4#+
Ujhjm uj~r njpc `ruj ahbluc`bh tfhsrpb~mjkb jnjhjm
erumcfkcki -lbksjgjkjk#+ Ijg`jp >+: gbkrkorlljk
tbp`jknckijk njpc lrpqj jk~jpj tfhsbu~bp( tfhsb~mbp njk `ruj MP
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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Ajl~fp Uji -ajl~fp lbksjgjkjk# jnjhjm tbp`jknckijk njpc ijsj
lfgtpbuc 12" nc`jic nbkijk ijsj 02" njk ncirkjljk rk~rl
gbkimc~rki lbgjgtrjk erumcfkcki+ Ajl~fp Uji rk~rl lb~cij obkcu `ruj
njtj~ nchcmj~ tjnj ~j`bh >+: `bpclr~ ?
^j`bh >+: Tbp`jknckijk ajl~fp Uji njpc `bp`jijc obkcu `ruj
@ruj Ajl~fp Uji
@ruj Ahbluc`bh Tfhsbu~bp :+0 :+9
@ruj ahbluc`bh Tfhsb~mbp :+>':+=
@ruj MP 0+>'5+4
Ucaj~ tbk~cki hjck njpc `ruj ahbluc`bh tfhsrpb~mjkb jnjhjm
Cnbk~j~cfk Afpeb Nbahbe~cfk -CAN# j~jr Efgtpbuucfk Afpeb Nbahbe~ccfk
-EAN#( efgtpbucfk ub~ njk jicki lbhbg`j`jk+
Jthcljuc @ruj Rpb~mjkb
@jmjk rk~rl tbpbnjg jnjhjm jnjhjm jthcljuc r~jgj `ruj
rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh+ Tjnj ~jmrk :3=4 lfkurguc `ruj rpb~mjkb nrkcj
jnjhjm 59" rk~rl arpkc~rpb njk gj~~pbu( :=" rk~rl jr~fgf~ca( jthcljuc
sjki hjck rk~rl ~pjkutfp~juc( ~blu~ch( tjeljicki( prgjm ~jkiij( gbncu(
tbpbnjg urjpj( `jpjki fhjm pjij( lfugb~cl( ~jkjm jp~cacecjh njk gjckjk+
>+:+0 @ruj Uhj`u~fel
@ruj lf~jl lfk~ckr nc`rj~ nbkijk ejpj tbkrjkijk lfk~ckr
lfgtfkbk ejcp `ruj ncj~ju lfkqbsfp sjki `bpojhjk( ncub`r~ ub`jijc
`ruj uhj`u~fel+
Tpfubu `ruj mfpcufk~jh lfkqbsfp ubejpj hrju ~bhjm ncirkjljk
ubojl njmrhr njpc jyjh cknru~pc `ruj rpb~mjkb+ Nbyjuj ckc tpfubu
tpfnrlucksj ~bhjm nclbg`jkiljk+
Tf~fkijk uchjki njpc `ruj uhj`u~fel sjki nctpfnrluc nbkijk
tpfubu lfkqbsfp mfpcufk~jh ~cnjl `rorp ujkiljp ~btj~( gbhjckljk
gbgchclc tbpgrljjk j~ju sjki gbhbkilrki+ Fhbm ub`j` c~r tpfubu
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
39/80
nclbg`jkiljk jijp gbkijmuchljk tf~fkijk gbhck~jki `rorp ujkiljp(
njk urnjm ncirkjljk njhjg cknru~pc `ruj ubljpjki+
Ijg`jp >+0 gbprtjljk ulbgj njpc gbuck lfk~ckr rk~rl
tpfnrluc uhj`u~fel( ubnjkiljk ijg`jp >+5 ulbgj rk~rl gbuck lfk~ckr
~bphjgckjuc+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
40/80
@ruj uhj`u~fel lf~jl hb`cm cpc~ `cjsj njpctjnj `ruj uhj`u~fel
lfkqbkucfkjh+ @ruj c~r njtj~ nctpfnrluc nbkijk ejpj mfpcufk~jh
gjrtrk qbp~cljh+
Njhjg ljuru gbuck tbg`ruj gjlj tpfubu fkb umf~ hb`cm `jksjl
ncirkjljk+ Ubgrj `jmjk nctfgtj lb njhjg gc}cki mbjn gbhjhrc jhcpjk
sjki `bp`bnj+ @jijcgjkjtrk( njpc urnr~ tjknjki qculfuc~ju( pjucf
gc}cki njk lbgrnjmjk tpfubu( ub`jclksj `b`bpjtj ljknrkijk
nctpbgc} ~bphb`cm njmrhr ubgcujh jcp njk lj~jhcu ~ck njk jgckb j~jr
lj~jhcu ~ck njk ub`jicjk tfhsfh+
Nbkuc~ju njpc `ruj uhj`u~fel njtj~ `bpqjpcjuc njhjg lcujpjk :4'54
li&g5 ~bpijk~rki njpc tbpgck~jjk tjujp+ @ruj nbkijk nbkuc~ju hb`cm
~ckiic njtj~ nctpfnrluc nbkijk ~blkcl uhj`u~fel `chj tbphr+
@bp`jijc gjejg afpgrhjuc njk gfncacljuc ejucki njtj~ ncirkjljk
rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc `ruj uhj`u~fel+ Qjpcjuc afpgrhjucksj ~bpijk~rki
njpc `jmjk `jlr sjki ~bpubncj( lbtbphrjk ucaj~ `ruj( `cjsj tpfnrluc njk
tpfubu tpfnrluc+ @bp`jijc efk~fm afpgrhjuc rk~rl tpfnrluc uhj`u~fel
apbb'pcub jnj tjnj ~j`bh >+0 njk ~j`bh >+5( >+>+
^j`bh >+0 Uhj`u~fel ~jktj Ahjgb Pb~jpnjk~
@jmjk " `bpj~
Tfhsfh'ihsebpfh'`jubn tfhs -f}stpftchbk#
Tfhs -f}sb~mshbkb# tfhsfh( 5244 gfh y~
1=+:
Cufesjkj~ -=4&04# ^NC 05+2
@hfycki jibk~'EF0 tpfnrluc njpc pbjluc cufesjkj~
nbkijk jcp
:+9
Jr}chjps `hfycki jibk~' Ahrfpfejp`fk 2+2
Lj~jhcu Fpijkf~ck ujh~ 4+0
Lj~jhcu ^bp~cjps jgckb 4+5
Urpaje~jk~' Uchcefkb tfhcgbp 4+9
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
41/80
^j`bh >+5 Ucaj~ Acucu
UCAJ^ ACUCU UC Rkc~
Nbkuc~ju( li&g5 03
CHN
02" P( -K&505 eg0#
12" P -K&505 eg0#
:54
051
Uji aje~fp :+31
^bkuchb u~pbim~ =5
Bhfkij~cfk 044
^bjp U~pbim~ -K&g# 0=4
Efgtpbucfk ub~(" 9+2
Pb`frkn( " 24
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
42/80
>+:+5 @ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh ~bpeb~jl
@ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh ~bpeb~jl ~bhjm ncirkjljk rk~rl
gbtpfnrluc `ruj nbkijk `bk~rl ~bp~bk~r ubtbp~c lrpuc gf`ch j~jr lrpuc
arpkc~rpb+ @ruj ~bpeb~jl ~bpururk njpc lrhc~ `ruj nbkuc~ju ~fkiic njk
ck~c `ruj nbkuc~ju pbknjm+ Ujhjm uj~r ncu~pc`ruc eb~jl rk~rl ~bgtj~
~cnrp nbkijk lb~b`jhjk :4 eg uburjc ijg`jp >+> `bpclr~+
Ijg`jp >+> Tpfach nbkuc~ju njpc `ruj ahbluc`bh ~bpeb~jl
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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EAN -Efgtpbucfk afpeb nbahbe~cfk# ub`jijcgjkj CAN njpc `ruj
~pbub`r~ lrpqjksj hb`cm hckejm `chj nc`jkncki uhj`u~fel ub`jijcgjkj
ijg`jp >+2 `bpclr~
Ijg`jp >+1 Nbafpgjuc lfgtpbuca `ruj ahbluc`bh
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
44/80
Njhjg tpfubu tbpeb~jljk `jmjk sjki urnjm ncejgtrp nc~rjki
gbhjrc gc}cki mbjn lb njhjg eb~jljk sjki nctjkjuc hb`cm njmrhr -tpb
mbj~bn# sjki ~bp`rj~ njpc jhrgckrg `joj j~jr pbuck btf}s+ @jmjk
ejgtrpjk gbkibg`jki njhjg gfhn njk `ruj sjki ncmjuchljk ncojij
tjnj lfkncuc erpcki njk ubhjkor~ksj ncclr~c nbkijk nbgfhncki+
Tpfubu `ruj ~bpeb~jl njtj~ nclhjucacljucljk gbkojnc 0 obkcu sjc~r
tpfubu `ruj eb~jl tjkju njk tpfubu `ruj eb~jl nckick+ Lbnrj tpfubu ckc
ncojhjkljk nbkijk ~bgtbpj~rp gfhncki jnk fqbk+
MP afjg ncj~bifpcljk ub`jijc `ruj efhn gfhnbn ljpbkj njtj~
nceb~jl nbkijk ~bgtbpj~rp pbknjm+ @ruj MP gbgchclc afpgrhjuc sjki
ubnclc~ `bp`bnj njpc `ruj lfkqbkucfkjh u~jknjp efhn gfhnbn hjck+ Jnj
`bpjijg afpgrhjuc `ruj eb~jl njhjg hc~bpj~rp( `bpclr~ gbprtjlk efk~fm
sjki njtj~ ncirkjljk ub`jijc tbp`jknckijk+
>+:+5+: @ruj eb~jl Tjkju njk @ruj Eb~jl Nckick
@ruj eb~jl tjkju nctpfnrluc gbkiirkjljk `jcl tfhsfh tfhsb~mbp
