EASS(East Asian Social Survey) 2008 CULTURE Module ......Dec. 31, 2010 Kim, Sang-Wook Representative, EASSDA EASS 2008 Culture 2 An Introduction to the EASS/EASSDA The EASS (East Asian

EASS(East Asian Social Survey)

2008 CULTURE Module Codebook

East Asian Social Survey Data Archive Academy of East Asian Studies, SungKyunKwan University 6th Floor of the Hoam Building (#605),

3-53 Myungryundong Jongnogu, Seoul, Korea 110-745 Telephone : +82-2-760-1270, FAX : +82-2-744-6169, E-mail: [email protected]

EASS 2008 Culture

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments --------------------(1)

An Introduction to the EASS/EASSDA --------------------(2)

EASSDA Members Institute Addresses --------------------(3)

EASS 2008 Participants --------------------(4)

Study Description --------------------(6)

Overview of Questions --------------------(7)

Variable List --------------------(8)

Data Documentation and Cross-national Frequencies --------------------(12)

Appendix

International Occupational Codes: ILO/ISCO 1988 --------------------(63)

Background Variables Documentation --------------------(73)

EASS 2008 Culture

1

Acknowledgments

The EASSDA (East Asian Social Survey Data Archive) is very pleased to publish codebooks for the module surveys of 2006 (Family) and 2008 (Globalization and Culture), respectively, by their archiving timelines. Preparation of the codebooks has been made possible by incessant efforts of all members of the EASSDA (CGSS, JGSS, KGSS, and TSCS). Initial inputs, plus the constant updating and revision jobs afterwards, on the part of the JGSS Research Center were especially helpful to finalize the codebooks, and the EASSDA would like to make use of this opportunity to express its deep appreciations to all the four teams, JGSS in particular, for their times, energies, and commitments to collect, process, and eventually disseminate the datasets of EASS module surveys. Data users are strongly asked to report any forms of works using the EASS data (e.g., journal articles, book chapters, conference papers, etc.) to the EASSDA and they are also asked to cite the following acknowledgement statement:

"East Asian Social Survey (EASS) is based on Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), Japanese General Social Surveys (JGSS), Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), and Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), and distributed by the EASSDA."

The EASSDA is certainly responsible in due courses for the mistakes and corrections, if any, on any part of the codebooks and datasets and would more than welcome short notices or requests from the users. Any queries about any parts of the codebooks and datasets need to be directed to the EASSDA. Thank you very much.

Dec. 31, 2010

Kim, Sang-Wook

Representative, EASSDA

EASS 2008 Culture

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An Introduction to the EASS/EASSDA

The EASS (East Asian Social Survey) is a biennial social survey project that purports to

produce and disseminate academic survey data sets in East Asia. As a cross-national

network of the four GSS-type surveys in East Asia--CGSS (Chinese General Social

Survey), JGSS (Japanese General Social Survey), KGSS (Korean General Social Survey),

and TSCS (Taiwan Social Change Survey)--EASS is dedicated to the promotion of

comparative studies on diverse aspects of social lives in East Asia. Launched in 2003,

EASS is one of the few internationally coordinated social survey data collection efforts,

and is truly unique in its East Asian focus.

At the 2008 General Meeting in Tokyo, Japan, an agreement has been reached to

establish and locate the EASSDA (East Asian Social Survey Data Archive), EASS's central

data archive, in the Academy of East Asian Studies in the Sungkyunkwan University,

Seoul, Korea. The mission of EASSDA is to integrate, harmonize, and archive data and

documentations of EASS module surveys so as to distribute and disseminate them to the

social science community all over the world.

The objective of EASSDA is to provide students and scholars in social science community

with an integrated EASS data sets collected by coordinated efforts of the participating

institutions in the four countries. In doing so, EASSDA endeavors eventually to enable

and promote as much comparative studies as possible on diverse topics and issues unique

to the East Asian society.

EASS 2008 Culture

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EASSDA Members Institute Addresses

CHINA Chinese General Social Survey Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China, Beijing Tel: (00)86-10-62511447 Fax: (00)86-10-62513355 Homepage: http://www.chinagss.org/

JAPAN Japanese General Social Survey JGSS Research Center, Osaka University of Commerce, Osaka Tel: +81-6-6785-6013 Fax: +81-6-6785-6011 Homepage: http://jgss.daishodai.ac.jp/

KOREA Korean General Social Survey Survey Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul Tel: +82-2-760-1270 Fax: +82-2-744-6169 Homepage: http://kgss.skku.edu/

TAIWAN Taiwan Social Change Survey Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, Taipei Tel: 886-2-2787-1800 Fax: 886-2-2788-1740 Homepage: http://survey.sinica.edu.tw/

EASS 2008 Culture

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EASS 2008 Participants

Team Name Affiliation

CGSS

BIAN, Yanjie Professor, University of Minnesota Dean, School of Humanities and Social Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University

LI, Lulu Professor, Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China

HAO, Dahai Professor, Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China

YANG, Juhua Professor, Center for Population and Development Studies, Department of Demography, Renmin University of China

WANG, Weidong Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China

XIE, Guihua Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China

HUANG, Yingying Assistant Professor, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China

JGSS

TANIOKA, Ichiro President, Professor, Osaka University of Commerce

NITTA, Michio Professor, Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo

MAEDA, Yukio Associate Professor, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, Adjunct Associate Professor, Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo

IWAI, Noriko Director, JGSS Research Center Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, Osaka University of Commerce JGSS

YASUDA, Tokio Research Fellow, JGSS Research Center Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, Osaka University of Commerce JGSS

SHISHIDO, Kuniaki Research Fellow, JGSS Research Center Lecturer, Faculty of Business Administration, Osaka University of Commerce JGSS

KOJIMA, Hiroshi Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Waseda University

SASAKI, Takayuki Associate Research Fellow, JGSS Research Center, Osaka University of Commerce JGSS

MINATO, Kunio Lecturer, School of Foreign Studies, Osaka University

NAOI, Megumi Associate Professor, Department of Political Science University of California, San Diego

SUN, Yuwen Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica

TANABE, Shunsuke Associate Professor, Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo

EASS 2008 Culture

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KGSS

KIM, Sang-Wook Professor, Department of Sociology, Sungkyunkwan University

KIM, Seokho Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Sungkyunkwan University

KIM, So Im Researcher, Survey Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University

KIM, Jong Su Researcher, Survey Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University

Choi, Set Byol Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Ewha womans University

TSCS

TSAI, Ming-Chan *EASS 2008 Convener

Dean, College of Social Sciences, National Taipei University

CHANG, Chin-fen Research Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica

TU, Su-Hao Associate Research Fellow, Center for Survey Research, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica

FU, Yang-chih Research Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica

CHANG, Ying-Wha Research Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica

CHANG, Han-pi Associate Professor, Graduate Institute of Hakka Social and Cultural Studies, National Central University

CHEN, Mei-hua Assistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Sociology, National Sun Yat-Sen University

SU, Shuo-bing Associate Professor, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang-Ming University

CHEN, Wan-chi Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, National Taipei University

LIN, Kuei-Hsiu Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, National Taipei University

SUN, Yuwen Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica

EASS 2008 Culture

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Study Description

CGSS JGSS KGSS TSCS

Study Title Chinese General Social Survey 2008

(CGSS 2008) Japanese General Social Surveys 2008

2008 KGSS

(Korean General Social Survey) Taiwan Social Change Survey:

2008, Questionnaire II

Fieldwork Dates Sept.-Dec., 2008 2008-10-1~ 2008-12-7 2008-06-29 ~ 2008-08-30 2008-07-20 ~ 2008-09-18

Principal Investigators

Li Lulu , Bian Yanjie Ichiro TANIOKA and Noriko IWAI Sang-Wook Kim Ly-yun Chang

Fieldwork Institution

Millward Brown ACSR Central Research Services, Inc. Survey Research Center at Sungkyunkwan University

Center for Survey Research, Academia Sinica

Population All Chinese aged 18 and above Men and women 20-89 years of age

living in Japan the adult citizen aged 18 or over who

live in households of Korea Population registers

Sampling method

four stage PPS Two-stage stratified random

sampling; stratified by regional block and population size

Multi-stage area probability sampling

Three-stage Stratified PPS Sampling, (1) PSU=township

(2) village(administrative unit under township, (3) individual person

Fieldwork Methods

Face to face interview, filled in by interviewers

Both face-to-face interview and placement (self-administered) method

Face-to-face interviews Face-to-face interview (pencil and paper)

Initial Sample Size

6300 4003 2500 4601

N. of respondents

3010 2160 1508 2067

Valid Response Rates

47.77% (N. of R. / Initial Sample Size)

60.6% (JGSS’s official formula)

54.0%

(N. of R. / Initial Sample Size)

61.0% 44.93%

(N. of R. / Initial Sample Size)

Weighted Yes Yes No Yes

EASS 2008 Culture

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Overview of Questions

◇ Local Cultural Activities Japanese animation, Chinese movies, Korean TV drama

◇ Rituals in East Asia and Their Variations fortune-telling of name, auspicious or ominous day for special occasions

◇ Preferred Qualities of Friends Honest, Responsible, Intelligent, Cultured, Powerful, Wealthy, Loyal, Warm-hearted

◇ Values： Patriarchy/Gender Role (Gender Role, The authority of father in a family), Harmony, In-Group Orientation, Hierarchy/Authority, Uncertainty Avoidance/Risk Taking

◇ East Asian Identity： feeling of closeness to Response's city/town of residence, Response's Country, East Asia

◇ Entertainment Activities： Preference to genres of music(Western classical music, Rock music, Jazz/Blues, Popular music, [Country’s specific] traditional music), Engagement in sex-related entertainments in abroad

◇ Global Knowledge talk about international issues

◇ Media Usage sources learned international news

◇ Cultural Contacts Travel country or region have ever been to, Acquaintances from country or region (China Japan S. Korea Taiwan South East Asia Europe North America)

◇ Social Distance towards Other Countries : acceptance the people who are from each of the following countries or regions (China Japan S. Korea Taiwan South East Asia Europe North America / job, neighbor, marriage)

◇ International Migration approval or disapproval about increase of foreign workers and foreign brides

◇ Attitudes towards Globalization-Nationalism： Attitudes towards import of foreign products, Attitudes towards increased exposure to foreign films, music and books.

◇ Overall Evaluation about Globalization： The aspect of the Korea’s economy, job opportunities for Korea’s workers, the Korea’s environment

◇ Social Network How many people exchange holiday greetings( New Year celebration), How many people have contacts on an ordinary day, What occupations have contacts on an ordinary day

◇ Questions on Fluency in English： Reading a short article in English newspapers, Chatting with English speakers, Writing a letter in English

◇ Optional Questions (not KGSS) : Degree overseas(bachelor/master’s/doctoral degree), Participate in any professional training or on-the-job training for at least 5 days overseas, Work for a foreign capital company as your main job.

EASS 2008 Culture

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Variable List

v1 EASS Study Year 12

v2 Country 12

v3 Respondent Number 12

v4 How often Rs watch Japanese animation 12

v5 How often Rs watch Chinese movies 12

v6 How often Rs watch Korean TV drama 12

v7 R did fortune-telling of name when making child name 13

v8 How much Rs care about auspicious day for special occasions 13

v9 Preferred qualities of friends: Honest 13

v10 Preferred qualities of friends: Responsible 13

v11 Preferred qualities of friends: Intelligent 14

v12 Preferred qualities of friends: Cultured 14

v13 Preferred qualities of friends: Powerful 14

v14 Preferred qualities of friends: Wealthy 14

v15 Preferred qualities of friends: Loyal 15

v16 Preferred qualities of friends: Warm-hearted 15

v17 Important for wife to help husbands career 15

v17_jp Husband job is to earn money; wife job is to look after family 16

v18 Authority of father should be respected at any rates 16

v19 Should not oppose majority idea 16

v20 Should not express complaints about others 17

v21 Better to hire relatives or friends even if others are more qualified 17

v22 Honored if peopl from same town play important role in society 17

v23 Subordinate should obey superior instructions even if one disagree 18

v24 Better to let capable leaders decide everything 18

v25 Life full of risks and chances is more desirable than ordinary life 18

v26 Would invest extra money for high returns even if risky 19

v27 How close Rs feel to own city/town of residence 19

v28 How close Rs feel to own country 19

v29 How close Rs feel to East Asia 19

v30 How much Rs like Classical music 20

v31 How much Rs like Rock music 20

v32 How much Rs like Jazz and Blues 20

v33 How much Rs like Popular music 20

v34 How much Rs like Traditional music 21

v35 Know persons engaged in sex-related entertainments abroad 21

v36 Place of sex-related entertainments: East Asian countries 21

v37 Place of sex-related entertainments: South East Asian countries 21

v38 Place of sex-related entertainments: Europe 22

v39 Place of sex-related entertainments: North America 22

v40 Place of sex-related entertainments: Other 22

v41 How often Rs talk about international issues with others 22

v42 Sources of international news: Newspapers 23

v43 Sources of international news: Radio 23

v44 Sources of international news: TV 23

v45 Sources of international news: Internet 23

v46 Sources of international news: Persons 23

v47 Sources of international news: Other 24

v48 Country or Region Rs travelled: China 24

v49 Country or Region Rs travelled: Japan 24

v50 Country or Region Rs travelled: South Korea 24

v51 Country or Region Rs travelled: Taiwan 24

EASS 2008 Culture

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v52 Country or Region Rs travelled: South East Asia 25

v53 Country or Region Rs travelled: Europe 25

v54 Country or Region Rs travelled: North America 25

v55 Country or Region of acquaintances: China 25

v56 Country or Region of acquaintances: Japan 25

v57 Country or Region of acquaintances: South Korea 26

v58 Country or Region of acquaintances: Taiwan 26

v59 Country or Region of acquaintances: South East Asia 26

v60 Country or Region of acquaintances: Europe 26

v61 Country or Region of acquaintances: North America 26

v62 Would accept people from Japan as coworkers 27

v63 Would accept people from South Korea as coworkers 27

v64 Would accept people from Taiwan as coworkers 27

v65 Would accept people from China as coworkers 27

v66 Would accept people from South East Asia as coworkers 28

v67 Would accept people from Europe as coworkers 28

v68 Would accept people from North America as coworkers 28

v69 Would accept people from Japan as neighbors 28

v70 Would accept people from South Korea as neighbors 28

v71 Would accept people from Taiwan as neighbors 29

v72 Would accept people from China as neighbors 29

v73 Would accept people from South East Asia as neighbors 29

v74 Would accept people from Europe as neighbors 29

v75 Would accept people from North America as neighbors 29

v76 Would accept people from Japan as close kin by marriage 30

v77 Would accept people from South Korea as close kin by marriage 30

v78 Would accept people from Taiwan as close kin by marriage 30

v79 Would accept people from China as close kin by marriage 30

v80 Would accept people from South East Asia as close kin by marriage 30

v81 Would accept people from Europe as close kin by marriage 31

v82 Would accept people from North America as close kin by marriage 31

v83 Should increase or decrease foreign workers in Rs country 31

v84 Should increase or decrease foreign brides in Rs country 31

v84_tw1 Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from South East Asian in Rs country 32

v84_tw2 Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from China in Rs country 32

v84_tw3 Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from other foreign country in Rs country 32

v85 Should limit import of foreign products 33

v86 Should follow national interest even if causing conflict with other nations 33

v87 Increased exposure to foreign culture is damaging own culture 33

v88 Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for economy 34

v89 Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for job opportunities for workers 34

v90 Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for environment 34

v91 Numbers of acquaintances contacts during last New Year Celebration 35

v92 Numbers of family members contacts during last New Year Celebration 35

v93 Numbers of acquaintances contacts on an ordinary day 35

v94 Numbers of family members contacts on an ordinary day 36

v95 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Legislators, senior officials 36

v96 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Managers 36

v97 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Professionals 36

v98 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Tech or associate professionals 37

v99 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Clerical support workers 37

v100 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Service or sales workers 37

v101 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Agri, forestry or fishery workers 37

v102 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Craft or trade workers 37

v103 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Machine operators or assemblers 38

v104 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Elementary occupations 38

