EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO OF KATHMANDU VALLEY ......slxn] 3/ k'uf}+ h:tf] eO/x]5 . t/ af6f]df 3/x? 9ln/x]sf] b]Vbf af6}df lslrP/ dl/g] kf] xf] ls < 3/ k'Ug} gkfOg] xf] ls < eg]/ pm 8/fO{

e"sDkLo

kl/b[Zo

lxpFbsf] lbg 5 . laxfg} b]lv abnL ePsf]n]sf7df8f}+ pkTosfaf;Lx?n] cfh a9L hf8f] dxz';ul//x]sf 5g\. t/ klg cfˆgf] b}lgs sfo{sf nfluAo:t x'g' kg]{ sd{rf/L, Aofkf/L, dhb"/ cflb cf–cfˆgf] sfddf h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . hf8f]sf] 5'§L ;lsP/ljBfnox? v'ln;s]sfn] ljBfyL{x? klg k9\g / v]NgdfAo:t 5g\ . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] lbgrof{ :jfefljs?kdf rln/x]sf] 5 .

lbgsf] @ ah]/ !%ldg]6 uPsf] 5 . ;a} 7fpFdf;a} hgf cf–cfˆgf] w'gdf dUg5g\ . crfgs w]/} dflg;x?n]cfkm " a; ]sf ] cf;g s]xLxlNnPsf] h:tf] dxz'; u/] .t/ s] ePsf] xf ] 7Dofpg;s]gg\ . To;}n] s;}n] klg WofglbPgg\ / cfˆg} w'gdf dUg/x] . To;sf] nut} km]l/ ;a}dflg;n] cfkm' a;]sf] 7fpF hf]8n]xlNnPsf] / klxnf slxNo}g;'lgPsf] crDdsf] 7"nf] cfjfhcfO{/x]sf] cg'ej u/] . ;a} hgfcflQP/ cfkm' a;]sf] 7fpFaf6p7] / sf]7f aflx/ bf}l8gvf]h] . o;/L p7]/ bf}8\bf bf}8\b}pgLx?n] cfˆg]f jl/k/Lsf;fdfgx? 9n]sf] / v;]sf] b]v] .sfof{nox? leq b/fhx? 9n],k ':tsfnox?df lstfasftVtfx? 9n], c:ktfnx?dfcf}iflwsf b/fh 9n], 3/ 3/sfefG;f sf]7fx?df efF8fsF'8fx?v;], leQfsf 38L / P]gfx? klgv;]/ km'6] . ‰ ofn / leQfx?

rls{g yfn] . o;/L e"sDk cfpFbf s] ug'{ k5{, / s]ug'{ x+'b}g eGg] af/] 1fg gePsf dflg;x? cflQP/s/fpFb} aflx/ lg:sg vf]Hbf slthgf aLrd} n8],slthgf e¥ofª af6 Ps} k6s v'd'{l/P, sltn] ‰ ofn/ afb{nLaf6 xfDkmfn] . sfof{nox?df ;a}hgf cflQP/Ps} k6s aflx/ lg:sg vf]Hbf 9f]sfdf 7]nd\7]n eO{slt hgf lylrP .

o;/L cflQP/ aflx/ cfO{ k'luGh]n;Dddf

EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO OF KATHMANDU VALLEY

o; e"sDkLo kl/b[Zo ;DaGwL j0f{g sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ljut !(() ;fnsf] e"sDkaf6cfPsf] sDkgnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL To:t} sDkgsf] k'g/fj[lQ ePdf kg{ ;Sg] ef}lts tyf

;fdflhs c;/x?sf] kl/sNkgfsf] cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .tTsfnsf] b[Zo

of] gSzfdf lj= ;+= !(() sf] dxfe"sDkdf hdLg xNnFbf k/]sf] c;/ / To:tf] dxfe"sDk km]l/ bf]xl/Pdf kg{ ;Sg]c;/af/] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 .

e"sDk cfpFbf olb tkfO{+ 3/leq x'g'x'G5 eg] 6]a'n d'lg jf9f]sfsf] ;fFwdf pleg'xf];\ .

!

sf&df*f}+ pkTosfsf]

e"sDkLo

kl/b[Zo

hldg xlNng /f]lsof] t/ ;a} dflg;sf v'§f cem} y/y/L sfld/x]sf 5g\ . aflx/ htftt} w'nf]n] 9flsPsf]5 . w'nf]n] ubf{ glhs}sf] b[io klg s]xL b]lv+b}g .t}klg dflg;x? cflQ+b} htftt} bf}l8/x]sf 5g\ .o;/L bf}8\bf bf}8\b} af6}df slthgf n8]sf 5g\ eg]slthgf efUbf efUb} s'g} u?Ë f] a:t'n] lylrg k'u]sf5g\ . zx/L O{nfsf b]lv s]xL aflx/ klg dflg;x?o;/Lg} bf}l8P/ v'Nnf 7fpFdf k'Ug vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ .o;/L bf}8\bf slt cflQP/ lrRofO{ /x]sf 5g\ eg]sltko dlxnfx? cfˆgf 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] gfd af]nfpFb}bf}l8/x]sf 5g\ .

s'g} c:ktfndf 8fS6/ / g;{x? gcflQ+sgcfˆgf l;ls:t la/fdLx?sf] /Iff ug]{ k|of;df nfu]eg] s'g} c:ktfndf la/fdLsf] pkrf/sf nflu vl6Psf8fS6/, g;{ / :jf:YosdL{x? xftdf ePsf] pkrf/pks/0f xft}df lnO{ c:ktfn aflx/ lgl:sP .la/fdL s'?jfx? / efUg ;Sg] la/fdLx? klg cflQ+b}7]nd\7]n ub}{ efu] . t/ Hofb} czQm la/fdLx? /v'§f 3fO{t] ePsfx? cfkm' ;'t]s} cf]5\ofgdf lrRofpFb},?Fb} a:g' afx]s s]xL ug{ ;s]gg\ .

ljBfnox?df sIffdf kl9/x]sf ljBfyL{ /k9fO{/x]sf lzIfs lzlIfsf …nf}g nf}g… eGb} aflx/rf}/df lgl:sP . t/ k9fO{ geP/ cyjf æxfkm 6fOdÆeP/ rf}/df v]ln/x]sf ljBfyL{x? eg] cflQ+b} sIffsf]7ftkm{ bf}l8P . o;/L sIffaf6 aflx/ efUg] /aflx/af6 sIfftkm{ hfg] ljBfyL{x? cfk;df h'4f;fgf] sIffsf w]/} afnaflnsfx? n8] . rf}/ gePsfljBfnox?sf ljBfyL{, lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx? stfhfpF, stf hfpF eP/ cNdlnO{ /x] . e"sDkLo ;'/Iffaf/] 1fg kfPsf ljBfyL{x? t'?Gt} 6]an / a]Gr d'lg

n's] eg] lzIfs lzlIfsfx? 9f]sfsf] 7Ls d'lgpleP .

zx/L If]qsf ;8sdf ;jf/L rnfO{ /x]sfrfnsx? cfˆgf] ;jf/L ;fwg c;Gt'lnt ePsf] b]lvcrDd dfGg yfn] . t/ ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ lgoGq0fu/L ;Gt'lnt u/fpg gkfpFb} s]xL If0f leq} w]/} h;f];fwgx? cfk;df 7f]lSsg k'u] . s]xL ;jf/L rfnsx?gcflQsg ;8saf6 lsgf/f lt/ nfu]/ ;'/lIft 7fpFdfk'uL /f]lsP .

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] zx/L If]q aflx/sfdflg;x? cflQ+b} glhs}sf] v]tdf l56} g} hDdf x'gk'u] . t/ zx/ leqsf jfl;Gbfx?n] v'Nnf 7fpFsf]vf]lhdf otfplt cflQP/ ef+}tfl/+bf klg ;'/lIft v'Nnf7fpF t'?Gt} km]nf kfg{ ;s]gg\ . 3/ elTsP/ p8]sf]w'nf]n] ubf{ zx/ leq s]xL klg /fd|/L b]lv+b}g eg]zx/ leqs} afl;Gbfx?n] ;w} cfkm' lx+l8/x]sf] af6f]klg oltv]/ klxNofpg ;s]gg\ . 3/ elTsPsf] y'k|f]n]af6f] 5]lsP/ klg dflg;x?nfO{ v'nf / ;'/lIft 7fpFdfl56} k'luxfNg Hofb} sl7g eO{ /x]sf] 5 .

dflg; dfq xf]O{g kz' k+IfLx? klg g/fd|/Lt;]{sf 5g\ . ;8ssf 5f8f s's'/ s/fpFb} bf}l8/x]sf5g eg] 3/df kflnPsf s's'/ klg hf]8\n] e'ls/x]sf5g\ . ufFp3/ lt/ v'nf 7fpF df rl//x]sf ufO{, e}+;L,e]+8f, afv|f cflb klg s/fpFb} htfkfof] pt} bf}l8/–x]sf 5g\ .

s;}n] klg sxfF hfg] < s] ug]{ < s;nfO{u'xfg]{ < s]xL lg0f{o ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . ;a}sf] xf];\xjf; x/fPsf] 5, ;a}lt/ sf]nfxn 5 ============= .

efO{rf sf7df8f}+sf] lgDg dWodjuL{o kl/jf/sf] Pp6f o'js xf] . pm Ps ljQLo;+:yfdf ;fgf] :t/sf] sd{rf/L 5 . cf gf] zfvf k|d'vn] cx\fPsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ;fOsn

r9]/ uO/x]sf] efO{rf b/jf/dfu{df k'u] kl5 ;fOsnc;Gt'lnt eO{ crfgsn8\5 . ;/f;/ la:tf/} cfO/x]sf] ;fOsn st} g7f]lsO,s;}n] wSsf glbO o;/Lcfkm} n8\g'sf] sf/0f yfxfkfpg vf]Hbf vf]Hb} p;n]cf gf] cuf8L / k5f8L;fOsndf cfO/x]sf c?dflg;x?klg n8]sf] b]V5 .;fy} b/jf/ dfu{df u'8L /x]sf

df]6/ ;fOsn, df]6/x? klg c;Gt'lnt eO/x]sf] b]Vbf pm cndNn kb{5 . s] ePsf] xf] egL7Dofpg vf]Hbf vf]Hb} pQ/tkm{af6 7'nf] cfFlw a]x/Lsf] h:tf] cfjfh cfPsf] / dflg;x? lrRofpFb}

htfkfof] Tot} bf}l8/x]sf] p;n] b]V5 . ca aNn p;n]e"sDk cfPsf] /x]5 eGg] rfn kfpF5 . clg pm klg ;fOsnaf6}df 5f8L bf}8\g yfN5 .

Ps} If0fdf ;a}lt/ w'n} w'nf]n] 9flsG5 . pmsfof{nosf] sfd h] ;'s} xf];\ eg]/ kl/jf/nfO{ ;DemL 3/lt/} bf}l8G5. o;/L bf}8\bf jl/k/Lsf ?vx? hf]8n] dlRr–/x]sf]], af6f] lr/f kb}{ uPsf] / ;a}lt/ sf]nfxn dlRrPsf]p;n] slxNo} cg'ej gu/]sf b[Zox? b]V5 . efO{rfnfO{slxn] 3/ k'uf}+ h:tf] eO/x]5 . t/ af6f]df 3/x? 9ln/x]sf]b]Vbf af6}df lslrP/ dl/g] kf] xf] ls < 3/ k'Ug} gkfOg] xf]ls < eg]/ pm 8/fO{ /x]sf] 5 . pm hlt l56f] bf}8\g rfx] klgof] 8/n] ubf{ p;sf v'6\6fx? l56f] s'b\g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .o;/L bf}8bf pm s}of}+ k6s n8\5, s}of}+ k6s c? bf}l8/x]sfdflg;x?;+u h'W5 . ;a} lt/ w'nf]n] 9flsPsf] / 3/x?elTsPsf]n] efO{rfnfO{ cf gf] 3/ k'Ug] af6f] 7Dofpg klgd'lZsn kl//x]sf] 5 .

efO{rf bf}l8/x]5=====

e"sDk cfpFbf olb tkfO{ PstNn] 3/df x'g'x'G5 / ;lhn}aflx/ lg:sg ;lsg] 9f]sf

glhs} x'g'x'G5 eg] t'?Gt 3/aflx/ lg:sg'xf];\ / v'nf;'/lIft 7fpFdf k'Ug'xf];\ .

;jf/L ;fwg rnfO/xg' ePsf] 5eg] cf gf] ;fwgnfO{ ;8ssf]lsgf/df /f]Sg'xf];\ / ejg, ?v,ljB't nfO{g / k'n cflbaf6 6f9f

/xg'xf];\ .

@

e"sDkLo

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7fpFdf rls{Psf] 5 . cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;'/lIft5, 5}g yfxf kfpg ;a} cft'/ 5g\ . sfo{fno uPsfsd{rf/Lx? hlt ;Sbf] l56f] 3/k'uL kl/jf/sf] l:ylthfGg cft'/ 5g\ . t/ af6f] v'nf 5}g . cfk;dfh'w]sf ;jf/L ;fwgx?, ;8s / rf}af6f]df dflg;sf]le8, eTs]sf 3/sf O{+6 / df6f] y'lk|Psf]n] / ;8sklg 7fpF – 7fpFdf lr/f k/]sfn] ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg;Dej 5}g\ . To;}n] cfˆg} ;jf/L ;fwg x'g] sd{rf/Lx? klg ;jf/L ;fwg sfof{nod} 5f]8L bf}8L–bf}8L 3/k'Ug vf]lh/x]sf 5g . ptf 3/df /x]sf u[lx0fLx?sfof{no uPsf klt, k9g uPsf 5f]/f– 5f]/L / sfdljz]ifn] 3/ aflx/ uPsf kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:ox?3/ cfO{gk'u]sfn] lrGtfn] cfs'n Aofs'n eO{/x]sf5g\ . sltko sfof{no, ljBfno, l;g]df ejg, sf/vfgf / 3/x?sf 9f]sf v'Ng g;s]/ dflg;x? leq}y'lgPsf 5g\ .

e"sDkLo ;'/Iffsf] k"j{ tof/L gu/]sfljBfnox?sf] b[io Å bo labf/s 5 . sltko ljBfnoejg elTsPsf 5g\ . sIff leq slt k'l/Psf5g\ s]xL yfxf 5}g . sIff aflx/ x'g] s]6fs]6Lx? of]

lbgsf] # aHof] . /]l8of] g]kfnn] ;dfrf/dfeGof] – æsf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf cfh lbgsf] s/La @ah]/ !% ldg]6 hfFbf 7"nf] e"sDksf] wSsf dxz';ul/of] . pQm e"sDkn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfnfO{ 7"nf]dfqfdf Iflt k'¥ofPsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;af/]lj:t[t ljj/0f k|fKt eO{;s]sf] 5}g\ . t/ of] ;dfrf/sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf Aof6«Laf6 rNg] ;fgf] /]l8of] ;fydfx'g]x? s]xLn] dfq ;'Gg kfP . /]l8of] g]kfnaf6 of];dfrf/ k|;f/0f eP kl5 clw/fHosf laleGg 7fpFaf6sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf 6]lnkmf]g ug{ yflnof] . t/e"sDksf] sf/0f w]/} 7fpFdf 6]lnkmf]gsf vDafx? 9n]sf/ tf/x? rF'l8Psfn] pkTosf aflx/af6 cfˆgf gftfs'6'Da / lk|ohgx?nfO{ ;Dks{ u/L pgLx? ;'/lIft/x]g/x]sf] / oxfFsf] l:yltaf/] hfgsf/L lng cft'/w]/} dflg;x? lg/fz x'g' k¥of] . 6]lnkmf]gsf nfO{gx?Iflt gePsf 7fFpx?df 6]lnkmf]gsf 306L nuftf/alh/x]sf 5g\ . t/ ;a}hgf aflx/ eflu ;s]sfn] 3/leq k;L Tof] kmf]g p7fP/ s'/f ug]{ sf]xL 5}gg\ .

v'nf / ;'/lIft 7fpFsf] vf]hLdf cflQ+b}bf}l8Psf dflg;x? h;f]t;f] sf7df8f}+sf] 6F'l8v]n,v'nfd~r, /Tgkfs{ cflb 7fpFdf e]nf ePsf 5g\ .;a}sf cg'xf/ dlng 5g\ . Ps306f cufl8sf] / clxn]sf]sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf kTofpg}g;lsg] u/L 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfPsf]5 . 6F'l8v]ndf eb|sfnL glhs,afg]Zj/, lqk'/]Zj/ cflb 7fpF –7fpFdf hdLg lr/f k/ ]sf ]b]lvG5 . Tof] lr/faf6 afn'jf /kfgL klg lgl:s/x]sf] 5 . To;}}n]rf}/ s]xL lxnfDd] e};s]sf] 5 .o;/L hdLg lrl/P/ afn'jf /kfgL lgl:sPsf] slxn] klggb]v]sf dflg;x? crDd dflg–/x]sf 5g\ eg] ToxfF aNntNncfO{k'u]sf a'9fkfsfx? cfkm'n]afNosfndf b]v]sf ] b [iosf ];Demgf ub}{ c?;+u eGb}5g\ –æ() ;fnsf] e"O{+rfnf]df klg o:t}ePsf] lyof] .Æ

sf7df8f } + pkTosfleqsf x/]s ;fgf – 7"nf v"Nnf7fpFdf dflg;x? 7"nf] ;+Vofdf e]nfePsf 5g\ . rqmky glhssfafl;Gbfx? rqmkyd} hDdfePsf 5g\ . rqmky klg 7fpF

Ps 306f kl5

e"sDk cfPsf] v08df cf gfkl/jf/sf ;b:ox? e]nf x'g]Pp6f v'nf / ;'/lIft :yfgaf/]e"sDk cfpg' cufj} lglZrt

ug'{xf];\ . e"sDk cfPdf s] s;f]ug]{ < eGg]af/] cf gf kl/jf/sf;a} ;b:ox? / 5/ l5d]sL;+u

k"j{ of]hgf ug'{xf];\ .

e"sDk cfpFbf hdLgsf] lunf] efu a9L xlNnG5, / hdLg leqsf] df6f], afn'jf, kfgL aflx/ lg:sG5 . of] gSzfdfsf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf To;/L hdLgaf6 df6f], afn'jf, kfgL lg:sg ;Sg] :yfgx? b]vfOPsf] 5 .