lfkqbkucfkjh -5444 GY 5 ark~cfkjh tpftchbk f}cnb jnnre~# j~jr 5 tfhsfh
tfhcb~mbp `bprorki FM tpcgbp nbkijk ^NC( ~b~jtc ~cnjl nbkijk GNC+
Ljpbkj c~r `ruj eb~jl njtj~ nctbp~cg`jkiljk ubejpj bubkucjh ub`jijc
`ruj `bp`jucu ^NC+
@ruj eb~jl nckick nc`rj~ nbkijk afpgrhjuc ejgtrpjk jk~jpj ^NC
nnjk GNC j~jr :442 GNC( ljpbkj tbkiirkjjk `bpujgj ^NC njk GNC
gbgrkilckljk rk~rl fqbk njk gfhn urmr pbknjm+ Mjh ckc ljpbkj
pbjluc hb`cm ebtj~ njpctjnj GNC+GNC sjki ncirkjljk njt~ GNC grpkc(
GNC ~bpgfncacljuc j~jrtrk GNC tfhcgbpcl+ Jnj ljc~jk jk~jpj `ruj eb~jl
nckick nbkij `ruj MP+
Tjnj ujj~ ckc `ruj MP nctpfnrluc ubhjsjlksj tpfnrluc eb~jl
nckick( gcujh nbkijk afpgrhjc ejgtrpjk jk~jpj GNC njk ^NC njhjg
~bgtbpj~rp eb~jl sjki pbknjm+ Njhjg tbplbg`jkiijksj( `ruj MP
mjksj gbgjljc `ruj `bp`jucu ^NC sjki gbg`r~rmljk lfkncuc eb~jl
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
45/80
tjkju+ Nhjg mjh ckc gjlj `ruj MP ~cnjl ujgj nbkijk `ruj eb~jl
nckick+
Jtj`chj nc`jknckiljk nbkijk `ruj eb~jl nckick gjlj `ruj eb~jl
tjkju gbgtrksjc lblrpjkijk sjc~r urmr hb`cm ~ckiic njk yjl~r pbjluchb`cm hjgj+ Lbhb`cmjkksj jnjhjm pjucf hb`cm ~ckiic njpctjnj
b``jk&nbkuc~ju( hb`cm grpjm njk tpfubu hb`cm grnjm njk gjgtr
gbkimjuchljk tpfnrl sjki hb`cm prgc~+ Efk~fm Afpgrhjuc rk~rl eb~jl
tjkju ~bpnjtj~ njhjg ^j`bh >+2
^j`bh >+2 Afpgrhjuc `ruj eb~jl tjkju -~b`jh > ckemc#
Afpgrhjuc " y~
5444 GY ~pcfh -Ube'FM# :44
Uchclfk urpaje~jk~ 0+4
Nc`r~chbk ncjlpjl 4+02
U~jkkjfru fe~pj~ 4+04
^pcb~mshbk ncjgckb 4+:4
EAE':: :4+4
Yj~bp >+29
Nbkuc~ju 7 02 li&g5
>+:+> Mcim Pbucu~bkeb -MP# afjg
@ruj MP ncecpcljk nbkijk mcim `jhh pb`frkn -bhju~cu#( lbmchjkijk
mcu~bpcucu sjki pbknjm njk ajl~fp uji sjki ~ckiic+ @ruj MP njtj~
nctpfnrluc nbkijk `ruj uhj`u~fel j~jr ~bpeb~jl+
@ruj MP ~bpeb~jl `jksjl ncirkjljk njhjg `cnjki jr~fgf~ca njk
lrpuc gf`ch+ Jnj > gjejg ~blkfhfic tpfnrluc `ruj MP+
j+^blkfhfic epfuuhcklbp
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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`+^blkfhfic Tfhsfh Ipja~e+^blkfhfic Tfhsfh TMNn+^blkfhfic Cufesjkj~ lmruru@ruj MP `cjujksj gbkijknrki ubh ~bp~r~rt sjki gjkj jljk
gbkojnc ub`j` gjujhjm tbkibpr~jk `ruj+ Rk~rl gbkij~jucksj ubibpj
ub~bhjm nbgfhncki `ruj nclrj~ljk gbhjhrc eprumcki rk~rl gbgbejm
gbg`pjk ubh sjki ~bp~r~rt lbgrncjk ncerpcki nhjg fqbk+ Tbgchcmjk
sjki ~btj~ rk~rl urpaje~jk~ gbprtjljk ufhruc sjki tbk~cki ljpbkj
gjuhjm gbkilbpr~ j~jr `ruj sjki lfhjt+
^blkfhfic epfuuhcklbp+ Urj~r ubksjyj fpijkcl nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh
pbknjm gbkijknrki 0 j~jr hb`cm j~fg mcnpfibk jl~ca( ubtp~c K'gb~msh
ncb~mjkfhjgckb( ncb~mjkfhjgckb( ~pcb~mjkfhjgckb( ~pcgb~mshtpftjkb
nc~jg`jmljk lb njhjg tfhsfh rk~rl gbg`bk~rl ubigbk sjki lbpju
tjnj `ruj sjki ncmjuchljk+
^blkfhfic tfhsfh ipja~+ Tfhsfh ipja~ -Tfhsfh Tfhcgbp# nc`rj~ nbkijk ejpj
ipja~cki jepshfkc~pchb njk gfkfgbp u~pspbkb `bpnrj j~jr jepshfkc~pchb
ubkncpc nbkijk tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp lfkqbkucfjkjh+Tfhsfh ipja~ gbkrkorlljk
lbgjgtrjk ~jmjkjk `b`jk sjki gjkj gbkojij njhjg gbgckcgljk
tbg`bk~rljk `ruj ubh ~bp~r~rt ljpbkj `ruj ahbluc`bh ubh ~bp~r~rt ucjt
rk~rl gbklbpir~+
Ejgtrpjk sjki uburjc jnjhjm nbkijk tbkiirkjjk 94&54 un 24&24
njpc >244'1244 BF ~pcfh tfhsb~mbp nbkijk tfhsfh tfhcgbp `bpujgj
nbkijk ejgtrpjk =4?04 ^NC njk tfhcgbp GNC -Pjucf cufgbp =4&04#+
Ujj~ ckc ljknrkijk tjnj~ -ufhcn# sjki hb`cm ~ckiic tfhsfh ipja~ gcujh 54'
24" thsfh tjnj~ ~bhjm ~bpubncj nc tjujpjk+
^blkfhfic tfhsfh TMN( nc`rj~ nbkijk ejpj gbkjg`jmljk ^NC tbhjk'tbhjk lb njhjg ejgtrpjk tfhsfh lfkqbkucfkjh nk msnpjck nc`jyjm
tbkijnrljk lb~j~+ Ubejpj cku~jk~ msnpjck `bpjluc nbkijk ^NC
gbkimjuchljk ncutbpuc tfhsrpbj+ Ncutbpucc ~bpub`r~ u~j`ch njk ~cnjl
gbkibknjt+ Tfhsfh TMN gbgtrksjc lb~jmjkjk `b`jk ~ckiic sjki
lb~jmjkjk jtcksj orij kjcl+u
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
47/80
^blkfhfic Cufesjkj~ lmruru( tfhccufesjkj~ sjki ncirkjljk rk~rl
`ruj MP jnjhjm ^NC( GNC ejcp( ejgtrpjk ^NC njk GNC ejcp j~jr GNC
gbk~jm+ Rk~rl ~jg`jmjk thscufesjkj~( cufesjkj~ lmruru njtj~
ncirkjljk ubkncpc j~jr njhjg lfg`ckjuc nbkijk cufesjkj~ ncj~ju+
Tfhscufesjkj~ lmruru gbhctr~c ^NC sjki gbkijknrki cufesjkrpj~b(
^nc gbkijknrki `crpb~( ^NC sjki gbkijknrki jjehftmjkj~b njk
tpbtfhsgbp rpb~mjkb+ Tfhrcufesjkj~b lmruru gbgtrksjc lbhb`cmjk
ubgjejg bpucu~bkuc sjki ~ckiic+ Ubejpj rgrg afpgjuc `ruj ftbk ebhhbn(
ehfub ebhhbn njk lfhjt ubtbp~c ijg`jp >+9 `bpclr~ ckc+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
48/80
Obhju njpc ijg`jp c~r `jmyj `ruj ftbk ebhhbn njtj~ nctbpfhbm nbkijk
mjksj gbkojij lbubcg`jkijk nrj pbjluc sjc~r tbg`bk~rljk
tfhsrpb~mjkb njk tbgrkerhjk iju+ Jtj`chj tbgrkerhjk iju ~bphjhr
ebtj~ gjlj `ruj sjki gbkibg`jki njtj~ lfhjt ubtbp~c `ruj tjnj
gckrgjk `bbp( ljpbkj `ruj ~cnjl u~j`ch+
Ub`jhclksj jtj`chj tbg`bk~rljk tfhsrpb~mjkb ~bphjhr ebtj~
gbkimjuchljk `ruj sjki u~j`ch( ubh ~cnjl tbejm ubhjgj `ruj
gbkibg`jki njk jljk ~bpojnc ubh ~bp~r~rt+ Ubh ~bp~r~rt tbksb`j` `ruj
gbkilbpr~ ljpbkj ~bljkjk iju ck~bpkjh hb`cm pbknjm njpctj nj ~bljkjk
j~gfuabp+
Tbg`bk~rljk tfhcrpb~mjkb nctbpebtj~ nbkijk lj~jhcu ~ck( njk
tbg`bk~rljk iju ncurthjc fhbm pbjluc jk~jpj jcp njk cufesjkj~ sjki
nctpfgf~fpc fhbm jnjksj lj~jhcu ~bp~cjps jgckb+ Fhbm ljpbkj c~r oclj
nctbpfhbm `ruj sjki lfhjt tbkjg`jmjk lj~jhcu ~ck jljk jggtr
gbksbhbujcljk gjujhjm+ Ubprtj nbkijk c~r oclj nctbpfhbm `ruj ubh
~bp~r~rt tbkjg`jmjk lj~jhcu ~bp~cjps jgckb jljk gbksbhbujcljk
gjujhjm tbkilbpr~jk+
Tbkijprm lbbcg`jkijk jk~jpj tbgrkerhjk iju njk tbg`bk~rljk
tfhcgbp tjnj u~prl~rp ubh `ruj ubtbp~c tjnj ijg`jp ub`bhrgsjk+ Urj~r
afpgrhjuc rk~rl MP jnjhjm ub`jijc `bpclr~?