EASS 2008 Culture

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v105 Self-Assessed English ability: Reading short article 38

v106 Self-Assessed English ability: Chatting with English Speakers 38

v107 Self-Assessed English ability: Writing a letter 39

s1_cjt Bachelor/master/doctoral degree overseas 39

s2_cjt Professional training or on-the-job training overseas 39

cn_frcap Working for a foreign capital company: China 39

jp_frcap Working for a foreign capital company: Japan 40

tw_frcap Working for a foreign capital company: Taiwan 40

sex R: Sex 40

age R: Age 40

marital R: Marital status 41

relig R: Religious main groups 41

topbot R: Top bottom self-placement 10 pt scale 41

urbrural R: Self-assessment of community type 42

cn_reg Region: China 42

jp_reg Region: Japan 43

kr_reg Region: South Korea 43

tw_reg Region: Taiwan 43

happy R: General happiness 44

happy_kr R: General happiness: Korea 44

educyrs R: Education I: years of schooling 44

degree R: Education II: highest education level 45

Inschl R: Education I sub: still in school 45

wrkst R: Current working status 45

fullpart R: Working full- or part-time 46

wrkhrs R: Working hours per week 46

empcntrt R: Employment contract of wage employees 46

wrktype R: Employment sector 46

whynowrk R: Reasons for having no current work income 47

isco88 R: Occupation ILO, ISCO 1988 4-digit 47

cn_rinc R: Earnings from main job: China 47

jp_rinc R: Earnings from main job: Japan 48

kr_rinc R: Earnings from main job: Korea 48

tw_rinc R: Earnings from jobs (both main and part-time jobs): Taiwan 49

cn_rincx R: Income other than main job: China 49

jp_rincx R: Income other than main job: Japan 50

kr_rincx R: Income other than main job: Korea 50

tw_rincx R: Income other than jobs: Taiwan 50

hhdnum Number of household members 51

cn_hinc Total household income: China 51

jp_hinc Total household income: Japan 51

kr_hinc Total household income: Korea 52

tw_hinc Total household income: Taiwan 53

rltvhinc Household income compared 53

weight Weighting factor 53

spage SP: Age 54

spedyrs SP: Education I: years of schooling 54

spdegr SP: Education II: highest education level 55

spinschl SP: Education I sub: still in school 55

spwrkst SP: Current working status 55

spfullpt SP: Working full- or part-time 55

spwrkhrs SP: Working hours per week 56

spempcnt SP: Employment contract of wage employees 56

spwktype SP: Employment sector 56

spnowrk SP: Reasons for having no current work income 56

spisco88 SP: Occupation ILO, ISCO 1988 4-digit 57

EASS 2008 Culture

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cn_spinc SP: Earnings from main job: China 57

jp_spinc SP: Earnings from main job: Japan 58

kr_spinc SP: Earnings from main job: Korea 58

tw_spinc SP: Earnings from jobs (both main and part-time jobs): Taiwan 59

cn_sincx SP: Income other than main job: China 59

jp_sincx Income other than main job: Japan 59

kr_sincx SP: Income other than main job: Korea 60

tw_sincx SP: Income other than jobs: Taiwan 60

paedyrs PA: Education I: years of schooling 60

padegr PA: Education II: highest education level 61

maedyrs MA: Education I: years of schooling 61

madegr MA: Education II: highest education level 61

EASS 2008 Culture

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Data Documentation and Cross-national Frequencies

1. v1

EASS Study Year

2. v2

Country

PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN

1 CN-China 100.0 - - -

2 JP-Japan - 100.0 - -

3 KR-South Korea - - 100.0 -

4 TW-Taiwan - - - 100.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

3. v3

Respondent Number

A: Local cultural activities

4. v4

How often Rs watch Japanese animation

A1: How often do you watch Japanese animation?


1 Often 3.8 11.3 5.4 10.9

2 Sometimes 11.0 35.7 22.3 22.4

3 Seldom 24.9 27.7 21.7 34.1

4 Not at all 60.3 24.4 50.5 32.6

8 DK, refused 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

5. v5

How often Rs watch Chinese movies

A2: How often do you watch Chinese movies?


1 Often 14.8 0.9 3.3 14.0

2 Sometimes 33.8 13.5 33.8 32.3

3 Seldom 26.6 27.1 28.4 37.6

4 Not at all 24.7 57.6 34.4 16.1

8 DK, refused 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

6. v6

How often Rs watch Korean TV drama

A3: How often do you watch Korean TV drama?


1 Often 11.1 4.0 44.8 11.2

2 Sometimes 28.8 19.0 40.9 21.7

3 Seldom 28.8 25.1 9.5 35.3

4 Not at all 31.2 51.1 4.7 31.7

8 DK, refused 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

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B: Rituals in East Asia and Their Variations

7. v7

R did fortune-telling of name when making child name

B1: (Only those who have child) Did you do fortune-telling of name, when you thought your child’s name?


1 Yes 17.2 51.1 42.4 64.3

2 No 82.8 48.7 57.6 35.6

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1

n 2565 1688 1119 1412

9 Not applicable: Never had child

8. v8

How much Rs care about auspicious day for special occasions

B2: To what extent do you care about auspicious or ominous day for special occasions such as wedding, moving,

or funeral ceremony?


1 Very much 30.4 15.9 12.0 32.2

2 Fairly much 36.4 59.2 25.8 41.5

3 Not too much 21.1 19.3 32.6 13.9

4 Not at all 12.1 5.4 29.2 12.3

8 DK, Refused 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

C: Preferred qualities of friends

When you associate with your personal friend, how important is each of the following qualities?

9. v9

Preferred qualities of friends: Honest

a. Honest


1 Very important 57.5 21.9 72.3 60.2

2 Important 39.8 61.8 23.1 35.1

3 Neither important nor unimportant 2.2 13.1 3.8 3.0

4 Not important 0.4 2.2 0.5 1.1

5 Not important at all 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.3

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

10. v10

Preferred qualities of friends: Responsible

b. Responsible


1 Very important 50.7 15.9 60.4 44.5

2 Important 44.4 58.3 32.5 46.4


4 Not important 1.2 3.9 0.7 1.8


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.4

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

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11. v11

Preferred qualities of friends: Intelligent

c. Intelligent


1 Very important 25.4 2.5 17.1 3.2

2 Important 45.4 14.7 35.6 22.0


4 Not important 6.0 26.3 10.4 18.6


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.4

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

12. v12

Preferred qualities of friends: Cultured

d. Cultured


1 Very important 17.8 2.9 16.6 4.4

2 Important 42.4 20.2 36.8 30.9


4 Not important 8.7 20.4 9.0 14.3


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.7

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

13. v13

Preferred qualities of friends: Powerful

e. Powerful


1 Very important 17.2 0.5 3.4 1.0

2 Important 35.7 3.0 10.1 8.4


4 Not important 19.7 39.3 34.7 45.6


8 DK, refused 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.4

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

14. v14

Preferred qualities of friends: Wealthy

f. Wealthy


1 Very important 15.4 0.6 2.8 0.9

2 Important 33.5 3.1 12.0 4.3


4 Not important 21.0 37.3 32.4 51.2


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.4

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

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15. v15

Preferred qualities of friends: Loyal

g. Loyal


1 Very important 42.3 7.0 32.6 27.5

2 Important 48.8 36.6 41.2 55.9


4 Not important 1.3 13.6 4.5 2.4


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.5

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

16. v16

Preferred qualities of friends: Warm-hearted

h. Warm-hearted


1 Very important 39.2 26.7 51.3 22.3

2 Important 51.2 57.0 39.1 56.9


4 Not important 1.1 1.6 1.0 3.0


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.4

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

D: Values

D1: Patriarchy/Gender Role

17. v17

Important for wife to help husbands career

(a) It is more important for a wife to help her husband’s career than to pursue her own career.


1 Strongly agree 12.6 - 18.1 10.8

2 Agree 47.7 - 18.4 38.8

3 Somewhat agree 14.4 - 24.1 13.1

4 Neither agree nor disagree 10.8 - 17.1 12.7

5 Somewhat disagree 6.6 - 13.6 7.8

6 Disagree 7.3 - 5.5 14.5

7 Strongly disagree 0.7 - 3.1 1.9

77 JPTW: not asked - 100.0 - -

88 DK, refused 0.0 - 0.1 0.3

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

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18. v17_jp

Husband job is to earn money; wife job is to look after family

A husband’s job is to earn money; a wife’s job is to look after the home and family.


1 Strongly agree - 2.8 - -

2 Agree - 9.5 - -

3 Somewhat agree - 24.9 - -

4 Neither agree nor disagree - 42.5 - -

5 Somewhat disagree - 9.5 - -

6 Disagree - 8.1 - -

7 Strongly disagree - 2.5 - -

8 DK, refused - 0.1 - -

n - 2160 - -

9 Not applicable

19. v18

Authority of father should be respected at any rates

(b) The authority of father in a family should be respected under any circumstances.


1 Strongly agree 24.7 3.8 27.2 16.3

2 Agree 48.0 18.6 24.9 55.4

3 Somewhat agree 14.2 36.3 27.7 11.9

4 Neither agree nor disagree 6.2 29.6 9.2 6.0

5 Somewhat disagree 3.3 5.9 7.6 4.7

6 Disagree 3.4 4.4 2.1 5.0

7 Strongly disagree 0.3 1.3 0.9 0.5

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

D2: Harmony

20. v19

Should not oppose majority idea

(a) It is not desirable to oppose an idea which the majority of people accept, even if it is different from one’s

own.


1 Strongly agree 4.7 0.6 10.3 6.2

2 Agree 53.1 7.0 23.3 53.5

3 Somewhat agree 18.5 27.5 27.2 14.7



6 Disagree 6.8 6.5 5.5 9.0


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.4

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

17

21. v20

Should not express complaints about others

(b) One should not express one’s complaints about others in order to have good relationship with them.


1 Strongly agree 6.7 1.3 10.8 3.3

2 Agree 44.1 9.5 25.0 44.1

3 Somewhat agree 23.0 26.6 30.2 17.8



6 Disagree 6.7 6.2 3.4 12.9


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.4

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

D3: In-Group Orientation

22. v21

Better to hire relatives or friends even if others are more qualified

(a) When hiring someone at a private company, even if an unacquainted person is more qualified, it would still

be better to give the opportunity to relatives or friends.


1 Strongly agree 5.8 0.4 2.4 2.2

2 Agree 33.5 4.4 7.1 18.4

3 Somewhat agree 18.7 13.5 10.7 8.3



6 Disagree 15.7 14.9 25.2 42.9


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.6

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

23. v22

Honored if peopl from same town play important role in society

(b) I would be honored when people who come from the same town play an important role in society.


1 Strongly agree 12.6 4.2 14.4 12.1

2 Agree 47.2 22.3 25.4 54.4

3 Somewhat agree 19.5 36.0 28.1 12.7



6 Disagree 2.5 2.7 4.6 6.1


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.4

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

18

D4: Hierarchy/Authority

24. v23

Subordinate should obey superior instructions even if one disagree

(a) A subordinate should obey the superiors' instructions, even if the person cannot agree with them.



2 Agree 47.7 8.3 12.1 50.6

3 Somewhat agree 22.2 26.7 25.6 16.6



6 Disagree 5.7 6.9 10.7 10.5


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.3

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

25. v24

Better to let capable leaders decide everything

(b) If we have capable leaders, it is better to let them decide everything.



2 Agree 42.6 10.5 13.9 47.9

3 Somewhat agree 20.7 25.5 22.0 14.6



6 Disagree 7.6 6.5 12.2 11.4


8 DK, refused 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.7

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

D5: Uncertainty Avoidance/Risk Taking

26. v25

Life full of risks and chances is more desirable than ordinary life

(a) A life full of risks and chances is more desirable than an ordinary and stable life.



2 Agree 31.2 7.3 16.2 18.1

3 Somewhat agree 17.2 15.5 21.4 10.3



6 Disagree 18.5 10.2 9.4 45.1


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

19

27. v26

Would invest extra money for high returns even if risky

(b) With extra money, I would invest in items for high returns even if they are risky.



2 Agree 28.9 3.0 10.5 24.7

3 Somewhat agree 17.8 9.1 16.8 14.4



6 Disagree 18.5 29.5 19.1 36.9


8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.3

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

E: East Asian Identity (The symbolic images of East Asia)

How close do you feel to…

28. v27

How close Rs feel to own city/town of residence

a) Your city/town of residence


1 Very close 45.4 28.5 24.5 38.6

2 Somewhat close 44.9 60.2 53.5 46.3

3 Not so close 8.3 9.6 19.2 13.5

4 Not at all close 1.4 1.5 2.3 1.5

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

29. v28

How close Rs feel to own country

b) [Country]


1 Very close 48.6 51.8 34.7 39.6

2 Somewhat close 44.4 43.4 53.0 47.8

3 Not so close 6.5 3.2 11.1 11.0

4 Not at all close 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.4

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.2

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

30. v29

How close Rs feel to East Asia

c) East Asia


1 Very close 2.4 3.9 3.5 1.3

2 Somewhat close 7.7 27.7 36.3 10.2

3 Not so close 21.7 40.9 47.0 35.8

4 Not at all close 68.1 25.4 11.5 51.7

8 DK, refused 0.0 2.1 1.6 1.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

20

F: Entertainment activities

F1: How much do you like the following genres of music?

31. v30

How much Rs like Classical music

a) [Western] classical music


1 Like very much 2.0 6.1 5.6 5.2

2 Like 18.4 35.0 23.5 36.0

3 Neutral 29.2 46.7 41.3 27.7

4 Dislike 39.1 9.5 12.1 23.4

5 Dislike very much 11.1 1.7 7.6 3.0

7 KR: never listened - - 9.4 -

8 DK, refused 0.2 1.1 0.5 4.7

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

32. v31

How much Rs like Rock music

b) Rock music


1 Like very much 2.3 4.4 3.9 2.3

2 Like 18.0 19.6 18.3 23.1

3 Neutral 27.4 49.1 31.4 30.1

4 Dislike 40.3 21.0 23.3 35.2



8 DK, refused 0.1 1.3 0.5 4.4

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

33. v32

How much Rs like Jazz and Blues

c) Jazz/Blues


1 Like very much 1.8 3.9 4.4 3.6

2 Like 10.4 26.1 26.1 29.1

3 Neutral 34.4 52.0 37.8 32.7

4 Dislike 41.7 13.1 15.9 26.0



8 DK, refused 0.1 1.5 0.5 5.7

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

34. v33

How much Rs like Popular music

d) Popular music


1 Like very much 9.9 9.7 25.1 11.6

2 Like 45.2 47.8 55.0 59.4

3 Neutral 21.5 33.6 14.4 17.7

4 Dislike 17.9 6.1 2.5 8.5



8 DK, refused 0.1 1.3 0.3 1.6

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

21

35. v34

How much Rs like Traditional music

e) [Country’s specific] traditional music


1 Like very much 12.0 10.5 13.6 5.3

2 Like 38.6 32.3 37.0 37.6

3 Neutral 25.5 39.6 36.4 30.9

4 Dislike 20.8 13.7 9.0 22.4



8 DK, refused 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.2

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

36. v35

Know persons engaged in sex-related entertainments abroad

F2: When people go abroad, some of them may engage in sex-related entertainments. Do you know that any of

your friends, coworkers, or neighbors had any of these when they went abroad?