#

e"sDkLo

kl/b[Zo

b[io b]v]/ /f]O{/x]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf aRrfnfO{ lng eg]/sltko cleefjsx? bf}8]/ ljBfno k'u]sf 5g\ t/sltko ljBfnosf lzIfs lzlIfsfnfO{ s'g ljBfyL{sxfF 5 yfxf 5}g . pgLx? cleefjsx?nfO{ ætkfO{sf]aRrf 3/ uO{ ;Sof]Æ elg/x]sf 5g\ . t/ aRrf 3/gk'u]sf], ljBfnodf klg gePsf] / af6f]df klgge]l6Psf]n] cleefjsx? emg lrlGtt / cfs|f]lztalg/x]sf 5g\ .

t/ s]xL ljBfnox?df eg] e"sDk hfgf;fy;a} lzIfs – lzlIfsfx? ldn]/ cfˆgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{glhs}sf] rf}/df Pslqt u/L st} klg hfg glbO{s8f lgu/fgLdf /fv]/ ;fGTjgf lbO{/x]sf 5g\ . lzIfslzlIfsfx? k|To]s sIffsf k|To]s ljBfyL{ ToxfF PslqtePsf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eg]/ To;sf] uGtL ul//x]sf5g\ . pgLx?n] ;DalGwt cleefjs cfP kl5 dfqljBfyL{nfO{ lhDdf nufO{/x]sf 5g\ / gcflQsg 9f9;

lbO{/x]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf] aRrfnfO{ o;/L ;'/lIft kfpg]cleefjsx? aRrfnfO{ cFufnf] xfNb} lzIfs lzlIfsfk|lt cfef/ k|s6 ul//x]sf 5g\ . s'g} ljBfnosflzIfsx?, gf} bz sIffsf ljBfyL{x? / cfˆgf] 3/;'/lIft ePsf :yfgLo o'jsx?sf] ;xof]u lnO{ eTs]sfsIff sf]7fsf] ;fdfg kG5fP/ ToxfF leq sf]xL k'l/Psf]5 ls eg]/ x]g{ nflu/x]sf 5g\ . e"sDkLo hf]lvdnfO{Wofgdf /fvL dd{t ;Def/ u/L dha"t agfO{Psf

ljBfno ejgx?df eg] vf; 7"nf] Iflt k'u]sf] 5}g\ .

zx/ leqsf] l:ylt cToGt eofjx 5 . 7fpF– 7fpFaf6 cfuf]sf Hjfnf / w'Fjfsf d':nfx? lgl:s/x]sf b]lvG5g\. bdsnsf] nflu w]/} 7fpFaf6 af]nfj6cfO{/x]sf] 5 . t/ ;a} 7fpFdf bdsn k'Ug ;ls/x]sf5 }gg\ . sf7df8f } + , nlntk'/ / eQmk '/sfu/L hDdf & j6f bdsn ePsf]df @ j6f dfqkl/rfng x'g ;s]sf 5g\ . e"sDksf] sf/0f kmnfd]9f]sf af+luPsf]n] 9f]sf v'Ng g;sL bdsnnfO{ aflx/lgsfNg ;lsPsf] 5}g eg] s]xL bdsn lalu|P/ ylGs–/x]sfn] of] laktsf] a]nfdf tL bdsn cy{xLg ePsf5g\ . htftt} af6f] cj?4 ePsf]n] cfunfuL ePsf]7fpF;Dd k'Ug bdsnnfO{ 7"nf] sl7gfO{ kl//x]sf] 5 .zx/sf ;fF3'/f uNnL leq bdsn l5g{ g;s]sfn]nfdf] kfO{ksf] ;xf/f lnO{ cfuf] lgefpg] k|of;e}/x]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ cfuf] lgefpg] sfddf ljnDaeO{ a9L Iflt e}/x]sf] 5 .

bdsnx?df kof{Kt dfqfdf kfgLsf] df}Hbft5}g . kfgLsf] ;|f]t ePsf] 7fpF;Dd k'Ug w]/} ;donfUg] / af6f] klg v'nf gePsf]n] sf7df8f}+df /fgLkf]v/Lsf], eQmk'/df l;4 kf]v/Lsf] / nlntk'/dflrl8ofvfgf leqsf] kf]v/Laf6 bdsndf kfgL eg]{sfd eO{/x]sf] 5 . o:t} a]nfsf] nflu eg]/ zx/sf7fpF 7fpFdf xfO{8«fG6x? /flvPsf x'g\ . t/ tLxfO{8«fG6x? vf]n]/ bdsnsf] nflu kfgL lemSg vf]Hbfs'g} klg xfO{8«fG6af6 kfgL cfPg . kfgLsf] ;|f]t;'ls;s]sfn] tL xfO{8«fG6x?af6 of] lakbsf] a]nf sfdlng ;lsPg . pkTosfsf laleGg :yfgdf /x]sfk]6«f]n kDkx?sf] e"ldut k]6«f]n 6of+sL k8s]/ cfunfuLePsf] 5 . o;/L cfunfuL x'+bf k]6«f]n kDk glhssf]3/ ;d]t cfuf]sf] rk]6fdf k/]sf 5g\ .

zx/sf 7fpF 7fpFaf6 3fO{t]x? c:ktfndfcfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . c:ktfn glhs} x'g]x? c:ktfnk'lu;s]sf 5g\ . t/ 6f9f x'g]x?nfO{ 7"nf] sl7gfO{kl//x]sf] 5 . w]/} 7fpFdf 6]lnkmf]g ;Dks{ laR5]bePsf]n] PDa'n]G; af]nfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g\ . ;8s cj?4ePsf]n] va/ kfP/ klg ToxfF PDa'n]G; k'Ug;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . c:ktfnx?sf] O{dh{]G;L ljefudf3fO{t]x?sf] 3'O+{rf] nflu ;s]sf]n] 8fS6/x?nfO{ ToxfFJoj:yf ldnfpg sl7gfO{ kl//x]sf] 5 . c:ktfnleqs} la/fdLx? / :jf:YosdL{x? klg cl3 efUgvf]Hbf xft v'§fdf rf]6 nfuL clxn] O{dh{]G;Ld} y'lk|gk'u]sf 5g\ . lbpF;f] @ ah] :jf:YosdL{x?sf] kfnf]km]l/g] ePsf]n] w]/} h;f] af6f]d} cnkq kl//x]sf5g\ . kfnf] ;lsPsfx? 3/ k'Ug kfPsf 5}gg\ eg]kfnf] z'? x'g]x? c:ktfn k'Ug EofPsf 5}gg\ . o;}n]

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3fO{t] eP/ c:ktfn cfpg]x?df w]/} h;f]sf]6fpsf]df rf]6 nfu]sf] 5 . e"O{+rfnf] cfPsf] yfxfkfPkl5 efUbf efUb} sf};Lsf udnf v;]/ 6fpsf]dfnfuL s}of+} uDeL/ 3fO{t] ePsf 5g\ . s;}sf] blngv;]/ / s;}sf] lzlnª k+vf v;]/ 6fpsf]df 7"nf] rf]6nfu]sf] 5 . ‰ ofnaf6 / afb{nLaf6 xfDkmfNbf xftv'§f efFlrg]x? klg k|;:t 5g\ . 8fS6/x?nfO{ ;a}eGbfa9L uDeL/ 3fO{t] sf] sf] x'g\ 5'6\ofpg / ltgLx?nfO{tTsfn pkrf/ ; ]jf k ' ¥ofpg sl7ge}/x]sf] 5 . clxn] tL 3fO{t]x?nfO{ /fv]/ pkrf/ ug]{7fpFsf] ;d'lrt Joj:yf ug{ g;Sg'g} ;a} eGbf 7"nf];d:of ag]sf] 5 .

kfnf] gk/]sf]n] c:ktfn aflx/ cGoq/x]sf ;DalGwt 8fS6/x? t'?Gt cfˆgf] c:ktfndfk'Ug vf]lh/x]sf 5g\, sf]xL 3/ k'Ug vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ .t/ af6f] cj?4 ePsf]n] To;df klg afwf kl//x]sf]5 . aflx/af6 cfPsf 3fO{t] / pgLx?sf cfkmGtx?sf]eL8ef8sf] sf/0f c:ktfnsf] jftfj/0f cJojl:yte}/x]sf] 5 . o:n] ubf{ c:ktfndf klxn] b]lvg} egf{eP/ pkrf/ u/fO/x]sf l;ls:t la/fdLx? k|lt 8fS6/g;{x?sf] kof{Kt Wofg k'Ug ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .

sltko c:ktfndf cTofjZos cf}iflwsfb/fhx? 9n]/ k'm6\bf cf}iflwx? ;d]t gi6 ePsf5g\ . cf}iflwsf] :6f]/sf] lhDdf lnPsf] dflg;olt v]/ sxfF 5 < s'g xfntdf 5 < yfxf 5}g .To;}n] :6f]/df ePsf cf}iflwx? lgsfn]/ sfd rnfpgcK7\of/f] kl//x]sf] 5 . ljB't lat/0f aGb ePsf]n]tTsfn PS;–/] ug'{ kg]{ 3fO{t]x?sf nflu ;d:ofkl//x]sf] 5 . h]g]/]6/ rfn' xfntdf ePsfc:ktfnx?df t h]gt]g sfd e}/x]sf] 5 . h]g]/]6/gePsf / eP/ klg ;+rfng ug{ g;lsPsfc:ktfnx?df 7"nf] sl7gfO{ kl//x]sf] 5 .

pkTosfsf k|foM h;f] ;a} :yfgx?df :yfgLo:jo+;]js o'jfx? p4f/ sfo{df ;xof]u ug{ cl3;l//x]sf 5g\. t/ s;n], sxfF, s] sfd ug]{ / s;/Lug]{ eGg] lgwf] ePsf] 5}g\ . sf] p4f/s x'g\, sf] /ldt]x'g\ 5'6ofpg ufx|f] 5 . To;}n] st} Ps} 7fpFdf w]/}dflg;x? em'lDdPsf 5g\ eg] st} sf]xL klg5}gg\ . cGoq eGbf sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8fg+= #$ / nlntk'/ pk–dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !)df p4f/ sfo{ a9L ;lqmo / ;dGjofTds ?kdfeO{/x]sf] 5 . ToxfFsf :yfgLo hgk|ltlgwL / o'jfx?n]klxn]g} o; af/] tflnd lnPsf lyP .

kfFr ah] /]l8of] g]kfnn] k'gM ;dfrf/ lbof] –æcfh lbp+;f] @ jh]/ !$ ldg]6 $% ;]s]08 hfFbf*=@ /]S6/ :s]nsf] e"sDk uPsf] s'/f vfgL tyfe"ue{ ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . pQm e"sDksf] s]Gb|ljGb' sf7df8f}+ b]lv s/Lj !)) lsnf] ld6/ pQ//;'jf lhNnfsf] cf;kf;df /x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf]5 . e"sDkaf6 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf Jofks hg wgsf]Iflt ePsf]n] >L % sf] ;/sf/ u[x dGqfnon] sf7df8f}+pkTosfjf;LnfO{ w}o{ wf/0f u/L cfk;L ;xof]u /p4f/ sfo{df tTsfn h'6\g cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 .Æ

;fFem k¥of] . t/ aQL 5}g . 7fpF 7fpFdflah'nLsf tf/x? r'Fl8Psf 5g\, vDaf 9n]sf jfafFluPsf 5g\ . sltko 7fpFdf 6«fG;km/d/ tn e"O{+dfv;]sf 5g\ . s/]G6 ;6{ eP/ g} sltko 7fpFdfcfunflu ePsf 5g\ eg] s/]G6s} sf/0f w]/} dflg;x?3fO{t] ePsf] eGg] xNnf klg cfO/x]sf] 5 . alQsf]cefjdf ;a}lt/ cGof]n / c;'/Iffsf] jftfj/0f 5fPsf]5 . cFWof/f ]n ] ubf { p4f/ sfo{df sl7gfO {kl//x]sf] 5 . sltko 7fpFdf df]6/ :6f6{ u/]/df]6/sf] aQLsf] e/df sfd e}/x]sf] 5 . h]g]/]6/ePsf 7fpFdf h]g]/]6/ ;+rfng ul/Psf 5g\ . sltko7fpFdf ePsf h]g]/6/x? klg rn]gg\ . s]xL klggePsf 7fpFdf 6r{ nfO{6, d}g6f]n, nfn6]g, 6'sL, d}gaQL cflb afn]/ klg lah'nLsf] cefj d]6\g] k|of;e}/x]sf] 5 . t/ k;nx? ;a} aGb ePsfn] Aof6«L,d}gaQL, dl§t]n pknAw x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

u[lx0fLx? afnjRrfx?sf nflu vfgfsf]hf]/hfd ug{ nfu] . t/ eTs]sf] 3/df efG5fsf] cQf]kQf]5}g . 7"nf] Iflt gePsf] 3/df klg ksfpg] vfBfGg /efF8fsF'8f oyfl:yltdf geO{ 9n]sf, kf]lvPsf 5g\ .To;}n] u[lx0fLx? s] ug]{, s] gug]{ egL cndndfk/]sf 5g\ . vfg]kfgLsf] xfxfsf/n] htftt} csf]{hl6n ;d:of v8f ul/lbPsf] 5 . vfg]kfgLsf kfO{kx?km'6]sf / kfOksf hf]gL{x? e"O{+rfnf]sf] wSsfaf6 v':s]sf]sf/0fn] zx/sf clwsf+z 7fpFsf wf/fx?df kfgL cfpg;s]sf] 5}g . t/ af6f]df kfgL 5tf5'Nn e}/x]sf] 5 .3/sf] 5fgfdf /flvPsf 6\ofÍ Lx? v;]/ ;a} kfgLkf]lvPsf]n] Tof] 6ofFÍ Lsf] kfgL cy{xLg x'g k'u]sf] 5 .3/d'lg e"ldut kfgL 6\ofÍ L (UndergroundWater Tank) ePsf 7fpFdf eg] kfgLsf] Tolt 7"nf];d:of k/]sf] 5}g . snwf/fdf kfgL gcfPsf]n]dflg;x? glhssf] 9+'u]wf/fdf le8 nfu]sf 5g\ .o:tf] 9'+u]wf/f gePsf / eP/ klg kfgL cfpg aGbe};s]sf 7fpFsf dflg;x? kfgLs} nflu a9L lrlGtte}/x]sf 5g\ . lah'nLsf] lasNk nfn6]g, 6r{nfO6cflb ePklg kfgLsf] lasNk s]xL gePsf]n] of] ;d:oflgs} hl6n ePsf] 5 . pkTosfsf] u|fdL0f Onfsflt/

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;fdu|Lsf] cefjdf /]l8of]sf sfo{qmd ;+rfnsx?cNdln/x]sf 5g\ . sxfF slt Iflt eof] To;sf]ljj/0f ;+sng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;a}lt/ cg'dfg /cfz+sfsf s'/fx?dfq eO{/x]sf 5g\ . 3/ leqk'l/Psf dflg;x?sf] p4f/ ug]{, 3fO{t]x?nfO{ c:ktfnk'¥ofpg] / kLl8t kl/jf/x?nfO{ a;f]af; u/fpg] sfo{g} oltv]/ a9L dxTjk"0f{ e}/x]sf]n] klg Ifltsf]ljj/0f ;+sng ug]{ sfo{n] k|fyldstf kfpg ;s]sf]5}g . g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] k"mnrf]sL 6fj/ Ifltu|:tePsf] / sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ljB't ljt/0f cj?4ePsf]n] cfh g]kfn 6]lnlehgn] cfk\mgf] k|zf/0f ;]jf;+rfng ug{ ;s]g . o:t} cGwsf/, cGof}n / cft+ssf]l:yltdf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfjf;Lx?n] ef]lnsf] laxfgLsf]k|ltIff ub}{ lr;f] /ft latfP =========== ====.

n8b}– k8\b} efO{rf h;f] t;f] cf gf] 6f]ndfk'Ub5 . 6f]naf6 pm cf gf] 3/ ePsf] 7fpFlt/nfU5 . t/ p;n] cf gf] 3/ km]nf kfg{ ;Sb}g . aNn tNn3/sf] d"n 9f]sfdf k'U5 . x]bf{ t p:sf] 3/ elTs;s]sf]/x]5 . pm ?Fb}+, s/fpFb} 3/ leq k:gvf]H5 . t/ 9f]sf k'l/Psf] 5 . pm af,dfF egL lrRofpFb} otfptL bf}l8G5 .t/ efO{rfn] ;a}lt/ To:t} b[Zob]V5 . p;n] cf gf] af, cfdf, kTgL,5f]/f, 5f]/Laf/] e]6] hlt ;a}dflg;x?nfO{ ;f]W5 t/ s;}n] klgatfpg ;Sb}g . pgLx? klg pm h:t}?Fb} s/fpFb} bf}l8/x]sf 5g\ .