^j`bh >+1 Afpgrhjuc @ruj MP
Ljknrkijk "y~
Tfhsfh 1444 gfh y~ 10(>
Cufesjkj~b gfncacbn ^NC 54+2
@hfycki jibk~ -jcp# :+2
Lj~jhcu ^bp~cjps jgckb >+>
Tpfebuucki jcn+tmfutj~b bu~bp :+0
Ucaj~ Acucu
Nbkuc~ju -li+g5# >>u
CHN
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
49/80
02" -K&505 eg0#
12" -K&g#
::1
55>
Ajl~fp Uji 0+==
^bkuchb u~pbim~ -Ltj# 13
Bhfkij~cfk :44
^bjp u~pbim~ :>4
Efgtpbucfk ub~ " 5+2
@jhh Pb`frkn " 95
Urj~r Tbksbhbujcjk nc`r~rmljk rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj sjki
gbgtrksjc lblbpjujk nbkijk gfhncki fkb u~bt+ Ncrurhljk nbkijk
tpfubu 0 gjejg( ujhjm uj~r tpfubu jnjhjm gbkrjki 0 ucu~bg nbkijk 0
gbhjhrc 0 gc}cki mbjn lb njhjg gfhn+ Gb~fnb hjck gbkrjki ucu~bg
~rkiijh lb njhjg gfhn njk gbpr`jm cknblu cufesjkj~+ Ucu~bg ckc
`bpnjujp tjnj uc~bg GNC+
^j`bh >+= Tbp`jknckijk `ruj ahbluc`bh ~bpeb~jl
^blkcl Mf~ Erpb Efhn Erpb Ipja~ Tfhsfh TMN Tfhsfh Utbecjhc~s
Tfhsfh
Cufesjkj~b ^NC ^NC&GNC ^NC&GNC ^NC&GNC utbecjh
Tfhsfh
@bpj~ gfh
Rorki FM
Arke~cfkjhc~s
0=44'5244
Ube&tpcgjps
^pcfh
>244'1244
tpcgjps
^pcfh
>244'1244
tpcgjps
^pcfh
>244'1244
tpcgjps
^pcfh
>244'1244
tpcgjps
^pcfh
^bgtgfhn&E
52'12 02'52 52'>2 52'>2 52'>2
Tfu~ Erpcki Kf Kf Sbu Sbu Sbu
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
50/80
@ruj ~bpeb~jl lblbpjujk ijknj+ Ujj~ ckc ~bhjm `bplbg`jki `ruj
eb~jl nbkijk lblbpjujk ijknj+ Tpfnrl lrpuc f~fgf~ca njk arpkc~rp
gbprtjljk tpfnrl sjki gbkbljkljk tjnj lbksjgjkjk nbkijk ejpj
tbkiirkjjk nrj hjtcujk nbkijk nrj lblbpjujk sjki `bp`bnj+
>+:+> Bhju~fgbp Rpb~mjkb Gcepfubhrhbp -ljpb~#
Ubpcki ncub`r~ orij ub`jijc ljpb~ gclpfubhrhjp( nbkuc~juksj
`bpjnj tjnj lcujpjk 504'314 li&g5( `ruj ulck ck~bipjh gbgtrksjc
nbkuc~ju 944':444 li&g5 ncub`r~ orij ub`jijc ljpb~ gclpfubhrhjp+
Tfhsfhu r~jgj rk~rl ljpb~ gclpfubhrhbp gbhctr~c ncfh tfhsbu~bp
jhctmj~cl sjki gbgtrksjc `bpj~ gfhblrh :444'5444 njk tfhs'btuchfk'
ejtpfhje~fkb+ Tfhsef}s~b~pj gb~mshbk ihsefhu -T^GBI# njtj~ orij
ncirkjljk+ Tfhscufecjkj~ sjki ncirkjljk rk~rl ljpb~ gclpfubhrhbp
jnjhjm tpbtfhcgbp ^NC njk GNC ejcp( gcujhksj GNC gfncacljuc
ejp`fnccgcnb j~jr GNC gfncacljuc rpb~mjkb+
Ubksjyj mcnpfibk jl~ca `bpj~ gfhblrh pbknjm ubtp~c tbkibg`jki
pjk~jc -ubksjyj ncarke~cfkjh# njk epfuuhcklbn -ubnclc~ksj ~cij ubksjyj
ark~cfkjh# ncirkjljk nbkijk tfhsfh nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh sjki ~ckiic+
Ujhjm uj~r efk~fm emjck b}~bknbn jnjhjm ihsefh( gcujhksj jnjhjm :(>
`r~jncbkfh( b~mshbk ihslfh njk jpfgj~cl ncjgckb( ubtbp~c GE@J -jyjhksj
GFEJ# ->(>'gb~mshbk'`cu'-0'emhfpfjkchckb##+ GE@J gbkimjuchljk ljpb~
sjki ujkij~ blubhbk~( ~b~jtc nc~rnrm ub`jijc ljpuckfibk njk fhbm jlpbkj
c~r mjpru ubhjhr ncgfkc~fp nbkijk mj~c'mj~c+ Ujj~ ckc tbkiijk~c GE@J
urnjm jnj nc tjujpjk+
Epfuu hcklbp gbhctr~c ~pc~mjkfhjkbjgckb njk ~pcgb~mshfhtpftjkb+
Emjck blu~bknbp njk epfuu hcklbp sjki ncub`r~ ncj~ju gbg`bk~rl
ubigbk sjki` lbpju njhjg gbkimjuchljk ljpb~ njk tfhsfh `bpj~ gfhblrh~ckiic gbg`bk~rl ubigbk sjki hrkjl+ Lbubcg`jkijk jk~jpj ubigbk
sjki hrkjl njk lbpju jljk gbg`bk~rl bhju~cuc~ju sjki `jcl+
@hfycki jibk~ rk~rl ljpb~ gclpfubhrhbp jnjhjm jcp+ Orghjm jcp
mjpru jlrpj~ njk lbjlrpj~jkksj njtj~ nctbpfhbm nbkijk hjpr~jk sjki
gbkijknrki jcp+ Hjpr~jk c~r jk~jpj hjck hjpr~jk ufncrg urhafkj~ njpc
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51/80
gcksjl qbib~j`hb sjki gbkijknrki uborghjm lbech jcp+ Lj~jhcu sjki
ncirkljk jnhjm lj~jhcu sjki ujgj tjnj `ruj rpb~mjkb+ @jmjk'`jmjk
c~r ncejgtrp njk nc~rjkiljk lb njhjg eb~jljk sjki tjkju njk ncerpcki
ubhjgj yjl~r ~bp~bk~r+ U~bhjm nbgfhncki nchjlrljk tfu~ erpb rk~rl
gbksbgtrpkjljk pbjluc tbg`bk~rljk tfhcgbp+
Ljpb~ gclpfubhrhbp ncirkjljk ubejpj hrju tjnj umfel jnufp`cki
tjnj `cnjki f~fgf~ca ubtbp~c ck~c `bgtbp( urutbkuc tbpjhj~jk( gbuck
tpbucuc( ufh ubtj~r( mjl ubtj~r njk ubtj~r fhjm pjij+
>+:+2 @ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh ck~bipjh ulck
@ruj ck~bipjh ulck gbprorl tjnj `ruj ubha ulckkcki j~jr ubha
ulckkbn+ @ruj ckc gbgchclc lrhc~ tbpgrljjk sjki nbkuc~juksj ~ckiic njk
ck~c nbkuc~ju pbknjm+ Lbubhrprmjk nbkuc~ju `bplcujp jk~jpj 044'::44
li&g5+
@ruj ck~bpipjh ulck nclhjucacljucljk gbkojnc 0 gjejg sjlkc
ahbluc`bh njk pcicn+ Ubhjkor~ksj jljk nc`jmju obkcu ahbluc`bh ck~bpipjh
ulck+
Tbg`rj~jk ck~bipjh ulck ahbluc`bh+ Lb`jksjljk tfhscufesjkj~ sjki
ncirkjljk rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj ck~bipjh ulck ahbluc`bh jnjhjm GNC ejcp
njk ^NC tpb tfhcgbp+ Rtjsj rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj ck~bipjh ulck pckijk
ncirkjljk jhctmj~cl nccufesjkj~ gcujh MNC -Mb}jgb~mshbk nccufesjkj~#
njk CTNC -Cuftmpfkb nccufesjkj~# njhjg `bk~rl gfncacljuc+
Tfhsfh sjki ncirkjljk rk~rl`ruj ncj~ju gbhctr~c tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp
sjki gbgtrksjc `bpj~ gfhblrh 0444 un =444 njk are~cfkjhc~jksj nrj