1 Yes, many of them 0.4 2.1 2.1 7.4

2 Yes, some of them 1.7 10.8 12.1 21.4

3 Yes, few of them 2.0 15.8 15.8 18.7

4 None of them 56.3 23.0 62.4 28.2

5 I don’t know 39.5 47.9 7.5 24.3

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

F3: If they did, do you happen to know in which countries they had those sex-related entertainments? (plural

answers)

37. v36

Place of sex-related entertainments: East Asian countries

(1) East Asian countries


1 Yes 19.5 31.2 38.1 31.9

2 No 80.5 65.4 60.8 66.5

8 DK, refused 0.0 3.4 1.1 1.6

n 123 621 454 982

9 Not applicable

38. v37

Place of sex-related entertainments: South East Asian countries

(2) South East Asian countries


1 Yes 53.7 61.2 72.9 85.3

2 No 46.3 35.4 26.0 13.0

8 DK, refused 0.0 3.4 1.1 1.6

N 123 621 454 982

9 Not applicable

EASS 2008 Culture

22

39. v38

Place of sex-related entertainments: Europe

(3) Europe


1 Yes 30.9 5.5 9.0 5.9

2 No 69.1 91.1 89.9 92.5

8 DK, refused 0.0 3.4 1.1 1.6

n 123 621 454 982

9 Not applicable

40. v39

Place of sex-related entertainments: North America

(4) North America


1 Yes 8.9 6.0 4.8 4.5

2 No 91.1 90.7 94.1 93.9

8 DK, refused 0.0 3.4 1.1 1.6

n 123 621 454 982

9 Not applicable

41. v40

Place of sex-related entertainments: Other

(5) Other (please specify: )


1 Yes 5.7 0.5 2.2 0.4

2 No 94.3 96.1 96.7 98.0

8 DK, refused 0.0 3.4 1.1 1.6

n 123 621 454 982

9 Not applicable

G: Global Knowledge

42. v41

How often Rs talk about international issues with others

G1: How often do you talk about international issues with your families, friends, or other people?


1 Almost everyday 5.5 2.5 3.4 7.0

2 Several times a week 12.3 9.2 11.1 18.1

3 About once a week 11.7 13.1 16.1 16.3

4 About once a month 13.4 17.0 20.1 13.8

5 Several times a year 15.4 24.8 17.7 14.9

6 About once a year 5.4 8.1 6.2 3.5

7 Never 36.3 24.4 25.2 26.0

8 DK, refused 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.3

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

23

H: Media Usage

H1: From which of the following sources do you learn international news? Check ALL that apply.

43. v42

Sources of international news: Newspapers

(1) Newspapers


1 Yes 40.3 68.2 42.9 56.2

2 No 59.6 31.7 57.0 42.8

8 DK, refused 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

44. v43

Sources of international news: Radio

(2) Radio


1 Yes 11.1 22.6 12.7 15.8

2 No 88.8 77.3 87.2 83.2

8 DK, refused 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

45. v44

Sources of international news: TV

(3) TV


1 Yes 92.9 95.4 79.3 93.9

2 No 7.1 4.5 20.6 5.1

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

46. v45

Sources of international news: Internet

(4) Internet


1 Yes 17.8 29.1 46.3 43.8

2 No 82.1 70.8 53.6 55.2

8 DK, refused 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

47. v46

Sources of international news: Persons

(5) Persons


1 Yes 16.6 18.4 25.8 27.0

2 No 83.2 81.5 74.1 72.0

8 DK, refused 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

24

48. v47

Sources of international news: Other

(6) Other


1 Yes 2.4 3.4 0.7 2.8

2 No 97.4 96.5 99.1 96.3

8 DK, refused 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

I: Cultural contacts

I1: [Travel] Have you ever been to (country or region)?

49. v48

Country or Region Rs travelled: China

a) China


1 Yes - 14.2 23.7 36.4

2 No - 85.3 75.9 63.6

3 DK, refused - 0.6 0.3 0.0

n - 2160 1508 2067

9 Not applicable

50. v49

Country or Region Rs travelled: Japan

b) Japan


1 Yes 0.8 - 23.7 34.3

2 No 99.2 - 76.1 65.7

8 DK, refused 0.0 - 0.3 0.0

n 3010 - 1508 2067

9 Not applicable

51. v50

Country or Region Rs travelled: South Korea

c) South Korea


1 Yes 0.5 19.0 - 15.0

2 No 99.5 80.4 - 85.0

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 - 0.0

n 3010 2160 - 2067

9 Not applicable

52. v51

Country or Region Rs travelled: Taiwan

d) Taiwan


1 Yes 0.7 12.8 5.5 -

2 No 99.3 86.7 94.0 -

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.5 -

n 3010 2160 1508 -

9 Not applicable

EASS 2008 Culture

25

53. v52

Country or Region Rs travelled: South East Asia

e) South East Asia


1 Yes 1.3 18.2 26.5 42.5

2 No 98.7 81.3 73.3 57.5

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

54. v53

Country or Region Rs travelled: Europe

f) Europe


1 Yes 0.8 17.7 10.4 13.2

2 No 99.2 81.7 89.3 86.8

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

55. v54

Country or Region Rs travelled: North America

g) North America


1 Yes 0.5 23.5 9.2 17.0

2 No 99.5 75.9 90.5 83.0

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

I2: [Acquaintances] Do you have acquaintances from (country or region)?

56. v55

Country or Region of acquaintances: China

a) China


1 Yes - 11.5 15.5 30.9

2 No - 87.5 83.4 69.1

8 DK, refused - 0.9 1.2 0.0

n - 2160 1508 2067

9 Not applicable

57. v56

Country or Region of acquaintances: Japan

b) Japan


1 Yes 1.9 - 13.4 16.7

2 No 98.1 - 85.4 83.3

8 DK, refused 0.0 - 1.2 0.0

n 3010 - 1508 2067

9 Not applicable

EASS 2008 Culture

26

58. v57

Country or Region of acquaintances: South Korea

c) South Korea


1 Yes 1.2 10.4 - 7.1

2 No 98.8 88.7 - 92.9

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 - 0.0

n 3010 2160 - 2067

9 Not applicable

59. v58

Country or Region of acquaintances: Taiwan

d) Taiwan


1 Yes 1.7 4.0 2.3 -

2 No 98.3 95.0 96.4 -

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 1.3 -

n 3010 2160 1508 -

9 Not applicable

60. v59

Country or Region of acquaintances: South East Asia

e) South East Asia


1 Yes 1.4 6.8 8.4 19.8

2 No 98.6 92.3 90.3 80.1

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 1.3 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

61. v60

Country or Region of acquaintances: Europe

f) Europe


1 Yes 1.5 5.3 6.2 6.8

2 No 98.5 93.8 92.5 93.2

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 1.3 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

62. v61

Country or Region of acquaintances: North America

g) North America


1 Yes 1.5 9.0 11.2 14.5

2 No 98.5 90.1 87.5 85.5

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 1.3 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

27

J: Social Distance towards Other Countries

How would you feel about having members of the people from the following countries or regions?

Can you accept the people who are from each of the following countries or regions? (Do not ask about your own

country or region.)

J1:Working alongside me in my job

63. v62

Would accept people from Japan as coworkers

Japan


1 Yes 33.7 - 80.2 77.3

2 No 66.3 - 19.3 19.2

8 DK, refused 0.0 - 0.5 3.5

n 3010 - 1508 2067

9 Not applicable

64. v63

Would accept people from South Korea as coworkers

South Korea


1 Yes 50.2 66.3 - 58.0

2 No 49.7 28.3 - 37.5

8 DK, refused 0.1 5.4 - 4.5

n 3010 2160 - 2067

9 Not applicable

65. v64

Would accept people from Taiwan as coworkers

Taiwan


1 Yes 66.3 68.5 78.8 -

2 No 33.6 25.9 20.6 -

8 DK, refused 0.1 5.6 0.6 -

n 3010 2160 1508 -

9 Not applicable

66. v65

Would accept people from China as coworkers

China


1 Yes - 62.1 77.0 60.5

2 No - 32.7 22.3 35.3

8 DK, refused - 5.2 0.7 4.2

n - 2160 1508 2067

9 Not applicable

EASS 2008 Culture

28

67. v66

Would accept people from South East Asia as coworkers

South East Asia


1 Yes 47.2 65.4 76.7 64.3

2 No 52.8 28.7 22.5 31.1

8 DK, refused 0.1 6.0 0.8 4.6

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

68. v67

Would accept people from Europe as coworkers

Europe


1 Yes 46.9 70.2 82.4 69.2

2 No 53.1 24.1 17.0 25.6

8 DK, refused 0.1 5.7 0.7 5.2

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

69. v68

Would accept people from North America as coworkers

North America


1 Yes 42.6 70.7 81.2 71.5

2 No 57.4 23.7 18.1 23.6

8 DK, refused 0.1 5.6 0.7 4.9

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

J2: On my street as neighbors

70. v69

Would accept people from Japan as neighbors

Japan


1 Yes 33.2 - 84.9 83.6

2 No 66.7 - 14.3 13.2

8 DK, refused 0.0 - 0.8 3.2

n 3010 - 1508 2067

9 Not applicable

71. v70

Would accept people from South Korea as neighbors

South Korea


1 Yes 51.9 65.4 - 66.6

2 No 48.1 29.7 - 29.5

8 DK, refused 0.1 5.0 - 4.0

n 3010 2160 - 2067

9 Not applicable

EASS 2008 Culture

29

72. v71

Would accept people from Taiwan as neighbors

Taiwan


1 Yes 67.3 67.1 82.3 -

2 No 32.6 27.8 16.6 -

8 DK, refused 0.1 5.1 1.1 -

n 3010 2160 1508 -

9 Not applicable

73. v72

Would accept people from China as neighbors

China


1 Yes - 60.3 80.8 65.1

2 No - 34.7 18.1 31.1

8 DK, refused - 5.0 1.1 3.8

n - 2160 1508 2067

9 Not applicable

74. v73

Would accept people from South East Asia as neighbors

South East Asia


1 Yes 45.8 63.3 79.8 67.3

2 No 54.1 31.3 18.9 28.5

8 DK, refused 0.1 5.3 1.3 4.2

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

75. v74

Would accept people from Europe as neighbors

Europe


1 Yes 45.9 70.7 85.3 76.5

2 No 54.0 24.1 13.5 19.1

8 DK, refused 0.1 5.2 1.1 4.4

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

76. v75

Would accept people from North America as neighbors

North America


1 Yes 42.2 71.4 84.0 77.2

2 No 57.8 23.6 14.8 18.6

8 DK, refused 0.1 5.0 1.3 4.2

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

30

J3: As close kin by marriage

77. v76

Would accept people from Japan as close kin by marriage

Japan


1 Yes 27.9 - 65.9 75.9

2 No 72.1 - 33.6 20.5

8 DK, refused 0.0 - 0.5 3.6

n 3010 - 1508 2067

9 Not applicable

78. v77

Would accept people from South Korea as close kin by marriage

South Korea


1 Yes 43.9 56.4 - 60.7

2 No 56.1 38.1 - 35.0

8 DK, refused 0.0 5.4 - 4.3

n 3010 2160 - 2067

9 Not applicable

79. v78

Would accept people from Taiwan as close kin by marriage

Taiwan


1 Yes 62.4 58.4 61.4 -

2 No 37.6 36.0 37.8 -

8 DK, refused 0.0 5.6 0.8 -

n 3010 2160 1508 -

9 Not applicable

80. v79

Would accept people from China as close kin by marriage

China


1 Yes - 53.1 60.2 63.6

2 No - 41.3 38.9 32.3

8 DK, refused - 5.6 0.9 4.1

n - 2160 1508 2067

9 Not applicable

81. v80

Would accept people from South East Asia as close kin by marriage

South East Asia


1 Yes 40.8 54.6 59.0 59.9

2 No 59.1 39.6 39.9 35.7

8 DK, refused 0.0 5.8 1.1 4.4

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

31

82. v81

Would accept people from Europe as close kin by marriage

Europe


1 Yes 41.3 64.0 66.1 68.8

2 No 58.7 30.5 32.9 26.5

8 DK, refused 0.0 5.6 1.0 4.7

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

83. v82

Would accept people from North America as close kin by marriage

North America


1 Yes 36.8 64.8 65.1 70.0

2 No 63.2 29.7 33.8 25.5

8 DK, refused 0.0 5.5 1.1 4.5

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

K: International Migration

84. v83

Should increase or decrease foreign workers in Rs country

K1: Would you like foreign workers to increase or decrease in [country/region]?


1 Increase greatly 5.9 2.0 2.2 3.2

2 Increase some 37.5 16.7 17.7 13.4

3 Stay the same 31.3 52.4 27.1 22.9

4 Decrease some 21.4 21.2 38.7 33.7

5 Decrease greatly 3.9 6.6 11.2 23.5

8 DK, refused 0.1 1.1 3.1 3.3

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

85. v84

Should increase or decrease foreign brides in Rs country

K2: Would you like foreign brides to increase or decrease in [country/region]?


1 Increase greatly 5.5 1.8 2.0 -

2 Increase some 34.5 12.6 19.6 -

3 Stay the same 35.2 59.4 29.0 -

4 Decrease some 21.5 18.6 36.1 -

5 Decrease greatly 3.3 6.1 10.1 -

7 TW: not asked - - - 100.0

8 DK, refused 0.1 1.5 3.2 -

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

32

86. v84_tw1

Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from South East Asian in Rs country

Would you like foreign brides who are from South East Asian to increase or decrease in Taiwan?


1 Increase greatly - - - 0.8

2 Increase some - - - 5.2

3 Stay the same - - - 28.9

4 Decrease some - - - 39.4

5 Decrease greatly - - - 21.5

8 DK, Refused - - - 4.2

n - - - 2067

9 Not applicable

87. v84_tw2

Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from China in Rs country

Would you like foreign brides who are from China to increase or decrease in Taiwan?







8 DK, Refused - - - 4.1

n - - - 2067

9 Not applicable

88. v84_tw3

Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from other foreign country in Rs country

Would you like foreign brides who are from other foreign country to increase or decrease in Taiwan?







8 DK, Refused - - - 4.9

n - - - 2067

9 Not applicable

EASS 2008 Culture

33

L: Attitudes towards Globalization-Nationalism

Now we would like to ask a few questions about relations between (country/region, e.g. South Korea) and other

countries. How much do you agree or disagree with these statements?

89. v85

Should limit import of foreign products

L1: (Country/region) should limit the import of foreign products in order to protect its national economy.



2 Agree 38.5 11.1 12.3 30.8

3 Somewhat agree 17.2 21.9 26.6 13.9



6 Disagree 13.2 5.2 9.2 23.4


8 DK, refused 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

90. v86

Should follow national interest even if causing conflict with other nations

L2: (Country/region) should follow its national interests even if these would lead to conflicts with other

nations.


1 Strongly agree 18.1 3.0 10.6 15.5

2 Agree 48.8 12.7 20.9 51.3

3 Somewhat agree 17.2 26.4 29.7 10.5



6 Disagree 2.2 4.0 4.3 8.5


8 DK, refused 0.1 0.5 0.3 1.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

91. v87

Increased exposure to foreign culture is damaging own culture

L3: Increased exposure to foreign films, music and books is damaging our own culture.



2 Agree 18.4 3.1 11.3 8.5

3 Somewhat agree 14.0 8.2 21.9 3.9



6 Disagree 22.1 13.8 11.4 51.8


8 DK, refused 0.1 0.6 0.3 1.7

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

34

M: Overall Evaluation about Globalization

Mobility of people, goods, and capital etc. has been increasing among countries/regions, do you think it is good

or bad for ...

