EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE

EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE

PRESENTEDBY

BIJAY KUMAR PANDA

GOVT. AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE , ANGUL

ROLL NO. – BS13-012

CONTENTS : CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUS

CLASSIFICATION OF EBOLA VIRUS

SPECIES OF EBOLA VIRUS EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (EHF) STRUCTURE MECHANISM OF INFECTION TRANSMISSION SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION WHO RESPONSE REFERENCE

Baltimore virus classification

Group I – dsDNA virusesGroup II – ssDNA virusesGroup III – dsRNA virusesGroup IV – (+)ssRNA virusesGroup V – (-)ssRNA virusesGroup VI – ssRNA-RetrovirusesGroup VII – dsDNA-Retroviruses

CLASSIFICATION OF EBOLA VIRUS

Group - GROUP V (-) ssRNAOrder - MONONEGAVIRALESFamily - FILOVIRIDAEGenus - EbolavirusSpecies - Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV)

Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) Reston ebolavirus (RESTV) Tai forest ebolavirus (TAFV) Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV)

SPECIES OF ebolavirus

Zaire ebolavirusHighest case-fatality rate ; up to 90%.

First broke out in August 1976 in Yambuku village of Mongala district in Zaire (now in Democratic Republic of the Congo).

Responsible for the 2014 West Africa Ebola virus outbreak

Sudan ebolavirus

First broke out in June 1976 in Nzara, Sudan.

Average fatality rate were 54% in 1976 , 68% in 1979 , 53% in 2001

Reston ebolavirus

Discovered in 1989 and initially out broke in Reston , Virginia.

Found only in nonhuman primates.

Tai forest ebolavirus

Discovered in chimpanzees of Tai Forest in Cote D Ivoire, Africa.

Autopsy showed the lungs filled with blood.

Bundibugyo ebolavirus

Discovered in the Bundibugyo district of Uganda

EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (EHF)

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) formerly known as Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever.

Current outbreak in west Africa in March 2014 is the largest one.

The name Ebolavirus is derived from the Ebola river in Zaire ( now in the Democratic Republic of Congo).

EBOLA VIRUS UNDER ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

STRUCTURE OF VIRUS

Contain single stranded RNA genome with seven genes

The length of the virus is 974 to 1086 nm.

Structural glycoprotein (GP 1,2) responsible for infection

Structural proteins VP24, VP35 are present

MECHANISM OF INFECTION

VP24 protein of virus prevents production of antiviral protein in cell

VP35 protein of virus inhibits production of interferon-beta

Soluble Glycoprotein (sGP) of virus produces dimeric protein to attack the nutrophil and is virus is carried to other organs by it.

Endothelial cells are destroyed and vascular integrity is lost

TRANSMISSION

Fruit bat of Pteropodidae family is the host of virus.

TRANSMISSION OCCURS BY :

Direct contact with any body fluid of infected person.

Any object contaminated with the virus

Contact with infected animals also by handling the bush meat

Ebola is neither spread through the air or water or by food nor by mosquito or any insects

Only by mammals like fruit bat, apes , monkeys, human

Healthcare workers frequently get infected while treating patients

TRANSMISSION AND MECHANISM OF INFECTION

SYMPTOMS

Fever greater than 101˚F

Severe headache

Weakness

Vomiting

Abdominal pain

Internal and External Bleeding

Incubation period is 2 to 21 days

Low WBC and Platelet count

Elevated Liver enzymes like ALT and AST

DIAGNOSIS

Within a few days after symptoms begin

Antigen capture enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) AssayElectron microscopyVirus isolation by cell culture

Later in disease course or after recovery

ELISA

Retrospectively in deceased patients

PCRELISAVirus isolation

DEATH RATE IN EBOLA VIRUS DISEASEAFFECTED AFRICAN COUNTRIES

TREATMENT

No FDA approved vaccine or antiviral medicine available but a drug ZMapp is used

Provide oral or intravenous fluids

Maintain oxygen status and blood pressure

Treat other infections if they occur

Recovery depends on clinical care and patient’s immune response

Purified serum of recovered person has antibodies against Ebola

People recovered from Ebola infection develop antibody that last at least 10 years

Long term complications like joint and vision problems are seen in some cases after recovery.

PREVENTION

Avoid contact with patient without personal protective equipments

Avoid touching the infected animals or its meat

Avoid the burial ceremony that include contact with the corpse

Avoid using the objects contaminated with the virus

Health workers must use gloves, gown, goggles, shoes, mask etc.

All the equipments must be sterilized properly

Proper sanitation should be maintained in the hospitals

WHO Response

WHO aims to prevent Ebola outbreaks by maintaining surveillance for Ebola virus disease and supporting at-risk countries to developed preparedness plans.

Reference :

www.cdc.govwww.who.int

THE END