Earths Place in the Universe. Standard 2a and 2b Students know the solar system is located in an outer edge of the disc- shaped Milky Way Galaxy, which.

Earths Place in the Universe

•Standard 2a and 2b

•Students know the solar system is located in an outer edge of the disc-shaped Milky Way Galaxy, which spans 100,000 light years

•Students know galaxies are made of billions of stars and comprise most of the visible mass of the universe.

Galaxies• Are composed of billions and trillions

of stars and make up the visible mass of the universe.

Galaxies

Milky Way Galaxy

Sun

Alpha Centari

The Milky Way Galaxy

• A disk made of stars orbiting a central point in the disk.

• Our sun is just 1 of 100 billion stars that make up the milky way.

• It is difficult to determine its size and shape because we are located in the milky way.

• The solar system is located in an outer edge of the disc-shaped Milky Way Galaxy, which spans 100,000 light years.

Classification of Galaxies

• Dislike galaxies with spiral arms were called spiral galaxies.

• Galaxies that are inflated and do not have arms are called elliptical galaxies.

• Irregular galaxies fit into both elliptical and spiral galaxies

Standard 1e

Students know the Sun is a typical star and is powered by nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of hydrogen to form helium.

The Sun

The Sun is the largest object in the solar system.99.8% total mass

Typical star, many other stars are similar but smaller in size.Top 10 % of largest stars

Suns composition

70% hydrogen28% helium2% other metalsChanges as sun

converts hydrogen into helium in the core.

Nuclear Reactions

Typical nuclear reaction is where several sub-atomic particles come together, interact, and several particles emerge. There is several of these reactions that take place on the sun.

This is the type of nuclear reaction taking place on the sun.

4 hydrogen as they change to helium it is called hydrogen burning. Hydrogen is “fuel”. There is no real burning.

End result is helium. Mass on the right is

less than the left. End up with energy produced.Gamma rays Energy of motion of the

suns particlesBuild up to fusion

reactions

Review Sheet

What is the largest object in the solar system?

Explain the composition of the sun.Describe the process that takes place in

the sun.What gases are involved in nuclear

fusions?Explain what happens when the gases

run out in a star.

Standard 1a

Students know how the differences and similarities among the sun, the terrestrial planets, and the gas planets may have been established during the formation of the solar system.

Draw and label the inner and outer solar system on your notes.

Identify the Inner and Outer Solar System Planets

How Many Planets?Y

ou a

re h

ere

?

Solar System

Consists of:The SunNine planets130 planet satellites

(moons)CometsAsteroids

Identify the components or things that make up our solar system.

Bonus Question: Explain how the different components of the solar system interact together.

Terrestrial planetsRocky planetsVenus, Mercury,

Pluto, Earth and Mars Composed primary of

rock and metalHigh densities Slow rotationSolid surfacesNo ringsFew satellites

Identify the terrestrial planets.

Name four characteristics of a terrestrial planet.

Gas Planets

Jupiter, Venus, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Composed of hydrogen and helium

Low densitiesRapid rotationDeep atmospheresRingsLots of Satellites

Identify the gas planets.Name four characteristics of a gas planet.

Discuss the differences between gas and terrestrial planets.

Standard 1b

Students know the evidence from Earth and moon rocks indicates that the solar system was formed from a nebular cloud of dust and gas approximately 4.6 billion years ago.

What is the origin of the solar system?

It is generally agreed that it condensed from a nebula of dust and gas. But the details are far from clear.

Explain the theory of the origin of the solar system.

Review Sheet- You and your partner will write the question and answer the following questions.

1. Discuss the differences between terrestrial and gas planets.

2. Explain the theory dealing with the origin of the solar system.

3. Using the following words; identify, explain, name, what, and discuss to create five questions for your review sheet. Remember to answer your questions. This is your ticket out of here!

Steps of solar system formation

Heats up and compresses. (100,000 years)

Steps of solar system formation

Become protostar Radiates energy away from star.