92. v88

Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for economy

M1: The (country/region)’s economy


1 Very good 12.2 4.9 4.4 8.7

2 Good 52.4 20.0 14.8 51.9

3 Somewhat good 21.7 24.8 45.5 10.8

4 Neither good nor bad 7.9 27.9 16.8 8.5

5 Somewhat bad 2.3 6.8 13.6 5.9

6 Bad 1.8 3.8 2.3 8.7

7 Very bad 0.2 1.2 0.9 1.5

8 Can’t choose 1.5 10.6 1.8 4.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

93. v89

Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for job opportunities for workers

M2: Job opportunities for (country/region)’s workers


1 Very good 10.2 2.2 2.1 5.0

2 Good 45.4 11.9 9.2 42.8

3 Somewhat good 21.9 18.3 29.6 10.6


5 Somewhat bad 6.1 15.0 30.9 10.7

6 Bad 3.4 7.3 5.2 15.5

7 Very bad 0.8 1.9 1.8 3.6

8 Can’t choose 1.4 10.3 1.7 3.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

94. v90

Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for environment

M3: The (country/region)’s environment


1 Very good 4.2 1.5 2.1 3.0

2 Good 29.1 8.0 4.3 36.0

3 Somewhat good 17.8 16.8 19.4 11.8


5 Somewhat bad 12.8 15.6 32.4 12.8

6 Bad 9.6 7.5 7.2 14.1

7 Very bad 2.5 1.5 1.7 2.3

8 Can’t choose 2.3 10.2 2.0 4.3

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

35

N: Social Network

95. v91

Numbers of acquaintances contacts during last New Year Celebration

N1: During the last [Chinese] New Year celebration, with how many people other than family members or

relatives did you exchange holiday greetings through telephone, mails, internet, home visits, or gatherings?

Your best estimates are: …


1 0 30.3 1.9 6.6 7.8

2 1-4 20.8 7.9 15.4 17.1

3 5-9 19.6 13.8 20.0 26.5

4 10-19 19.3 21.5 25.7 26.9

5 20-49 8.7 26.6 20.6 15.7

6 50-99 1.2 17.3 7.3 3.4

7 100 or more 0.0 10.6 3.9 2.4

8 DK, refused 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.3

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

96. v92

Numbers of family members contacts during last New Year Celebration

N2: During the last [Chinese] New Year celebration, with how many family members or relatives, excluding

those who live with you, did you exchange holiday greetings through telephone, mails, internet, home visits, or

gatherings? Your best estimates are: …


1 0 8.2 2.1 3.6 5.5

2 1-4 12.4 12.7 15.0 16.1

3 5-9 21.9 21.9 25.1 24.9

4 10-19 31.7 29.2 34.5 33.8

5 20-49 23.4 20.9 17.4 15.8

6 50-99 2.3 7.4 3.1 3.0

7 100 or more 0.1 5.1 0.9 0.7

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.2

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

97. v93

Numbers of acquaintances contacts on an ordinary day

N3: On an ordinary day, with how many people other than family members or relatives do you have contacts

through telephone, mails, internet, or face-to-face? Your best estimates are: …


1 0 9.2 1.7 4.2 2.3

2 1-4 41.4 28.2 45.5 18.9

3 5-9 22.5 21.7 23.6 19.3

4 10-19 17.2 23.8 14.8 25.2

5 20-49 6.9 16.9 8.6 21.3

6 50-99 1.8 5.0 2.3 8.0

7 100 or more 1.0 2.2 0.7 4.7

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.3

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

36

98. v94

Numbers of family members contacts on an ordinary day

N4: On an ordinary day, with how many family members or relatives, excluding those who live with you, do you

have contacts through telephone, mails, internet, or face-to-face? Your best estimates are:


1 0 15.0 21.5 17.2 18.1

2 1-4 63.1 53.0 69.3 52.9

3 5-9 15.8 12.8 8.9 16.8

4 10-19 5.2 7.4 2.7 7.1

5 20-49 0.8 3.5 1.2 3.2

6 50-99 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.8

7 100 or more 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.8

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.3

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

N5: Among the people you mentioned in questions N1 to N4, check those occupations in which some of them

work from the following:

99. v95

Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Legislators, senior officials

(1) Legislators, senior officials


1 Yes 21.2 17.5 14.7 25.8

2 No 78.8 78.9 85.1 73.1

8 DK, refused 0.0 3.7 0.1 1.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

100. v96

Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Managers

(2) Managers


1 Yes 29.1 47.9 30.4 40.0

2 No 70.9 48.8 69.4 58.9

8 DK, refused 0.0 3.3 0.2 1.2

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

101. v97

Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Professionals

(3) Professionals


1 Yes 52.8 47.5 49.6 58.1

2 No 47.2 49.0 50.2 40.9

8 DK, refused 0.0 3.5 0.2 1.1

N 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

37

102. v98

Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Tech or associate professionals

(4) Technicians or associate professionals


1 Yes 41.8 25.2 49.5 61.9

2 No 58.2 69.7 50.3 37.1

8 DK, refused 0.0 5.1 0.2 1.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

103. v99

Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Clerical support workers

(5) Clerical support workers


1 Yes 36.4 62.6 75.8 62.3

2 No 63.6 34.2 24.1 36.6

8 DK, refused 0.0 3.2 0.1 1.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

104. v100

Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Service or sales workers

(6) Service or sales workers


1 Yes 49.2 63.5 69.9 80.6

2 No 50.8 33.2 29.8 18.4

8 DK, refused 0.0 3.3 0.3 1.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

105. v101

Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Agri, forestry or fishery workers

(7) Skilled agricultural, forestry or fishery workers


1 Yes 19.1 28.6 50.5 39.4

2 No 80.9 66.5 49.3 59.5

8 DK, refused 0.0 4.9 0.2 1.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

106. v102

Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Craft or trade workers

(8) Craft or related trade workers


1 Yes 39.6 41.9 46.1 58.5

2 No 60.4 53.5 53.8 40.3

8 DK, refused 0.0 4.6 0.1 1.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

38

107. v103

Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Machine operators or assemblers

(9) Plant or machine operators or assemblers


1 Yes 59.2 35.0 41.6 50.1

2 No 40.8 60.5 58.2 48.8

8 DK, refused 0.0 4.5 0.1 1.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

108. v104

Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Elementary occupations

(10) Elementary occupations


1 Yes 63.4 45.2 45.0 56.1

2 No 36.6 50.1 54.9 42.8

8 DK, refused 0.0 4.7 0.1 1.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

*CGSS uses two forms of questionnaire (Form A and Form B). All respondents of EASS answer both Form A

and Form B. N1, N2, and slightly different format of N5 (=N5') are in Form A. N3, N4, and N5 shown here

are in Form B. Data of N5' are converted to match N5.

*TSCS asks N5 about people whom respondents have in mind in N3 and N4.

O: Questions on fluency in English

How would you assess your abilities in:

109. v105

Self-Assessed English ability: Reading short article

O1. Reading a short article in English newspapers


1 Very good 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.9

2 Good 3.1 2.4 3.5 7.5

3 Fair 8.1 13.6 16.5 19.3

4 Poor 19.0 19.4 35.9 25.1

5 Very poor 69.0 63.3 43.0 46.1

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

110. v106

Self-Assessed English ability: Chatting with English Speakers

O2. Chatting with English speakers


1 Very good 0.6 0.2 0.5 1.2

2 Good 1.4 1.5 3.2 5.8

3 Fair 5.8 9.9 14.2 16.2

4 Poor 21.2 20.2 38.2 28.3

5 Very poor 71.0 67.8 43.8 48.4

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

111. v107 Self-Assessed English ability: Writing a letter

O3. Writing a letter in English


1 Very good 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.4

2 Good 1.5 1.4 3.0 4.7

3 Fair 5.7 8.4 10.6 13.9

4 Poor 19.6 15.2 37.0 26.0

5 Very poor 72.4 74.1 48.7 53.9

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 n 3010 2160 1508 2067

P: Optional Questions

112. s1_cjt Bachelor/master/doctoral degree overseas

P1: Did you obtain a bachelor/master’s/doctoral degree overseas?


1 Yes 0.1 0.2 - 1.5

2 No 99.9 99.3 - 98.5

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 - 0.0

9

Not applicable

n 3010 2160 - 2067

113. s2_cjt Professional training or on-the-job training overseas

P2: Did you participate in any professional training or on-the-job training for at least 5 days overseas?


1 Yes 0.4 5.2 - 4.4

2 No 99.6 94.2 - 95.6

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 - 0.0

9

Not applicable

n 3010 2160 - 2067

*JGSS includes educational training as well as occupational training

114. cn_frcap Working for a foreign capital company: China

P3: What’s the property right of your current company/work unit (or your last company/work unit)?


1 State owned 42.2 - - -

2 Collective owned 8.4 - - -

3 Private 37.7 - - -

4 Funded by Hong Kong/Macau/Taiwan capital 0.8 - - -

5 Funded by foreign capital 2.6 - - -

6 Combined capital 1.3 - - -

7 Others 1.8 - - -

8 DK, refused 5.1 - - -

9

Not applicable

n 997 - - -

39

EASS 2008 Culture

40

115. jp_frcap

Working for a foreign capital company: Japan

P4: Do you work for a foreign capital company as your main job?


1 I work for a foreign capital company - 1.8 - -

2 I do not work for a foreign capital company - 90.6 - -

8 DK, refused - 7.6 - -

n - 1357 - -

9 Not applicable

116. tw_frcap

Working for a foreign capital company: Taiwan

P5: What is the main source of capital of the organization or company you work for?


1 Foreign capital - - - 2.8

2 Domestic capital - - - 79.3

3 Both foreign and domestic capital - - - 7.8

4 Non-profit organization - - - 1.2

5 Public sector - - - 8.4

8 DK, refused - - - 0.6

n - - - 1341

9 Not applicable

EASS 2008 Standard Background Variable:

117. sex

R: Sex


1 Male 47.8 46.5 46.0 49.8

2 Female 52.2 53.5 54.0 50.2

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

118. age

R: Age


18-19 2.6 - 3.1 2.8

20-29 16.7 11.4 16.3 20.6

30-39 24.6 16.2 23.9 18.6

40-49 23.0 15.2 23.0 19.6

50-59 18.4 18.8 13.3 18.5

60-69 11.8 20.8 10.0 10.4

70-79 2.5 13.8 7.8 7.1

80-89 0.4 3.9 2.2 2.1

90-98 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

888 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

41

119. marital

R: Marital status


1 Married 82.8 70.9 65.1 61.4

2 Widowed 3.1 8.5 9.4 6.1

3 Divorced 1.5 4.5 3.0 3.2

4 Separated (Have intention to divorce) 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.7

5 Never married 11.5 15.6 21.5 28.1

6 Cohabiting 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

120. relig

R: Religious main groups


1 No religion 90.1 60.8 39.7 -

2 Roman Catholic 0.2 0.2 9.0 -

3 Protestant 1.7 0.0 25.9 -

4 Christian Orthodox 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

5 Jewish 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

6 Islam 1.2 0.0 0.0 -

7 Buddhism 6.3 27.4 23.7 -

8 Hinduism 0.1 0.0 0.0 -

9 Other Christian Religions 0.0 0.7 0.0 -

10 Other Eastern Religions 0.2 6.1 1.4 -

11 Other Religions 0.2 0.0 0.3 -

77 TW: not asked - - - 100.0

88 DK, refused 0.0 4.8 0.0 -

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

121. topbot

R: Top bottom self-placement 10 pt scale


1 Lowest, 01 10.8 3.6 5.0 6.0

2 02 5.8 3.0 4.4 2.8

3 03 13.2 11.9 13.8 8.0

4 04 12.1 15.4 22.4 7.2

5 05 16.2 15.5 25.3 40.0

6 06 30.7 35.6 16.0 17.8

7 07 7.2 8.1 9.5 8.6

8 08 2.7 5.1 2.9 4.4

9 09 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.7

10 Highest, 10 0.5 0.2 0.4 2.2

88 DK, refused 0.0 0.8 0.3 2.5

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

42

122. urbrural

R: Self-assessment of community type


1 A big city 15.9 4.5 30.1 28.2

2 The suburbs or outskirts of a big city 2.1 14.6 24.8 24.8

3 A town or a small city 46.6 44.1 30.7 26.9

4 A country village 34.8 31.6 13.2 19.5

5 A farm or home in the country 0.0 5.0 0.9 0.4

8 DK, refused 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.2

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

123. cn_reg

Region: China


1 Anhui 4.0 - - -

2 Beijing 2.0 - - -

3 Fujian 2.0 - - -

4 Ganshu 1.0 - - -

5 Guangdong 7.0 - - -

6 Guangxi 3.0 - - -

7 Guizhou 4.0 - - -

8 Hebei 4.0 - - -

9 Henan 9.3 - - -

10 Heilongjiang 4.0 - - -

11 Hubei 4.0 - - -

12 Hunan 3.0 - - -

13 Jiling 4.0 - - -

14 Jiangsu 8.0 - - -

15 Jiangxi 4.0 - - -

16 Liaoning 4.0 - - -

17 Leimonggu 3.0 - - -

18 Ningxia 2.0 - - -

19 Shandong 4.0 - - -

20 Shanxi(jing) 2.0 - - -

21 Shanxi(qing) 5.0 - - -

22 Shanghai 4.0 - - -

23 Sichuan 2.0 - - -

24 Tianjin 2.0 - - -

25 Xingjiang 3.0 - - -

26 Yunnan 2.0 - - -

27 Zhejiang 2.0 - - -

28 Chongqing 2.0 - - -

n 3010 - - -

99 Not applicable

EASS 2008 Culture

43

124. jp_reg

Region: Japan


1 Hokkaido or Tohoku - 13.6 - -

2 Kanto - 28.1 - -

3 Chubu - 21.1 - -

4 Kinki - 15.0 - -

5 Cyugoku or Shikoku - 10.3 - -

6 Kyusyu - 11.9 - -

n - 2160 - -

99 Not applicable

125. kr_reg

Region: South Korea


1 Seoul Metropolitan City - - 19.4 -

2 Incheon Metropolitan city - - 21.0 -

3 Daejeon Metropolitan city - - 6.5 -

4 Busan Metropolitan city - - 2.9 -

5 Ulsan Metropolitan City - - 3.2 -

6 Deagu Metropolitan City - - 8.1 -

7 Gwangju Metropolitan city - - 3.5 -

8 Gyeonggi Province - - 7.6 -

9 Gangwon Province - - 7.0 -

10 Chungcheong Province - - 2.0 -

11 Gyeongsang Province - - 5.1 -

12 Jeolla Province - - 12.6 -

13 Jeju-do - - 1.1 -

n - - 1508 -

99 Not applicable

126. tw_reg

Region: Taiwan


1 Keelung city - - - 2.3

2 Taipei city - - - 8.0

3 Taipei county - - - 15.9

4 Taoyuan county - - - 8.1

5 Hsinchu city - - - 3.2

6 Hsinchu county - - - 2.3

7 Miaoli county - - - 2.2

8 Taichung city - - - 3.1

9 Taichung county - - - 11.4

10 Nantou county - - - 0.0

11 Changhua county - - - 5.3

12 Yunlin county - - - 0.0

13 Chiayi city - - - 0.2

14 Chiayi county - - - 5.3

15 Tainan city - - - 7.0

16 Tainan county - - - 3.4

17 Kaohsiung city - - - 4.6

18 Kaohsiung county - - - 6.8

19 Pingtung county - - - 6.1

20 Ilan county - - - 3.0

21 Hualien county - - - 1.4

EASS 2008 Culture

44

90 China - - - 0.1

91 Japan - - - 0.0

92 Europe - - - 0.0

n - - - 2067

99 Not applicable

127. happy

R: General happiness


1 Very happy, 1 21.5 17.6 - 20.5

2 2 42.5 42.2 - 44.7

3 3 24.3 31.5 - 24.3

4 4 9.3 7.5 - 7.5

5 Very unhappy, 5 2.5 0.7 - 2.9

7 KR: not asked - - 100.0 -

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 - 0.2

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

128. happy_kr

R: General happiness: Korea


1 Very happy - - 16.0 -

2 Fairly happy - - 56.4 -

3 Not very happy - - 22.1 -

4 Not happy at all - - 3.9 -

8 DK, refused - - 1.6 -

n - - 1508 -

9 Not applicable

129. educyrs

R: Education I: years of schooling


0 No schooling at all 8.5 0.0 4.6 6.0

1

0.6 0.0 0.3 0.1

2

1.8 0.0 0.6 0.6

3

3.2 0.0 0.5 0.5

4

3.2 0.0 0.3 0.6

5

6.0 0.0 0.1 0.6

6

6.9 1.6 9.3 13.2

7

3.9 0.0 0.5 0.9

8

11.7 2.5 0.0 1.2

9

15.4 12.3 6.1 9.9

10

3.9 0.0 0.7 1.6

11

7.5 3.1 0.7 1.6

12

10.6 43.9 31.8 22.7

13

3.1 0.1 4.2 2.5

14

3.0 13.2 11.3 11.7

15

5.0 0.6 1.5 5.0

16

3.8 19.8 22.3 13.6

17

1.1 0.5 0.5 2.1

18

0.3 1.3 3.3 3.4

19

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.9

20

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4

EASS 2008 Culture

45

21

0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

22

0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3

23

0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

24

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

25

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

88 DK, refused 0.2 1.2 0.6 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

130. degree

R: Education II: highest education level


0 No formal qualification 8.6 0.0 6.4 8.4

1 Elementary school 24.4 1.6 9.8 15.0

2 Junior high 28.8 14.8 7.6 13.2

3 High school 22.8 47.1 39.5 30.5

4 Junior college 9.0 12.5 9.4 12.5

5 University 5.9 21.5 23.0 16.0

6 Graduate school 0.3 1.5 3.9 4.4

8 DK, refused 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

131. Inschl

R: Education I sub: still in school


0 Out of school 96.7 98.6 88.9 93.1

1 Still in school 3.3 1.3 10.7 6.9

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

132. wrkst

R: Current working status


1 Wage employee 30.9 49.1 42.0 45.2

2 Employer 1.5 6.0 3.9 6.9

3 Self-employed without an employee 32.6 5.4 10.5 9.1

4 Helping family business 0.8 2.3 2.3 3.6

5 Having no work income 34.3 37.0 41.2 35.1

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

46

133. fullpart

R: Working full- or part-time


1 Working full-time 90.5 70.2 82.1 85.6

2 Working part-time 8.8 28.8 16.8 13.6

8 DK, refused 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8

n 1979 1357 885 1341

9 Not applicable (Having no current work income)

134. wrkhrs

R: Working hours per week


1-9 0.8 3.9 2.5 1.3

10-19 1.7 7.2 3.8 2.6

20-29 3.5 10.9 6.3 5.7

30-39 6.3 12.2 7.3 6.9

40-49 34.8 39.1 38.0 50.4

50-59 21.5 14.6 15.9 12.7

60-69 8.0 6.8 9.9 8.3

70-79 15.9 2.5 8.6 5.6

80-89 4.8 1.2 4.0 2.8

90 or over 2.0 0.6 2.6 3.0

888 DK, refused 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8

n 1979 1357 885 1341


135. empcntrt

R: Employment contract of wage employees


1 Regular worker 66.5 66.6 71.6 76.1

2 Temporary worker 33.5 33.4 28.4 23.9

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

n 929 1061 634 935

9 Not applicable (Not a wage employee)

136. wrktype

R: Employment sector


1 Works for government organization 5.8 10.7 8.7 12.0

2 Works for public or non-profit organization 21.4 11.8 6.3 3.9

3 Works for private organization 54.5 73.1 85.0 84.1

8 DK, refused 18.3 4.3 0.0 0.1

n 929 1061 634 935

9 Not applicable (Not a wage employee)

EASS 2008 Culture

47

137. whynowrk

R: Reasons for having no current work income


1 Unemployed 11.5 4.4 0.8 18.3

2 Student, school, vocational training 7.9 2.5 15.4 14.9

3 Retired 31.8 23.0 9.2 31.3

4 Housewife,-man, home duties 33.2 53.6 35.4 29.8

5 Permanently disabled 5.9 6.6 1.4 4.1

6 Other 9.7 5.9 36.2 1.7

8 DK, refused 0.0 4.0 1.6 0.0

n 1031 799 622 726

9 Not applicable (Having current work income)

138. isco88

R: Occupation ILO, ISCO 1988 4-digit


Armed forces 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0

Legislators, senior officials and managers 5.6 4.0 1.7 7.9

Professionals 8.4 8.8 7.5 9.2

Technicians and associate professionals 5.0 13.5 25.1 19.5

Clerks 2.1 21.0 12.4 12.5

Service workers and shop and market sales workers 12.3 16.1 19.3 18.8

Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 38.7 4.7 5.2 4.3

Craft and related trades workers 6.4 11.5 9.3 11.5

Plant and machine operators and assemblers 5.8 12.2 6.9 8.9

Elementary occupations 12.4 7.7 12.0 7.1

88888 DK, refused 3.3 0.5 0.2 0.2

n 1979 1357 885 1341


139. cn_rinc

R: Earnings from main job: China


0 1.6 - - -

Less than 3,745 yuan 25.1 - - -

3,746 yuan - 4,604 yuan 3.2 - - -

4,605 yuan - 6,993 yuan 9.0 - - -

6,994 yuan - 9,568 yuan 6.6 - - -

9,569 yuan - 12,979 yuan 14.0 - - -

12,980 yuan - 17,685 yuan 6.6 - - -

17,686 yuan - 24,106 yuan 12.9 - - -

24,107 yuan - 40,019 yuan 9.2 - - -

40,020 yuan or more 6.3 - - -

7777777 Refused 4.8

8888888 DK 0.8 - - -

n 1979 - - -

9999999 Not applicable

EASS 2008 Culture

48

140. jp_rinc

R: Earnings from main job: Japan


1 None - 0.9 - -

2 Less than 700,000 yen - 9.5 - -

3 700,000 yen - 1 million yen - 8.3 - -

4 1 million yen - 1.3 million yen - 5.5 - -

5 1.3 million yen - 1.5 million yen - 2.9 - -








13 8.5 million yen - 10 million yen - 3.2 - -

14 10 million yen - 12 million yen - 1.2 - -





19 23 million yen or over - 0.2 - -

7777777 Refused - 13.0 - -

8888888 DK - 6.9 - -

n - 1357 - -


141. kr_rinc

R: Earnings from main job: Korea


0 - - 2.7 -

Less than 490,000 won - - 6.7 -

500,000 won - 990,000 won - - 11.6 -

1,000,000 won - 1,490,000 won - - 16.8 -

1,500,000 won - 1,990,000 won - - 12.5 -

2,000,000 won - 2,490,000 won - - 15.3 -

2,500,000 won - 2,990,000 won - - 8.4 -

3,000,000 won - 3,490,000 won - - 8.1 -

3,500,000 won - 3,990,000 won - - 2.9 -

4,000,000 won - 4,490,000 won - - 4.0 -

4,500,000 won - 4,990,000 won - - 1.7 -

5,000,000 won or more - - 8.5 -

8888888 DK, refused - - 0.8 -

n - - 885 -


EASS 2008 Culture

49

142. tw_rinc

R: Earnings from jobs (both main and part-time jobs): Taiwan


1 No income - - - 2.4

2 NT$10,000 or less - - - 8.6

3 NT$10,001 - NT$20,000 - - - 13.3

4 NT$20,001 - NT$30,000 - - - 21.7

5 NT$30,001 - NT$40,000 - - - 18.3

6 NT$40,001 - NT$50,000 - - - 11.6

7 NT$50,001 - NT$60,000 - - - 8.8

8 NT$60,001 - NT$70,000 - - - 4.2

9 NT$70,001 - NT$80,000 - - - 3.1

10 NT$80,001 - NT$90,000 - - - 1.3

11 NT$90,001 - NT$100,000 - - - 2.0

12 NT$100,001 - NT$150,000 - - - 2.9

13 NT$150,001 - NT$200,000 - - - 0.4

14 NT$200,001 - NT$300,000 - - - 0.5

15 More than NT$300,000 - - - 0.1

7777777 Refused - - - 0.6

8888888 DK - - - 0.1

n - - - 1341


143. cn_rincx

R: Income other than main job: China


0 85.4 - - -

Less than 3,745 yuan 5.3 - - -

3,746 yuan - 4,604 yuan 0.3 - - -

4,605 yuan - 6,993 yuan 1.8 - - -

6,994 yuan - 9,568 yuan 0.5 - - -

9,569 yuan - 12,979 yuan 1.3 - - -

12,980 yuan - 17,685 yuan 0.3 - - -

17,686 yuan - 24,106 yuan 0.8 - - -

24,107 yuan - 40,019 yuan 0.3 - - -

40,020 yuan or more 0.3 - - -

7777777 Refused 2.0 - - -

8888888 DK 1.7 - - -

n 3010 - - -


EASS 2008 Culture

50

144. jp_rincx

R: Income other than main job: Japan


0 - 54.0 - -

Less than 700,000 yen - 5.0 - -

700,000 yen - 1 million yen - 4.9 - -

1 million yen - 1.3 million yen - 4.0 - -

1.3 million yen - 1.5 million yen - 1.8 - -








8.5 million yen - 10 million yen - 0.1 - -

10 million yen - 12 million yen - 0.0 - -


7777777 Refused - 12.1 - -

8888888 DK - 7.1 - -

n - 2160 - -


145. kr_rincx

R: Income other than main job: Korea


0 - - 74.6 -

Less than 490,000 won - - 13.4 -

500,000 won - 990,000 won - - 4.4 -

1,000,000 won - 1,490,000 won - - 3.1 -

1,500,000 won - 1,990,000 won - - 1.0 -

2,000,000 won - 2,490,000 won - - 1.1 -

2,500,000 won - 2,990,000 won - - 0.3 -

3,000,000 won - 3,490,000 won - - 0.7 -

3,500,000 won - 3,990,000 won - - 0.1 -

4,000,000 won - 4,490,000 won - - 0.1 -

4,500,000 won - 5,000,000 won - - 0.0 -

5,000,000 won or more - - 0.4 -

8888888 DK, refused - - 0.9 -

n - - 1508 -


146. tw_rincx

R: Income other than jobs: Taiwan


6666666 TW: not asked - - - 100.0

n - - - 2067


EASS 2008 Culture

51

147. hhdnum

Number of household members


1

7.2 8.1 14.4 4.4

2

25.2 25.5 21.8 10.5

3

34.1 22.4 23.4 15.4

4

16.4 21.5 30.7 24.6

5

10.5 12.4 7.1 19.5

6

4.2 7.1 2.0 11.8

7

1.6 2.5 0.5 5.6

8

0.4 0.3 0.0 3.2

9

0.3 0.1 0.1 1.9

10-18

0.0 0.1 0.1 2.9

888 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

148. cn_hinc

Total household income: China


0 0.3 - - -

Less than 3,745 yuan 6.9 - - -

3,746 yuan - 4,604 yuan 2.2 - - -

4,605 yuan - 6,993 yuan 6.2 - - -

6,994 yuan - 9,568 yuan 5.8 - - -

9,569 yuan - 12,979 yuan 11.7 - - -

12,980 yuan - 17,685 yuan 8.3 - - -

17,686 yuan - 24,106 yuan 14.5 - - -

24,107 yuan - 40,019 yuan 21.4 - - -

40,020 yuan or more 17.4 - - -

8888888 DK, refused 5.3 - - -

n 3010 - - -


149. jp_hinc

Total household income: Japan


1 None - 0.4 - -

2 Less than 700,000 yen - 0.9 - -

3 700,000 yen - 1 million yen - 1.2 - -















EASS 2008 Culture

52



7777777 Refused - 11.9 - -

8888888 DK - 18.1 - -

n - 2160 - -


150. kr_hinc

Total household income: Korea


0 - - 0.7 -

Less than 490,000 won - - 7.3 -

500,000 won - 990,000 won - - 5.1 -

1,000,000 won - 1,490,000 won - - 6.2 -

1,500,000 won - 1,990,000 won - - 6.4 -

2,000,000 won - 2,490,000 won - - 10.0 -

2,500,000 won - 2,990,000 won - - 7.6 -

3,000,000 won - 3,490,000 won - - 11.9 -

3,500,000 won - 3,990,000 won - - 6.2 -

4,000,000 won - 4,490,000 won - - 7.9 -

4,500,000 won - 4,990,000 won - - 4.4 -

5,000,000 won - 5,490,000 won - - 7.0 -

5,500,000 won - 5,990,000 won - - 2.9 -

6,000,000 won - 6,490,000 won - - 2.3 -

6,500,000 won - 6,990,000 won - - 1.5 -

7,000,000 won - 7,490,000 won - - 2.0 -

7,500,000 won - 7,990,000 won - - 1.3 -

8,000,000 won - 8,490,000 won - - 1.7 -

8,500,000 won - 8,990,000 won - - 0.6 -

9,000,000 won - 9,450,000 won - - 0.4 -

9,500,000 won - 9,990,000 won - - 0.4 -

10,000,000 won or more - - 3.7 -

8888888 DK, refused - - 2.7 -

n - - 1508 -


EASS 2008 Culture

53

151. tw_hinc

Total household income: Taiwan


1 No income - - - 1.5

2 NT$10,000 or less - - - 3.1

3 NT$10,001 - NT$20,000 - - - 4.6

4 NT$20,001 - NT$30,000 - - - 7.6

5 NT$30,001 - NT$40,000 - - - 7.6

6 NT$40,001 - NT$50,000 - - - 7.5

7 NT$50,001 - NT$60,000 - - - 10.5

8 NT$60,001 - NT$70,000 - - - 7.3

9 NT$70,001 - NT$80,000 - - - 6.0

10 NT$80,001 - NT$90,000 - - - 5.1

11 NT$90,001 - NT$100,000 - - - 6.6

12 NT$100,001 - NT$110,000 - - - 6.0

13 NT$110,001 - NT$120,000 - - - 2.5

14 NT$120,001 - NT$130,000 - - - 2.9

15 NT$130,001 - NT$140,000 - - - 1.2

16 NT$140,001 - NT$150,000 - - - 2.1

17 NT$150,001 - NT$160,000 - - - 1.9

18 NT$160,001 - NT$170,000 - - - 0.8

19 NT$170,001 - NT$180,000 - - - 0.4

20 NT$180,001 - NT$190,000 - - - 0.5

21 NT$190,001 - NT$200,000 - - - 1.4

22 NT$200,001 - NT$250,000 - - - 1.2

23 NT$250,001 - NT$300,000 - - - 0.8

24 NT$300,001 - NT$350,000 - - - 0.6

25 NT$350,001 - NT$400,000 - - - 0.2

26 NT$400,001 - NT$1,000,000 - - - 0.7

27 More than NT$1,000,000 - - - 0.1

7777777 Refused - - - 1.0

8888888 DK - - - 8.2

n - - - 2067


152. rltvhinc

Household income compared


1 Far below average 9.7 10.7

1.5

7.7

2 Below average 35.6 30.5

16.6

19.5

3 Average 49.5 44.8 35.7 63.6

4 Above average 5.0 11.8

30.8

8.2

5 Far above average 0.1 1.1

14.5

0.4

8 DK, refused 0.0 1.3 0.8 0.5

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

153. weight

Weighting factor

EASS 2008 Culture

54

154. spage

SP: Age


16-19 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2

20-29 11.2 3.1 4.3 5.8

30-39 26.0 14.6 25.8 19.2

40-49 26.3 18.5 34.0 25.8

50-59 20.8 22.5 18.5 24.6

60-69 11.4 23.5 9.6 13.1

70-79 3.3 14.2 6.6 8.1

80-89 0.4 3.1 0.8 1.5

90-92 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

888 DK, refused 0.2 0.6 0.2 1.6

n 2517 1538 987 1278

999 Not applicable

155. spedyrs

SP: Education I: years of schooling



1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0

3 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0

4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

5 22.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

6 0.0 1.0 6.9 17.6

8 33.7 2.1 0.0 0.0

9 0.0 11.8 8.4 16.5

10 7.2 0.0 0.3 0.0

11 14.9 2.3 0.0 0.0

12 0.0 49.1 38.2 30.0

13 3.0 0.1 0.9 0.1

14 3.8 11.1 10.1 12.6

15 1.4 0.0 0.2 1.8

16 3.4 19.3 25.8 11.7

17 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0

18 0.0 1.5 2.9 2.5

20 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

22 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0

23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

88 DK, refused 0.4 1.3 1.6 0.5

n 2517 1538 987 1278

99 Not applicable (Not married)

EASS 2008 Culture

55

156. spdegr

SP: Education II: highest education level




2 Junior high 33.7 13.8 9.1 16.5

3 High school 22.1 51.6 39.7 30.0

4 Junior college 6.8 10.7 9.8 14.6

5 University 4.8 20.1 26.5 11.7


8 DK, refused 0.4 1.3 0.7 0.5

n 2517 1538 987 1278


157. spinschl

SP: Education I sub: still in school


0 Out of school 99.1 98.1 98.8 99.6

1 Still in school 0.7 0.0 1.1 0.0

8 DK, refused 0.2 1.9 0.1 0.4

n 2517 1538 987 1278


158. spwrkst

SP: Current working status


1 Wage employee 29.1 46.8 44.8 38.3

2 Employer 1.3 6.6 7.7 6.7

3 Self-employed without an employee 38.2 5.5 11.2 8.1

4 Helping family business 4.5 3.8 5.2 7.2

5 Having no work income 26.7 37.0 30.6 39.0

8 DK, refused 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5

n 2517 1538 987 1278


159. spfullpt

SP: Working full- or part-time


1 Working full-time 97.1 69.9 87.1 88.0

2 Working part-time 2.6 27.3 10.1 9.3

8 DK, refused 0.3 2.8 2.8 2.7

n 1840 964 680 772

9 Not applicable (Having no current work income or

not married)