pm af, cfdf, kTgL v]t lt/xf]nfg\ ls egL bf}8\b} v]tdf k'U5 .t/ v]tdf p;n] cfdf, 6f9faf6cfPsL km'k" / c? l5d]sLx?nfO{ dfqe]65 . cfdfnfO{ e]6bf pm s]xLcf:j:t x'G5 . ?3f vf]sL nfu]sf]n]st} guO{ afa' 3/d} a;]sf], p:sL kTgL/ 5f]/L ;;'/fnLd} ePsf] / 5f]/f] :s'nuPsf] af/] p:sL cfdfn] hfgsf/LlblG5g\ . To;kl5 efOrfn] ;DemG5– cfh a]n'sL ;;'/fnL uP/ kTgL /5f]/LnfO{ Nofpg] p;sf] sfo{qmd lyof] . cfdf / k'mk"nfO{v]td} a:g', cGoq ghfg' eg]/ pm ;;'/fnL tkm{ bf}8G5 .;;'/fnL hfg] af6f]df p:sf] 5f]/fsf] :s'n kg]{ ePsf]n] pm5f]/fnfO{ lng :s'ndf k:5 . t/ :s'nsf] xfnt b]Vbf pmemg lax\jn x'G5 . :s'n ejg cfwf elTsPsf], ljBfyL{x?/f]O/x]sf, lzIfsx? cflQ/x]sf, s]xL cleefjsx? s/fO/x]sf p;n] kfpF5 . p;n] cf gf] 5f]/fsf] af/]df ;f]wvf]hu5{ . s]xL a]/;Dd p;nfO{ 5f]/f] af/] yfxf kfpg ufx|f] k5{ .aNn aNn p;s} 6]fnsf c? s]6fx?af6 p;n] 5f]/fsf]af/]df yfxf kfpF5 . e"O{+rfnf] cfPsf] yfxf kfP kl5 :s'nsf]af/bnLaf6 xfDkmfn]/ efUg vf]Hbf p:sf] 5f]/fsf] Pp6f v'6\6fefFlrPsf] /x]5 . p;nfO{ af]s]/ :s'n k5f8Lsf] v'nf 7fpFdf/flvPsf] /x]5 . ToxfF pm h:t} c? 3fO{t]x? klg /x]5g\ .cf gf] afa'nfO{ b]v] kl5 pm ?g yfNof], 5f]/fsf] xfnt b]v]/efO{rf klg ?g yfNof] . kTgL / 5f]/LnfO{ lng ;;'/fnLlt/ bf}l8Psf] efO{rf 5f]/fsf] xfnt b]v]kl5 s] ug]{ s;f]ug]{ eg]/ 56\k6fpg yfNof] . oltv]/ 5f]/fnfO{ hlt ;Sof]

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5f]/fnfO{ g} c:ktfn k'/\ofpg] lg0f{ou/\of] . t/ c:ktfn s;/Lk'/\ofpg] < af6f] lalu|Psf], y'lgPsf]n]s'g} df]6/ rn]sf] 5}g . o:tf]cj:yfdf PDj'n]G; cfpnf eGg]cfzf ug'{ klg Joy{ 5 . To;}n] p;n]5f]/fnfO{ cfkm}n] af]s]/ c:ktfnk'/\ofpg] c7f]6 u/\of] .7fpF – 7fpFdf la;fpFb} efO{rfn]5f]/fnfO{ aNn aNn c:ktfnk'/\ofof] . t/ c:ktfnsf] cj:yfemg gfh's 5 . 3fO{t] / ltgsfcfkmGtx?sf] le8 5, 8fS6/x? sd5g\ . To;}n] ;a} 3fO{t]n] tTsfnpkrf/ kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o;n]ubf{ 8fS6/ / 3fO{t]sf cfkmGtx?aLr egfeg\ klg eO{/x]sf] 5 .c:ktfn k'u]sf] s/La tLg 306f kl5aNn Ps 8fS6/ cfO{ efO{rfsf]

5f]/fnfO{ x]/]/ k|fylds pkrf/ ul/lbP . p;sf] v'6\6fsf]PS;– /] ug'{ h?/L ePsf] 5 . t/ PS;– /] ug]{ 7fpFdf 7"nf]le8 5 . ljB't lat/0f aGb ePsf]n] h]g]/]6/ rnfO{PS;– /] ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . PS;– /] ug]{ k|fljlws :jo+cf gf] 3/ kl/jf/sf] cj:yf k|lt lrlGtt b]lvG5g\ .6]lnkmf]gaf6 xfn va/ a'emg vf]H5g\ t/ clwsf+z 7fpFdf6]lnkmf]g rn]sf] 5}g . To;}n] pgLx? lrlGtt, xtf;,cfqmf]l;t ePsf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ PS;– /] ug]{ sfddf klgck]lIft tbf?stf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . c:ktfnsf c?zfvfx?df klg oxL xfnt 5 .

efO{rf cf gf] 5f]/fsf] PS;– /] ug]{ kfnf] kv]{/al;/x]sf] 5 . lrGtf, ysfO{, ef]s, hf8f] cflb ;a}n] c?nfO{h:t} efO{rfnfO{ klg RofKb} NofPsf] 5 . p;n] cfh;;'/fnL k'Ug' ;Dej b]v]g . To;}n] p:sL kTgL / 5f]/L;s'zn /x'g\ egL eujfg;+u dgdg} k'sf/f ub}{ 5f]/fsf]pkrf/sf] nflu efO{rf c:ktfnd} cfhsf] /ft latfpg]lg0f{o ub{5 .

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laxfg lem;ld;]d} ;a} h;f] v'nf 7fpFdfhDdf x'g yfn] . uP /flt k6s k6s ;–;fgfe"O{+rfnf]sf wSsf ;a}n] dx;'; u/] . To;}n] ubf{ ; –;fgf s]6fs]6L nufot sf]xL klg lglZrGt eP/lgbfpg ;s]gg\, emg ;a} eolet eO{ /x] . lxhf]sf]7"nf] e"sDkn] s]xL dfq Iflt k'¥ofPsf 3/x?nfO{/fltsf] yk wSsfx?n] k"/} eTsfOlbPsf] 5 .

p4f/ sfo{

e"O{+rfnf]n] eTs]sf 3/, sfo{fno, ljBfnocflbaf6 3fO{t]x?nfO{ p4f/ ug]{ / d/]sf AolQmx?sf]nfz lemSg] sfo{ tLa| ultdf e}/x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflusf7df8f}+ pkTosf leq /x]sf ;]gf, k|x/L / g]kfn/]8qm; ;f];fO{6L nufot cGo ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf :jo+;]js o'jfx?nfO{ kl/rfng ul/Psf] 5 . elTsPsf3/x? leq kfgL, OF6f, 9'+uf, df6f] kG5fP/ ;f+; afFsL/x]sf jf nfz alg;s]sf dflg;x? vf]Hg' ;fFRr}hf]lvdk"0f{ sfo{ 5 . sf]xL 3fOt]x?nfO{ lgsfnL tTsfnc:ktfn k'¥ofpg] Joj:yfdf nfu]sf 5g\ . sf]xL nfzsf];gfvt u/fpg] k|aGwdf h'6]sf 5g\ . 7fpF 7fpFdf3/ elTsP/ y'lk|Psf O{+6, 9'+uf cflb kG5fP/ af6f]v'nfpg klg ;]gf / k|x/L h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf O{+6,9'+ufsf y'k|f] kG5fpg] 8f]h/x? af6f] / k'nx? sxL+elTsPsf, sxL+ efl:;Psfn] ;a} lt/ kl/rfng ug{;lsPsf 5}gg\ . zx/ leqsf ;fF3'/f uNnL leq oL8f]h/x? k:g g;s]sfn] uNnLx?df of] sfd xft}n]ug'{ kbf{ sl7g eO/x]sf] 5 .

p4f/ sfo{df ;+nUg lgsfox?sf] ;dGjo /kl/rfng pko'Qm ?kdf x'g g;s]sf] dx;'; eO/x]sf]5 . o;n] ubf{ s'g} 7fpFdf ;]gf, k|x/L, /]8qm;, o'jf:jo+ ;]js, :yfgLo jfl;Gbf ;a} hgf Pslqt ePsf5g\ eg] st} p4f/sf] nflu kof{Kt hg zlQm gk'u]/b'O{ rf/ hgf dfq df6f], OF6f vf]l;|g nfu]sfb]lvG5g\ . sxL+ t Tolt klg 5}gg\ . o:tf] a]nfdfs;/L sfd ug'{ k5{ eGg] 1fgsf] cefj ;a}lt/v6\lsPsf] 5 .

e"O{+rfnf]sf] wSsfn] tn b]lv dfly;Ddrls{Psf, Ps kfvf] k"/} elTsPsf, efl:;Psf,9lNsPsf 3/x? k|;:t 5g\. t/ To:tf 3/ leq k:g'plrt x'G5 ls x'Fb}g eg]/ lgSof}{n ug]{ s'g} cflwsf–l/s lgsfo 5}g . o;n] ubf{ klg p4f/ sfo{df afwfkl//x]sf] 5 . s:tf] cj:yfdf /x]sf 3/ leq k:g'hf]lvdk"0f{ x'G5 eGg] yfxf gx'Fbf p4f/ ug{ uPsfdflg;x?g} k'l/Psf 36gfx?n] ubf{ 3/ leq k;]/p4f/ sfo{ ug{df s]xL :jo+ ;]jsx? lxlRsrfO/x]sfklg b]lvG5g\ .

;dGjo / Joj:yfkgsf] cefjn] ubf{ p4f/sfo{df h'l6/x]sf hgzlQmnfO{ kfn} kfnf] la>fd ug{lbg], vfgf lkgfsf] Joj:yf ug]{ cflb sfo{df sdLsdhf]/L b]lvPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ dWofGx kl5 p4f/sfo{df s]xL lzlyntf cfPsf] 5 .

c:ktfn

e"O{+rfnf]n] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf leqsfc:ktfnx?nfO{ gfh's l:yltdf k'¥ofOlbPsf]5 . laleGg :yfgaf6 cfPsf 3fOt]x? c:ktfndfcf]O/f] nflu/x]sf 5g\ . c:ktfnsf sltko 8fS6/,g;{ / :jf:Yo sd{rf/Lx? :jo+ klg 3fOt] cj:yfdf5g\ . 3fOt] x'gaf6 ar]sfx? lxhf] lbpF;f] b]lv lagfcf/fd / clnslt vfgfsf] e/df nuftf/ sfdul//x]sf 5g\ . sltko c:ktfn ejgx? eTs]sf,rs]{sf 5g\ eg] clwsf+z c:ktfn leq /x]sf ;fdfgx?Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\ . o:tf] l:yltdf pkrf/ ;]jfk|bfg ug{ c:ktfnx?nfO{ Hofb} sl7gfO{ kl//x]sf]5 .

ef]ln kN6

e"sDk cfO{ ;s]kl5 cfk"m jfc?nfO{ PDa'n]G; cfudgdfs'g} afwf gk'uf];\ elg v'nftyf ;'/lIft :yfgdf a:g

nufpg'xf];\ / 3fO{t] ePsfnfO{;Sbf] ;xof]u / ;'lawf

lbg'xf];\ .

&

v'6\6fdf Knf:6/ nufPsf]5f]/fnfO{ af]s]/ efO{rf aNn aNn laxfgcf gf] 6f]ndf cfO{ k'Uof] .

lxhf] 3/ eTs]sf] s'/f p;n]5f]/fnfO{ eg]sf] lyPg\ .lxhf] laxfg :s'n hfg'cl3 p;n] cf gf] sf]7fsf]‰ ofndf aflx/}af6 b]lvg]u/L p;nfO{ dg kg]{k'm6an v]nf8Lsf] /+lugt:jL/ 6fF;]sf] lyof] . t/ToxL 3/ cfh Wj:tePsf] b]Vbf p;sf]5f]/fn] dg yfKg ;s]g.p;nfO{ of] ;kgf xf] lslakgf xf] 5'6'ofpg ufx|f]ef] . cf gf] 5]pd} 6f]nfP/a;]sL xh'/ cfdfsf]kml/ofs]f ;Ksf] ;dft]/pm 3+'Ss 3'+Ss ug{ yfNof]. gftL /f]Psf] b]v]/ pgsf]dgdf klg eSsfgf]k'm6\of] . olQs}df efO{rfsf];fnf] bf}8b}+ x:of8=–km:of8=ub}{ cfO{ k'Uof] . efO{rfn]p;nfO{ b]Vg] lalQs} cf gL kTgL / ;fgL5f]/Lsf] af/]df ;f]Wof] . t/ p;sf] ;fnf]s]xL af]Ng ;s]g . pm wfO{t] dflg; tkm{x]/]/ ?g nfUof] . efO{rfn] w]/} s/ u/] kl5p;n] cf gL lbbL, ;fgL ef~hL / cf gf]kl/jf/sf] af/]df ?b}+ cToGt b'Mvb;dfrf/ ;'gfof] . lxhf] lbpF;f] e"O{++rfnf]cfpFbf efUbf efUb} af/bnL v;]/ ;Vt3fO{t] ePsL efO{rfsL kTgLsf] lxhf]

efO{rfn] af]Ng 5f8]sf] 5 ===============/flt d[To' eP5 . e"O{+rfn]f cfpFbf e'O{+tNnfsf] sf]7fdf ;'lt/x]sL p;sL ;fgL5f]/L ;+of]ua; afFrL5 . efO{rfsf] ;;'/ft klxn] g} lalt;s]sf] lyof] . ;f;"nfO{

klg of] e"O{+rfnf]n]nu]5 . cf gL kTgLo;/L crfgsla5l8Psf] / clGtda]nfdf p;sf]d'v;Dd x]g{ gkfPsf]efO{rfn] ;fnf]af6 of]va/ kfP kl55f]/f]nfO{ c+ufnf] xfNb}?g yfNof] . s]xL a]/kl5 p;nfO{ c?dflg;x? cfO{;Demfpg yfn] .pgLx?n] of] ljof]up;nfO{ dfq xf]Og c?w]/}nfO{ k/]sf] 5 eg]/;DemfP . p;sf] afa'clxn];Dd sxfF 5, s'gxfntdf 5 eGg] yfxf5}g\ . tL dflg;x?n]p;nfO{ afa'sf] vf]hL

ug{df hf]8 lbP . cfFvfsf] cfFz' cfFv}df/fvL pm afa'sf] vf]hL ug{ tlD;of] .p;sL cfdfn] lxh} /flt w]/} 7fpFdfrfxf/]/ cf gf] kltsf] vf]hL u/]sL lyOg\t/ st} ;+s]t kfOPsf] lyPg . 3/elTsP/ ToxL+ k'l/Psf] xf] ls eGg] cfz+sfalnof] x'Fb} uPsf] lyof] . pm PSn}n] eTs]sf]3/df afa'sf] vf]h tnf; ug{ ;DejlyPg . To;}n] d2tsf] nflu dflg;x?

e"sDkLo

kl/b[Zo

e"O{+rfnf]n] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf s]xL 7"nfc:ktfnsf ejgx?df vf; 7"nf] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] 5}g .7fpF 7fpFdf uf/f] clnslt rs]{sf] b]lvG5 . o;n]ubf{ oL c:ktfnx?sf] pkrf/ ;]jfdf afwf k/]sf]5}g . t/ s]xL c:ktfnsf] k'/fgf] ejg a9L Ifltu|:tePsf] 5 . o;/L c:ktfn ejg elTs+bf s]xLlj/fdLx?sf] ToxL+ lslrP/ d[To' ;d]t ePsf]5 .

kf6g c:ktfn / ;}lgs c:ktfndfe"O{+rfnf]sf] wSsf dx;'; x'gf;fy ;+s6sfnLg ;+s]tw'g -;fO/g_ ahfOPsf] / a]nf a]nfdf ug]{ ul/Psf];+s6sfnLg cEof; ( Emergency Drill ) cg';f/;a} ;hu eO{ ;'/lIft :yfgtkm{ uPsf]n] To:tf] uDeL/Iflt x'g kfPg .

c? c:ktfnx?sf ejgx? 7fpF 7fpFdfrs]{sf] 5 . e"O{+rfnf]sf] wSsf dx;'; x'gf;fy cflQP/htftt} efUg vf]Hbf sltko lj/fdL, lj/fdLx?sfcfkmGt / c:ktfnsf sd{rf/Lx? n8]/ / lslrP/

3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . blIf0ftkm{sf] d'n 9f]sf aGb/x]sf]n] lxhf] e"sDksf] a]nf jL/ c:ktfnaf6 efUgvf]Hg]x?nfO{ w]/} c;'ljwf ePsf] lyof] . 3fO{t]x? Nofpg;lhnf] xf];\ elg cfh aNn of] 9f]sf vf]lnPsf] 5 .

s'g} c:ktfnsf] sd{rf/L cfjf; ejgg/fd|/L eTs]sf] 5 . t/ lbpF;f]sf] ;dodf e"O{+rfnf]cfPsf]n] To;df sf]xL lslrg jf k'l/g kfPg .

vf]nf glhs /x]sf c:ktfn ejgx? s]xLnRs]sf 5g\ . c:ktfn xftf leq 7fpF 7fpFdf kfgL /afn'jf lg:s]sf] 5 . ToxfF klg cflQP/ aflx/ lg:sgvf]Hbf s]xL dflg; g/fd|/L 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .

;a} c:ktfnx?df vfg]kfgL, lah'nL /6]lnkmf]g ;]jf cj?4 5g\ . kf6g c:ktfn / ;}lgsc:ktfnn] cfˆg} hu]8f Joj:yfaf6 vfg]kfgLsf] /h]g/]6/af6 lah'nLsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . c?c:ktfnx?df o;/L e/kbf]{ j}slNks Joj:yf x'g;s]sf] 5}g .

cfk\mgf] xftf leq v'nf 7fpF ePsf c:ktfnx?-;}lgs, eStk'/, lzIf0f, k|x/L cflb_ df kfnxfn]/ 3fOt] la/fdLx?nfO{ 6gf6g /flv/x]sf]5 t/ tL ;a}sf nflu cfjZostfg';f/ cf]9\g],cf]5\ofpg], lrlsT;s, :jf:YosdL{, cf}iflw cflbk'¥ofpg wf} wf} kl//x]sf] 5 .

e"O{ +rfnf]sf] hf]8bf/ wSsfaf6 ;a}h;f]c:ktfndf /x]sf cf}iflwsf b/fh nufot w]/};fdfgx? 9n]/ jf v;]/ gf]S;fg ePsf 5g\ .To;}n] ubf{ klg cf}iflw / lrlsT;f pks/0fx?sf]cefj eO/x]sf] 5 . ljz]if u/L clS;hg, /ut,Knf:6/, PS;/] cflbsf] htftt} cefj dx;';eO/x]sf] 5 .

af6f]sf ] l:ylt

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf sRrL kSsL;a}h;f] af6f]df e"O{+rfnf]n] c;/ kf/]sf] 5 .sf]6]Zj/ b]lv sLlt{k'/ ;Dd hfg] ;8s w]/} 7fpFdfrs]{sf] / 7fpF 7fpFdf vf8n ;d]t k/]sf]n]cfjfudg aGb 5 .