j~jr ~cij+ Tfhsfh tfhsb~mbp tpcgbp `bprorki mcnpfluch sjki hb`cm efefl
ncirkjljk+ Emjck b}~bknbp njk epfuu hcklbp ornj ncirkjljk `bpujgj
tfhsfh rk~rl gbg`bk~rl ubigbk sjki lbpju njpc `ruj ljpb~ sjki
ncmjuchljk+
@hfycki jibk~ sjki ncirkjljk njhjg tbg`rj~jk `ruj ck~bipjh
ulck jnjhjm ufhqbk~ kfk pbjl~ca sjki gbgchclc ~c~cl ncncm pbknjm( ubtbp~c
EAE':: -~c~cl ncncm 0>E#+ Ufhqbk ~bpub`r~ ~cnjl gbkirjt nc tbpgrljjk
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
52/80
gfhn nckick njk gbkimjuchljk lrhc~ pbuck sjki ~ckiic+ Lb~b`jhjk njpc
lrhc~ nclfk~pfh fhbm tbp`bnjjk ~bgtbpj~rp jk~jpj gfhn njk ~bgtbpj~rp
ejgtrpjk `ruj njhjg gfhn( ubtbp~c ~bljkjk tbg`rujjk sjki grkerh
ljpbkj fqbptjelcki njpc ucu~bg tbg`rujjk njhjg gfhn+
Jcp ~cnjl efefl ncirkjljk ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~ rk~rl
tbg`rj~jk lrhc~ sjki tjnj~( fhbm ljpbkj c~r mjksj ncirkjljk njhjg
`b`bpjtj ljuru+ Tbkiirkjjk EAE sjki nc`j~juc gbknfpfki tbkejpcjk
gb~fnb `jpr+
Ujhjm uj~r gb~fnb sjki nclbg`jkiljk jnjhjm gbkiirkjljk jcp
:44" ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~ `ruj ck~bpipjh ulck+ Ucaj~ acucuksj ~bhjm
nchjtfpljk `b`bpjtj chgryjk -Gjnjo nll#+ Lj~jhcu sjki ncirkjljk
njhjg ck~bipjh ulck jnjhjm ~bp~cjps jgckb ubtbp~c ~pcb~mshbk ncjgckb(
fpijkf~ck ubtbp~c nc`r~mshbk nchjrpj~b njk ejgtrpjk lbnrjksj+ Jnc~ca
ubgjejg tcigbk njk ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ njtj~ orij ncirkjljk njhjg
usu~bg tbg`rujjk+
Ucaj~ nbkuc~ju njpc ck~bipjh ulck rk~rl tpfnrl lfgbpucjh `bplcujp
jk~jpj 544 un 324 li&g5 njk lblbpjujk umjpb J ublc~jp 34+ Lblbpjujk
umfpb N ublc~jp >4'34+ Ijg`jp >+= gbkrkorlljk efk~fm ncu~pc`ruc `ruj
ck~bipjh ulck+
Ijg`jp >+= Tpfacl nbkuc~ju `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh ck~bipjh ulck
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
53/80
Hckilrt jthcljuc `ruj ulck ck~bipjh ujkij~ ~bpijk~rki tjnj
nbkuc~ju `ruj ubtbp~c `bpclr~ ckc+
Nbkuc~ju -li&g5# Jthcljuc
544 -:5':3 tea# Ubnbh ubtbnj( ck~bpcfp gf`ch
144 -02'5=tea# Ufh ubtj~r
::44 ->>'13 tea# @fns hrjp f~fgf~ca
>+:+1 @ruj ahbluc`bh ahjgb pb~jpnjk~
Lbgjgtrjk `jmjk sjki ~ckiic njk tbgrkerhjk iju sjki `bpjerk
njpc `ruj rpb~mjkb ahbuc`bh gbprtjljk gjujhjm r~jgj njhjg cknru~pc
`ruj+ Fhbm ljpbkj c~r nchjlrljk rujmj rk~rl gbg`rj~ sjki ubejpj
ur`~jkucjh jnjhjm `ruj ahbluc`bh sjki ahjgb pb~jpnjk~+
Tjnj ~jmrk :3=5(Gf`js embgcejh gbhrkerpljk EGMP
-Efg`r~cfk'gfncacbn mcim Pbucu~bkeb Afjg#+ @ruj ~bpub`r~ `bpnjujp
tjnj thhsfh TMN njk ^NC njk gbkijknrki grj~jk sjki ~ckiic jhrgckj
msnpj~b njk tbgchcmjk sjki mj~c'mj~c njpc obkcu ajhgb pb~jpnjk~+ @JUA
gbkirurhljk tbkiirkjjk grj~jk ~ckiic gbhjgck ub`jijc ahjgb
pb~jpnjk~+ Ujj~ ckc lfg`ckjuc gbhjgck njk tfhsfh gbkijknrki tmfutfp
nc~bhc~c fhbm fhck+
Afuaj~ bu~bp ~bpmjhfibkjuc njk `jksjl sjki hjck ahjgb pb~jpnjk~
ubtbp~c ubksjyj gbkijknrki afuafp gbkijknrki afuafp ~bpgjurl
emhfpckb njk `pfgckb ubejpj ck~bkuca nc~bhc~c fhbm gchjnf+
Ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ sjki hjck+Ubksjyj fpijkcl sjki gbkijknrki
kc~pfibk ubhjck gbhjgck( ubgjejg ijpjg gbhjgck jug
tmbkfhtmfutfpce( gb~mshfh gbhjgck njk jhlch b~mbpu ubp~j sjki hjck'hjck+
>+:+9 @ruj Rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh kfk EAE
Lb`r~rmjk jljk `hfycki jibk~ jh~bpkj~ca tbkiijk~c EAE nc`jmju
tjnj `j` `hfycki jibk~+ Urnjm nclb~jmrc `jmyj tbg`rj~jk njk
tbkiirkjjk EAE sjki gbkijlc`j~ljk tbkctcujk ffkb nchjpjki
ncubhrprm nrkcj ubojl ~jmrk :332+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
54/80
Gb~mshbk emhfpcnb ~bhjm ncirkjljk ub`jijc jh~bpkj~ca rk~rl EAE'
::+ Tbkiirkjjk ~rkiijh gb~mshbk emhfpcnb -GE# gbkrjc gjujhjm njhjg
tpfubucki njk hckilrkijk ljpbkj jhjujk ~fluckc~ju -`bpjerk#+
Jcp ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~ ~rkiijh gbgtrksjc `b`bpjtj gjujhjm(
~bpgjurl qculfuc~ju sjki ~ckiic( hb`cm bluf~bpg sjki jljk `bpjlc`j~
tjnj pbuclf jtc sjki hb`cm `bujp( `ruj lbpju( mjpij lfgtpbucfk ub~
~ckiic( lbmchjkijk mcu~bpcucu ~ckiic( bhfkijuc pbknjm( ~bjp u~pbim~ pbknjm
njk lburhc~jk tpfnrluc `ruj ck~bipjh ulck+ Tbkiirkjjk jcp ub`jijc
`hfycki jibk~ ~rkiijh ~bhjm `jksjl nctbhjojpc njk nc~bhc~c+
>+:+= @ruj qcuefbhju~cu njk @ruj bkbpic jnufp`cki
@ruj qculfbhju~cu gbkrkorlljk abkfgbkj pbhjlujuc ~bljkjk
ubtbp~c tbkrknjjk ~bpmjnjt tbgrhcmjk nbafpgjuc ub~bhjm tbkbljkjk+
@ruj c~r gbgbphrljk yjl~r 0'54 nb~cl rk~rl lbg`jhc lb `bk~rl
ubgrhj ub~bhjm tbkbljkjk 24"+ Ub`jhclksj `ruj MP njk `ruj
tfhcrpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh gbg`r~rmljk yjl~r sjki ujkij~ tbknbl mjgtcp
lrpjki njpc : nb~cl+ Mjh ckc `bpjp~c `ruj ~bpub`r~ gbgtrksjc pbuclf
bhju~cuc~ju pbknjm j~jr tbksbpjtjk bkbpicksj lbech+
@ruj qcuefhbhju~cu ncecpcljk nbkijk gjikc~r~b sjki ~ckiic
tbksbpjtjk bkbpic( lbmchjkijk mcu~bpcucu 4"( njgtcki urjpj njk
ib~jpjk+
Lbgjgtrjk tbksbpjtjk bkbpic sjki ~ckiic ckc gbsb`j`ljk `ruj