EASS 2008 Culture

56

160. spwrkhrs

SP: Working hours per week


1-9 0.5 2.7 0.7 1.6

10-19 0.4 6.7 2.6 1.6

20-29 1.0 11.0 3.7 3.4

30-39 2.4 10.3 6.0 6.5

40-49 26.3 37.9 38.2 54.3

50-59 49.5 14.5 17.1 10.8

60-69 4.8 8.9 13.1 8.8

70-79 10.1 2.9 8.7 7.0

80-89 3.8 1.7 4.4 2.3

90 or over 1.2 0.6 2.6 1.2

888 DK, refused 0.0 2.8 2.8 2.7

n 1840 964 680 772


not married)

161. spempcnt

SP: Employment contract of wage employees


1 Regular worker 85.8 70.0 81.4 -

2 Temporary worker 14.2 30.0 18.1 -

7 TW: not asked - - - 100.0

8 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 .5 -

n 732 720 442 490

9 Not applicable (Not a wage employee or not married)

162. spwktype

SP: Employment sector


1 Works for government organization 5.3 10.7 10.9 13.3

2 Works for public or non-profit organization 23.8 12.8 8.4 4.1

3 Works for private organization 67.8 73.5 80.5 78.4

8 DK, refused 3.1 3.1 0.2 4.3

n 732 720 442 490

9 Not applicable (Not a wage employee or not married)

163. spnowrk

SP: Reasons for having no current work income


1 Unemployed 20.3 1.8 0.7 11.2

2 Student, school, vocational training 0.7 0.2 1.0 0.0

3 Retired 40.5 26.7 7.9 33.9

4 Housewife,-man, home duties 21.2 59.4 56.0 52.5

5 Permanently disabled 5.1 6.9 1.3 2.2

6 Other 12.2 3.7 30.8 0.2

8 DK, refused 0.0 1.4 2.3 0.0

n 671 569 302 499

9 Not applicable (Having current work income or not

married)

EASS 2008 Culture

57

164. spisco88

SP: Occupation ILO, ISCO 1988 4-digit


Armed forces 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0

Legislators, senior officials and managers 4.0 4.1 3.5 14.2

Professionals 7.4 10.1 7.5 7.9

Technicians and associate professionals 5.4 13.6 26.9 15.2

Clerks 1.3 19.0 11.2 10.4

Service workers and shop and market sales workers 11.4 14.4 17.6 16.7

Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 36.8 4.5 5.1 5.7

Craft and related trades workers 9.2 12.7 11.3 13.1

Plant and machine operators and assemblers 7.1 12.3 7.2 10.2

Elementary occupations 11.5 6.5 9.0 4.8

88888 DK, refused 5.9 2.8 0.3 1.8

n 1840 964 680 772


not married)

165. cn_spinc

SP: Earnings from main job: China


Less than 3,745 yuan 16.8 - - -

3,746 yuan - 4,604 yuan 3.8 - - -

4,605 yuan - 6,993 yuan 8.9 - - -

6,994 yuan - 9,568 yuan 8.0 - - -

9,569 yuan - 12,979 yuan 14.4 - - -

12,980 yuan - 17,685 yuan 9.5 - - -

17,686 yuan - 24,106 yuan 11.4 - - -

24,107 yuan - 40,019 yuan 11.8 - - -

40,020 yuan or more 5.8 - - -

8888888 DK, refused 9.7 - - -

n 1840 - - -


EASS 2008 Culture

58

166. jp_spinc

SP: Earnings from main job: Japan


1 None - 0.7 - -

2 Less than 700,000 yen - 6.5 - -

3 700,000 yen - 1 million yen - 6.5 - -

















7777777 Refused - 14.3 - -

8888888 DK - 14.3 - -

n - 964 - -


167. kr_spinc

SP: Earnings from main job: Korea


0 - - 5.6 -

Less than 490,000 won - - 2.4 -

500,000 won - 990,000 won - - 6.3 -

1,000,000 won - 1,490,000 won - - 12.8 -

1,500,000 won - 1,990,000 won - - 11.2 -

2,000,000 won - 2,490,000 won - - 14.7 -

2,500,000 won - 2,990,000 won - - 8.5 -

3,000,000 won - 3,490,000 won - - 11.0 -

3,500,000 won - 3,990,000 won - - 4.6 -

4,000,000 won - 4,490,000 won - - 6.6 -

4,500,000 won - 4,990,000 won - - 1.8 -

5,000,000 won or more - - 12.9 -

8888888 DK, refused - - 1.6 -

n - - 680 -


EASS 2008 Culture

59

168. tw_spinc

SP: Earnings from jobs (both main and part-time jobs): Taiwan


1 No income - - - 6.2

2 NT$10,000 or less - - - 5.1

3 NT$10,001 - NT$20,000 - - - 9.8

4 NT$20,001 - NT$30,000 - - - 19.8

5 NT$30,001 - NT$40,000 - - - 19.8

6 NT$40,001 - NT$50,000 - - - 11.1

7 NT$50,001 - NT$60,000 - - - 9.2

8 NT$60,001 - NT$70,000 - - - 5.2

9 NT$70,001 - NT$80,000 - - - 4.3

10 NT$80,001 - NT$90,000 - - - 1.7

11 NT$90,001 - NT$100,000 - - - 2.6

12 NT$100,001 - NT$150,000 - - - 1.4

13 NT$150,001 - NT$200,000 - - - 0.9

14 NT$200,001 - NT$300,000 - - - 0.3

15 More than NT$300,000 - - - 0.1

7777777 Refused - - - 1.0

8888888 DK - - - 1.4

n - - - 772


169. cn_sincx

SP: Income other than main job: China


6666666 CN: not asked 100.0 - - -

n 3010 - - -


170 .jp_sincx

SP: Income other than main job: Japan


0 - 51.8 - -

Less than 700,000 yen - 4.6 - -

700,000 yen - 1 million yen - 3.2 - -

1 million yen - 1.3 million yen - 1.9 - -








7.5 million yen - 8.5 million yen 0.0


12 million yen - 14 million yen - 0.1 - -

7777777 Refused - 12.0 - -

8888888 DK - 17.4 - -

n - 1538 - -


EASS 2008 Culture

60

171. kr_sincx

SP: Income other than main job: Korea


0 - - 86.5 -

Less than 490,000 won - - 5.3 -

500,000 won - 990,000 won - - 1.8 -

1,000,000 won - 1,490,000 won - - 1.6 -

1,500,000 won - 1,990,000 won - - 0.6 -

2,000,000 won - 2,490,000 won - - 0.9 -

3,000,000 won - 3,490,000 won - - 0.2 -

3,500,000 won - 3,990,000 won - - 0.1 -

4,000,000 won - 4,490,000 won - - 0.1 -

4,500,000 won - 4,990,000 won - - 0.0 -

5,000,000 won or more - - 0.2 -

8888888 DK, refused - - 2.6 -

n - - 987 -


172. tw_sincx

SP: Income other than jobs: Taiwan


6666666 TW: not asked - - - 100.0

n - - - 2067


173. paedyrs

PA: Education I: years of schooling



1

0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0

2

0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0

3

7.9 0.0 0.5 0.0

4

0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

5

27.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

6

0.0 15.3 22.7 35.3

7

0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0

8

18.2 11.5 0.0 0.0

9

0.0 7.6 12.0 12.7

10

3.3 0.0 0.5 0.0

11

6.8 11.9 0.0 0.0

12

0.0 15.3 22.3 14.0

13

0.7 0.8 0.5 0.3

14

1.0 5.3 2.2 4.0

15

0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3

16

1.2 7.4 9.9 6.0

17

0.0 2.4 0.1 0.0

18

0.0 0.6 0.8 0.6

20

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

22

0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

23

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

88 DK, refused 0.0 22.0 9.0 3.8

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

61

174. padegr

PA: Education II: highest education level




2 Junior high 16.7 19.1 12.5 12.7

3 High school 10.1 28.0 22.9 14.0

4 Junior college 1.6 1.2 2.1 4.6

5 University 1.7 13.8 10.0 6.0


8 DK, refused 1.5 22.0 9.0 3.8

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

175. maedyrs

MA: Education I: years of schooling



1

0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

2

0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0

3

2.3 0.0 0.3 0.0

4

0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

5

23.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

6

0.0 16.9 27.1 33.4

7

0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0

8

12.3 11.6 0.0 0.0

9

0.0 7.9 12.0 11.5

10

1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0

11

3.6 15.5 0.0 0.0

12

0.0 18.4 20.0 10.6

13

0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0

14

0.3 6.3 1.1 1.8

15

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

16

0.5 2.4 3.8 2.0

17

0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

18

0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1

22

0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

23

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

88 DK, refused 0.0 19.9 7.8 2.7

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

176. madegr

MA: Education II: highest education level




2 Junior high 11.6 19.4 12.1 11.5

3 High school 5.5 34.6 20.4 10.6

4 Junior college 0.6 4.1 0.9 2.1

5 University 0.5 4.9 3.8 2.0


8 DK, refused 0.7 19.9 7.8 2.7

n 3010 2160 1508 2067

EASS 2008 Culture

62

Appendix

EASS 2008 Culture

63

A. International Occupational Codes: ILO/ISCO 1988

MAJOR GROUP 1 LEGISLATORS, SENIOR OFFICIALS AND MANAGERS 11 LEGISLATORS AND SENIOR OFFICIALS

111 LEGISLATORS 1110 Legislators

112 SENIOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS 1120 Senior government officials

113 TRADITIONAL CHIEFS AND HEADS OF VILLAGES 1130 Traditional chiefs and heads of villages 114 SENIOR OFFICIALS OF SPECIAL-INTEREST ORGANISATIONS

1141 Senior officials of political-party organisations 1142 Senior officials of employers', workers' and other economic-interest organisations 1143 Senior officials of humanitarian and other special-interest organisations

12 CORPORATE MANAGERS

121 DIRECTORS AND CHIEF EXECUTIVES 1210 Directors and chief executives

122 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT MANAGERS 1221 Production and operations department managers in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 1222 Production and operations department managers in manufacturing 1223 Production and operations department managers in construction 1224 Production and operations department managers in wholesale and retail trade 1225 Production and operations department managers in restaurants and hotels 1226 Production and operations department managers in transport, storage and communications 1227 Production and operations department managers in business services 1228 Production and operations department managers in personal care, cleaning and related services 1229 Production and operations department managers not elsewhere classified

123 OTHER DEPARTMENT MANAGERS 1231 Finance and administration department managers 1232 Personnel and industrial relations department managers 1233 Sales and marketing department managers 1234 Advertising and public relations department managers 1235 Supply and distribution department managers 1236 Computing services department managers 1237 Research and development department managers 1239 Other department managers not elsewhere classified

13 GENERAL MANAGERS

131 GENERAL MANAGERS 1311 General managers in agriculture, hunting, forestry/ and fishing 1312 General managers in manufacturing 1313 General managers in construction 1314 General managers in wholesale and retail trade 1315 General managers of restaurants and hotels 1316 General managers in transport, storage and communications 1317 General managers of business services 1318 General managers in personal care, cleaning and related services 1319 General managers not elsewhere classified

MAJOR GROUP 2 PROFESSIONALS 21 PHYSICAL, MATHEMATICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE PROFESSIONALS

211 PHYSICISTS, CHEMISTS AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS 2111 Physicists and astronomers 2112 Meteorologists 2113 Chemists

EASS 2008 Culture

64

2114 Geologists and geophysicists 212 MATHEMATICIANS, STATISTICIANS AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS

2121 Mathematicians and related professionals 2122 Statisticians

213 COMPUTING PROFESSIONALS 2131 Computer systems designers and analysts 2132 Computer programmers 2139 Computing professionals not elsewhere classified

214 ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS 2141 Architects, town and traffic planners 2142 Civil engineers 2143 Electrical engineers 2144 Electronics and telecommunications engineers 2145 Mechanical engineers 2146 Chemical engineers 2147 Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals 2148 Cartographers and surveyors 2149 Architects, engineers and related professionals not elsewhere classified

22 LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

221 LIFE SCIENCE PROFESSIONALS 2211 Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals 2212 Pharmacologists, pathologists and related professionals 2213 Agronomists and related professionals

222 HEALTH PROFESSIONALS (except nursing) 2221 Medical doctors 2222 Dentists 2223 Veterinarians 2224 Pharmacists 2229 Health professionals (except nursing) not elsewhere classified

223 NURSING AND MIDWIFERY PROFESSIONALS 2230 Nursing and midwifery professionals

23 TEACHING PROFESSIONALS

231 COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY AND HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 2310 College, university and higher education teaching professionals

232 SECONDARY EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 2320 Secondary education teaching professionals

233 PRIMARY AND PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 2331 Primary education teaching professionals 2332 Pre-primary education teaching professionals

234 SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 2340 Special education teaching professionals

235 OTHER TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 2351 Education methods specialists 2352 School inspectors 2359 Other teaching professionals not elsewhere classified

24 OTHER PROFESSIONALS

241 BUSINESS PROFESSIONALS 2411 Accountants 2412 Personnel and careers professionals 2419 Business professionals not elsewhere classified

242 LEGAL PROFESSIONALS 2421 Lawyers 2422 Judges 2429 Legal professionals not elsewhere classified

243 ARCHIVISTS, LIBRARIANS AND RELATED INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS 2431 Archivists and curators 2432 Librarians and related information professionals

244 SOCIAL SCIENCE AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS 2441 Economists

EASS 2008 Culture

65

2442 Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals 2443 Philosophers, historians and political scientists 2444 Philologists, translators and interpreters 2445 Psychologists 2446 Social work professionals

245 WRITERS AND CREATIVE OR PERFORMING ARTISTS 2451 Authors, journalists and other writers 2452 Sculptors, painters and related artists 2453 Composers, musicians and singers 2454 Choreographers and dancers 2455 Film, stage and related actors and directors

246 RELIGIOUS PROFESSIONALS 2460 Religious professionals

MAJOR GROUP 3 TECHNICIANS AND ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 31 PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS

311 PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE TECHNICIANS 3111 Chemical and physical science technicians 3112 Civil engineering technicians 3113 Electrical engineering technicians 3114 Electronics and telecommunications engineering technicians 3115 Mechanical engineering technicians 3116 Chemical engineering technicians 3117 Mining and metallurgical technicians 3118 Draughtspersons 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified

312 COMPUTER ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3121 Computer assistants 3122 Computer equipment operators 3123 Industrial robot controllers

313 OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT OPERATORS 3131 Photographers and image and sound recording equipment operators 3132 Broadcasting and telecommunications equipment operators 3133 Medical equipment operators 3139 Optical and electronic equipment operators not elsewhere classified

314 SHIP AND AIRCRAFT CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICIANS 3141 Ships' engineers 3142 Ships' deck officers and pilots 3143 Aircraft pilots and related associate professionals 3144 Air traffic controllers 3145 Air traffic safety technicians

315 SAFETY AND QUALITY INSPECTORS 3151 Building and fire inspectors 3152 Safety, health and quality inspectors

32 LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS

321 LIFE SCIENCE TECHNICIANS AND RELATED ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3211 Life science technicians 3212 Agronomy and forestry technicians 3213 Farming and forestry advisers

322 MODERN HEALTH ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS (except nursing) 3221 Medical assistants 3222 Sanitarians 3223 Dieticians and nutritionists 3224 Optometrists and opticians 3225 Dental assistants 3226 Physiotherapists and related associate professionals 3227 Veterinary assistants 3228 Pharmaceutical assistants 3229 Modern health associate professionals (except nursing) not elsewhere classified

EASS 2008 Culture

66

323 NURSING AND MIDWIFERY ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3231 Nursing associate professionals 3232 Midwifery associate professionals

324 TRADITIONAL MEDICINE PRACTITIONERS AND FAITH HEALERS 3241 Traditional medicine practitioners 3242 Faith healers

33 TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS

331 PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3310 Primary education teaching associate professionals

332 PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3320 Pre-primary education teaching associate professionals

333 SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3330 Special education teaching associate professionals

334 OTHER TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3340 Other teaching associate professionals

34 OTHER ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS

341 FINANCE AND SALES ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3411 Securities and finance dealers and brokers 3412 Insurance representatives 3413 Estate agents 3414 Travel consultants and organisers 3415 Technical and commercial sales representatives 3416 Buyers 3417 Appraisers, valuers and auctioneers 3419 Finance and sales associate professionals not elsewhere classified

342 BUSINESS SERVICES AGENTS AND TRADE BROKERS 3421 Trade brokers 3422 Clearing and forwarding agents 3423 Employment agents and labour contractors 3429 Business services agents and trade brokers not elsewhere classified

343 ADMINISTRATIVE ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3431 Administrative secretaries and related associate professionals 3432 Legal and related business associate professionals 3433 Bookkeepers 3434 Statistical, mathematical and related associate professionals 3439 Administrative associate professionals not elsewhere classified

344 CUSTOMS, TAX AND RELATED GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3441 Customs and border inspectors 3442 Government tax and excise officials 3443 Government social benefits officials 3444 Government licensing officials 3449 Customs, tax and related government associate professionals not elsewhere classified

345 POLICE INSPECTORS AND DETECTIVES 3450 Police inspectors and detectives

346 SOCIAL WORK ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3460 Social work associate professionals

347 ARTISTIC, ENTERTAINMENT AND SPORTS ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3471 Decorators and commercial designers 3472 Radio, television and other announcers 3473 Street, night-club and related musicians, singers and dancers 3474 Clowns, magicians, acrobats and related associate professionals 3475 Athletes, sportspersons and related associate professionals

348 RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3480 Religious associate professionals

MAJOR GROUP 4 CLERKS 41 OFFICE CLERKS

411 SECRETARIES AND KEYBOARD-OPERATING CLERKS

EASS 2008 Culture

67

4111 Stenographers and typists 4112 Word-processor and related operators 4113 Data entry operators 4114 Calculating-machine operators 4115 Secretaries

412 NUMERICAL CLERKS

4121 Accounting and bookkeeping clerks 4122 Statistical and finance clerks

413 MATERIAL-RECORDING AND TRANSPORT CLERKS 4131 Stock clerks 4132 Production clerks 4133 Transport clerks

414 LIBRARY, MAIL AND RELATED CLERKS 4141 Library and filing clerks 4142 Mail carriers and sorting clerks 4143 Coding, proof-reading and related clerks 4144 Scribes and related workers

419 OTHER OFFICE CLERKS 4190 Other office clerks

42 CUSTOMER SERVICES CLERKS

421 CASHIERS, TELLERS AND RELATED CLERKS 4211 Cashiers and ticket clerks 4212 Tellers and other counter clerks 4213 Bookmakers and croupiers 4214 Pawnbrokers and money-lenders 4215 Debt-collectors and related workers

422 CLIENT INFORMATION CLERKS 4221 Travel agency and related clerks 4222 Receptionists and information clerks 4223 Telephone switchboard operators

MAJOR GROUP 5 SERVICE WORKERS AND SHOP AND MARKET SALES WORKERS 51 PERSONAL AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES WORKERS

511 TRAVEL ATTENDANTS AND RELATED WORKERS 5111 Travel attendants and travel stewards 5112 Transport conductors 5113 Travel guides

512 HOUSEKEEPING AND RESTAURANT SERVICES WORKERS 5121 Housekeepers and related workers 5122 Cooks 5123 Waiters, waitresses and bartenders

513 PERSONAL CARE AND RELATED WORKERS 5131 Child-care workers 5132 Institution-based personal care workers 5133 Home-based personal care workers 5139 Personal care and related workers not elsewhere classified

514 OTHER PERSONAL SERVICES WORKERS 5141 Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers 5142 Companions and valets 5143 Undertakers and embalmers 5149 Other personal services workers not elsewhere classified

515 ASTROLOGERS, FORTUNE-TELLERS AND RELATED WORKERS 5151 Astrologers and related workers 5152 Fortune-tellers, palmists and related workers

516 PROTECTIVE SERVICES WORKERS 5161 Fire-fighters 5162 Police officers 5163 Prison guards

EASS 2008 Culture

68

5169 Protective services workers not elsewhere classified 52 MODELS, SALESPERSONS AND DEMONSTRATORS

521 FASHION AND OTHER MODELS 5210 Fashion and other models

522 SHOP SALESPERSONS AND DEMONSTRATORS 5220 Shop salespersons and demonstrators

523 STALL AND MARKET SALESPERSONS 5230 Stall and market salespersons

MAJOR GROUP 6 SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 61 MARKET-ORIENTED SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS

611 MARKET GARDENERS AND CROP GROWERS 6111 Field crop and vegetable growers 6112 Tree and shrub crop growers 6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers 6114 Mixed-crop growers

612 MARKET-ORIENTED ANIMAL PRODUCERS AND RELATED WORKERS 6121 Dairy and livestock producers 6122 Poultry producers 6123 Apiarists and sericulturists 6124 Mixed-animal producers 6129 Market-oriented animal producers and related workers not elsewhere classified

613 MARKET-ORIENTED CROP AND ANIMAL PRODUCERS 6130 Market-oriented crop and animal producers

614 FORESTRY AND RELATED WORKERS 6141 Forestry workers and loggers 6142 Charcoal burners and related workers

615 FISHERY WORKERS, HUNTERS AND TRAPPERS 6151 Aquatic-life cultivation workers 6152 Inland and coastal waters fishery workers 6153 Deep-sea fishery workers 6154 Hunters and trappers

62 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS

621 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 6210 Subsistence agricultural and fishery workers

MAJOR GROUP 7 CRAFT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 71 EXTRACTION AND BUILDING TRADES WORKERS

711 MINERS, SHOTFIRERS, STONE CUTTERS AND CARVERS 7111 Miners and quarry workers 7112 Shotfirers and blasters 7113 Stone splitters, cutters and carvers

712 BUILDING FRAME AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7121 Builders, traditional materials 7122 Bricklayers and stonemasons 7123 Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers 7124 Carpenters and joiners 7129 Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classified

713 BUILDING FINISHERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7131 Roofers 7132 Floor layers and tile setters 7133 Plasterers 7134 Insulation workers 7135 Glaziers 7136 Plumbers and pipe fitters 7137 Building and related electricians

EASS 2008 Culture

69

714 PAINTERS, BUILDING STRUCTURE CLEANERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7141 Painters and related workers 7142 Varnishers and related painters 7143 Building structure cleaners

72 METAL, MACHINERY AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS

721 METAL MOULDERS, WELDERS, SHEET-METAL WORKERS, STRUCTURAL- METAL PREPARERS, AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS

7211 Metal moulders and coremakers 7212 Welders and flamecutters 7213 Sheet metal workers 7214 Structural-metal preparers and erectors 7215 Riggers and cable splicers 7216 Underwater workers

722 BLACKSMITHS, TOOL-MAKERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7221 Blacksmiths, hammer-smiths and forging-press workers 7222 Tool-makers and related workers 7223 Machine-tool setters and setter-operators 7224 Metal wheel-grinders, polishers and tool sharpeners

723 MACHINERY MECHANICS AND FITTERS 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and fitters 7232 Aircraft engine mechanics and fitters 7233 Agricultural- or industrial-machinery mechanics and fitters

724 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MECHANICS AND FITTERS 7241 Electrical mechanics and fitters 7242 Electronics fitters 7243 Electronics mechanics and servicers 7244 Telegraph and telephone installers and servicers 7245 Electrical line installers, repairers and cable jointers

73 PRECISION, HANDICRAFT, PRINTING AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS

731 PRECISION WORKERS IN METAL AND RELATED MATERIALS 7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers 7312 Musical instrument makers and tuners 7313 Jewellery and precious-metal workers

732 POTTERS, GLASS-MAKERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7321 Abrasive wheel formers, potters and related workers 7322 Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers 7323 Glass engravers and etchers 7324 Glass, ceramics and related decorative painters

733 HANDICRAFT WORKERS IN WOOD,TEXTILE, LEATHER AND RELATED MATERIALS 7331 Handicraft workers in wood and related materials 7332 Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials

734 PRINTING AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7341 Compositors, typesetters and related workers 7342 Stereotypers and electrotypers 7343 Printing engravers and etchers 7344 Photographic and related workers 7345 Bookbinders and related workers 7346 Silk-screen, block and textile printers

74 OTHER CRAFT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS

741 FOOD PROCESSING AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7411 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers 7412 Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers 7413 Dairy-products makers 7414 Fruit, vegetable and related preservers 7415 Food and beverage tasters and graders 7416 Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers

742 WOOD TREATERS, CABINET-MAKERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7421 Wood treaters 7422 Cabinet makers and related workers

EASS 2008 Culture

70

7423 Woodworking machine setters and setter-operators 7424 Basketry weavers, brush makers and related workers

743 TEXTILE, GARMENT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7431 Fibre preparers 7432 Weavers, knitters and related workers 7433 Tailors, dressmakers and hatters 7434 Furriers and related workers 7435 Textile, leather and related pattern-makers and cutters 7436 Sewers, embroiderers and related workers 7437 Upholsterers and related workers

744 PELT, LEATHER AND SHOEMAKING TRADES WORKERS 7441 Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers 7442 Shoe-makers and related workers

MAJOR GROUP 8 PLANT AND MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 81 STATIONARY-PLANT AND RELATED OPERATORS

811 MINING- AND MINERAL-PROCESSING-PLANT OPERATORS 8111 Mining-plant operators 8112 Mineral-ore- and stone-processing-plant operators 8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers

812 METAL-PROCESSING-PLANT OPERATORS 8121 Ore and metal furnace operators 8122 Metal melters, casters and rolling-mill operators 8123 Metal-heat-treating-plant operators 8124 Metal drawers and extruders

813 GLASS, CERAMICS AND RELATED PLANT OPERATORS 8131 Glass and ceramics kiln and related machine operators 8139 Glass, ceramics and related plant operators not elsewhere classified

814 WOOD-PROCESSING- AND PAPERMAKING-PLANT OPERATORS 8141 Wood-processing-plant operators 8142 Paper-pulp plant operators 8143 Papermaking-plant operators

815 CHEMICAL-PROCESSING-PLANT OPERATORS 8151 Crushing-, grinding- and chemical-mixing-machinery operators 8152 Chemical-heat-treating-plant operators 8153 Chemical-filtering- and separating-equipment operators 8154 Chemical-still and reactor operators (except petroleum and natural gas) 8155 Petroleum- and natural-gas-refining-plant operators 8159 Chemical-processing-plant operators not elsewhere classified

816 POWER-PRODUCTION AND RELATED PLANT OPERATORS 8161 Power-production plant operators 8162 Steam-engine and boiler operators 8163 Incinerator, water-treatment and related plant operators

817 AUTOMATED-ASSEMBLY-LINE AND INDUSTRIAL-ROBOT OPERATORS 8171 Automated-assembly-line operators 8172 Industrial-robot operators

82 MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS

821 METAL- AND MINERAL-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8211 Machine-tool operators 8212 Cement and other mineral products machine operators

822 CHEMICAL-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8221 Pharmaceutical- and toiletry-products machine operators 8222 Ammunition- and explosive-products machine operators 8223 Metal finishing-, plating- and coating-machine operators 8224 Photographic-products machine operators 8229 Chemical-products machine operators not elsewhere classified

823 RUBBER- AND PLASTIC-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8231 Rubber-products machine operators 8232 Plastic-products machine operators

EASS 2008 Culture

71

824 WOOD-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8240 Wood-products machine operators

825 PRINTING-, BINDING- AND PAPER-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8251 Printing-machine operators 8252 Bookbinding-machine operators 8253 Paper-products machine operators

826 TEXTILE-, FUR- AND LEATHER-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8261 Fibre-preparing-, spinning- and winding-machine operators 8262 Weaving- and knitting-machine operators 8263 Sewing-machine operators 8264 Bleaching-, dyeing- and cleaning-machine operators 8265 Fur and leather-preparing-machine operators 8266 Shoemaking- and related machine operators 8269 Textile-, fur- and leather-products machine operators not elsewhere classified

827 FOOD AND RELATED PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8271 Meat- and fish-processing-machine operators 8272 Dairy-products machine operators 8273 Grain- and spice-milling-machine operators 8274 Baked-goods, cereal and chocolate-products machine operators 8275 Fruit-, vegetable- and nut-processing-machine operators 8276 Sugar production machine operators 8277 Tea-, coffee-, and cocoa-processing-machine operators 8278 Brewers, wine and other beverage machine operators 8279 Tobacco production machine operators

828 ASSEMBLERS 8281 Mechanical-machinery assemblers 8282 Electrical-equipment assemblers 8283 Electronic-equipment assemblers 8284 Metal-, rubber- and plastic-products assemblers 8285 Wood and related products assemblers 8286 Paperboard, textile and related products assemblers

829 OTHER MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 8290 Other machine operators and assemblers

83 DRIVERS AND MOBILE-PLANT OPERATORS

831 LOCOMOTIVE-ENGINE DRIVERS AND RELATED WORKERS 8311 Locomotive-engine drivers 8312 Railway brakers, signallers and shunters

832 MOTOR-VEHICLE DRIVERS 8321 Motor-cycle drivers 8322 Car, taxi and van drivers 8323 Bus and tram drivers 8324 Heavy-truck and lorry drivers

833 AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER MOBILE-PLANT OPERATORS 8331 Motorised farm and forestry plant operators 8332 Earth-moving- and related plant operators 8333 Crane, hoist and related plant operators 8334 Lifting-truck operators

834 SHIPS' DECK CREWS AND RELATED WORKERS 8340 Ships' deck crews and related workers

MAJOR GROUP 9 ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 91 SALES AND SERVICES ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS

911 STREET VENDORS AND RELATED WORKERS 9111 Street food vendors 9112 Street vendors, non-food products 9113 Door-to-door and telephone salespersons

912 SHOE CLEANING AND OTHER STREET SERVICES ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 9120 Shoe cleaning and other street services elementary occupations