6'Fl8v]n jl/k/Lsf] ;8s klg 7fpF 7fpFdfrs]{sf] 5 . rs]{sf] 7fpFaf6 afn'jf / kfgLlgl:sPsf] b]lvG5 . To;n] ubf{ ;jf/L rnfpgck7\of/f] ePsf] 5 . ;fy} 6F'l8v]n j/k/sf]?vsf xf+ufx? ef+lRrP/ af6f] cj?4 ePsf]5 . o:t} eb|sfnL b]lv l;+xb/jf/;Ddsf] ;8sklg efl:;Psf]n] ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg g;lsg]ePsf] 5 . ;8sdf htftt} kfgL pDn]/ cfPsf],

e"sDk kms{g ;S5 . k6sk6s kms{g] e"sDkn] ykIflt k'/\ofpF5 . To;}n] 3/jf eTs]/ lsRg ;Sg] a:t'

b]lv 6f9f /xg'xf];\ .

* sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf s]xL ;8sx?df x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt Iflt

e"sDkLo

kl/b[Zo

afn'jf lg:s]sf] / vfN8f] k/]sf] b]lvG5 .

e"sDkn] k'nx?nfO{ k|ToIf c;/ kf/]sf]5 . k'/fgf] af6f]af6 ;fgf] l7dL hfg] af6f]df /x]sf]dgf]x/fsf] k'n k"/} eTs]sf] 5 eg] gofF af6f]tkm{sf]dgf]x/f k'nklg cf+lzs ?kdf Iflt ePsf] 5. nlntk'/tkm{ hfg] yfkfynLsf] k'/fgf] k'n nRs]sf] x'gfn];jf/L ;fwgx?nfO{ lgif]w u/L dflg;x?nfO{ dfq lx+8\glbOPsf] 5 . yfkfynLsf] gofF k'ndf ;jf/Lsf] rfka9\g ;Sg] ePsf]n] PDa'n]G;, bdsn, ;]gf, k|x/L,k|zf;g, ;+rf/ dfWod / p4f/ bnsf ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{dfq cfjfudg ug{ lbOPsf] 5 .

o;}u/L sf]6]Zj/af6 kf6gtkm{ hfg]rqmkysf] k'n, l;gfd+unsf] k'n, afnfh'sf] k'n, n'e'hfg] k'n / u'x]Zj/L hfg] uf}/L 3f6sf] k'n k"/} eTs]sf]n];jf/L cfjt hfjt aGb 5 . uf]s0f{ hfg] k'n cf+lzs?kdf Iflt ePsf] 5 . ldg ejg tn tLgs'g]glhssf] jfUdtL k'n / ;8ssf] hf]gL{df efl:;Psf]5 .

vfg]kfgL

3/ 3/df vfg]kfgLsf] xfxfsf/ k/]sf] 5eg] kfO{k k'm6]/ ;8sdf kfgL 5tf5'Nn eO{/x]sf]] 5 .3/sf] 5tdf 6\ofª \sL x'g]x?sf] klg clwsf+z 6\ofª \sLv;]sf] jf v:g] l:yltdf k'u]sf] 5 . To;}n] hu]8fkfgL s;};+u klg 5}g . eQmk'/sf l/hEjf{P/ / l6«6d]G6KnfG6 Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\ . o;af6 sfd lng slDtdfPs dlxgf nfUg] s'/f vfg]kfgLsf k|fljlwsx?atfpF5g\ . To;}n] eQmk'/ gu/af;Lx? 7fpF 7fpFsf9'+u] wf/fdf 3'O+{rf] nfUg k'u]sf 5g\ .

o;}u/L gSv'sf] klDkË :6]zg klg k"/}Ifltu|:t ePsf] 5 . af}4 dxfFsfn / afnfh'sf] klDkª:6]zgnfO{ klg e"sDkn] c;/ kf/]sf] 5 . laB'tcfk"lt{ aGb ePsfn] oL klDkª :6]zgx? ;+rfng ug]{k|of; klg ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . e"sDksf] sf/0fsf7df8f}+sf] pQ/L e]usf hn e08f/x? rs]{/ kfgLr'lxgfn] csf]{ ;d:of ylkPsf] 5 . kfgLsf O{gf/x?w]/} eTs]sf 5g\ . sf7df8f}+sf 9'+u] wf/fx?af6 z'?dfkfgL wldnf] cfPsf] lyof] . kl5 s]xL ;kmf kfgLcfPsf]n] 9'+u] wf/fdf w]/} 7"nf] 3'O{+rf] nfu]sf] 5. sxL+sxL+ klxnf ;'ls;s]sf 9'+u] wf/fdf klg clxn] kfgLcfpg yfn]sf] 5 . ;'Gwf/fdf z'?df s]xL wldnf]kfgL cfP klg kl5 ;kmf kfgL cfPsf]n] 6]axfn,lvrfk]fv/L, gofF+ ;8ssf afl;Gbfx? / lxhf] /fltb]lv 6'+l8v]ndf cf>o lnO/x]sfx? clxn] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf;'Gwf/fdf nfd nfUg k'u]sf 5g\ .

g]kfn vfg] kfgL ;+:yfg / lghL If]qsf

6\o+fs/ ;]jfx? clxn] lgl:qmo /x]sf 5g\ . 7fpF 7fpFdfaf6f] / k'n elTsPsf]n] kfgLsf] d'xfg;Dd k'u]/ kfgLNofO{ ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf clxn] pgLx?5}gg\ . lxhf] /flt b]lvg} v'nf 7fpFx?df cf>o lnO–/x]sfx?sf nflu klg clxn] ;a} eGbf 7"nf] ;d:ofkfgLs} ePsf] 5 .

ljB't

lxhf] e"O+{rfnf] hfg] lalQs} sf7df8f}+sfclwsf+z :yfgdf aGb ePsf] ljB't cfk"lt{ cem;Dd;+rfng ePsf] 5}g . e"O{+rfnf]sf] sf/0f sltko 7fpFdfljB't lat/0f k|0ffnL Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\ .

e"O{+rfnf]sf] sf/0f eQmk'/ / nugv]nsf ;a:6]zg k"/} Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\ eg] sf7df8f}+sf ;a:6]zgx?nfO{ klg c;/ k/]sf] 5 . zx/L If]q /u|fdL0f If]qdf lah'nLsf w]/} vDafx? 9n]sf 5g\, sxL+af+luPsf 5g\ . tf/x? l5g]/ af6f]df nlqPsf 5g\ .s}of+} 7fpFdf 6«fG;kmd{/x? vDafaf6 e"O{+df v;]sf5g\ eg] sxL+ emf]lNnPsf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ sltko7fpFdf s/]G6 ;6{ eP/ cfunfuL ePsf] / s/]G6nfuL dflg;x?sf] d[To' ;d]t ePsf]n] c? ;Defljtb'3{6gfnfO{ /f]Sg g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn] g} sf7df8f}+pkTosf leq ljB't ljt/0f aGb ul/lbPsf] 5 .

;g\ !((! df sf]:6fl/sfdf e"sDk hfFbf hdLgaf6 df6f], afn'jf, kfgL aflx/lg:s+bf ToxfFsf] ;8snfO{ k'u]sf] Iflt . olb 7"nf] e"sDk cfPdf sf7df8f}+

pkTosfdf klg o:tf] Iflt x'g ;Sb5 .;fef/M O{= O{= cf/= cfO{=

e"O{++ tNnfdf s]xL kfgLhu]8f /fVof] eg] kfgLsf]xfxfsf/ ePsf] a]nfdf 7"nf]

sfd lbG5 .

(

e"sDkLo

kl/b[Zo

5 . kl/kSj JolStx? t h;f]t;f] cfkm\gf] ef]svlk/x]sf 5g\ . ef ]s vKg g;sL /f ]O/x]sfs]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ kmsfpg] s'g} pkfo 5}g . ljB'tsf]cefjdf b"Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg / cGo lghL b"Uw Joj;foLsDkgLx?n] b"w pTkfbg ug{ ;s]gg\ . hu]8fdf ePsf]s]xL b"w klg af6f] / k"n elTsPsf]n] ljt/0f x'g;s]gg\ . cfjZostfsf] bfFhf]df hu]8f b"w w]/} sddfqfdf ePsf]n] laqmL ljt/0f ubf{ emu8f jf b+ufx'g ;Sg] 8/n] ubf{ klg ;fj{hlgs ?kdf b"w laqmLul/Pg . oxL df}sf 5f]k]/ s]xL JolStx?n] b"w pTkfbssDkgLx?af6 b"w NofO{ a9L d"Nodf a]lr/x]sf 5g\ .Ro"/f, bfndf]7, nfvfd/L, rfpm rfpm h:tftof/L vfg ]s '/fx?sf ] dfu cTolws a9]sf ]5 . o:tf vfg]s'/f 3/df hu]8f ePsf kl/jf/nfO{s]xL ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .

sf7df8f|+}sf] d'Vo ahf/ ef]6flx6L, c;g,OGb|rf]s, If]qkf6L cflbsf k|foM ;a} h;f] 3/–k;nIfltu|:t ePsfn] oxfFsf s'g}klg k;n v'n]sf 5}gg\ .o; afx]s cGoq klg k;n /x]sf] 3/ eTs]sf 7fpFdfk;n v'n]sf 5}gg\ . 3/ geTs]sf k;nx?df klg;fdfg n'l6g] cfz+sfn] Jofkf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf] k;nvf]Ng] cfF6 ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . s]xL Jofkf/Lx?n] s;}n]gb]Vg] u/L ;'6'Ss a9L d"No lnO{ ;fdfg a]lr/x]sf5g\ . pkTosf leqsf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox?,gu/kflnsfx? / g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgsf l8kf]x?sf];+o'Qm k|of;af6 7fpF 7fpFdf vfBfGg laqmL lat/0fug]{ Joj:yf x'g] ePsf] 5 . t/ of] Joj:yf z'?x'gl9nfO{ ePsf]n] vfg]s'/fsf] cefjdf 56\k6fO{ /x]sfe"sDk kLl8tx? cw}o{ eO{/x]sf 5g\.

cfd ;+rf/ dfWod

ljB't cfk"lt{ aGb ePsf]n] / ;a} lt/ Iflt/ cJoj:yf ePsf]n] cfh s'g} klg kq klqsf k|sflztx'g ;s]gg\ . 3/ eTs]sf] sf/0f sltko 5fkfvfgfnfO{klg c;/ k/]sf] 5 . lxhf] lbpF;f] e"O{+rfnf] hfFbfljleGg :yfgdf sfo{/t kqsf/x? dWo] s]xL 3fOt]klg ePsf 5g\ . ;'/lIft /x]sf kqsf/x? e"sDksf]c;/sf] hfgsf/L ;+sng ug]{ / kmf]6f] lvRg] sfddfJo:t 5g\ . ljB't cfk"lt{ x'g g;s]sf] / k"mnrf]sLl:yt :6]zgdf klg e"sDksf] s]xL c;/ k/]sf]n] g]kfn6]lnlehgn] cfkm\gf] k|;f/0f ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ ;s]sf]5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf /]l8of] dfq cfd ;+rf/sf]dfWod eO/x]sf] 5 . Aof6«|Laf6 ahfpg ;lsg] /]l8of]/ ;fgf 6«flGh:6/x? Jofks ?kdf k|of]u eO–/x]sf 5g\ . xftdf ;fgf] 6«flGh:6/ lnPsf dflg;x?htftt} b]lvG5g\ . /]l8of] g]kfnn] cfkmgf] k|;f/0f;do 5f]6\ofPsf] 5, t/ e"sDk ;DaGwL ljleGg

6]lnkm ]fg

e"O{+rfnf]sf] sf/0f 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf klg cj?4ePsf] 5 . g]kfn b"/ ;+rf/ ;+:yfgsf] ;'Gwf/f PS;r]Gh/ rfalxn PS;r]Ghdf Iflt k'u]sf] 5 . t/ ToxfFdd{t ug{ ;lsG5 . uf]+uaF' PS;r]Ghdf eg] a9LuDeL/ c;/ k/]sf] 5 . afnfh', gofF ahf/, ;fdfv'zL,yfkfynL, gofF ;8s, lqk'/]Zj/, gofF afg]Zj/, sf]6]Zj/l;gfd+un cflb :yfgsf clwsfFz 6]lnkmf]g sfd gnfUg]ePsf 5g\ . sltko 7fpFdf lah'nLsf] gf+uf] tf/;+u6]lnkmf ]gsf tf/ h]lnPsf 5g\ . 6]lnkmf ]gsfSoflag]6x?df klg e"O+{rfnf]sf] k|efj k/]sf] 5 . lxhf]e"O{+rfnf] uPsf] nuQ} aGb ePsf 6]lnkmf]g nfOgx?nfO{cfh s]xL dfqfdf dd{t ul/Psf] 5 . sfd lbO/x]sf6]lnkmf]gx? k|foM ;a} Jo:t /x]sf 5g\ . ;]gf /k|x/Ln] cfkmgf] jfsL6sLaf6 ;+rf/ ;Dks{ ul//x]sf5g\ . lxhf] cj?4 ePsf] ;]gfsf] cfkmg} 6]lnkmf]gk|0ffnL cfh dd{t u/L ;+rfngdf NofO{Psf] 5.

vfB kbfy{ / ahf/

vfg] kfgL kl5sf] 7"nf] ;d:of ePsf] 5 —vfg]s'/fsf] . 3/ elTs+bf 3/ leq ePsf vfBfGgk'l/Psf 5g\ . clwsf+z ahf/ aGb 5g\ . s]xL lrhkfO{+b}g . st} s]xL kfO xfn] klg efp t]Aa/ eGbf sd5}g . vfg]s'/fsf] cefjdf s]6fs]6Lx?sf] lahf]u ePsf]

h'6fpg tkm{ nfUof] . t/ sf] kfpg' <;a}lt/ To:t} ljof]u / kL8f 5 . aNnaNn lbpF;f]lt/ k|x/L / :jo+ ;]jsx?n]p;sf] elTsPsf] 3/df vf]h tnf; u/Ll;d]G6sf] n7\7f 9n]/ 6fpsf]lslrPsf] cj:yfdf p;sf] afa'sf] nfzkm]nf kf/] . nfz km]nf k/] kl5, p;sL cfdf,5f]/f / k'mk" km]l/ Ps k6s ljof]usf] kL8fn]56k6fpFb} ?g yfn] . t/ o:tf] ah|kftpgLx?nfO{ dfq k/]sf] lyPg . To;}n] cfFz'k'5\g pgLx? klg afWo eP .

;w} ukm ul//xg] / c?nfO{xF;fO{ /xg] efO{rf clxn] nf6f] h:tf] ePsf]5 . pm s]xL af]Nb}g, dfq 6f]nfO{ /xG5 .lxhf] cfPsf] e"sDkn] p;sf] ;j{gfz ul/lbPsf] 5 . p;sf] kl/jf/df hgf lyP,cj $ hgf dfq aFfsL /x] . 5f]/f] ;Vt3fO{t] 5 .

p;n] Ps 6'qm|f hUuf a]r]/ /s]xL k};f ;fk6L lnP/ tLg aif{ cl3 dfqagfPsf] 3/ clxn] Wj:t ePsf] 5 . oltdfq xf]Og ToxL 3/ leq k/]/ p;sf] afa'sf]d[To' ;d]t eof]. p;nfO{ k/]sf] a]nfdf;xof]u ug]{ ;;'/fnL 3/ ;d]t eTs]sf]5 . ;w} xfF;]/ s'/f ug]{, pHofnf] cg'xf/ePsL / c;fWo} hfFul/nL p;sL kTgLe"sDksf] a]nf ToxL 3/df k/]/ d/L . p;sL;f;"nfO{ klg of] k|non] afFsL /fv]g .

afa' / kTgLsf] Ps} k6s

cGTo]i7L ug]{ afWotfdf k/]sf] efO{rfclxn] ;a}lt/af6 ;d:ofn] 3]l/Psf] 5 .

afa'sf] nfz cfFugdf n8fO{/x]sf] 5 . t/ sf]xL u'l7of/x? sxfF va/ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g\ . va/ ug{ hfg] / va/kfP/ cfpg] l:yltdf sf]xL klg 5}gg\ .To;}n] u'l7of/x?nfO{ gkvL{ ;a}sf] ;Nnfxcg';f/ b'O{ tLg hgfsf] d2tn] p;n] klgcf g]f afa'sf] nfznfO{ h;f]t;f] 3f6k'/\ofof] . nfznfO{ cf]8fpg sfqf] kfOPg .cl3 3/ vf]tNbf km]nf k/]sf] tGgfn] g}afa'sf] nfz 5f]k]/ p;n] 3f6df k'/\ofof] .3f6df nfzx? y'lk|Psf 5g\ . nfz hnfpg]bfp/f / 7fpFsf] cefj 5 . cGTo]i7Lsf]sd{sf08 u/fpg k'/f]lxt 5}gg\ . nfzx?sf];fd'lxs bfx ;+:sf/ ug]{ s'/f] rln/x]sf]5 . p;nfO{ of] s'/f klxn] t s;f] s;f]cK7]/f] nfUof] t/ kl5 l:ylt x]bf{ p;nfO{of] l7s} klg nfUof] . ;fd'lxs bfx ;+:sf–/df cf gf] afa'sf] nfznfO{ v/fgLkf/L;s]/ pm kTgLsf] nfznfO{ klgv/fgL kfg{ ;;'/fnL tkm{ nfUof] .

ca efO{rfsf] 3/ 5}g, afa' 5}g,kTgL 5}g . cfdfnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg ;s]sf]5}g\, 3fO{t] 5f]/fsf] /fd|f] x]/ larf/ ug{;s]sf] 5}g\ . ukm u/]/ slxNo} gyfSg]efO{rf clxn] s]xL af]Nb}g, dfq 6]fnfO{/xG5 .