qculfbhju~cu ubpcki ncub`r~ `ruj tbksbpjt bkbpic j~jr tbksbpjt urjpj+
Ucaj~ tbksbpjtjk urjpj njk tbksbpjt mbk~jljk jnjhjm nrj mjh sjki
`bp`bnj( ubmckiij afpgrhjuc ft~cgrg tbg`rj~jkksj ~cnjlhjm ujgj+
@ruj tbksbpjt bkbpic ~bhjm `jksjl ncirkjljk ub`ijc ck~c `rgtbp
gf`ch+ Efk~fm hjckjthcljuc `ruj qculfbhju~cu jnjhjm lrpcu tbujyj~ prjkijkiljuj KJUJ( lrpuc `jic fpjki fpjki hjgj nrnrl ubtbp~c lrpuc ~prel(
tblbpoj ljk~fp( tchf~ tbujyj~( lrpuc fpjki ejej~( orij tjnj `cnjki fhjm
pjij sjki gbg`r~rmljk lbksjgjkjk ubtbp~c tjnj ujnbh ubtbnj(
gj~pju ubkjg( hckcki mbhg( tbijkijk ljtjh njk hjck'hjck+
>+:+3 @ruj Ahbluc`bh `bp`jucu Tfhsfh tfhcackce
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
55/80
@ruj ckc nc`rj~ nbkijk gbkiirkjljk tfhsfh tfhcackce GNC ejcp njk
jcp ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~+ Ujkij~hjm gbkjpcl rk~rl ncej~j~ `jmyj `ruj
ckc ncecpcljk nbkijk kchjc efgtpbuucfk ub~ ujkij~ pbknjm gbhbyj~c
lcujpjk hb`jp njpc cufesjkj~ sjc~r =4':04+ Mjh ~bpub`r~ gbgrkilckljk
rk~rl qjpcjk sjki hrju tjnj tbkiirkjjk pjucf tbkejgtrpjkksj+
Ucu~bg ckc orij ~bhjm ncgfncacljuc nbkijk tbkjg`jmj nc`bksh
ufp`c~fh jijp ~mc}f~pftcec~juksj ~ckiic ~bpmjnjt ucu~bg rk~rl gbkojij
tbkb~pjuc ucu~bg lb njhjg ubh `ruj+ Rk~rl jhjujk ckc ucu~bg `ruj sjki
lbech ubtbp~c : un :4 eg5( rk~rl tbp`jcljk `jpjki'`jpjki mjuch eb~jljk
lrpuc `ruj gf`ch gbkirpjkic `jpjki pbobe~ jlmcpksj gbkimjuchljk
`cjsj tpfnrluc hb`cm pbknjm+
>+0 @ruj Ubgc Pcicn
Nbackc `ruj rpb~mjkb ubgc pcicn j~jr ubgc ahbluc`bh ~cnjl obhju(
ijpcu `j~ju jk~jpj pcicn njk `ruj ahbluc`bh ~cnjl ncnbackcucljk nbkijk
obhju+ Ubejpj rgrg ncajmjgljk `jmyj `ruj ubgc pcicn gbgtrksjc ucaj~
lb~jmjkjk `b`jk sjki hb`cm ~ckiic njpctjnj `ruj ahbluc`bh+ @bpnjujp
pblfqbpc sjki hb`cm ubgtrpkj njpc nbafpgjuc lfgtpbucqb `ruj ckc njtj~
nclhjucacljucljk ub`jijc `ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh njhjg lfkurguc `ruj
rpb~mjkb+
Tpfubu gjkrajl~rp+Tpbtfhcgbp njk tpfubu fkb umf~ njtj~
ncirkjljk ~b~jtc tpfubu fkb umf~ `bp`jucu tfhsgbpce cufesjkj~
ncirkjljk ub`jijc prorljk ljpbkj lbgrnjmjk tpfubuksj( ncgjkj
ucu~bg gbgtrksjc qculfuc~ju pbknjm ubejpj pbhj~ca tfhcgbp cufesjkj~
lrpjki `bpjerk njk ubnclc~ gjujhjm hckilrkijkksj+
Lbpricjk njpc tpfubu fkb umf~ jnjhjm lbgrkilckjk ~bp`bk~rlksj`ruj sjki gbkilbpr~ ljpbkj ljknrkijk ubh ~bp~r~rt sjki pbhj~ca ~ckiic+
Ub`jhclksj tpfubu tpbtfhcgbp `bp`jucu ^NC gbgtrksjc lbhb`cmjk
~bpgjurl gjgtr jhcp njhjg gfhn njk ljknrkijk ftbk ebhh sjki hb`cm
~ckiic+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
56/80
Tpfubu tpbtfhcgbp( ubgc tpbtfhcgbp lb`jksjljk nchjlrljk pbjluc
^NC njk tfhsfh rk~rl gbknjtj~ljk ljknrkijk KEF( 2':4"+ Tfhsfh
sjki ncirkjljk ub`jijc tpbtfhcgbp `cjujksj ej`jki jgckb j~jr tfhsfh
tfhcb~mbp `bp`jucu TF `bpjyjh ihclfh sjki gbgchclc `bpj~ gfhblrh Ej
144'>444+ Tfhcbu~bp nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh :444'0444 njtj~ orij
ncirkjljk+
Tpfubu fkb umf~+ ^NC gfkfgbpcl -=4&04 njk 12&52 pjucf cufgbp#
tjnj jyjh cknru~pc tfhsrpb~mjkb ncirkjljk lfgtfkbk tfhscufesjkj~+
^NC gbgchclc gjujhjm sjc~r `bpjerk ujj~ ckc lb`jksjljk cufesjkj~ ~bhjm
ncijk~cljk fhbm tfhcgbp cufesjkj~ njk tbkiirkjjk ^NC gbkojnc hb`cm
nc`j~juc+
Njhjg `jksjl ljuru `ruj rpb~mjkb ubgc pcicn nctpfnrluc nbkijk
gbkiirkjljk ucu~bg 0 lfgtfkbk sjc~r lfgtfkbk J -Tfhscufesjkj~
lfgtfkbk# njk lfgtfkbk @ -ejgtrpjk njpc `jmjk hjckksj `r~jncbkfh( ncb~mjkfh
jgckb( gb~msh ncb~mjkfh jgckb#( : un 5 t`y jcp( +:':4 t`y lj~jhcu( 4+2'0+
4 t`y urpaje~jk~+ Afpgrhjuc mjpn gc}ckiksj ubtbp~c ~j`bh >+3
^j`bh >+3 Afpgrhjuc @ruj ubgc pcicn fkb umf~
Lfgtfkbk J
Tfhsgbpce cufesjkj~b -KEF"?5:# 94 t`y
Lfgtfkbk @
Tfhsbu~mbp -FM Kf( GY 5444# 32+4
Zrjnpfh 2+4u
Yj~bp 5+4
^G@NJ 4+2
Nj`ef ^':0 4+45
Urpaje~jk~ 0+4
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
57/80
Ucaj~
Nbkuc~ju(li&g5 2>+4
^bkuchb u~pbim~( li&eg0 :+09
Bhfkij~cf " 24
Jthcljuc+ Lbirkjjk r~jgj njpc `ruj ubgc pcicn njhjg jpbj
f~fgf~ca( lmruruksj ub`jijc ck~bpcfp gb`bh( ncirkjljk ub`jijc umfel
jnufp`cki( tjkbh cku~prgbk~( lfk~pfh `f}( tbijkijk tck~r( `jk~jhjk
lbtjhj( ~bgtj~ ~jkijk njk tbkr~rt uckjp gj~jmjpc+
>+5 @ruj Rpb~mjkb Pcicn
@ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn -pjucf ~ckiic lb~jmjkjk ~bpmjnjt nbkuc~ju#
jnjhjm `ruj lbpju sjki gbgchclc ahbluc`chc~ju sjki pbknjm+ Mjh ckc
gbkrkorlljk nbafpgjuc tbpgjkbk sjki gjkj ~cnjl jnj tbgrhcmjk
lbg`jhc ub~bhjm nbafpgjuc j~jr lfgtpbuc+ Nbkijk lj~j hjck lrpqj
nbahbluc lfgtpbuc njpc `ruj tfhsrpb~mjk pcicn gbkrkorlljk ~c~cl ujoj+
Lb`jhcljk njpc `ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh( `ruj pcicn rpb~mjkb
gbgtrksjc u~prl~rp lcgcj epfuu hcklbn sjki ~ckiic njk tpbubk~juc ~ckiic
ubh ~bp~r~rt gbhb`cmc 34"+ @ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn nclhjucacljucljk ub`jijc
`bpclr~ ?