913 DOMESTIC AND RELATED HELPERS, CLEANERS AND LAUNDERERS

EASS 2008 Culture

72

9131 Domestic helpers and cleaners 9132 Helpers and cleaners in offices, hotels and other establishments 9133 Hand-launderers and pressers

914 BUILDING CARETAKERS, WINDOW AND RELATED CLEANERS 9141 Building caretakers 9142 Vehicle, window and related cleaners

915 MESSENGERS, PORTERS, DOORKEEPERS AND RELATED WORKERS 9151 Messengers, package and luggage porters and deliverers 9152 Doorkeepers, watchpersons and related workers 9153 Vending-machine money collectors, meter readers and related workers

916 GARBAGE COLLECTORS AND RELATED LABOURERS 9161 Garbage collectors 9162 Sweepers and related labourers

92 AGRICULTURAL, FISHERY AND RELATED LABOURERS

921 AGRICULTURAL, FISHERY AND RELATED LABOURERS 9211 Farm-hands and labourers 9212 Forestry labourers 9213 Fishery, hunting and trapping labourers

93 LABOURERS IN MINING, CONSTRUCTION, MANUFACTURING AND TRANSPORT

931 MINING AND CONSTRUCTION LABOURERS 9311 Mining and quarrying labourers 9312 Construction and maintenance labourers: roads, dams and similar constructions 9313 Building construction labourers

932 MANUFACTURING LABOURERS 9321 Assembling labourers 9322 Hand packers and other manufacturing labourers

933 TRANSPORT LABOURERS AND FREIGHT HANDLERS 9331 Hand or pedal vehicle drivers 9332 Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery 9333 Freight handlers

MAJOR GROUP 0 ARMED FORCES 01 ARMED FORCES

011 ARMED FORCES 0110 Armed forces

EASS 2008 Culture

73

B. EASS 2008 Standard Background Variables

No. Variable Variable Label SBV Code list Respondents

117 sex R: Sex 1 Male

2 Female

8 DK, refused

All respondents

118 age R: Age 888 DK, refused All respondents

119 marital R: Marital status 1 Married

2 Widowed

3 Divorced

4 Separated (Have intention to divorce)

5 Never married

6 Cohabiting

8 DK, refused

All respondents

120 relig R: Religious main

groups

1 No religion

2 Roman Catholic

3 Protestant

4 Christian Orthodox

5Jewish 6Islam

7 Buddhism 8 Hinduism

9 Other Christian Religions

10 Other Eastern Religions

11 Other Religions

77 TW: not asked

88 DK, refused

All respondents (TW: not asked)

121 topbot R: Top bottom

self-placement 10

pt scale

1 Lowest, 01

2 02

3 03

4 04

5 05

6 06

7 07

8 08

9 09

10 Highest, 10

88 DK, refused

All respondents

122 urbrural R:

Self-assessment

of community

type

1 A big city

2 The suburbs or outskirts of a big city

3 A town or a small city

4 A country village

5 A farm or home in the country

8 DK, refused

All respondents

EASS 2008 Culture

74

123

cn_reg Region: China 1 Anhui

2 Beijing

3 Fujian

4 Ganshu

5 Guangdong

6 Guangxi

7 Guizhou

8 Hebei 9 Henan

10 Heilongjiang

11 Hubei

12 Hunan

13 Jiling

14 Jiangsu

15 Jiangxi

16 Liaoning

17 Leimonggu

18 Ningxia

19 Shandong

20 Shanxi(jing)

21 Shanxi(qing)

22 Shanghai

23 Sichuan

24 Tianjin

25 Xingjiang

26 Yunnan

27 Zhejiang

28 Chongqing

99 NAP

(CN) All respondents

124 jp_reg Region: Japan 1 Hokkaido or Tohoku

2 Kanto

3 Chubu

4 Kinki

5 Cyugoku or Shikoku

6 Kyusyu

99 NAP

(JP) All respondents

125 kr_reg Region: South

Korea

1 Seoul Metropolitan City

2 Incheon Metropolitan city

3 Daejeon Metropolitan city

4 Busan Metropolitan city

5 Ulsan Metropolitan City

6 Deagu Metropolitan City

7 Gwangju Metropolitan city

8 Gyeonggi Province

9 Gangwon Province

10 Chungcheong Province

11 Gyeongsang Province

12 Jeolla Province

13 Jeju-do

99 NAP

(KR) All respondents

126 tw_reg Region: Taiwan 1 Keelung city

2 Taipei city

3 Taipei county

4 Taoyuan county

5 Hsinchu city

6 Hsinchu county

7 Miaoli county

8 Taichung city

9 Taichung county

10 Nantou county

11 Changhua county

(TW) All respondents

EASS 2008 Culture

75

12 Yunlin county

13 Chiayi city

14 Chiayi county

15 Tainan city

16 Tainan county

17 Kaohsiung city

18 Kaohsiung county

19 Pingtung county

20 Ilan county

21 Hualien county

90 China

91 Japan

92 Europe

99 NAP

127 happy R: General

happiness

1 Very happy, 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 Very unhappy, 5

7 KR: not asked

8 DK, refused

All respondents (KR: not asked)

128 happy_kr R: General

happiness: Korea

1 Very happy

2 Fairly happy

3 Not very happy

4 Not happy at all

8 DK, refused

9 NAP


129 educyrs R: Education I:

years of schooling

0 No schooling at all

88 DK, refused

All respondents

130 degree R: Education II:

highest education

level

0 No formal qualification

1 Elementary school

2 Junior high

3 High school

4 Junior college

5 University

6 Graduate school

8 DK, refused

All respondents

131 inschl R: Education I

sub: still in

school

0 Out of school

1 Still in school

8 DK, refused

All respondents

132 wrkst R: Current

working status

1 Wage employee

2 Employer

3 Self-employed without an employee

4 Helping family business

5 Having no current work income

8 DK, refused

All respondents

133 fullpart R: Working

full-or part-time

1 Working full-time

2 Working part-time

8 DK, refused

9 NAP (Having no current work income)

Rs who have current work

income (wrkst=1,2,3,4)

134 wrkhrs R: Working hours

per week

888 DK, Refused




135 empcntrt R: Employment

contract of wage

employees

1 Regular worker

2 Temporary worker

8 DK, refused

9 NAP (Not a wage employee)

Rs who are wage employees

(wrkst=1)

136 wrktype R: Employment

sector

1 Works for government organization

2 Works for public or non-profit organization

3 Works for private organization

8 DK, refused

Rs who are wage employees

(wrkst=1)

EASS 2008 Culture

76

9 NAP (Not a wage employee)

137 whynowrk R: Reasons for

having no current

work income

1 Unemployed

2 Student, school, vocational training

3 Retired

4 Housewife,-man, home duties

5 Permanently disabled

6 Other

8 DK, refused

9 NAP (Having current work income)

Rs who do not have current

work income (wrkst=5)

138 isco88 R: Occupation

ILO, ISCO 1988

4-digit

88888 DK, refused




139 cn_rinc R: Earnings from

main job: China

7777777 Refused

8888888 DK

9999999 NAP

(CN) Rs who have current work


140

jp_rinc R: Earnings from

main job: Japan

1 None

2 Less than 700,000 yen

3 700,000 yen - 1 million yen

4 1 million yen - 1.3 million yen

5 1.3 million yen - 1.5 million yen








13 8.5 million yen - 10 million yen

14 10 million yen - 12 million yen





19 23 million yen or over

7777777 Refused

8888888 DK

9999999 NAP

(JP) Rs who have current work


141 kr_rinc R: Earnings from

main job: Korea

8888888 DK, refused

9999999 NAP

(KR) Rs who have current work


142 tw_rinc R: Earnings from

jobs (both main

and part-time

jobs): Taiwan

1 No income

2 NT$10,000 or less

3 NT$10,001 -NT$20,000

4 NT$20,001 -NT$30,000

5 NT$30,001 -NT$40,000

6 NT$40,001 -NT$50,000

7 NT$50,001 -NT$60,000

8 NT$60,001 -NT$70,000

9 NT$70,001 -NT$80,000

10 NT$80,001 -NT$90,000

11 NT$90,001 -NT$100,000

12 NT$100,001 -NT$150,000

13 NT$150,001 -NT$200,000

14 NT$200,001 -NT$300,000

15 More than NT$300,000

7777777 Refused

8888888 DK

9999999 NAP

(TW) Rs who have current work


143 cn_rincx R: Income other

than main job:

7777777 Refused

8888888 DK


EASS 2008 Culture

77

China 9999999 NAP

144 jp_rincx R: Income other

than main job:

Japan

7777777 Refused

8888888 DK

9999999 NAP


145 kr_rincx R: Income other

than main job:

Korea

8888888 DK, refused

9999999 NAP


146 tw_rincx R: Income other

than jobs: Taiwan

6666666 TW: not asked

9999999 NAP

(TW) All respondents (TW: not

asked)

147 hhdnum Number of

household

members

888 DK, refused All respondents

148 cn_hinc Total household

income: China

8888888 DK, refused

9999999 NAP


149 jp_hinc Total household

income: Japan

1 None



















7777777 Refused

8888888 DK

9999999 NAP


150 kr_hinc Total household

income: Korea

8888888 DK, refused

9999999 NAP


151 tw_hinc Total household

income: Taiwan

1 No income

2 NT$10,000 or less

3 NT$10,001 -NT$20,000

4 NT$20,001 -NT$30,000

5 NT$30,001 -NT$40,000

6 NT$40,001 -NT$50,000

7 NT$50,001 -NT$60,000

8 NT$60,001 -NT$70,000

9 NT$70,001 -NT$80,000

10 NT$80,001 -NT$90,000

11 NT$90,001 -NT$100,000

12 NT$100,001 -NT$110,000

13 NT$110,001 -NT$120,000

14 NT$120,001 -NT$130,000

15 NT$130,001 -NT$140,000

16 NT$140,001 -NT$150,000

17 NT$150,001 -NT$160,000

18 NT$160,001 -NT$170,000

19 NT$170,001 -NT$180,000

20 NT$180,001 -NT$190,000

21 NT$190,001 -NT$200,000

22 NT$200,001 -NT$250,000

(TW) All respondents

EASS 2008 Culture

78

23 NT$250,001 -NT$300,000

24 NT$300,001 -NT$350,000

25 NT$350,001 -NT$400,000

26 NT$400,001 -NT$1,000,000

27 More than NT$1,000,000

7777777 Refused

8888888 DK

9999999 NAP

152 rltvhinc Household

income compared

1 Far below average

2 Below average

3 Average

4 Above average

5 Far above average

8 DK, refused

All respondents

153 weight Weighting factor 1 No weight All respondents

154 spage SP: Age 888 DK, refused

999 NAP

Rs who are married (marital=1,6)

155 spedyrs SP: Education I:

years of schooling

0 No schooling at all

88 DK, refused

99 NAP (Not married)


156 spdegr SP: Education II:

highest education

level


1 Elementary school

2 Junior high

3 High school

4 Junior college

5 University

6 Graduate school

8 DK, refused

9 NAP (Not married)


157 spinschl SP: Education I

sub: still in

school

0 Out of school

1 Still in school

8 DK, refused

9 NAP (Not married)


158 spwrkst SP: Current

working status

1 Wage employee

2 Employer

3 Self-Employed without an employee

4 Helping family business

5 Having no work income

8 DK, refused

9 NAP (Not married)


159 spfullpt SP: Working

full-or part-time

1 Working full-time

2 Working part-time

8 DK, refused

9 NAP (Having no current work income or not

married)

Rs who are married(marital=1,6)

and whose spouses currently

have work income

(spwrkst=1,2,3,4)

160 spwrkhrs SP: Working

hours per week

888 DK, Refused

999 NAP (Having no current work income or

not married)



have work income

(spwrkst=1,2,3,4)

161 spempcnt SP: Employment

contract of wage

employees

1 Regular worker

2 Temporary worker

7 TW: not asked

8 DK, refused

9 NAP (Not a wage employee or not married)


and whose spouses are wage

employees (spwrkst=1) (TW: not

sked)

EASS 2008 Culture

79

162 spwktype SP: Employment

sector

1 Works for government organization

2 Works for public or non-profit organization

3 Works for private organization

8 DK, refused

9 NAP (Not a wage employee or not married)


and whose spouses are wage

employees (spwrkst=1)

163 spnowrk SP: Reasons for

having no current

work income

1 Unemployed

2 Student, school, vocational training

3 Retired

4 Housewife,-man, home duties

5 Permanently disabled

6 Other

8 DK, refused

9 NAP (Having current work income or not

married)


and whose spouses do not have

any work income (spwrkst=5)

164 spisco88 SP: Occupation

ILO, ISCO 1988

4-digit

88888 DK, refused

99999 NAP (Having no current work income

or not married)



have work income

(spwrkst=1,2,3,4)

165 cn_spinc SP: Earnings from

main job: China

8888888 DK, refused

9999999 NAP

(CN) Rs who are

married(marital=1,6) and whose

spouses currently have work

income (spwrkst=1,2,3,4)

166 jp_spinc SP: Earnings from

main job: Japan

1 None



















7777777 Refused

8888888 DK

9999999 NAP

(JP) Rs who are




167 kr_spinc SP: Earnings from

main job: Korea

8888888 DK, refused

9999999 NAP

(KR) Rs who are




EASS 2008 Culture

80

168

tw_spinc SP: Earnings from

jobs (both main

and part-time

jobs): Taiwan

1 No income

2 NT$10,000 or less

3 NT$10,001 -NT$20,000

4 NT$20,001 -NT$30,000

5 NT$30,001 -NT$40,000

6 NT$40,001 -NT$50,000

7 NT$50,001 -NT$60,000

8 NT$60,001 -NT$70,000

9 NT$70,001 -NT$80,000

10 NT$80,001 -NT$90,000

11 NT$90,001 -NT$100,000

12 NT$100,001 -NT$150,000

13 NT$150,001 -NT$200,000

14 NT$200,001 -NT$300,000

15 More than NT$300,000

7777777 Refused

8888888 DK

9999999 NAP

(TW) Rs who are




169 cn_sincx

SP: Income other 6666666 CN: not asked

9999999 NAP

(CN) Rs who are married

(marital=1,6) (CN: not asked) than main job:

China

170 jp_sincx

SP: Income other 7777777 Refused

8888888 DK

9999999 NAP

(JP) Rs who are married

(marital=1,6) than main job:

Japan

171 kr_sincx

SP: Income other 8888888 DK, refused

9999999 NAP

(KR) Rs who are married

(marital=1,6) than main job:

Korea

172 tw_sincx SP: Income other

than jobs: Taiwan

6666666 TW: not asked

9999999 NAP

(TW) Rs who are married

(marital=1,6) (TW: not asked)

173 paedyrs PA: Education I: 0 No schooling at all


years of schooling

174 padegr PA: Education II:

highest education

level


1 Elementary school

2 Junior high

3 High school

4 Junior college

5 University

6 Graduate school

8 DK, refused

All respondents

175 maedyrs MA: Education I: 0 No schooling at all


years of schooling

176 madegr MA: Education II:

highest education

level


1 Elementary school

2 Junior high

3 High school

4 Junior college

5 University

6 Graduate school

8 DK, refused

All respondents

EASS 2008 Culture

81

EASS(East Asian Social Survey)

2008 CULTURE Module Codebook

East Asian Social Survey Data Archive Academy of East Asian Studies, SungKyunKwan University 6th Floor of the Hoam Building (#605),

3-53 Myungryundong Jongnogu, Seoul, Korea 110-745 Telephone : +82-2-760-1270, FAX : +82-2-744-6169, E-mail: [email protected]

EASS(East Asian Social Survey) 2008 CULTURE Module ......Dec. 31, 2010 Kim, Sang-Wook Representative, EASSDA EASS 2008 Culture 2 An Introduction to the EASS/EASSDA The EASS (East Asian

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