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hfgsf/L / ;"rgfx? af/Daf/ k|;f/0f ul//x]sf] 5 .t/ o:tf] cj:yfdf s:tf] lsl;dsf ;Gb]zx? cfdhgtfnfO{ lbg' k5{ eGg] af/] k"j{ tof/L gePsf]n]/]l8of]sf sfo{qmd ;+rfnsx? cndlnO{/x]sf 5g\ .;a}hgf e"sDk ;DaGwL yk hfgsf/L kfpgrfxG5g\ . To;}n] /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt, /]l8of] g]kfn,\g]kfn 6]lnlehg nufot ljleGg :jb]zL tyf lab]zL;+rf/ dfWodsf ;dfrf/bftfx? e"sDkaf6 pkTosfdfePsf] Iflt af/] hfgsf/L ;+sng ug]{ sfo{df Jo:t5g\ . t/ cfjfudg cj?4 ePsf], 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfgrn]sf] / cflwsfl/s ?kdf kqsf/x?nfO{ hfgsf/Llbg] lgsfox? aLr ;dGjo gePsf]n] l56f] l56f]hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g\ .

o:tf] cj:yfdf /]l8of]af6 dgf]/~hgk"0f{;+fuLlts sfo{qmd k|zf/0f ug{ plrt gx'g] ePsf]n]wfld{s ehgx? / hgdfg;nfO{ ljkbsf] a]nf w}o{wf/0f ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ k|jrgx? k|zf/0f eO{/x]sf5g\ .

bfx ;+:sf/

e"sDkdf k/L d[To' ePsf JolQmx?sf] bfx;+:sf/ ug]{ sfo{ clxn] oxfF Ps 7"nf] ;d:ofsf] ?kdfv8f ePsf] 5 . htftt} nfz b]lvG5g\ t/ nfzp7fpgsf nflu sfqf] ;d]t pknAw 5}g . To;}n]3/df ePsf] tGgf, kbf{ cflb h'g;'s} sk8fnfO{ klgsfqf]sf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/g yfn]sf] 5 . bfx ;+:sf/sf]lalw u/fpg] k'/f]lxtx?sf] cefj 5 . Tof] eGbf klg7"nf] ;d:of nfznfO{ 3f6;Dd k'¥ofO{lbg] dnfdLx?,nfz hnfpg] 7fpF / bfp/fsf] 5 . kz'klt cfo{3f6,sfndf]rg, zf]ef eujtL, OGb|fo0fL, lai0f'dtL, xg'dfg3f6, z+vd"n cflb ;a} 3f6df nfzx?sf] le8 nfu]sf]5 . ;fd'lxs bfx ;+:sf/ u/fpg' cToGt h?/L 5 .t/ To;sf nflu ;DalGwt kl/jf/x? dfgl;s ?kdftof/ 5}gg\ . t} klg s]xL kl/jf/n] l:yltsf] afWotfnfO{b[li6ut u/L ;fd'lxs bfx ;+:sf/ u/fP .

hgdfg;sf] cj:yf

of] k|nosf/L e"sDkn] ubf{ sf7df8f} +pkTosfsf] hgdfg; eofqmfGt ePsf] 5 . e"sDksf]rk]6fdf k/]sf k|To]s kl/jf/df ?jfaf;L eO{/x]sf]5 . s;}nfO{ cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o e"sDkdf k/Ld[To' ePsf] rf]6 5 . s;}nfO{ hLjg e/Lsf] sdfO{nufP/, C0f u/]/ agfPsf] 3/ Ps lgd]ifd} w/f;foLePsf]df c;xØ eO{/x]sf] 5 . sf]xL oL b'a} a]bgfdfk/L ;xg g;s]/ dfgl;s ;Gt'ng u'dfpg] l:yltdf;d]t k'u]sf 5g\ .

ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn] wfld{s tyf k'/ftflTjs

dxTjsf :ynx?nfO{ ;d]t af+sL /fv]sf] 5}g .pkTosfjf;Lx?n] lxhf];Dd x/]s lbg k"hf ug]{,kl/qmdf ug]{ u/]sf sltko dlGb/x? clxn] etfe'ËePsf 5g\ . of] b]v]/ dflg;x?sf] dg} e/Ë ePsf]5 . xfn} hL0ff]{¢ f/ ul/Psf dlGb/ / :df/sx?nfO{eg] w]/} Iflt k'u]sf] 5}g .

clxn] v'nf 7fpFsf] cefj ;a}n] 68\sf/f]dxz'z ul//x]sf 5g\ . zx/L If]q leq kof{Kt v'nf7fFp gxF'bf / ePsf] klg klxn] g} cltqmd0f eO{;s]sfn]of] ljkbsf] a]nf e"sDk kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ c:yfoLa;f]jf; u/fpg, pkrf/ lzlj/ v8f ug{ / cGocfktsfnLg Joa:yfkg sfo{sf] nflu 7"nf] ;d:ofeO{/x]sf] 5 . v'nf 7fpF df;]/ 3/ lgdf{0f ug]{x?oltv]/ g/fd|/L k5'tfO{/x]sf 5g\ .

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfaf;Lx?n] e"sDksf] rf]6vk]sf] Ps xKtf eof] . of] xKtf e/L g} o; pkTosfdfcGof}n, qfz / ljof]usf] jftfj/0f 5fO{ /xof] . cem}klg a]nf a]nfdf xn'sf sDkgsf] cg'ej eO{/x]sf]5 . oL sDkgx?n] yk Iflt k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . df3]em/Ln] emg ;d:of ylklbPsf] 5 .

clxn];Dd ;+slnt k|f/lDes tYofÍ cg';f/e"sDkaf6 o; pkTosf leq s/La #) xhf/ hgfsf]d[To' ePsf] / *) xhf/ hgf eGbf a9L ;Vt 3fO{t]ePsf] s'/f kq klqsf / ;+rf/ dfWodx?n] lbPsf5g\ . t/ sltko dflg;x? Ifltsf] ;+Vof of] eGbfa9L x'g ;Sg] atfpF5g\ . o;}u/L sfd gnfUg] u/Lk"/} Wj:t ePsf 3/x?sf] k|ltzt sf7df8f}+df ^),nlntk'/df ^), eQmk'/df &% / k"/} sf7df8f}+pkTosfdf cf};t ^) k|ltzt /x]sf] cg'dfgul/Psf] 5 . o;/L elTsPsf 3/x?df clwsf+z @tnf eGbf a9L cUnf / s+ls|6 lkn/n] ag]sf 3/x?k/]sf 5g\ . d[To' ePsf / ;Vt 3fO{t] ePsfdflg;x?sf] ;+Vof 7fpF 7fpFsf] k|x/L yfgfdf n]vfpg]Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t/ Ifltsf] ljj/0f ;+sng ug]{j}1flgs t/Lsf yfxf gePsf] sf/0fn] Ifltsf] oyfy{ljj/0f l56f] k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

of] dxfe"sDkn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf aflx/klg lgs} Iflt k'¥ofPsf] va/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . 7fpF+7fpFdf 7"nf] klx/f] uPsf] / af6f] elTsPsf]n] lqe'jg/fhky k"/} aGb ePsf] 5 eg] k[YjL /fhdfu{ /c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ klg laleGg 7fpFdf Ifltu|:t ePsf]5 . o;n] ubf{ aflx/af6 ;fdfg NofO{ pkTosfdfcfk"lt{ ug{df l9nf;':tL eO{/x]sf] 5 . e"sDkn]pkTosf jl/k/Lsf g'jfsf]6, wflbË , sfe|]knf~rf]s,

e"sDk jf c? k|sf]k ePdftTsfn k|of]u ug{ cf g]fkl/jf/sf nflu sDtLdf @$306f ;Dd k'Ug] u/L glau|g]vfg]s'/f, kfgL, cTofjZoscf}iflw, k|fylds pkrf/

;fdfu|L, 6r{ nfO{6, d}g alQ,;nfO{, Aof6«Laf6 rNg] ;fgf]/]l8of] cflb æ ;+s6sfnLg;fdu|LÆ tDtof/ cj:yfdf;a}n] b]Vg] / e]6g] 7fpFdf

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e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ePsf sltkocTofjZos ;]jfx?nfO{ of] Ps xKtf leq dd{t u/Ls]xL dfqfdf sfd rnfpg] / af6f]x?af6 y'k|f] x6fO{af6f] v'nfpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . t/ elTsPsf k'nx?k'gM lgdf{0f eO{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . s]xL kfgL k/]klglxpFbsf] a]nf ePsf]n] vf]nfdf w]/} kfgL 5}g\ . To;}n]c:yfoL Joj:yf u/L vf]nfaf6} cfjt–hfjt ul/Psf]5 . 7fpF 7fpFdf rs]{sf d"n ;8sx?df klg ;fdfGodd{t u/L sfd rnfp ul/Psf] 5 . cTofjZossfddf afx]s ;jf/L ;fwg k|of]u ug{ glbg] gLltckgfO{Psf] 5 . af6f] / k'nx?sf] cj:yf clxn]gfh's ePsfn] laif]z u/L 7"nf df]6/x?nfO{ /f]snufOPsf] 5 . df]6/sf] bfFhf]df ;fO{sn, df]6/ ;fO{sn,l/S;f a9L rln/x]sf 5g\ . ;fj{hlgs oftfoft ;]jfcem} rn]sf] 5}g\ .

vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ k"0f{ ?kdf x'g g;s]klg e"sDk uPsf] ef]ln kN6sf] bfFhf]df clxn] s]xL;'wf/ ePsf] 5 . vf;u/L 6\of+s/x?af6 7fpF 7fpFdfkfgL ljt/0f sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . t/ kof{Kt dfqfdfljt/0f x'g g;s]sf]n] kfgLs} nflu klg sltko 7fpFdf

emu8f ePsf 5g\ . w]/} Iflt gePsf kfO{k nfO{gx?df;fdfGo dd{t u/L s]xL dfqfdf kfgL ljt/0f ul/Ps]f5 . t/ klg pkTosfaf;Lx?n] of] xKtf e/L g'xfpg]/ n'uf w'g] sfd u/]sf 5}gg\ . hf8f]sf] df};d ePsf]n]To;sf] cfjZostf klg Tolt dxz'z ul/Psf] 5}g .lqmofk'qLx?n] klg hf8f] / kfgLsf] cefj b'j} sf/0fn]ubf{ b'O{ du kfgLaf6} cfˆgf] :gfg l;WofO{ /x]sf5g\ .

ljB't cfk"lt{ klg ;a} 7fpFdf k'g:yf{kgeO{ ;s]sf] 5}g\ . t/ s]xL 7fpFdf tf/, vDaf, 6«fG;km–d{/ cflb dd{t u/L ;Dej eP;Dd ljB't ljt/0ful/Psf] 5 . o;/L ljB't ;]jf lb+bf JolQmut 3/x?nfO{ eGbf c:ktfn, p4f/ lzlj/, k|x/L rf}sL,;fj{hlgs :yfg cflbnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{Psf] 5 .pkTosfaf;Lx?n] 6r{nfO{6, d}gaQL, 6'sL, nfnl6gcflbsf] Jofks k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ .

6]lnkmf]g ;]jf klg ;a} 7fpFdf k'gM ;+rfngeO{;s]sf] 5}g\ . t/ cTofjZos ;]jf h:t} c:ktfn,bdsn, k|x/L, ;]gf, ljB't, vfg]kfgL cflbnfO{ 6]lnkmf]g;]jf pknAw u/fpg tbf?stf ckgfO{ dd{t sfo{ul/Psf] 5 .

c:ktfnx? of] xKtf e/L g} cToGt Jo:t/x] . t/ 3fO{t] eP/ cfpg] la/fdLx?sf] ;+Vof clxn]36]sf] 5 . sltko 3fO{t]x? c:ktfn / laleGgc:yfoL pkrf/ lzlj/df pkrf/ u/L 3/ kmls{;s]sf5g\ . t/ sltkosf] hLjg cem} vt/fd'Qm eO{ ;s]sf]5}g\ . o; qmddf s]xL ;Vt 3fO{t]x?sf] pkrf/ ubf{ub}{ d[To' ePsf] 5 . 3fO{t] x'g]x?df clwsf+z 6fpsf]dfuDeL/ rf]6 nfUg]x? 5g\ . e"sDksf] a]nf efUg vf]Hbfsf};L jf afb{nLdf /fv]sf] udnf / 5tsf] 6\ofÍ Lcflb v;]/ 6fpsf]df nfuL dg]{x? klg 5g\ . sltkod[tssf] z/L/df st} klg rf]6 e]l6Pg . e"sDksf]qfzn] x[bof3ft eP/ pgLx?sf] d[To' ePsf] egL8fS6/x?n] 7x/ u/]sf 5g\ . lr;f]sf] sf/0f clwsf+zdflg;x? Hj/f], ?3f, vf]sL cflbaf6 u|:t ePsf5g\ .

kf6g c:ktfn, ; } lgs c:ktfn,lzIf0f c:ktfn, eQmk'/ c:ktfn, k|x/L c:ktfnsf]xftf leq kfn xfnL ;+rfng ul/Psf pkrf/ lzlj–/x? clxn] klg oyfjt rln/x]sf 5g\ . t/ kfnx?sf];Vt cefj clxn] ;a} c:ktfnx?df v6\ls/x]sf]5 . nugv]n l:yt dfgl;s c:ktfndf w]/} IfltePsf]n] dfgl;s /f]uLx?nfO{ /fVg ToxfF klg kfnx?s}k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} e"sDksf] sf/0f dfgl;s;Gt'ng u'dfPsf la/fdLx? klg lgs} ;+Vofdf ylkPsf5g\ . s/La $) z}ofsf] Ifdtf ePsf] o; c:ktfndf

e"sDk cfP kl5 ;8s / k'nx?sdhf]/ x'g] ePsfn] 7"nf ;jf/L;fwgx? rnfpg lbg' x'Fb}g .

s'g} klg k|sf]k kl5 dd{t ;Def/ubf{ JolQmut eGbf c:ktfn,p4f/ lzlj/, k|x/L rf}sL cflb;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{ klxnf]

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o;/L dfgl;s /f]uLx? ltj| ?kdf ylkPsf] / ejgklg IfltePsf]n] Hofb} 7"nf] ;d:of v8f ePsf]5 . To;}n] of] c:ktfn o:tf cNksfnLg dfgl;sla/fdLx?nfO{ egf{ gu/L 3/} kmsf{pg afWo eO{/x]sf]5 .

lghL If]qaf6 ;+rflnt c:ktfn / gl;{Ëxf]dx?df klg e"sDkaf6 3fO{t] x'g]x?sf] ;+Vof k|;:t5 . sltko o:tf lghL If]qsf c:ktfn / gl;{Ëxf]dx? klg e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ePsf]n] k"0f{ Ifdtfdf;'rf? ?kn] rNg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cf}ifwL / :jf:Yopks/0fx?sf ] cefj ;/sf/L / lghL ;a}c:ktfnx?df 7"nf] ;d:ofsf] ?kdf v8f ePsf] 5 .ljb]zL efiffdf n]lvPsf cf}iflwx?sf] k|of]hg lrg]/To:sf] /fd|f] pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] hgzlQmsf] cefjdfc+u|]hL efiff afx]s c? efiffdf n]lvPsf y'k|} cf}iflwx?ljleGg c:ktfndf cnkq kl//x]sf 5g\ eg] 3fOt]/ lj/fdLx? cfjZos cf}iflwsf] cefjn] kL8f ef]UgafWo eO/x]sf 5g\ .

ahf/ s]xL v'n]sf 5g\ . t/ ;fdfg lgs}dx+uf] 5 . ahf/df laz]ifu/L vfB kbfy{sf] a9Ldfu 5 / cefj klg To;}sf] 5 . lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no, gu/kflnsf / g]kfnvfB ;+:yfgsf] ;+o'Qm k|of;af67fpF 7fpFdf vfBfGg laqmL ug]{sfo{ hf/L g} /x]sf]5 . o;af6e"sDkkLl8t pkTosfaf;Lx?nfO{s]xL /fxt k'u]sf] 5 . g]kfnpBf]u afl0fHo dxf;+3, g]kfnRofDa/ ckm sdz{, /f]6/L Snj,lnof] Sna, nfoG;\ Sna, df/jf8L;]jf ;ldlt nufot laleGgk | ltli7t Pj + ;DkGg ; +3;+:yfx?n] 7fpF 7fpFdf :jOR5fn]vfg]s'/fx? afF8]sf 5g\ . o;/Lvfg]s'/f afF8\g]x?n] laz]ifu/Ls]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

cfh b ] lv b ' Uwljt/0f ;+:yfg nufot cGo b'UwJoa;foL ;+:yfåf/f pTkflbt s]xLb"w ahf/df ljt/0f x'g yfn]sf]5 . o;n] klg afnaflnsf /a[4sf] cf+t /;fpg 7"nf] ;xof]uldn]sf] 5 . ahf/ efp lgoGq0fePsf] 5}g .

eTs]sf ejgx? vf];|]/ dflg; lgsfNg] qmdclxn] Tolt rn]sf] 5}g\ . of] Ps xKtfdf p4f/ bnx?n]w]/} 3fO{t] / nfznfO{ 3/ eTs]sf] y'k|f]af6 lgsfNg] /3/df k'l/Psf ;fdfgx? lgsfNg] / ;Dej eP;DdltgnfO{ ;+ufNg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ .

e"sDkaf6 3/ Ifltu|:t ePsf xhf/f}+dflg;x? c:yfO{ lzlj/x?df cf>o lnO{/x]sf 5g\ .o;sfnflu ljz]ifu/L ljBfno / SofDk; ejgx?k|of]u ul/Psf 5g\ eg] s]xL v'Nnf 7fpFx?df klgkfn, Knfli6s, h:tf kftf cflb k|of]u u/]/ c:yfO{cf>osf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t/ ;a} lzlj/x?dfvrfvr\ le8 5 . s'g} klg kl/jf/n] kof{Kt 7fpFkfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . oL lzlj/x?df kfgL, zf}rfno /;/;kmfO{sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . hf8f]sf]df};d ePklg kmf]x/n] ubf{ lemË f km}lnPsf] 5 . To;}n]sltko dflg;x? la/fdL ePsf 5g\ . df3] em/Ln]ubf{ o:tf c:yfO{ cf>odf a:g]x?nfO{ emg ;d:ofylkPsf] 5 .

:jb]z / ljb]zaf6 laleGg p4f/ tyf/fxt ;fdu|Lx? cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . o:tf ;fdu|Lx?

c+u|]hLsf cltl/Qm c?efiffx? klg hfGg]

dflg;x?sf] klxn] b]lvg}klxrfg u/]df ljb]zaf6;xof]ufy{ cfPsf cg]sf}+cf}iflwx? v]/ hfFb}gg\ .

!#of] gSzfn] 7"nf] e"sDk cfPsf] Ps xKtf kl5 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf wf/fsf] kfgL ljt/0fsf] l:ylt b]vfpF5 .