' @ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn grpkc -~cnjl ~bpgfncacljuc#' @ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn gfncacljuc( ~bpgjurl nc njhjgksj gfncacljuc
cufesjkj~( gfncacljuc btf}s( gfncacljuc jgcnb njk gfncacljuc
f}jfhcnfkb+
Tpfnrluc+ Tfhscufesjkj~ sjki ncirkjljk njhjg `ruj rpb~mjkb
pcicn gbhctr~c ^NC tpbtfhcgbp( eprnb ^NC( GNC gfncacljuc cufesjkj~
tfhcgbp -gfncacljuc tfhcgbp#+ ^NC -=4&04 pjucf cufgbp# ~cnjl ubejpj hrju
ncirkjljk ljpbkj gbgrtksjc ljknrkijk cufesjkj~ sjki ~ckiic jljk
gbkimjuchljk `ruj sjki grk~cp njhjg tbg`rj~jk `ruj `hfl sjki
`bujp+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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u Gjkrajl~rp `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn njtj~ gbkiirkjljk tpfubu fkb
umf~ gjrtrk tpfubu ubgc tpbtfhcgbp+ Tpfubu fkb umf~ sjki `bp`jucu
tjnj gfkfgbp ^NC mjksj nctjljc tjnj ~jmjt jyjh cknru~pc `ruj
tfhsrpb~mjkb+ Tbgjljck gfkfgbp ^NC urnjm ujkij~ `bplrpjki ljpbkj
jhjujk ~fluck njk lburhc~jk rk~rl gbkifk~pfh pbjl~cac~ju ljpbkj tbpubk
ljknrkijk KEF sjki ~ckiic+ Ljpbkj jhjujk ~bpub`r~ ujj~ ckc sjki hb`cm
ncirkjljk jnjhjm tpbtfhcgbp ^NC( ejgtrpjk tpbtfhcgbp ^NC njk
cufesjkj~ tfhcgbpcl njk tfhcgbpce cufesjkj~ :44"+
Tjnj cknru~pc tbknckick prgjm ~jkiij -lrhlju# tbkiirkjjk ^NC
gbk~jm -ljknrkijk KEF pbknjm gbkijknrki ubksjyj fhcifgbpcl
ubtbp~c cufesjkj~ njk fhcifgbp `bpobkcu ejp`fnccgckb# ncirkjljk ubejpj
gbhrju ljpbkj `cjsjksj grpjm+
Tjnj tbpucjtjk ubgc tpbtfhcgbp `jucu ^NC( ^NC =4&04 njk tfhsfh
`bp`jucu urlpfuj njk ufp`c~fh ncpbjlucljk rk~rl gbknjtj~ljk ubgc
tpbtfhcgbp gbkijknrki `b`ju 54 " KEF+
Tfhsfh `jksjl ncirkjljk rk~rl `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn jnjhjm tfhsfh
tfhcb~mbp+ Tfhcbu~bp mjksj ncirkjljk tjnj jyjh tbplbg`jkijk ljpbkj
qculfuc~ju sjki ~ckiic( ark~cfkjh ~ckiic( u~j`chc~ju pbknjm njk `ruj sjki
ncmjuchljk `cjsjksj gjmjh+@hfycki jibk~ sjki ubpcki nctjljc jnjhjm
EAE'::+
Mr`rkijk jk~jpj orghjm EAE':: njk nbkuc~ju `ruj njtj~ nchcmj~
tjnj ijg`jp >+3 ubp~j mr`rkijk jk~jpj orghjm jcp njk nbkuc~ju `ruj
tjnj ijg`jp >+:4
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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Tpfubu tpbtfhcgbp ^NC+ Tpfubu ckc gbgtrksjc lbhb`cmjk njhjg
lbgjgtrjk jhcp tjnj tpfubu tfrp ck thjeb j~jr tpfubu `bp`jucu GNC
tfhcgbpcl+ Urj~r efk~fm ^NC `bp`jucu tpbtfhcgbp njk afpgrhjuc rk~rl
gbg`rj~ `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn tjnj uljhj lbech jnjhjm ub`jijc `bpclr~+
Tbpmc~rkijk orghjm^Nc =4&04 nc`r~rmljk rk~rl gbknjtj~ljk
tpbtfhcgbp sjki gbgchclc 54" `b`ju KEF ncgjurlljk lb njhjg ibhju
pbjluc+ Ucu~bg nctjkjuc ujgtjc urmr 94'=4E+ Tjnj ~bgtbpj~rp sjki
ujgj tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp ub`jksjl u~flcfgb~pcu ncgjurlljk tbhjk'tbhjk
ncubp~jc tbkijnrljk+ Urmr pbjluc ncojij nc`jyjm 34 E nbkijk
gbkifk~pfh hjor tbkjg`jmjk tfhsfh njk nbkijk tbkij~rpjk tbgjkjujk
ubhr`rkiksj+
Ub~bhjm pbjluc bluf~bpg ubhbujc( nchjlrljk tbkjg`jmjk tjku
ubhjgj 4+2 un :ojg+ Tjnj ~bgtbpj~rp sjki ujgj+ Ubhr`rki tbgjkju
ubhjko~ksj ncmchjkiljk njk lb~bh pbjluc nc`cjpljk gbkojnc nckick+ Pbjluc
~bpub`r~ ~cnjl gbgbphrljk lj~jhcu+ Tjnj tbg`rj~jk uljhj lbech( : un 0
hc~bp( gb~fnj ubnpmjkj `bpclr~ njtj~ nchjlrljk+ ^NC =4&04 njk tfhsfh
ncejgtrp njhjg urmr prjki njhjg ibhju pbjluc njk nchjlrljk
tbkijnrljk+ Pjecljk ~bpub`r~ nctjkjuc 94'=4E nbkijk tbkijnrljk
njk ncojij tjnj ~bgtbpj~rp ~bpub`r~ ubhjgj 0 ujgtjc 5 ojg+ Mjuch
pbjluc lbgrncjk nc`cjpljk nckick ujgtjc urmr prjkijk+
Ub`bhrg tbg`rj~jk tpbtfhcgbp jnjhjm ujkij~ tbk~cki rk~rl
ncckij~ `jmyj ljknrkijk jcp njhjg tfhsfh ujkij~ ubnclc~( hb`cm lbech
njpctjnj 4+40 " njk kchjc tM sjki pbknjm njhjg rtjsj rk~rl gbkojij
ibhj~cfk njhjg tbg`rj~jk tpbtfhcgbp+ ^j`bh >+:4 gbkrkorlljk
afpgrhjuc `ruj rpb~mjk pcicn nbkijk tpfubu ubgc tpbtfhcgbp rk~rl
gbknjtj~ljk nbkuc~ju `ruj 54 li&g5 nbkijk mjpn gc}cki+u^j`bh >+:4 Afpgrhjuc `ruj pcicn nc`rj~ nbkijk tpfubu ubgc tpbtfhcgbp
Lfgtfkbk J Ubgc tpbtfhcgbp
^NC&Tfhsfh `bp`jucu urlpfub(" KEF 54# :44 t`y
Lfgtfkbk @
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
60/80
Tfhsfh&Tfhsb~mbp `bp`jucu urlpfub -FM Kf 514# ::9
EAE':: :2+4
Uchcefkb Urpaje~jk~ :+4
Jgck lj~jhcu :+2
^ck lj~jhcu 4+0
Tpfubu fkb umf~ ^NC eprnb -gbk~jm#+ Njhj tpfubu ubgc tpbtfhcgbp
^NC( tpfubu fkb umf~ gbkiirkjljk ^NC gbk~jm ubejpj hrju ncirkjljk
rk~rl `jmjk ckurhjuc pbacibpjuc ljpbkj `cjsj pbknjm yjhjrtrk gjgtr
jhcp ucu~bg ckc hb`cm pbknjm njpctjnj tpfubu tpbtfhcgbp ^NC+
^nc gbk~jm gbgtrksjc arke~cfkjhc~s pj~j'pj~j hb`cm njpc nrj
ljpbkj gbkijknrki ^NC Ncgbp( ^pcgbp njk ubksjyj sjki gbkijknrki
ejp`fnccgcnb+ Tbpubk KEF njhjg ^NC gbk~jm ublc~jp >4"( hb`cm pbknjm
njpc ^NC grpkc ~b~jtc hb`cm ~ckiic njpc GNC gbk~jm sjki ujgj nbkijk
ubgc tpbtfhcgbp `bp`jucu ^NC( lbnrjksj gbgchclc 54" apbb KEF+ Obkcu
njk orghjm lj~jhcu njk urpajl~jk `bp`bj unlc~ nbkijk ubgc tpbtfhcgbp
`bp`jucu ^NC+
Tpfubu fkb umf~ GNC tfhcgbpcl+ @ruj pcicn tfhcrpb~mjkb
tbkibg`jki ahrfpf ejp`fk sjki `bp`jucu cufesjkj~ tfhcgbpcl jnjhjm
sjki tjhcki `jksjl ncirkjljk rk~rl `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn+ Tjnj ujj~ ckc
`ruj gbgchclc ckurhjuc ~bpgjh ~ckiic( pbknjm ~fluck( tpf`hbg hckilrkijk
sjki lbech( grnjm nctpfubu( yjl~r erpcki ebtj~ njk tpfnrl~cac~juksj
hb`cm ~ckiic njpctjnj `ruj `bp`jucu ^NC+ Ujhjm uj~r efk~fm afpgrhjuc fkb
umf~ rk~rl tbg`rj~jk `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn nbkuc~ju pbknjm ubtbp~c ~j`bh
>+:0 `bpclr~
^j`bh >+:4 Afpgrhjuc Tpfubu Fkb Umf~
Lfgtfkbk J Ubgc tpbtfhcgbp
Tfhgbpce GNC(" KEF 54# :42t`y
Lfgtfkbk @
Tfhsfh&Tfhsb~mbp `bp`jucu urlpfub -FM Kf 514# :44
