Earth’s Moving Boundaries: shaping the planet the.

Earth’s Earth’s Moving Moving

Boundaries:Boundaries:shaping shaping thethe planet planet

http://www.belmont.k12.ma.us/../SeisVolE/caldera

Earth’s Moving PlatesEarth’s Moving Plates

LithospherLithospheree the solid the solid part of the part of the EarthEarth

Tectonic Tectonic platesplates large chunks large chunks of rock that of rock that float on the float on the mantlemantle


Transform Transform FaultFault cracks cracks along ocean ridge along ocean ridge that allow the crust that allow the crust to slideto slide

Content Check-UpContent Check-Up

1)1) Tectonic plates are _____.Tectonic plates are _____.A.A. Large chunks of rocks that float on the Large chunks of rocks that float on the

mantlemantle

B.B. Large chunks of rocks that are in the Large chunks of rocks that are in the mantlemantle

C.C. Sheets of magma in the coreSheets of magma in the core

D.D. Part of the outer corePart of the outer core


2)2) The lithosphere is _____.The lithosphere is _____.A.A. The liquid part of the Earth.The liquid part of the Earth.

B.B. The Gaseous part of the Earth.The Gaseous part of the Earth.

C.C. The solid part of the Earth.The solid part of the Earth.

D.D. The spherical part of the Earth.The spherical part of the Earth.


3)3) Which is directly on a plate Which is directly on a plate boundary?boundary?

Plate BoundariesPlate Boundaries

Divergent Divergent boundaryboundary two two plates move apart plates move apart creating crustcreating crust



Surtsey, Surtsey, IcelandIcelandthe newest the newest place on earthplace on earth

http://www.eyjar.is/eyjar/surtsey1.html



Surtsey, Surtsey, IcelandIcelandthe newest the newest place on earthplace on earth


4)4) The type of boundary that created The type of boundary that created Iceland and the new ocean floor:Iceland and the new ocean floor:

A.A. DivergentDivergent

B.B. ConvergentConvergent

C.C. CollisionalCollisional

D.D. TransformTransform


Divergent Divergent boundaryboundary two two plates move apart plates move apart creating crustcreating crust Also called Also called

constructive constructive boundariesboundaries

Thingvellir, Iceland, Thingvellir, Iceland, showing a fissure showing a fissure zone (in shadowzone (in shadow ) )


Divergent Divergent boundaryboundary two two plates move apartplates move apart Also called Also called

constructive constructive boundariesboundaries

mid-ocean ridgemid-ocean ridge

Magnetic StripingMagnetic Striping

The magnetic The magnetic stripes are proof of stripes are proof of ocean-floor ocean-floor spreading and that spreading and that the Earth’s poles the Earth’s poles have switched have switched many times.many times.

Magnetic StripingMagnetic Striping

The magnetic The magnetic stripes are proof of stripes are proof of ocean-floor ocean-floor spreading and that spreading and that the Earth’s poles the Earth’s poles have switched have switched many times.many times.

Ocean-Floor SpreadingOcean-Floor Spreading

Can you guess Can you guess where the sea floor where the sea floor is starting to is starting to spread?spread?


Now, can you Now, can you guess where the guess where the sea floor is starting sea floor is starting to spread?to spread?


Can you guess Can you guess now?now?

Several small Several small plates meet in the plates meet in the north-western north-western AfricaAfrica

Tension is causing Tension is causing the plates to pull the plates to pull apartapart

The Breakup of PangaeaThe Breakup of Pangaea





http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tectonics/crustages.jpg




Where Are WWhere Are We Going?e Going?

http://www.scotese.com/futanima.htm






4)4) What do the stripes on the ocean What do the stripes on the ocean floor prove?floor prove?

A.A. That there are different currents in the That there are different currents in the ocean.ocean.

B.B. That the sea floor is spreading evenly That the sea floor is spreading evenly on both sides.on both sides.

C.C. That magnets exist.That magnets exist.

D.D. That there are many rocks in the That there are many rocks in the ocean.ocean.


5)5) What created the stripes on the What created the stripes on the ocean floor?ocean floor?

A.A. Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents

B.B. Mantle CurrentsMantle Currents

C.C. Reversing magnetic poles of the Earth Reversing magnetic poles of the Earth with moving tectonic plates.with moving tectonic plates.

D.D. Moving tectonic platesMoving tectonic plates


convergent convergent boundary boundary two two plates move plates move together together destroying crustdestroying crust Ocean crust vs. Ocean crust vs.

continental crustcontinental crust



continental crustcontinental crust Patagonia, Chile (not Patagonia, Chile (not

just a line of fleece just a line of fleece for soccer mom’s)for soccer mom’s)



continental crustcontinental crustPachapaqui mining Pachapaqui mining

area in Peruarea in Peru


6)6) Which of the following will not be Which of the following will not be found at a convergent boundary?found at a convergent boundary?

A.A. EarthquakesEarthquakes

B.B. VolcanoesVolcanoes

C.C. TrenchesTrenches

D.D. A subducting plateA subducting plate

E.E. A mid-ocean ridgeA mid-ocean ridge


7)7) Which is the best explanation for Which is the best explanation for the existence of volcanoes in the existence of volcanoes in Washington state?Washington state?

A.A. It is a divergent boundary.It is a divergent boundary.

B.B. It is a collisional boundary.It is a collisional boundary.

C.C. A plate is subducting under the North A plate is subducting under the North American Plate.American Plate.

D.D. It is a transform boundary.It is a transform boundary.