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;+sng u/L ljt/0f ug{df s]Gb|Lo b}jL k|sf]k p4f/;ldlt ;lqmo /x]sf] 5 . o;} ;ldltsf] ;dGjo /lgb]{zg cGtu{t lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt,g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L, zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfnk|x/L nufot laleGg lgsfox? kl/rfng ul/Psf5g\ . /fxt ;fdu|L ljt/0fdf ck]Iff ul/P cg';f/–sf] ;dGjo cem} x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fdu|L ljt/0f ubf{7fpF 7fpFdf em8k klg ePsf 5g\ . e"sDk kLl8tx?sfnflu eg ]/ pknAw u/fO {Psf ljleGg/fxt ;fdu|L dWo] sltko ;fdfgx? cgfjZos klg5g\ . e"sDk kLl8tsf nflu ;xof]u lbg] bftfx?n] h]klg lbg] / ;xof]u ;+sng ug]{x?n] klg h] klg lng]ubf{ h]aL ?dfnx? y'k|} y'lk|Psf 5g\ t/ oltv]/;a}nfO{ rflxPsf] :j]6/sf] eg] 7"nf] xfxfsf/ 5 .

/fxtsf] nflu ljb]zaf6 cfPsf a9L d"Nosf;fdfgx? laqmLu/L To;af6 k|fKt /sdn] :jb]zdflgld{t sd d"Nosf ;fdfg lsgL w]/} kLl8t kl/jf/–nfO{ /fxt k'¥ofpg] k|of; ePsf] 5 . t/ o;af/]

kf/blz{tf / :ki6tf gx'Fbf ;xof]usf] nflu cfPsf];fdfg laqmL u/]sf] eGg] e|d kg{ uO{ kLl8tx?cfqmf]lzt klg ePsf 5g\ . ljb]zaf6 cfPsf /fd|f]u'0f :t/sf sltko ;fdfgx? 6f7fjf7fx?n] cfkm}n]/fv]sf] eGg] u'gf;f]x? klg af/Daf/ ;'lgG5 .

;a}hgf ql;t, lrGtfu|:t Pj+ zf]sfs"ncj:yfdf 5g\ . zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt klg ToltJoal:yt x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . df}sfsf] gfhfoh kmfObfp7fP/ eTs]sf] 3/ jf k;n leq k;L ;fdfg rf]g]{x?klg ;lqmo b]lvG5g\ . sltko 7fpFdf o:tfdflg;x?nfO{ kqmfp u/L :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?n] g} lk6]sf5g\ . clwsfFz k|x/Lx? p4f/ sfo{df Jo:t x'g'k/]sf]n] zflGt ;'/Iffsf nflu k|x/L an gk'u eO{–/x]sf] 5 . pkTosf aflx/af6 yk k|x/L lemsfpg]k|of; eO{/x]sf] 5 . t/ pgLx? cfO{ k'lu;s]sf5}gg\ . 7fpF 7fpFdf ;'/Iffsf nflu :yfgLo o'jfx? g}6f]nL agfP/ lgu/fgL ug{ nfu]sf 5g\ .

cfh s]xL kq–klqsfx? k|sflzt ePsf5g\ . t/ k"/f k[i7 k|sflzt ePsf 5}gg\ . s'g}klqsf @ k[i7, s'g} klqsf $ k[i7 dfq k|sflztePsf 5g\ . ;a} klqsfx?df e"sDkaf6 ePsf] hgwgsf] Iflt af/] x[bo labf/s ;dfrf/ / t:jL/x?k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . /]l8of] g]kfnn] /fxt ;xof]uk|fKt ePsf ;dfrf/, e"sDk ;DaGwL laleGg hfg–sf/L / ;"rgfx? a]nf a]nfdf k|;f/0f ul//x]sf] 5 .ljB't ljt/0f k'gM ;+rfng ePsf 7fpFx?df 6]lnlehgk|zf/0f klg x]g{ ;lsg] ePsf] 5 . p4f/ lzlj/ /;fj{hlgs :yfgx?df 6]lnlehg ;]6x? /flvPsf5g\ . g]kfn 6]lnlehgn] e"sDk ;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx? g}a9L k|zf/0f ul//x]sf] 5 . w]/} l8:s PG6]gfx? IfltePsfn] ljb]zL 6]lnlehg k|;f/0fx? k|i6;Fu cfpg;s]sf 5}gg\ . :jb]zL / ljb]zL kqsf/x? e"sDkaf6ePsf] Jofks Ifltaf/] gofF yk hfgsf/Lx? ;+sngug{, ;DalGwt lgsfo Pj+ kLl8t kIfx?;+u e]6 ug{dfJo:t ePsf 5g\ .

k|;f/0f ;do 36fO{Ptf klg /]l8of] g]kfn/ g]kfn 6]lnlehgaf6 s]xL cGo sfo{qmdx? klgk|;f/0f ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ afnaflnsf /cGonfO{ e"sDksf] kL8f Ps If0f eP klg la;{g s]xL;3fp k'u]sf] 5 .

elTsPsf 3/ leq hfFbf :jo+;]js, ;]gf, k|x/Ln] cfkm\gf] ;'/Ifftk{m klg Wofg lbg' k5{ . o:tf]sfd ug]{ ;a}n] x]nd]6 nufP/

sfd ug'{ w]/} a]z x'G5 .

cf gf] 3/ a:g} gx'g]u/L eTs]sf]n] efO{rf glhs}sf]k|fylds :s'ndf cf>o lnP/a;]sf] 5 . p;sL cfdf / 3fO{t]5f]/f] klg :s'nd} a;]sf 5g\ .p;sf] 6f]nsf c? w]/} kl/jf/n]klg ToxLF cf>o lnPsf 5g\ .

7fpF – 7fpFdf o:tfc:yfO{ cf>ox? agfOPsf] 5 .t/ ;a}df vrfvr\ 5 . kfgL

5}g, aQL 5}g, zf}rfnosf] /fd|f] Joa:yf 5}g . t/ klg u'hf/f ug'{ kg]{ afWotf 5 .hf8f]sf] df};d 5 . cf]8\g]– cf]5\ofpg] kof{Kt 5}g . s}of}+ kl/jf/sf n'uf, cf]8\g]cf]5\ofpg] elTsPsf] 3/ leq} k'l/Psf 5g\ . lsGg klg Hofb} dx+uf] 5 .

efO{rfsf] klg ;a} ;fdfg 3/ leq} k'l/Psf] 5 . afa'sf] nfz vf]Hbfe]l6Psf s]xL n'uf kmf6f]af6 p;n] sfd rnfO{ /x]sf] 5 . e"sDk kLl8tx?sf];xof]ufy{ n'uf–kmf6f]x? ;xof]u :j?k ;+sng ug]{ k|of; eO{/x]sf] 5 . t/ sf7df8f}+pkTosf leqsf clwsf+z kl/jf/ e"sDkaf6 k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf k|efljtePsf] / hf8f]sf] df};d ePsf]n] cfzf ul/Phlt n'uf ;+sng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g\ .c:yfoL lzlj/x?df a:g] e"sDk kLl8tx?nfO{ /]8qm;n] cfh s]xL sDanx?afF8\of] . efO{rfn] klg Pp6f sDan kfPsf] 5 . Tof] sDan p;n] cfdf / 3fO{t]5f]/fsf] nflu lbof] . Ps kl/jf/nfO{ Pp6f sDan lbg] gLlt agfOPsf] 5 . t/ s;}s;}n] e'mSofP/ b'O{j6f sDan lnP5g\ . To;}n] sDansf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ dflg;x?aLr emu8f klg eof] . e"sDk kLl8tx?sf] p4f/ / /fxt sfo{ hf/L 5 . efO{rfklg 6f]nsf c? ;fyLx?;+u} ;f] sfo{df h'6]sf 5 .

efO{rfsf] ;fydf k};f 5}g . p;sf] s]xL k};f a}+sdf lyof] . t/ r]s a'scflb ;a} 3/ eTs]/ k'l/Psf]n] k};f lemSg kfPg\ . a}+sn] r]s a's geP klgvftf gDa/ atfpg' eG5 . t/ p;nfO{ vftf gDa/ klg ofb 5}g\ . k|foM h;f]a}+sdf lah'nL gePsf] sf/0f sDKo'6/ rn]sf] 5}g eg] sltko a}+s e"O{+rfn]faf6cfkm} g/fd|/L Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\ . sDKo'6/ grn]sf]n] s:sf] vftfdf slt/sd art 5 eGg] s'/f kQf nufpg a}+ssf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ufx|f] kl//x]sf] 5 .o;n] ubf{ laleGg a}+sdf sd{rf/L / art stf{x? aLr egfeg\k/]sf] 5 . a}+ssf] of] ;d:ofn] efO{rf h:tf] w]/}nfO{ dsf{ k/]sf] 5 .

efO{rfn] Pp6f sDan kfof] .

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sf7df8f}+ pkTosfjf;Lx?sf] b}lgs hLjgla:tf/} ;fdfGo x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . t/ Tof] ljgfzsf/Le"sDksf] kL8f s;}n] klg la;]{sf 5}gg\ . km]l/ e"sDkcfpnf sL eGg] qfz ca Tolt 5}g\ . To;}n] dflg;x?cflQPsf 5}gg\ . of] dxfe"sDkdf k/L d[To' x'g]x?sf];+Vof $) xhf/ / ;Vt 3fOt] x'g]x?sf] ;+Vof (%xhf/ k'u]sf] cflwsfl/s ?kdf k'i6L ePsf] 5 .o;/L dg]{x?df e"sDkaf6 tTsfn} dg]{x?sf cltl/Qmb'O{ – tLg xKtf kl5 dg]{x? klg 5g\ . kl5 d[To'x'g]x?df 6fpsf]df 7"nf] rf]6 nfUg]x? / d'6', lduf}{nf,kmf]S;f], :gfo' k|0ffnL cflbdf e"sDksf] sf/0f uDeL/c;/ kg]{x? ePsf] s'/f c:ktfnx?af6 yfxf ePsf]5 .

o;} aLr ;+;bsf] lxp+b] clwj]zg a:of] . t/e"sDkaf6 ;+;b ejg klg Ifltu|:t ePsf]n] o;k6ssf] clwj]zg jL/]Gb| cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng s]Gb|dfa:of] . o; clwj]zgsf] d"n ljifo of] dxfe"sDkd}s]lGb|t /Xof] . e"sDk kLl8tx?sf] p4f/, /fxt nufotC0f ;'ljwf, ejg tyf cGo ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0fPj+ k'glg{df0f cflb af/] ;+;b clwj]zgn] ljleGgljw]os / gLltx? kfl/t u¥of] . g]kfn e"sDkhGoIf]qdf /x]sf] 5 eGg] ;a}nfO{ yfxf x'Fbf x'Fb} klg o;k|lt k"j{ tof/Lsf pkfox? gckgfO{Psf] / lgdf{0fsfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt u/fO{ e"sDk h:tf k|fs[ltsk|sf]kaf6 hg wgnfO{ kg{ ;Sg] c;/x? ;s];DdGo"lgs/0f ug]{ tkm{ ;dod} 7f]; kfO{nf grfn]sf]df;+;bdf ;/sf/sf] s6' cfnf]rgf eof] . ;/sf/n] o;dxfe"sDkn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf / jl/k/Lsf lhNnfx?dfut @) jif{df ePsf] ef}lts ljsf;nfO{ gi6kfl/lbPsf] :jLsf/ ub}{ ca k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{k|fyldstf lbO{ ljsf;, lgdf{0f / hg r]tgfsf If]qdftTsfnLg, cNksfnLg / bLw{sfnLg gLlt ckgfO{g]k|lta4tf ;bg ;dIf hfx]/ u¥of] .

sfof{nox? v'ln;s]sf 5g\ . t/ sfdn]/fd|f] ult lnO;s]sf] 5}g\ . 3/ k"/} elTsP/ 3/af/laxLg ePsfx?nfO{ c:yfoL a;f]jf; u/fOPsfljBfnox? afx]s c? ljBfnox?df k9fO{ z'?ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfno, v'nf d}bfg / cGoq kfn xfnLc:yfoL cf>o lnO/x]sf e"sDk kLl8tx? cfˆgf]3/sf] k'gM lgdf{0f slxn];Dd xf]nf / s'g ;|f]]taf6xf]nf eGg] s'/fn] lrlGtt 5g\ . ;/sf/n] ;bg ;dIfu/]sf] k|lta4tf cg';f/ e"sDk kLl8tx?nfO{ C0flbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . t/ Tof] C0f s'g cfwf/dfs;/L lbg] eGg] gLlt tof/ x'Fb}5 . To;}n] ;f] C0f

gkfO{ 3/sf] k'gM lgdf{0f ug{ g;Sg]x? Tof] gLltsf]k|ltIffdf /x]sf 5g\ . 3/ aLdf u/fPsfx? Ifltk"lt{sf]/sdsf nflu aLdf sDkgLtkm{ wfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .aLdf gu/fPsfx? clxn] k5'tfO{ /x]sf 5g\ .

;/sf/L ejg / cGo Ifltu|:t ef}lts;+/rgfx? k'gM lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ z'? eO{ ;s]sf] 5 .t/ lgdf{0f ;fdu|L cfjZostf cg';f/ pknAw x'gg;s]sf] / cGo sf/0fn] k'gM lgdf{0f sfo{ tbf?stfsf;fy cuf8L a9g ;s]sf] 5}g\ . ;8s, k'n, ljB't,vfg]kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g cflbsf] dd{t Pj+ k'gM lgdf{0fnfO{pRr k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 . To;}n] pkTosfsfclwsf+z ;8sx?df ;fj{hlgs oftfoft k'gM ;+rfngeO{;s]sf 5g\ . t/ 7"nf ;jf/L ;fwgx?nfO{ k'naf6jf/kf/ ug{ lbOPsf] 5}g\ . o:tf ;jf/L ;fwgx?vf]nfaf6 / 8fOe;{gaf6 cfjfudg ul//x]sf 5g\ .k"0f{tof Wj:t ePsf k'nx?sf] gofF lgdf{0f ug{ k|fljlwsof]hgf tof/ ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .

vfg]kfgL, ljB't / 6]lnkmf]g k|0ffnLdf klgs]xL dd{t ;'wf/ ul/Psf] 5 . t/ w]/} Iflt ePsf]

sf/0f dd{tn] dfq gk'uL k'gM lgdf{0f g} ug'{ kg]{l:yltdf k'u]sf eQmk'/ nufot cGo 7fpFx?df eg]

Ps dlxgf kl5

lj= ;+= !(() sf] dxfe"sDk kl5 xhf/f}+ dflg;x?n] sof}+ dlxgf;Dd o;/Lc:yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; u/]sf lyP .

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x'g ;S5 .

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e"sDksf] rk]6fdf k/L 3fO{t] eO{ c:ktfn /pkrf/ lzlj/x?df egf{ ePsf clwsf+z la/fdLx?3/ kmls{;s]sf 5g\ . uDeL/ 3fO{t] ePsfx? / gofFla/fdLx? dfq c:ktfnx?df pkrf/ u/fO{ /x]sf5g\ . c:ktfnx?df gofF la/fdLx? klg ylkg yfn]sf5g\ . laif]z u/L of] hf8f]sf] df};ddf v'Nnf 7fpFdfa:g' k/]sf]n] w]/}nfO{ lgdf]lgof, ?3f vf]sL, Hj/f] cflbn];dft]sf] 5 . ljBfno ejg nufot laleGg :yfgdf/flvPsf p4f/ lzlj/x?df ;fgf] 7fpFdf w]/} dflg;a:g' k/]sf]n] :jf; k|Zjf; / 5ftLsf] v/faL klgw]/}df b]lvPsf] 5 . laz]ifu/L !$ aif{ d'lgsfs]6fs]6Lx? o:tf] ;d:ofn] kLl8t 5g\ .

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laifosf ;fdu|Lx? klg k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . t/klg clwsf+z ;fdu|L e"sDk ;DaGwL g} 5g\ . Ifltu|:tgePsf l;g]df xnx?n] lbgdf Ps k6s dfq l;g]dfb]vfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . 6f]n 6f]ndf wfld{s sfo{qmdtyf ehg–sLt{gx? cfof]hgf eO{/x]sf b]lvG5g\ .

zf l Gt ; '/If fsf ] l:yltdf clxn ]w]/} ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 . rf]/L / n'6 lgoGq0f ePsf]5 . pkef]Uo a:t'sf] sfnf] ahf/L ug]{ k|j[lt klgclxn] s]xL 3l6;s]sf] 5 .

slxNo} la;{g g;lsg] of] P]ltxfl;se"sDksf] df/df k/]sf pkTosfjf;Lx? cfˆgf] b}lgshLjgnfO{ ca ;s];Dd ;xh agfO{ ef]lnsf lbgx?si6k|b x'g glbg] k|of;df h'l6/x]sf 5g\ .

efO{rfsf] cfdf la/fdLl5g\ . efO{rf a;]sf] c:yfoLlzlj/df c? dflg;x? klgla/fdL ePsf 5g. df3] em/Ln]ubf{ lr;f] a9]sf] 5 . lr;f]sf]sf/0f ?3f, vf]sL, Hj/f] /lgdf]lgofaf6 3]/} dflg;x? u|:tePsf 5g\ . s]6fs]6Lx? Zjf;k|Zjf;sf] /f]un] kLl8t 5g\ eg]a'9f a'9Lx?nfO{ bdn] ;tfPsf] 5.

efO{rfsf] cfdfnfO{ ?3fvf]sLsf] Hj/f]n] ;'tfPsf] 5 . p:sL ;fgL 5f]/LnfO{ lgdf]lgofn] e]6]sf] va/;;'/fnLaf6 cfPsf] 5 . p:sL kTgLsf] e"sDkdf k/L d[To' ePsf]n] ;fgL 5f]/LnfO{:ofxfl/lbg] dflg; gePsf]n] ;;'/fnLx?n] cfkm} sxfF /flvlbPsf 5g\ . p;sf]h]7fgsf] ;fgf] 5f]/f / p;sL 5f]/L b'a}nfO{ clxn] lgdf]lgofn] e]6]sf] 5 .

lxhf]cfh efO{rfsf] 6]fndf efif0fsf] sfo{qmd v'a x'G5 . gfd ;'g]sf,g;'g]sf ;a} vfn] dflg;x? cfP/ 7"nf 7"nf s'/f ub{5g\ . e"sDkaf6 aRg] pkfox?sf]clt{ pkb]z lbG5g\ . t/ efO{rfnfO{ To:tf] s'/f ;'g]/ l/; p75 . pm dgdg} eG5oltsf s'/f hfGg] dflg;x? e"sDk cfP/ oqf] ;Tofgfz x'g' cl3 s] x]/]/ a;]sflyP < klxn] g} lsg dflg;x?nfO{ o:tf s'/fx? atfPgg\ < l;sfPgg\ < e"sDkaf6xTklt gelTsg] u/L 3/ agfpg] t/Lsfaf/] clxn] v'a k|rf/ eO{/x]sf] 5. of] k|rf/b]v]/– ;'g]/ klg efO{rfsf] dg s'Fl8G5 . p;n] 3/ agfpg' cl3g} oL ;a} s'/fsf]hfgsf/L eO lbPsf] eP pm klg To;/L g} 3/ agfpFYof] / To;/L 3/ agfpgkfPsf] eP p;sf] 3/ elTs+b}g lyof] xf]nf, 3/ geTs]sf] eP p;sf] afa' clxn]hLljt} x'g] lyof] . p;sf] ;;'/fnL] 3/sf] afb{nL gv;]sf] eP p;n] hLjg ;+uLgLu'dfpg' kg]{ lyPg . p;sf gfafns 5f]/f– 5f]/Laf6 cfdfsf] Gofgf] sfv vf]l;g]lyPg . :s'ndf e"sDksf] a]nf s] ug'{ x'G5, s] ug'{ x+'b}g eg]/ /fd|/L k9fO{ lbPsf]eP p;sf] 5f]/f o;/L 3fO{t] x'g] lyPg, p;sf] 5f]/fsf ;fyLx? sIff leq} dg]{lyPgg\ . oL ;a} s'/f ;Dem]/ NofpFbf efO{rfnfO{ l/; klg p7\5, dg klg b'VM5 .

efO{rfnfO{ l/; p7]sf] 5

p4f/ lzlj/df cf>o lnO/x]sf xhf/f}+ hgfnfO{ /f]uJofwLaf6 arfpg' klg clt

h?/L 5 .