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
61/80
EAE':: 0=+4
Uchcefkb Urpaje~jk~ :+2
Jgck lj~jhcu 4+5
^ck lj~jhcu 4+0
Pbje~cqc~s( ubefkn
Epbjg ~cgb 02
Pcub ^cgb 51
^jel apbb ~cgb >2
Ucaj~ @ruj
Nbkuc~s 0+1
Lblrj~jk ~bljk
Tjpjhbh 22+:
Tbptbkncerhjp :9+9
l'Ajl~j -@~r ck&mp+a~0 A# 4+52
Epbjg ~cgb( ibh ~cgb( ~jel apbb ~cgb nctbkijprmc fhbm urmr hckilrkijk(
urmr lfgtfkbk njk hbqbh lj~jhcu+
>+5+: @ruj Rpb~mjk Pcicn Tbkibkbg`jki kfk EAE
@ruj rpb~jk pcicn ncecpcljk nbkijk ubh sjki ~bp~r~r~t(
lfknrl~cqc~ju ~bpgjhksj ujkij~ nctbkijprmc fhbm iju
tbkibg`jkiubgjejg ljp`fk ncflucnj njnk EAE+
Tjnj tbplbg`jkijk jyjh cknru~pc tfhcrpb~jk( `ruj nclbg`jkiljk
nbkijk jcp+ Tbkibp~cjk `ruj tfhcrpb~jk pcicn `bpjyjh njpc lbgjgtrjk
tjnj ckurhjuc `ruj ski ~ckiic&lfknrl~cqc~ju ~bpgjh sjki pbknjm njk
tbkibg`jki EAE'::+ Ujj~ ckc ljpbkj gjujhjm tbtckctujk ffk(
tbkiirkjjk EAE ujkij~ nc`j~juc njk ncmchjkiljk+
@hfycki jibk~ jh~bpkjj~ca tbkiijk~c EAE jnjhjm MEAE gbhctr~c
MEAE :>1( MEAE :05 njk MEAE 00+ Tbkiirkjjk MEAE 00 ub`jijc
`hfycki jibk~ rk~rl `ruj pcicn urnjm grhjc ncef`j( njk ujj~ ckc ~bkijm
nc~bhc~c tbkiirkjjk `hfycki jibk~ lfg`ckjuc jk~jpj MEAE njk jcp+
>+5+0 @ruj Pcicn Tfhsrpb~jk Ahjgb Pb~jpnjk~
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
62/80
Ujhjm uj~r jthcljuc tbk~cki `ruj pcicn jnjhjm njhjg ubl~fp
`jkirkjk+ Tbkiirkjjk njhjg `jkirkjk gbknjtj~ `j~jujk ncub`j`ljk
gjujhjm ubpcru `ruj pcicn nbkijk jtc+
Uborghjm ahjugb pb~jpnjk~ ubhjgj 54 ~jmrk ~bpjlmcp ~bhjm ncef`j
njhjg tbg`rj~jk `ruj pcicn+ Ujsjkiksj( ubejpj ur`~jkucjh ~cnjl jnj
ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ sjki gbkojncljk `ruj pcicn ~jmjk ~bpmjnjt jtc+ Pjk~jc
rpb~jk jtj`chj ~bplbkj tjkju gbkojnc ~cnjl u~j`ch njk gbkimjuchljk
ubksjyj nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh pbknjm sjki grnjm ~bp`jljp+u
Tbg`rj~jk `ruj rpb~jk ~stb pcicn hb`cm urhc~ nc`jknckiljk
tbg`rj~jk `ruj sjki hjck+ Tpckuctksj `ruj pcicn ~jmjk jtc mjksj `cuj
nctpfnrluc nbkijk gbkiirkjljk pjk~jc sjki hb`cm u~j`ch njpctjnj
pjk~jc rbp~jk ubtbp~c pjk~jc cufesjkj~+ Ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ `bparkiuc
gbkimjg`j~ tbksb`jpjk jtc tjnj ahjgb pb~jpnjk~+
@ruj pcicn ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ njtj~ nctpfnrluc gbkiirkjljk ahjgb
p~jpnjk~ obkcu pbjl~ca njk jnc~ca j~jrtrk lfg`ckjuc njpc lbnrjksj+
Ljhucacljuc `ruj pcicn ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ njtj~ nchjljk nbkijk gbhjlrljk
tbkirocjk ~b~jtc mjuchksj `bhrg `cuj gbkiijg`jpljk lblrj~jk jtc
sjki ub`bkjpksj+
Jh~bpkj~ca rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj pcicn ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ jnjhjm
gbkiirkjljk tfhsfh tfhsb~mbp sjki gbkijknrki iriru mjhfibk njk
tmfutfpfru+ Lb~bp`j~jujk ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ obkcu ckc jnjhjm ~cg`rhksj
pjerk iju'jtc+
>+5+5 ^blkfhfic Tbg`rj~jk @ruj Rpb~jk Pcicn
@ruj rpb~jk pcicn njtj~ nctpfnrluc nbkijk `bp`jijc gjejg
gb~fnb sjki `bp`bnj( ub`jijcgjkj `bpclr~ ckc?
Tpfnrluc uhj`u~fel( `ruj pcicn uhj`u~fel nctpfnrluc ubejpj lfk~ckrgbkiirkjljk gbuck lfkqbsfp mfpcufk~jh+ Ub`jhclksj tpfubu `j~emksj
gbkiirkjljk `f}+ Gb~fnb tbg`rujjk njhjg `f} ~cnjl babucbk ~b~jtc
hjsjl nc~bpjtljk rk~rl tpfnrluc uljhj lbech+ @ruj uhj`u~fel nctpfnrluc
rk~rl lbtbphrjk jk~jpj hjck tjtjk ckurhjuc( tbg`rkilru tctj njk
`bp`jijc ckurhjuc sjki hjck
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
63/80
Tfrp ck tjheb( gb~fnb ckc ncirkjljk rk~rl tpfnrluc pbacibpj~fp(
nbbt apbbbp( tjkbh ujknycem njk lbtbphrjk sjki ubprtj nbkijkksj+
Gfhncki( gb~fnb ckc ncirkjljk rk~rl gbkeb~jl tpfnrl `ruj
ubgjejg ubhr`rki tctj( apjg bobknbhj( ejkiljki lrpuc njk apjgb af~f+
Hjgckjuc( gb~fnb ckc ncirkjljk rk~rl hjgckjuc tjkbh sjki
`bpgjlkj ahbluc`bh( ubtp~c jhrgckcrg afch( lbp~ju lpja~ njk lbp~ju
jutjh+Tpfnrluc tjkbh ncirjkljk rk~rl ckurhjuc nckncki njk j~jt+
Utpjscki+ Ucu~bg `ruj pcicn 0 lfgtfkbk njtj~ ncubgtpf~ljk
ncj~ju ~cjt tbpgrljjk tjnj urmr :4 E j~jr hb`cm+ Tbkiirkjjk ckurhjuc
ubgtpf~ jnjhjm tjnj ~jkilc tbkscgtjk( irnjki tbkscgtjk nckick njk
ublj~'ublj~ tjnj ljtjh+
>+> @ruj Rpb~mjkb hjckksj
Tjnj jyjh jyjh tbplbg`jkijk ~blkfhfic tfhcrpb~mjkb rk~rl
gbkimjuchljk `ruj rpb~jkb clj~j uchjki ~ckiic ncef`j tbkiij`rkijk
iriru cufesjkj~ lb njhjg `ruj pcicn ljpbkj tfhsfh tfhcbu~bp gbgchclc
qculfuc~ju ~ckiic njk arke~cfkjhc~ju pbknjm sjki gbg`rj~ksj urhc~
rk~rl nctpfnrluc u~j`ch+
Cufesjgbpj~ ncirkjljk rk~rl gbkckilj~ljk nbkuc~ju clj~jk
uchjki( arke~cfkjhc~ju njk qculufuc~ju pbknjm tfhcbu~bp sjki ncirkjljk+
Rk~rl c~r obkcu cufesjkrpj~ sjki ncirkjljk gbgchclc cknbluc obkcu :24+
Rk~rl ncej~j~ `jmyj tbkiirkjjk cufesjkrpj~ njhjg orghjm sjki
unclc~ ~cnjl gbkjg`jm pbucu~bkuc urmr ~ckiic j~jr lb~jmjk jtc njpc `ruj
sjki ncmjuchljk+ @ruj cufesjkrpj~ gfncacljuc nbkijk cknblu hb`cm njpc
544 gbkrkorlljk lb~jmjkjk ~bgtbpj~rp ~ckiic njk ahjgb pb~jpnjk~+
>+>+0 @ruj Rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh gfncacljuc cufesjkrpj~Tbkiirkjjk cufesjkrpj~ nhjg `ruj ahbluc`bh gbkimjuchljk `ruj
ahbuc`bh nbkijk gbh~cki tfck~ sjki pbknjm( gbkjclljknpcttcki njk
gbkojij tbkjg`jmjk jtc( ubtbp~c sjki ncroc tjnj JU^G N :130+
tjpjl~cl ckc lbgrncjk nckjgjljk `ruj MP ahjgb pb~jpnjk~+ Tj~jr~
ncckij~ `jmyj tbkiirkjjk cufesjkrpj~ ~cnjlhjm gbkjclljk u~j`chc~ju
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
64/80
~bpgjh gbhjckljk gbkrprkljk gbh~cki tfck njk gbkojnj tbksb`jpjk
jtc+
>+>+5 @ruj CTK `bp`jucu Rpb~jk
Ck~bptbkb~pj~cki Tfhcgbpu kb~yfpl -CTK# jnjhjm obkcu jhhfs tfhcgbp
sjki ~bpururk fhbm ubnclc~ksj 0 clj~jk uchjki+ CTK sjki cnbjh ubejj
