Earthquakes

1. ______-places in the Earth’s crust where rocks have broken apart

faults

A. ______ _____- areas where tension forces cause rock above the fault surface to move downward

normal faults

1)____________- a block of rock that forms the upper half of the fault2)____________- a block of rock that forms the lower half of the fault

hanging hanging wallwall

footwafootwallll

B. _______ _____- areas where compression forces cause rock above the fault to move

_________

reverse fault

upward

C. ________________- areas where shearing forces cause plates to move sideways past each other (horizontally)

strike-slip fault

Reverse

2. _____________- energy waves produced by an earthquake; earthquakes are the vibrations felt when this movement happens.

seismic waves

A.______________- travel through Earth by causing particles in rocks to compress and stretch apart in the direction of the wave;

fastestfastest

B. _______________- travel through Earth causing particles in rocks to move at right angles to the direction of the waves

primary waves

secondary waves

C. _____________- energy that travels out from the epicenter

surface waves

D. Seismic waves ____ and ______ speed as the density of rock changes

1)P-waves _____ when they contact the outer core.

2)S-waves are _______ completely by the outer core.

3)___________-area where no S-waves are received

bendchange

bend

stopped

shadow zone

3. ______- point in the Earth’s interior where the energy is released during an earthquake

focus

4. _________- point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus

epicenter

5. ___________- an instrument that measures earthquake activity

seismometer

6. __________- measure of the energy released by an earthquake activity

magnitude

7. _____________- 7. _____________- describesdescribes how how much much energyenergy is released during is released during an earthquake; for each 1.0, the an earthquake; for each 1.0, the amplitude of the largest surface amplitude of the largest surface wave is 10 times greater; 32 wave is 10 times greater; 32 times as much energy is released times as much energy is released for each 1.0 increasefor each 1.0 increase

Richter Scale

8.__________- assesses _______; rates from I to XII; based on intensity (amount of damage)

Mercalli damage

Damaging Earthquake in the US (1750 - 1996)

9. ____________- occurs when wet or soft soil becomes more like a liquid from shaking (like a milkshake)

liquefaction

10. ________- huge ocean waves caused by seismic activity

tsunami

Tsunami-

Dec. 26, 2004http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/tsunami/videogallery/

videogallery.html

Other siteshttp://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/tsunami/interactive/

interactive.html