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e"sDksf] df/n] tx; gx; ePsf] sf7df8f}+pkTosfsf] hghLjg ;fdfGo x'Fb}5 . dlxgf cl3sf]kL8fnfO{ dflg;x?n] la;]{sf 5}gg\ . t/ ToxL kL8f /la5f]8nfO{ dfq ;Dem]/ afFsL hLjg grNg] ePsf]n]e"sDk kLl8t sf7df8f}+ pkTosf clxn] cfkmgf] 3fpdfcfkm} dNxd\ nufpg] sfo{df Jo:t 5 . e"sDksf] df/df k/L dflg;sf] d[To' ePsf] kl/jf/df ^ dlxgfsf]sfh–lqmof ;+:sf/ ;lsPsf] 5 .

of] ^ dlxgfdf o; pkTosfn] w]/} ef]Uof],w]/} b]Vof], w]/} l;Sof] / of] qmd cem} hf/L g} 5 .pkTosfsf o'jf ju{ / ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] o;cjlwdf cToGt} ;x|fxgLo sfd u/] . e"sDk uPsf]lbg b]lv clxn];Dd klg pgLx? p4f/, /fxt,k'g:yf{kg cflb sfo{df Jo:t 5g\ . e"sDk hfg'cl3;Dd klg ufpF – 6f]ndf s'g} e"ldsf gePsfa]/f]huf/ / a]sDdf eg]/ a]jf:tf ul/Psf o'jsx?e"sDk kl5 cfˆgf] Hofgsf] afhL nufP/ p4f/ sfo{dfh'6]sf] b]Vbf :yfgLo jfl;Gbfx? 5Ss k/]sf 5g\ .e"sDkn] NofPsf] cfkb–ljkbdf pgLx?n] u/]sf] lg:jfy{:jo+ ;]jfn] ubf{ ;dfhdf pgLx?sf] JolQmTj / dxTjcrfgs a9g uPsf] 5 . o;}u/L k|x/L / ;}lgs;Fu;s];Dd 6f9} /xg ?rfpg]x? klg p4f/ sfo{dfk|x/L / ;}lgsn] b]vfPsf] cbDo ;fx;sf] sf/0fpgLx?nfO{ cfˆg} kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;/x dfGg yfn]sf5g\ . laleGg ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] klg o;kfln;dfhdf cfˆgf] cf}lrTo ;flat ug]{ df}sf kfP .

;/sf/n] klg cfˆgf] Ifdtfn] EofP ;Dde"sDk kLl8t sf7df8f } + pkTosfjf;Lx?nfO{/fxt / ;xof]u k'¥ofO{/x]sf] 5 . hgtfn] of] s'/fdxz'; u/]sf klg 5g\ . t/ s]xL ;/sf/L lgsfox?/ ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf laleGg ;+:yfgx?n] e"sDkcfpg' cl3 g} ;Defljt e"sDk k|lt Wofg lbO{ k"j{tof/L gu/]sf] sf/0f clxn] rfx] h:tf] /fd|/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ g;Sbf hg–cfnf]rgf vKg' kl//x]sf]5 .

e"sDkn] 5f8]sf] eUgfjz]if kG5fpg] sfd cem}lgs} afFsL 5 . clxn] ;Dd @% k|ltzt eGbf a9LkG5fpg] sfd x'g ;s]sf] 5}g\ . To;}n] pkTosfsf]7fpF–7fpFdf O{+6–df6f]–l;d]G6sf y'k|fx? b]lvG5g\ . d'Vo;8ssf o:tf y'k|fx? dfq x6fpg] sfd ePsf] 5 .3/ leq klg sxL+ n¶ f 9ln/x]sf], sxL+ blng v;]sf],sxL+ l;d]G6sf] :nfj rf]Ol6Psf] b]lvG5 . dflg;x?cf–cfˆgf] elTsPsf] 3/af6 gofF 3/ agfpFbf sfdnfUg] sf7kftx? s]xL kfOG5 ls eg]/ a6'Nb} 5g\ .

sfof{no, lzIffno, pBf]u, Jofkf/ cflb If]qdfk"j{jt sfd x'g yfln;s]sf] 5 . ejg k"/} elTsP/k'gMlgdf{0f e} g;s]sf ljBfnox?df kfn xfn]/ k9fpg]sfd e}/x]sf] 5 . vfg]kfgL, ljB't, 6]lnkmf]g, ;8softfoft, c:ktfn, ahf/ cflbsf] cj:yfdf w]/} ;'wf/eO{;s]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ / nlnt–k'/df vfg]kfgLsf];d:of clxn] w]/} xb;Dd ;dfwfg eO{;s]sf] 5 . oxfFs/La &% k|ltzt :yfgdf vfg]kfgL ljt/0f e"sDkhfg' cl3sf] l:yltdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 . t/ eQmk'/dfeg] s/Lj %) k|ltzt hgtfnfO{ dfq vfg]kfgL pknAwx'g ;s]sf] 5 . ut a}zfv / h]7df sf7df8f}+pkTosfdf kfgLsf] 7"nf] xfxfsf/ lyof] . e"sDksf]sf/0fn] vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnL Ifltu|:t ePsf] ;d:ofdfly ;'Vvf df};dsf] sf/0f kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ x'gg;s]sf]]n] csf]{ ;d:of ylk lbPsf] lyof] . t/ clxn]jiff{ofd z'? eO;s]sf]n] kfgL cfk"lt{df s]xL ;xhtfcfPsf ] 5 . e "sDkn] vfg ]kfgLsf kfOkx?Ifltu|:t agfOlbPsf]n] kfgLdf c:j:ys/ ld;fj6

dlxgf kl5

b/fhx?df ;fdfg /fVbf ux|f};fdfgnfO{ tNnf] v08df /xn'sfnfO{ dfYnf] v08df/fVg'xf];\ . cfk'm a:g] 7fpF

glhs 7"nf kmlg{r/, P]gf, km]f6f],alQ, k+vf cflbg/fVg'xf];\ .

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of] dxfe"sDkn]sf7df8f}+pkTosf–jf;Lx?sf] hLjgdf 7"nf]kl/jt{g NofO{ lbPsf] 5 .e"sDkdf k/L dg]{x? td/]/ uO{ xfn] . afFRg]x?e"sDksf] ulx/f] kL8f af]s]/afFlr/x]5g . tL dWo] Pshgf efOrf klg 5 .

e f O r f n ]e"sDkaf6 cf gf] afa' /kTgL u'dfPsf] cfh ^

dlxgf eof] . of] dlxgfdf p;sf] hLjgdf w]/} kl/jt{g cfof] . d"Vos'/f] p;n] hfuL/ 5f]8\of] . pm klxnf Ps ljQLo sDkgLdf ;fgf] :t/sf]sd{rf/L lyof] . ljQLo sDkgLdf art ug]{x?n] e"sDk kl5 cfly{s;+s6df k/L cf–cf gf] art wg lkmtf{ lnP . sDkgLn] C0fdf u/]sf]nufgL klg e"sDks} sf/0f c;'nL x'g ;s]g . To;}n] sltko ljQLosDkgLx? 6f6 kN6g] l:yltdf k'u] . tL dWo] efOrfsf] sDkgL klgk/\of] . cfly{s ;d:ofsf] sf/0f p;sf] sDkgLn] sd{rf/L ;+Vofdf Jofkss6f}tL u/\of], To;df pm klg k/\of] .

t/ efOrf vfnL xft a;]g . e"sDk uPsf] bf];|f] dlxgf b]lvg}sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf gofF lgdf{0f / k'gM lgdf{0fsf sfo{x? Jofks ?kdfz'? eP . ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L / lghL If]qdf z'? ePsf lgdf{0f sfo{sfnflu cfjZos hgzlQm / lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] 7"nf] dfu eof] . efOrfsf]afa'n] cfk"m tGg]/L 5Fbf 8sdL{ sfd u/]sf] lyof] . efO{rfsf] 7"nf] af klgPp6f ;Lkfn' 8sdL{ lyof] . To;}n] efO{rfn] klg ljQLo sDkgLsf] hfuL/5'6] kl5 cfk"mnfO{ s]xL 1fg ePsf] 8sdL{s} sfd ug]{ lg0f{o u/\of] . oltv]/ sf7df8f} pkTosfdf 8sdL{x?sf] dfu w]/} ePsf]n] pm s'g} lbg klgsfd gkfO{ vfnL a:g' k/]g . o;} aLr ;/sf/L lgsfox?

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kfOPsf] 5 . o;n] /f]u Aoflw km}nfpg] 8/ 5 .o;}u/L ljB't cfk"lt{df klg lgs} ;'wf/

cfO{;s]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ / nlntk'/df ljB't cfk"lt{sf]l:ylt e"sDk k"j{sf] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 eg]eQmk'/df klg w]/} h;f] If]qdf cfk"lt{ eO{ ;s]sf] 5 .6]lnkmf]g ;]jf klg pkTosfsf] clwsf+z efudfk'g:yf{kgf eO{;s]sf] 5 .

pkTosfsf ;8s oftfoft k"0f{ ?kdfrln;s]sf 5}gg\ . t/ d'Vo oftfoft h;f]t;f] ;+rfngePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+–eQmk'/ 6«lna; ;]jf k'gM;+rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . o;n] klg pkTosfsf] hghLjg;fdfGo xF'b} uPsf] dxz'; ug{ 7"nf] ;3fp k'u]sf]5 . Ifltu|:t k'n / ;8sx? k'glg{df{0f sfo{ k"/feO{;s]sf] 5}g .

3/ / sfof{no ejg cflbsf] k'glg{df{0fsfo{n] s]xL ult lnPsf] 5 . t/ lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx?sf]cefjn] ubf{ ;a}n] rfx] cg';f/ sfd z'? u/fpg;s]sf 5}gg\ . t'?Gt} k'gMlgdf{0f / gj lgdf{0f x'gg;Sg] cfjf; If]qx?df bL3{sfnLg c:yfoL cf>olzlj/x? ag]sf 5g\ . h;df cfˆgf] 3/ k"0f{tofWj:t ePsf xhf/f}+ kl/jf/x? cf>o lnO/x]sf 5g\ .

e"sDk kLl8tx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] C0f ljt/0f

ug{ z'? u/]sf] 5 . ToxL C0f /sd lnP/ s]xLn]cfkm\gf] Ifltu|:t 3/sf] k'gM lgdf{0f z'? ug{ yfn]sf5g\ . t/ C0f kof{Kt gePsf] / of] k|fKt ug]{ k|lqmof;/n gePsf] u'gf;f] ;j{q ;'lgG5 . C0fsf] nfluk|zf;flgs k|lqmof k"/f ug{ sl7gfO{ eO/x]sf] 5 .e"sDkn] sf7df8f}+sf] rf/vfn c• f lgs} Ifltu|:tkfl/lbPsf]n] ToxfFsf] dfnkf]t sfof{no, e"ld;'wf/sfof{no cflbdf /x]sf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnfsf hUufsf]clen]v gi6 ePsf 5g\ . ;DalGwt JolQm;+u /x]sfsfuhftx? klg e"sDkn] 3/ Wj:t x'Fbf / cfunflux'Fbf gi6 ePsfn] clxn] kfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g\ . o;n]ubf{ hUuf wgL k'hf{ lwtf] /fv]/ C0f lng vf]Hg]x?nfO{clxn] 7"nf] ;d:of kl//x]sf] 5 .

dg;'g z'? eof] . o;n] ;sf/fTds /gsf/fTds b'j} k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . ls;fgx? wfg /f]KgJo:t x'g yfn] . t/ o;kfln wfgsf] aLpsf] 7"nf]cefj 5 . w]/} h;f] ls;fgn] aLpsf] nflu eg]/5'6ofP/ /fv]sf] wfg e"sDkdf 3/ eTsFbf gf]S;fgePsf]n] of] cefj x'g uPsf] xf] . t/ klg ls;fgx?n]x/]; vfPgg\ . e"sDkn] hghLjg tx;–gx; kf/]sf]jif{ v]tL klg lalu|Pdf clgsfnsf] dxfdf/L rN5eg]/ pgLx?n] e"sDkn] Iflt gk'¥ofPsf cfkmGt

sxfFaf6 / sd Ifltu|:tl5d]sL lhNnfx?af6 ;d]twfgsf] aLp NofO{ aLp /fv]sflyP . pgLx?nfO{ /f]kfO{+ ug]{a]nfdf kfgL gknf{sL eGg]lrGtf lyof] . t/ kfgL k/]sf]n]pgLx? pT;flxt 5g\ .

oBlk ptf c:yfO{lzlj/x?df cf>olnO/x]sfx?nfO{ eg] of] jiff{n]c;'ljwf ePsf] 5 . lzlj/x?df kfgL r'lxG5, cf]8g]cf]5ofpg] leH5 . jiff{n] k'gMlgdf{0f / dd{t sfo{df klgafwf k'¥ofPsf] 5 eg] O{+6–df6f]sf] y'k|f ]df kfgL kbf{htftt} kmf]x/lxnf], vf8n cflba9]sf] 5 . pkTosfsf vf]nfgfnfx?df af9L cfPsf] 5 .ufFp3/lt/ o;kfnL af9Lklx/f] uPsf] 5 .

Ifltu|:t 3/ k'gMlgdf{0f ug]{ / gj lgdf{0f ug]{x?dWo] s;}n] ejg ;+lxtf kfngfu/]sf 5g\ eg] s;}n] 5}gg\ .clxn] ejg ;+lxtf cg';f/

e"sDk kLl8tx?nfO{ ljt/0ful/g] C0f k|lqmof ;/n x'g'h?/L 5 . cGoyf l;wf;fbfdflg;x? of] ;'ljwfaf6al~rt x'g ;S5g\ .

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h:tf j}slNks pkfox?sf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

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lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{df laz]ifu/L ;/sf/L lgsfox? ;lqmob]lvPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/L ejgx?, ljBfno, SofDk;,c:ktfn, l;g]df xn, ;8s, k'n h:tf ;fj{hlgslgdf{0f sfo{df ejg ;+lxtf / lgdf{0f lgb]{lzsf /fd|/Lnfu" eP gePsf] laifonfO{ clxn] 7"nf] dxTj lbO{;DalGwt lgsfox?n] lgl/If0f ul//x]sf 5g\ .

;+rf/ dfWodx? k"j{jt ;+rfng eO{;s]sf5g\ . ejg ;+lxtf / e"sDk k|lt/f]ws lgdf{0f k|ljlw

efOrfn] hfuL/ 5f]8\of]

/ e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh g]kfn (National Societyfor Earthquake Technology -Nepal) h:tf ;+:yfx?n]e"sDk k|lt/f]ws 3/ lgdf{0f k|ljlwaf/] tfnLd sfo{qmd;+rfng u/]sf lyP . p;n] klg of] tfnLddf efu lnO{e"sDk k|lt/f]ws lgdf{0f k|ljlwaf/] s]xL k|of]ufTds 1fgxfFl;n u/\of] . o;n] ubf{ p;nfO{ sfd kfpg emg ;lhnf]eof] .

efOrfn] e"O{+rfnf]n] eTsfPsf] cf gf] 3/s}O{6 / sf7 kft k|of]u u/]/ sfd rnfp 6x/f agfof]. t/e"sDksf] kL8faf6 pm / p;sf] kl/jf/ cem} d'Qm x'g;s]sf] 5}g\ . p;sL cfdf clxn] klg af/Daf/ afa'nfO{;Dem]/ ?g] ub{l5g\ . /flt ;kgfd} e"sDksf] ememNsf]cfP/ cflQP/ lrRofpFl5g\ . vfz /f]u s]xL gePsL p;sLcfdf e"sDksf] 36gf kl5 ;w} la/fdL h:t} cj:yfdfl5g\ . pgn] To; lbg b]lv clxn] ;Dd g s'g} 5fs dgnufP/ vfPsL 5g\, g s'g} /ft d:t;+u lgbfpg ;s]sLl5g\ .

efOrfsf] 5f]/f]sf] ;kgf klg e"O{+rfnf]n]rsgfr'/ kfl/lbPsf] 5 . pm k'm6ansf] Ps ;Lkfn' v]nf8Llyof] . :s'n / 6f]nsf] k'm6an Dofrdf pm ;w} k|z+;fsf]kfq x'GYof] . k'm6an v]ndf p;sf] ljz]if k|ltef b]v]/p;sf] :s'nn] p;nfO{ ljz]if k|lzIf0fdf k7fpg] ePsf]lyof] . t/ e"sDkdf k/L p;sf] v'6\6f g/fd|/L efFlrPsf]n]ca pm slxNo} klg k'm6an v]Ng g;Sg] ePsf] 5 . pm;fdfGo lx+8\8'n dfq ug{ ;Sb5 . k|l;4 k'm6an v]nf8LaGg] p;sf] ;kgf cw"/f] /xof] .

efOrfsL ;fgL 5f]/Lsf] tf]t] af]nL k'm6\gyfn]sf] 5 . e"O{+rfnf]sf] sf/0f cfdfsf] sfv ;w}sfnflu u'dfPsL o; aflnsfn] xh'/ cfdfnfO{ g} ÆdfFÆeGg] u/]sL 5] . p;nfO{ :ofxfg]{ dflg;sf] cefjdf pmw]/} h;f] dfdf 3/d} a:g] u/]sL 5] . 5f]/LnfO{ b]v] kl5efOrfnfO{ cf gL kTgLsf] ;Demgf cfpF5, clg p;sfcfFvf cgfof; /;fpg yfNb5g\ .

af/] ;+rf/ dfWodx?af6 Aofks k|rf/ – k|;f/eO{/x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L lgsfox? tyf e"sDk k|ljlw/fi6«Lo ;dfh–g]kfn h:tf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n]o; ;DaGwL tfnLd sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul//x]sf5g\ . ;a}lt/sf] ultljlw x]bf{ ;a}n] of] dxz"z ul/–/x]sf 5g\ ls – sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ca gofF sfFr'nLkm]g]{ t/v/df 5 .