bubkucjh ~cnjl clj~jk lfqjhbk jk~jpj tfhcgbp+ Gfpafhfic sjki ncmjuchljk
gbkrkorlljk ajub tbgcujmjk+
Pbuck CTK tbp~jgj nc~bgrljk fhbm Jshuyfp~m tjnj ~jmrk :3:>+
Ejgtrpjk jk~jpj ljpb~( `bhbpjki abkfh njhjg afpgjhnbmcnb tjnj
tbgjkjujk gbkimjuchljk CTK+
>+>+> @ruj mc`pcn `bp`jucu rpb~mjkb
Fhcifgbp bu~bp `bprorki mcnpfluch j~jr bu~bp qckch sjki gbgtrksjc
rorki iriru qckch njk mcnpfluch tbknjk~ njtj~ `bpbjluc ubejpj ucgrh~jk
nbkijk iriru cufesjkj~ njk gfkfgbp qskch njhjg lb`bpjnjjk lj~jhcu
rk~rl gbknjtj~ljk tfhcgbp mc`pcn clj~jk uchjki+
Tfhcbu~pbp ~cnjl obkrm nbkijk rorki mcnpfluch j~jr iriru ljp`cluch
tjnj ujj~ sjki ujgj njtj~ orij `bpbjluc nbkijk iriru cufesjkj~ njk
gfkfgbp qcksh ubtbp~c u~spbkb rk~rl gbknjtj~ tfhcgbp mc`pcn+ Nrj
gjejg pbjluc( pbjluc jncuc KEF'FM njk tfhcgbpcujuc pjncljh nbkijk
iprt qc`pch njtj~ ~bpojnc+
Efk~fm afpgrhjuc tbkscjtjk tfhcbu~bp ~cnjl obkrm ubtbp~c ~bphcmj~
njhjg ~j`bh >+:5 `bpclr~
@jmjk J @ E
Cuftm~jhce jecn(gjlu : : :
Gjhbce jecnu(gjlu : : :
B~mshbk ihsefh(gjlu 4 :+2 :+31
Ncb~mshbk ihsefh(gjlu 0+>1 0+>0 +4
Kbftbk~s ihsefh(gjlu 4 4 :+31
Msnpfzrckfkb( ttg pbuck tjnj~ 044 044 044
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
65/80
U~spbkb gfkfgbp( "y~ pbuck 52 52 52
T'@bkfzrckfkb( ttg pbuck tjnj~ 24 24 24
^j`bh >+:> Ucaj~ Tfhsfh sjki nchjpr~ljk u~pspbkb
Ucaj~ Lcgcj @jmjk J @ E
Orghjm mcnpfluch tjnj~ :2: :>: :9:
Bzrcqjhbk~ mbcim~ 5=5 559 55>
Qculfuc~ju( 02 E
@pfflacbhn( 14" tjnj~( Et
0>= 0>= 5=2
UTC ibh ~bu~ -:" @TF? =0(0 E#
Ibh ~cg( gck ube >?44 2?42 9?44
Erpb ~cgb( gck ube 9?52 9?24 :4+>+2 @ruj Rpb~mjkb F}jzfhcnfkb
@ruj rpb~kjb u~prl~rpjh sjki hrju tbpgrljjkksj hb`cm `bujp
njpc :4 a~0 gbgtrksjc cknblu ahjgb'utpbjn 24 j~jr lrpjki
ub`jijcgjkj nc`r~rmljk RH'>9= rk~rl lfgtfkbk sjki `bujp+ @ruj
~bub`r~ jljk gbkiijk~c tjujp `jpr rk~rl tpfnrl PCG njhjg tbujyj~
rnjpj( `jkirkjk njk jthcljuc gchc~bp+
Ucu~bg tbg`rujjk ~bpururk njpc lfgtfkbk J -Tfhscufesjkj~# njk
lfgtfkbk @ -tpbtfhcgbp `bprorki btfluc sjki nc`rj~ njpc pbjluc
tfhsjhljkb ihslfhu nbkijk jkmsnpcn tm~jhj~b njk uj~r ncbtflucnj#+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
66/80
Jtj`chj tfhsfh `bprorki btfluc `bpbjluc nbkijk tfhscufesjkj~~ jljk
gbkimjuchljk cjlj~jk rpb~jk njk f}jfhcnfkb+
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
67/80
@J@ Q
JNC^CA( ACHHBP NJK PBCKAFPEBGBK^
2+: Tbkijk~jp
Ncub`j`ljk ipfrt tfhccufesjkj~ gbgtrksjc ljknrkijk bkbpic
sjki ~ckiic gjlj tbg`rj~jk `ruj tfhsrpb~jk njtj~ nchjlrljk nbkijk
`jmjk njujp sjki ~jktj gbkiirkjljk jnc~ca+
Lb`r~rmjk jljk gjkrajl~rp tfhsrpb~jk gbg`rj~ksj gbkojnc
tbphr gbkiirkjljk jnc~ca mjgtcp tjnj ub~cjt ljuru+ Jnc~ca njk `jmjk
hjck `bpjluc rk~rl gbkij~rp hjor pbjluc tfhsrpb~jk ub`jijcgjkj sjki
nctbphrljk njhjg jthcljuc+ @chj tbphr pbjluc `bp`bnj sjki ubnjki
`bpojhjk ubejpj lmruru nctbkijprmc j~jr nclfk~pfh+ Tjnj gjkrajl~rp
`ruj tpfubu lcgcj lfhfcn `bptbpjk ncujgtcki tpfubu lcgcjksj ubkncpc+
Fhbm ljpbkj c~r jnc~ca jl~ca tbpgrljjk nctbphrljk+ Hb`cm ojrm hjic
nctbphrljk jijp jk~cjicki( ahjgb pb~jpnjk~( tcigbk( achhbp( gj~bpcjh
pbckafpebgbk~( gfhn pbhbjub jibk nsb u~raa( `cfecnb njk `hfelcki jibk+
2+0 Jibk jk~cu~j~cu
Jnjhjm `jmjk lcgcj sjki gjkj gbpr`jm `jcl ubnclc~ ujgtjc
nbpjoj~ gfnbpj~ njpc lfknrl~cac~ju hcu~pcl gbkojnc ubksjyj thju~cu sjki
`bpucaj~ ckurhj~ca( nbkijk ejpj gbgjurlc `jkirkjk grj~jk bhbl~pfu~j~cu
njpc `jpjki ojnc+ Jk~c u~j~cu njtj~ nctjljc ub`jijc `jmjk ub`bhrg
gfhncki+ Arkiuc `jmjk ~bpub`r~ njpc jujhksj lfknrl~ca j~jr nbkijk
ejpj gbksbpjt rjt jcp hckilrkijk+ @bpclr~ ckc jnjhjm efk~fm njpc
jibku~j~cu:`
njk MEAE':05 sjki ubejpj lfgbpucjh ucjt ncorjh ~jmrk :335+ ^jmrk
0444 gbprtjljk ~jmrk sjki mjpru `b`ju njpc EAE gjlj MEAE
gbprtjljk tbkiijk~c EAE rk~rl `ruj pcicn+ @b`bpjtj ubksjyj MEAE
jnjhjm MEAE':>:` -ncemhfpfahfrpf b~mjkb#( MEAE :05 -ncemhfpf ~pcahfrpf
b~mjkb#( MEAE':5>j -~b~pj ahfrpfb~mjkb#+ ^b~jtc ubksjyj ~bpub`r~ mjksj
hfkej~jk ljpbkj gjucm gbkijknrki lhfpck+ Gjlj gjucm ncjnjljk
tbkejpcjk ubksjyj jh~bpkj~ca `hfycki jibk `bp`jucu lhfpckb+ @bpclr~
jnjhjm ~j`bh 2+: gbprtjljk ckafpgjuc sjki `bpirkj njpc EAE njk MEAE
ub`jijc `hfycki jibk+
^j`bh 2+: @hfycki Jibk EAE njk MEAE
8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan
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Ljp`fk ncflucnj( Njpc :32= ubojl mjhfljp`fk tbp~jgj ncirkjljk
ub`jijc `hfycki jibk( EF0 jnjhjm `hfycki jibk sjki hb`cm nrhr
ncirkjljk+ EF0 nc`b`juljk njpc pbjuc jcp njk cufesjkj~ ub`jijc `bpclr~?
0P'KEF , M0F P'KM'E7F'KM'P , EF0
cufesjkj~ jcp rpbj ur`~c~ruc
@ruj pcicn rpb~jk tbkibg`jki EF0 gbgtrksjc lbhbgjmjk sjki
`bpclr~ ckc jtj`chj nc`jkncki EAE'::
' ajl~fp l ublc~jp 4(02 nc`jkncki EAE'::-4(::# gbg`r~rmljk nrjljhc ckurhjuc njpc EAE'::
' Tbpcfnb cknrluc ub`bhrg gbkibg`jki hb`cm lbech nbkijk EF0ljpbkj tjkju hj~bk tbkirjtjk EAE'::
' Hjor ibhj~ckcujuc njk `ruj sjki gbkibg`jki gbkrprk(gbksb`j`ljk tbkojijjk ~bljkjk tjkju njk gbhbgjmljk `ruj
tjnj jthcljuc sjki hrju+
' Lblrj~jk ~bljkjk `ruj tbkibg`jki EAE':: kjcl ublc~jp 54"gbhb`cmc `ruj tbkibg`jki EF0
' GQ^ -gfcu~rpb qjtfp ~pjkugcucfk# njpc EAE ':: `bplrpjki -5(2 qu2(2 rk~rl EF0#
' @ruj tbkibg`jki EAE':: jncuc lb hfijg hb`cm `jcl+' Tckiicpjk `ruj tbkibg`jki EAE':: gbgtrksjc ehfubn ebhh sjki
hb`cm `jksjl -ublc~jp 34" qu =2" rk~rl tbkibg`jki EF0#
' @cjsj gfnjh `ruj hb`cm grpjm@ruj ahbluc`bh( EF0 sjki ncmjuchljk njpc pbjluc ucu~bg jcp njk cufesjkj~
~bhjm gbkojnc `hfycki jibk r~jgj rk~rl ubgrj `ruj ahbluc`bh
tfhsrpb~jk+ Orghjm njpc jcp njk ^NC sjki ncirkjljk rk~rl gbkbk~rljk
ucaj~ nbkuc~ju `ruj( gbprtjljk urg`bp iju ~bp`bk~rl sjki nc`r~rmljkgbkibg`jkiljk tfhsrpb~mjk+ Jcp ujkij~ `bptbpjk njhjg tpfubu
tfhcgbpcujuc