The Juan The Juan de Fuca de Fuca Plate is Plate is Subducted Subducted below the below the North North Anerican Anerican PlatePlate



ocean crustocean crust



ocean crustocean crust Aleutian Is., AlaskaAleutian Is., Alaska



ocean crustocean crust Is this a convergent Is this a convergent

boundary?boundary?


8)8) The Aleutian Islands of Alaska were The Aleutian Islands of Alaska were formed by a formed by a

A.A. divergent boundary.divergent boundary.

B.B. collisional boundary.collisional boundary.

C.C. transform boundary.transform boundary.

D.D. convergent boundaryconvergent boundary


9)9) The Marianas Trench is formed by The Marianas Trench is formed by aa


B.B. collisional boundary.collisional boundary.

C.C. plate is subducting under the North plate is subducting under the North American Plate.American Plate.

D.D. transform boundary.transform boundary.

E.E. convergent boundaryconvergent boundary


convergent convergent boundary boundary two two plates move plates move together together destroying crust destroying crust Continental crust Continental crust

vs. continental crust vs. continental crust (aka: collisional (aka: collisional boundary)boundary)


convergent convergent boundary boundary two two plates move plates move together together destroying crustdestroying crust Continental crust Continental crust


Mt. Everest, NepalMt. Everest, Nepal


10)10) The collisional boundary that The collisional boundary that formed Mount Everest is most formed Mount Everest is most closely related to a ____.closely related to a ____.


B.B. transform boundarytransform boundary

C.C. convergent boundaryconvergent boundary


Collisional Collisional boundary boundary two two plates move plates move together together destroying crustdestroying crust Continental crust Continental crust


Mt. Everest, NepalMt. Everest, Nepal


Strike-slip Strike-slip boundary boundary rocks rocks slide past each slide past each other no rock other no rock destroyed nor destroyed nor createdcreated

San Andreas Fault, San Andreas Fault, CaliforniaCalifornia


11)11) Which of the following are found a Which of the following are found a transform boundaries?transform boundaries?

A.A. VolcanoesVolcanoes

B.B. EarthquakesEarthquakes

C.C. TrenchesTrenches

D.D. SubductionSubduction


12)12) Which is the mantle?Which is the mantle?

13)13) Which is the lithosphere?Which is the lithosphere?

14)14) Which is a mid ocean ridge?Which is a mid ocean ridge?

15)15) Which is a convergent boundary?Which is a convergent boundary?

16)16) Which is a divergent boundary?Which is a divergent boundary?

17)17) Which is a trench?Which is a trench?

18)18) Where are the convection currents Where are the convection currents found?found?

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/animations/hellscrust/main.html

Oceanic Crust

Continental Crust

Add the Geological Add the Geological Features that will OccurFeatures that will Occur

Life on the Ocean FloorLife on the Ocean Floor

Alvinellid wormsAlvinellid wormsmost heat-tolerant most heat-tolerant animals on the animals on the planetplanet build their papery build their papery

tubes right beside tubes right beside vents @ 350 Cvents @ 350 C


Alvinellid wormsAlvinellid wormsmost heat-tolerant most heat-tolerant animals on the planetanimals on the planet build their papery tubes build their papery tubes

right beside vents @ right beside vents @ 350 C350 C

green bacteria attached green bacteria attached to the worm's backto the worm's back

make enzymes that may make enzymes that may hold the key to new hold the key to new protein based catalysts protein based catalysts for making drugs, paper, for making drugs, paper, food and a host of other food and a host of other goodsgoods..


Tube worms Tube worms The red The red plume absorbs plume absorbs sulfurous water sulfurous water that a sac of that a sac of bacteria inside bacteria inside the worm uses the worm uses to generate to generate energy and energy and food for the food for the worm. worm.


MusselsMussels accidentally gold, accidentally gold, owing to the make-owing to the make-up of their shellsup of their shells nutritional boost nutritional boost

from bacteria but from bacteria but can also filter food can also filter food directly from the directly from the water. water.

anchor themselves, anchor themselves, with elastic lines with elastic lines that stick that stick everythingeverything


AmphipodsAmphipodsThese look like These look like shrunken shrimpshrunken shrimp just fractions of an just fractions of an

inch longinch long travel in swarmstravel in swarms and eat tiny and eat tiny

animals and animals and detritusdetritus

they feed fish and they feed fish and other larger other larger animals. animals.


Zoarcid fishZoarcid fish vent fish are of vent fish are of the long-and-flat the long-and-flat variety, with a variety, with a long fin running long fin running the length of the the length of the spinespine probably rely probably rely

heavily on heavily on amphipods for amphipods for foodfood


Zoarcid fishZoarcid fish vent fish are of vent fish are of the long-and-flat the long-and-flat variety, with a variety, with a long fin running long fin running the length of the the length of the spinespine probably rely probably rely

heavily on heavily on amphipods for amphipods for foodfood


Galatheid Galatheid crabscrabs litter the litter the bottom, standing bottom, standing motionless on the motionless on the dark rockdark rock


ClamsClams8 inches, 8 inches, and they're late and they're late arrivals to the arrivals to the study sitestudy site With no mud to With no mud to

burrow into, they burrow into, they anchor themselves anchor themselves by sticking their by sticking their fleshy foot down fleshy foot down into cracks in the into cracks in the cold lava. cold lava.

Earth’s Moving Boundaries: shaping the planet the.

Documents

crust slide

earth slide

mantle slide

transform slide

plate boundaries slide

shadow slide

plates lithosphere

crust divergent boundary