Steps of solar system formation

Gases cool off: metal, rock and ice condenses.

Steps of solar system formation

Dust particles collide creating asteroids.

Steps of solar system formation

Gravitational pulls begins.

Steps of solar system formation

Solar nebula disturbed and collapses under own gravity

Steps of solar system formation

As Nebula cools the star generates solar wind

Explain the steps of how the solar system was created.

Standard 1c

Students know the evidence from geological studies of Earth and other planets suggest that the early Earth was very different from Earth today.

Early Earth

Early Earth

Very hotConstant volcanismAtmosphere consists

Helium and hydrogenCooling ChangeHeat displaced to

spaceCondensation of

water due to volcanic ash

Present Earth

Atmosphere78% Nitrogen21% Oxygen .03% Carbon Dioxide Miscellaneous Gases

Stable biological conditions

Standard 1f

Students know the evidence for the dramatic effects that asteroid impacts have had in shaping the surface of planets and their moons and in mass extinctions of life on Earth.

Asteroids

Rocky metallic bodies that revolve around the sun

When an asteroid hits it changes everything forever

When asteroids hit planets it creates huge depressions called craters.

Meteor Crater in Arizona

Hit happened 50,000 years ago

An asteroid impact kills all living organisms.

Theory of Dinosaur extinction involves the impact of an asteroid on our atmosphere

Asteroids do bring other things:Chemical components

of lifeWater

Explain the negative and positive impacts that asteroids have on earth.

Standard 2c

Students know the evidence indicating that all elements with an atomic number greater than that of lithium have been formed by nuclear fusion in stars.

What is an Element?

An element is a fundamental substance which can not be further subdivided without destroying its identity.

Where did elements come from?

All elements originated from stars long ago.

Elements were created by nuclear fusion.The process of fusing together light elements

into heavier elements . This process is found in stars and the sun.

What is an element?Where do elements originate from?

Review Sheet- You and your partner complete

1. Discuss the differences between past and present earth.

2. Explain how elements are formed.3. Create questions using the words:

what, how, and explain. Answer the questions. This is your ticket out the door.

Standard 2d

Students know that stars differ in their life cycles and that visual, radio, and X-ray telescopes may be used to collect data that reveal those differences.

Star Life Cycle

Formation of a star begins with a cloud of interstellar gas and dust called a nebulaCollapses on its self from its own gravity

Hot condensed object in the center called a protostar.Condensed object becomes a new starThis is when it is the brightest

Now what?

Fusion begins when the inside of the star is hot enoughConvert hydrogen into

helium

Becomes stable by producing internal heat to balance gravity.

Stars expand as they grow old.As the core runs out of hydrogen and then

helium, the core contacts and the outer layers expand, cool, and become less bright.

It will eventually collapse and explode. Its fate is determined by the original mass of

the star; it will become either a black dwarf, neutron star, or black hole.

Black Holes – dead stars

Discuss with your partner how a star is formed.

Sun Like Star Life Cycle

StarRed Giant- Luminousity

Increases and Surface Temperature Decreases

Planetary Nebula- outside gas expands and center looks white and hot.

White Dwarf- Stable despite lack of nuclear reactions

List the steps of a sun like star.

Huge StarRed GiantSupernova- Do not lose

enough mass to become a white dwarf.Center violently

collapses

Neutron Star- High density, created from explosion from the supernova

Turn to your partner and discuss.

Discuss the step of the life cycle of a huge star.

Giant StarRed StarSupernovaBlack Hole- Too

massive to form neutron stars, resistance is to strong and the star collapses forever. Small dense object is left behind.

Explain the steps of a giant star’s lifecycle.

Review Sheet- You and partner complete the review sheet.

1. 1. Discuss the differences between past and present earth.

2. Explain how elements are formed.3. Create 3 questions using the words:

what, describe, and explain. Answer the questions. This is your ticket out the door.