EARTH'S ENERGY SOURCES

EARTH’S ENERGY SOURCES

EARTH’S ENERGY SOURCE

The energy available to us here on Earth comes from the Sun in one way or another. The Sun's radiation provides the light and heat needed for life on Earth. Most of the energy we capture for use on Earth originates in the nuclear reactions powering our Sun. Coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, and even the wind and hydropower we harness to generate electricity, originally derive their energy content from the Sun.

EEARTH’S ENERGY SOURCES ARTH’S ENERGY SOURCES WWORLD’S APPETITE FOR ENERGYORLD’S APPETITE FOR ENERGYNONRENEWABLENONRENEWABLE OR OR RENEWABLERENEWABLE RESOURCESRESOURCESOIL AND SUN’S ENERGY STORED IN THE EARTHOIL AND SUN’S ENERGY STORED IN THE EARTHCARBON ECONOMYCARBON ECONOMYSMART ENERGY GRIDSMART ENERGY GRIDSSOCIAL ASPECTS OF ALTENATIVE ENERGYOCIAL ASPECTS OF ALTENATIVE ENERGYENERGY PROGRAMS IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITYENERGY PROGRAMS IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY

By PAUL MACHUMUBy PAUL MACHUMU

WWORLD’S APPETITE FOR ENERGYORLD’S APPETITE FOR ENERGYAmericans consume about 100 quadrillion British thermal units yearly. (An engine burning 8 billion gallons [30 billion l] of gasoline produces about 1 quadrillion [1015] British ttermal unity of energy; 1 British thermal unity equals the energy released in burning one wooden match.) The United States consumes more energy than it produces, so it must import the difference. Electric power production uses the biggest portion, about 40 percent, of all energy used in the United States. Transportation consumes 28.5 percent of the country’s energy use, industry uses 21.1 percent, and residential and commercial buildings use 10.4 percent . The countries that in the past decade have consistently used the most energy per capita per year are the following: Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Luxembourg, Canada, and the United States. The United States (as a nation) consumes more than 21 percent of all the energy consumed globally; China is the next biggest consumer at 15 percent.

World Energy Demand

NONRENEWABLE OR RENEWABLE RESOURCESThere are nine major areas of energy resources. They fall into two categories: nonrenewable There are nine major areas of energy resources. They fall into two categories: nonrenewable and renewable.and renewable.

Nonrenewable energy resources, are like coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas, are available in Nonrenewable energy resources, are like coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas, are available in limited supplies. This is usually due to the long time it takes for them to be replenished.limited supplies. This is usually due to the long time it takes for them to be replenished.

Renewable resources are replenished naturally and over relatively short periods of time. The Renewable resources are replenished naturally and over relatively short periods of time. The five major renewable energy resources are solar, wind, water (hydro), biomass, and geothermal.five major renewable energy resources are solar, wind, water (hydro), biomass, and geothermal.

Renewable technologies may be either modern advances in energy generation or ancient technologies that some parts of the world continue to use.

Solar, water, and wind energy plus the burning of organic wastes together account for energy consumption in the United States and about other worldwide.

Many renewable energy sources do not produce usable energy directly, and equipment must convert one type of energy into another form. Eexample, the energy contained in wind turns a turbine, which powersa generator that makes electricity.

This means we have to look for a betterness way ,technologically that can sustain in a proper way without producing negative effects in the world .

√√Our renewable energy resources

OIL AND SUN’S ENERGY STORED IN THE EARTH

The energy stored in the Earth’s crude oil originally came from the Sun. Devod (2013: 21 ) Crude oil is a complex mixture consisting of 200 or more different organiccompounds, mostly alkanes (single bond hydrocarbons on the form CnH2n+2) and smaller fraction aromatics (six-ring molecules such as benzene C6H6).

The petroleum industry extracts crude oil out of the ground and then refines it into products such as gasoline.Oil refineries clean up crude oil by heating it to drive off the impurities. This heating step to purify a liquid is called distillation. Light, volatile (easily vaporized) materials such as gases leave crude oil first, and the least volatile components, such as asphalt, remain in the mixture the longest.

Refineries recover the following components from crude oil, listed from the most to the least volatile: gases, gasoline, aviation fuel, heating oil, diesel oil, naptha solvents, greases, lubricants, waxes, and asphalt. Refineries further distill some of the components to collect specific chemicals called petrochemicals. Petrochemicals currently go into the production of the following materials: organic solvents, pesticides, plastics, synthetic fibers,aints, and some medicines.

CRUDE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING

CARBON ECONOMYIs an economy based on low carbon power sources that therefore has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the environment biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.•Carbon economics represents a manner of keeping track of beneficial forms of carbon as •an energy storage material•and harmful forms of carbon greenhouse gases.

This consists of buying or selling carbon units, called carbon offsets, on a world trading market, similar to how stocks are bought and sold on the New York Stock Exchange.

What are benefits, profits of selling and buying carbon? It creates jobs(employment) development among countriesIs it helping to remove or it accelerating greenhouse gas?First, carbon in the form of the gases carbon dioxide or methane makes up part of the atmosphere’s greenhouse gases. Second, carbon compounds given off in the combustion of fossil fuels combine with other elements in the atmosphere to form acids that lead to acid rain. Acid rain has had very damaging effects on plant and tree health and the normal chemical conditions in the ocean.

SMART ENERGY GRID A Smart Grid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users

connected to it – generators, consumers and those that do both – in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies.

• A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficiency resources.[Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid.

• Smart energy grids improve on conventional energy distribution in two ways.• First, smart energy grids maximize the use of alternative energy sources that supply electricity

without causing the environmental harm associated with dams and coal burning. Large power plants and thousands of miles of power lines can be eliminated by the use of smart energy grids.

• Second, smart energy grids can be designed to eliminate or minimize waste by allowing a type of two-way flow of electricity. These grids make it easier for consumers to pay for what they use rather than what they take.

• A smart energy grid is made up of two main components: a power plant and a computerized system that constantly monitors electricity usage. Future smart grids will likely use renewable energy sources. The computerized monitoring system keeps tabs on the times and locations

• of highest electricity use and can redirect power at any moment fromlow-use locations to high-use locations.

SMART ENERGY GRID

SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ALTENATIVE ENERGY

• Sustainable energy • Reducing home expenditure• Improving safety and security• Excellent lighting for reading

and work night • Reducing overall CO2

emmission• Reducing usage of battaries

and disiel generators• Reducing indoor pollution• Reducing import costs of

soral powered products• Enabling distributors to

generate revenue with renewable products

• End users save money and can invest in local products and services

ENERGY PROGRAMS IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY• The Global Energy Network Institute has been

working since 1986 to help design a global system for distributing energy.

• This plan requires large investments in money and time plus commitment among nations.

• Also a global energy network requires leaders gather energy experts to work on specific phases of building such a network.

• The International Electricity Association presents an update on the world’s energy usage and production, regions with overconsumption, and offers ideas for future energy management where recent observations on global energy shows that:

• All current energy trends are not sustainable, • Oil will likely remain the leading energy source,• Oil fields have declined, so undiscovered oil reserves

will be needed to sustain current consumption, • Countries must cooperate on holding the average

global temperature rise to 3.6°F (2°C), Arresting current global temperature rise requires lowering emissions in both industrialized and nonindustrialized regions”.

CONCLUSION• Technology

should take a way to save and make the real world to be the real place to live by making sustainability of renewable sources.