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lng gla;{g'xf];\ .

cGg kftsf] lap hu]8f/fVg] u/]df ;Defljt

clgsfnaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .

!(

efO{rfsf] bz}+ – ltxf/sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf

c? xhf/f} + kl/jf/n] h:t}efO{rfn] klg o; kflnsf] bz}+–ltxf/ dgfPg . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfk"/} zf]sdf 8'a]sf] / a/vL afl/ /x]sf]n] pkTosfjf;L–x?nfO{o;kfnL bz}+ – ltxf/ cfP h:tf]klg nfu]g . k|foM h;f] 6Lsf yfKg]/ nufOlbg] dWo] sf]xL g sf]xLa/vLd} ePsf]n] o; kfnLsf] bz}+– ltxf/df 6Lsf]–6fnf]n] Jofkstflng kfPg . kf]x/–k/f/ h:tf]bz}+df k|To]ssf lgwf/df /ftf] 6Lsf / lz/df kx]+nf]hd/f o;kfln b]Vg kfOPg . ltxf/df klg lgwf/dfOGb«]0fL 6Lsf nufPsf dflg;x? la/n} dfq b]lvP .k|To]s bz}+df v;L, af]sf, Rofª u|f, /fFuf, xfF;, s'v'/fsf]df/sf6df Jo:t /xg] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfaf;Lx? dWo]clwsfFzn] o;kfnL ;fsfxf/L bz}+ dgfP . cGo rf8–kj{x?df klg s'g} pT;fx b]lvPg .

efO{rf klg bz}+ – ltxf/df st} guO{ 3/d}al;/Xof] . p;nfO{ o; kfnLsf] rf8 dgfpg gkfPsf]eGbf ef]lnsf lbgx?nfO{ s;/L ;xh agfpg] / 5f]/f –

5f]/Lsf] eljio s;/L ;'/lIft ug]{eGg] lrGtfn] kL/f]n]sf] 5 . e"sDkn]pmaf6 ;w}sf] nflu vf];]/nlulbPsf] p:sL kTgL x/]s bz}+ltxf/df ;s];Dd sd vr{ ug{p:nfO{ ;Nnfx lbGyL . t/ pm eg]cln /l;s dflg; ePsf]n]rf8af8df cln dg k'msfP/ vr{ug{ tD;GYof] . clxn] pm cf gLkTgLsf ltg} ;Nnfxx?nfO{emNemnL ;lDem/x]sf] 5 .

e"sDkn] p;nfO{ hlt ddf{xt kf/] klg p;n];fx; a6'ln;s]sf] 5 . 5f]/f–5f]/Lsf] eljiosf] nflu hlt;'s} si6 p7fpg klg kl5 gkg]{ ;+sNk p;n] dgdg}lnPsf] 5 . cf+ugdf a;]/ e6\df;–Ro'/f rkfpFb} o:t}cg]sf} s'/f dgdf v]nfO/x]sf] efO{rfn] Pp6f /ftf] r+ufcfsfzdf pl8/x]sf] b]V5 . pm rf}/ dflysf] l8n lt/ x]5{– Tof] r+uf t p:s} 5f]/fn] p8fO{ /x]sf] /x]5 . of] b]v]/p:sf] d'xf/ s]xL xFl;nf] x'G5 .

e"sDkLo

kl/b[Zo

lxhf];Dd htf uPklg k|foM ;]tf] n'uf nufPsfdflg;x? b]lvg] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf cfh b]lv laleGg/+usf n'uf nufPsf dflg;x? b]lvPsf 5g\ . cyf{te"sDkdf cfˆgf afa', cfdf jf klt u'dfPsfdflg;x?sf] a/vL k'ms]sf] 5 .

of] Ps aif{df sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf w]/} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . d'Vo kl/jt{g o;sf] ef}lts :j?kdfb]lvG5 . e"sDk cfpg' clw cToGt vfFlbPsf] /;fF3'/f] sf7df8f}+, nlntk'/, eQmk'/, dWok'/ l7dL,sLl{t{k'/ cflb gu/kflnsfx?sf laleGg 6f]nx? cakm/flsnf ePsf 5g\ . oL 6f]nx?df vfFlbP/ /x]sfclwsf+z 3/x? e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ePsfn] gofFof]hgfaf6 lgdf{0f ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . h; cg'?k;8ssf] nflu kof{Kt 7fpF 5f]l8Psf] 5 / hyfefjL3/ agfpg glbO ejg ;+lxtf / gu/kflnsfx?n]lgwf{l/t u/]sf] dfkb08nfO{ s8fO{sf;fy kfngf ug{nufOPsf] 5 . z'?df o;k|lt s]xL dflg;x?n] cfklQhgfPsf lyP . pgLx? cfˆg} 9+un] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{rfxGy] . t/ eljiodf klg x'g ;Sg] ljleGg k|sf]kk|lt clxn] g} Wofg lbg' kg]{ / zx/nfO{ of]hgfa49+un] lasf; ug{ clxn]sf] df}sf klg u'dfP kl5 km]l/k5'tfpg' kg]{ ePsf]n] z'?df la/f]w ug]{x? klg kl5r'k nfu] .

e"sDk kl5 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf k'gMlgdf{0f / gj lgdf{0f sfo{ yfngL ug'{ cl3 e"sDkn]eTsfPsf 3/x?sf] O{+6–df6f]–l;d]G6 cflbsf] y'k|f]

kG5fpgnfO{ g} w]/} ;do nfUof] . of] Ps aif{df To:tfy'k|fx?sf] s/Lj ^) k|ltzt dfq kG5fpg ;lsPsf]5 . 7fpF 7fpFdf cem} To:tf y'k|fx? b]lvG5g\ .

k|fljlws 6f]nLx?n] of] e"sDkn] sf7df8f}+

pkTosfsf] ef}lts ;Dkbfdfly kf/]sf] Ifltaf/] n]vfhf]vf u/]sf 5g\ . h; cg'?k sf7df8f}+ / nlntk'/df ) k|ltzt ejg dd{t g} x'g g;Sg] u/L eTs]sf5g\ . o;} u/L eQmk'/df &% k|ltzt ejg gi6ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . lghL 3/x? eTs]sf] sf/0fsf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf s/Lj ( nfv hgtf 3/jf/laxLg x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . o;/L 3/jf/ljxLg x'g k'u]sfx?dWo] cem xhf/f}+ JolQm c:yfO{ lzlj/x?df cf>olnO/x]sf 5g\ . cfly{s ?kdf ;Ifd x'g]x? cfˆgf] 3/k'gM lgdf{0f ub}{5g eg] s}of}+ 8]/f u/]/ al;/x]sf5g\ .

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf e"sDk kl5sf] k'gM lgdf{0fltj| ultdf rln/x]sf] 5 . e"sDkdf k/L 3/ gi6ePsfx?n] ^ dlxgf leq nfdf] ;do;Dd sfd lbg]c:yfO{ 3/–6x/f agfP/ a;] . ca gofF :yfoL kSsL3/ agfpg] qmd z'? ePsf] 5 . of] qmd cem s]xLaif{ ;Dd rNg] b]lvPs]f 5 .

e"sDkn] Ifltu|:t agfPsf] sf7df8f } +pkTosfsf] ljB't cfk"lt{ k|0ffnL ca k|foM ;t k|ltzt?kdf k'gM ;+rfng eO{;s]sf] 5 . e"sDk hfg' eGbfklxnfsf] h:tf] cj:yfdf ljB't cfk"lt{ ug{ eQmk'/df Ps jif{ ;do nfUof] . hasL pkTosfsf c?:yfgdf tLg dlxgfdf e"sDk k"j{sf] cj:yfdf ljB't;]jf k'¥ofOPsf] lyof] .

o;}u/L vfg] kfgL ljt/0f ;]jfnfO{ klge"sDk k"j{sf] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg eQmk'/df a9L ;donfUg] ePsf] 5 . pkTosfsf cGo efudf of] Ps jif{leq vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnL k'g:yf{kg e};s]sf]5 .t/ eQmk'/df vfg]kfgL ljt/0f ;]jfnfO{ e"sDk k"j{sf]cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg cem csf]{ 8]9 aif{ hlt nfUg]cg'dfg vfg]kfgLsf k|fljlws ljz]if1x?n] u/]sf5g\ . 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf sf7df8f}+ / nlntk'/df e"sDkuPsf] ( dlxgf leqdf ;t k|ltzt k'g:yf{kgf ePsf]lyof] . t/ eQmk'/ If]qdf o;sf] nflu Ps jif{ ;donfUof] .

e"sDkn] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf clwsf+z ;8s / k'nx?sf] dd{t ;'wf/ u/Lsfd rnfp cj:yfdf k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . u'x]Zj/L–uf}/L3f6df gofF k'n alg;s]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] af6f]af6;fgf]l7dL tkm{ hfg] dgf]x/f vf]nfdf gofF kSsL k'nlgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ hf/L /x]sf] 5 . :yfoL of]hgf cGtu{tkg]{ ;8s / k'nx?sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cfufdL jif{x?dfklg hf/L /xg] 5g\ .

e"sDksf] sf/0f 3fO{t] ePsf la/fdLx? cac:ktfndf 5}gg\ . t/ e"sDk kl5 nfdf] ;do;Dd

Ps jif{ kl5

lj= ;+= !(() sf] dxfe"sDk kl5 agfOPsf] /fhwfgL sf7df8f}sf] of] ÚgofF;8sÚ ca w]/} ;fF3'/f] cg'ej eO/x]sf] 5 .;fef/ M Pd= Pd= vfg, kmf]6f] sG;g{

3/ agfpFbf e"sDk k|lt/]fwspkfo ckgfpg' cToGt

h?/L 5 .

ejg ;+lxtf / lgdf{0flgb]{lzsf gckgfOPsf

3/x?sf] lg{df0fdf t'?Gt/f]s nufpg' kb{5 .

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e"sDkLo

kl/b[Zo

c:yfoL lzlj/x?df a:g' kbf{ :jf:Yosf] k|lts"njftfj/0fsf] sf/0f la/fdL k/]sfx? c:ktfndf pkrf/u/fO{/x]sf 5g\ . o;df laz]ifu/L s]6fs]6L / a[4x?5g\ .

vfBfGg cfk"lt{ nufot ahf/sf] l:ylt;fdfGo eO{;s]sf] 5 . t/ l;d]G6, O{+6, sf7, 808L,afn'jf h:tf cTofjZos lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx?sf] dfuHofb} a9L ePsf]n] cfk"lt{ kof{Kt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g\ .To;}n] oL ;fdu|Lx?sf] d"No klg rsf]{ 5 . HofdL,8sdL{, l;sdL{ b]lv lnP/ cf]e/l;o/, OlGhlgo/ /of]hgfsf/x? ;d]t cToGt Jo:t 5g\ . e"sDkk|lt/f]ws lgdf{0f k|ljlw k|lt ;a}sf] rf;f] a9]sf] 5 .ljz]ifu/L ;/sf/L lgsfox? ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg /Jofkfl/s tyf cf}Bf]lus lgsfox? o; k|lt a9LuDeL/ b]lvPsf 5g\ .

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] of]hgfa4 lasf; /e"sDkaf6 k|eflat ef}lts ;+/rgfx?sf] gj lgdf{0fsfnflu laleGg ldq /fi6«x? / bft[ ;+:yfx?af6 cg'bfg;xof]u ;fy} C0f ;xof]u k|fKt eO/x]sf ;dfrf/x?;+rf/ dfWodx?af6 cfO/x]sf 5g\ . sf7df8f} +pkTosfsf] gof+ of]hgf /]vfÍg eO{/x]sf] 5 . o'Pgl8kL,o'g]:sf], n'y/g jN8{ km]8/]zg, o'P;P8, hfO{sf,

lhl6h]8, sf]O{sf, ljZj a}+s, PlzofnL ljsf; a}+sh:tf bft[ ;+:yfx?n] o; pkTosfnfO{ k'ghL{jg lbgdfcf–cfˆgf] tkm{af6 of]ubfg k'¥ofO{ /x]sf 5g\ .

of] dxfe"sDkn] w]/} kf7 l;sfPsf] 5 .pkTosf leqsf ;a} gu/kflnsfx?n] k|fs[lts k|sf]kk|lt k"j{ tof/L ug{ / hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug{ k|fs[ltsk|sf]k lgoGq0f lgsfosf] :yfkgf u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy}sltko j8fx?df klg j8f:t/Lo o:tf OsfO{x? ag]sf5g\ . ljBfnox?df k|fs[lts k|sf]k / To;af6 aRg]pkfox? af/] ;}4flGts / k|of]ufTds ?kdf l;sfpgyflnPsf] 5 . ;]gf, k|x/L, :sfp6, /fli6«o ;]jf bncflbn] cfˆgf tflnd sfo{qmdx?df k|fs[lts k|sf]kJoj:yfkg, p4f/ tyf /fxt ljifonfO{ klxnfsf] eGbfw]/} dxTj lbO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L tyfljleGg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] klg e"sDkk|lt/f]ws lgdf{0f k|ljlw tyf k|sf]k ;DaGwL tflndk|lt ljz]if cle?lr b]vfPsf 5g\ . 3/ lgdf{0f ug]{x?n]ejg;+lxtf / lgdf{0f lgb]{lzsfnfO{ ulDe/tfk"j{s kfngful//x]sf 5g\ . oL ;j} ultljlwx?n] sf7df8f}+pkTosfjf;Lx?df eljio k|lt gofF cfzf / ljZjf;hufPsf] 5 .

e"sDk k|lt/f]ws lgdf{0fk|ljlw af/] a]nf–a]nfdf

tfnLd ;+rfng x'g' h?/L5 .

efO{rfn] e"sDkaf6 cf gf] afa' / kTgL u'dfPsf]cfh aif{ lbg eof] . p;n] ;fdfGo t/Lsfaf6 aif{ lbgsf]a/vL k'msfof] . p;sf 5/ l5d]sLx?n] klg To;} u/] .

a/vL k'ms]/ ;]tf] n'uf 5]f8] kl5 efO{rfnfO{Ps k|sf/sf] d'lQmsf] cfef; eof] . a/vLsf] lqmofsd{;lsP kl5 p;n] lat]sf] of] Ps aif{nfO{ ;lDemof] . of]Ps aif{ e/Ldf p;n] cfk'mdf w]/} 7'nf] kl/jt{g cfPsf]kfof] . Ps aif{ cuf8L cyf{t e"sDk cfO{ tx;–gx;kfg'{ eGbf cuf8L pm cfk'mnfO{ cNnf/] s]6f] ;lDem–GYof] . t/ clxn] pm cfk'm w]/} kfsf] eO;s]sf] / 7'nf]lhDd]jf/Lsf] af]em sfFwdf ePsf]dxz'z ul/–/x]sf] 5 .

of] Ps aif{df p;n]cfkm'df dfq xf]Og, cf gf]jl/k/L / sf7df8f}+ pkTosf el/g} 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] kfof] .klxn]sf ;fF3'/f uNnLx? clxn]km/flsnf] af6f] ag]sf 5g\ . e"sDkcl3sf k'/fgf 3/x? ePsf 7fpFdfclxn] gofF 3/x? ag]sf 5g\ eg]sltko 7fpFdf aGg] qmd hf/L g} 5 . klxnf v'nf 7fpFe]6g 6'Fl8v]n g} k'Ug' kg]{ sf7df8f}+df clxn] 7fpF 7fpFdfv'Nnf 7fpFx?e]l6G5g\ . e"sDkaf6 3/ Ifltu|:t eO{ c:yfoL lzlj–/x?df a;]sf sltko kl/jf/x? sfd rnfp 6x/f agfO{lzlj/af6 3/df kmls{;s]sf 5g\ . cfly{s cj:yf /fd|f]x'g]x?n] gofF 9fFrfdf / e"sDkaf6 xTklt Iflt gx'g]k|ljlwaf6 3/ agfP/ gofF 3/df ;/L ;s]sf 5g\ . t/cfly{s cj:yf /fd|f] gx'g]x? 3/ agfpg] /sd ;+sngub}{5g\ .

efO{rfn] of] aif{ 8sdL{ sfd u/L s]xL /sdhDdf u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] e"sDk kLl8tx?nfO{ lbPsf]C0f klg p;n] lnPsf] 5 . ca p;n] klg gofF 3/agfpg] z'/ ug{ yfn]sf] 5 .

e"sDk k|lt/f]ws lgdf{0f k|ljlwsf] tfnLdlnO{ 3]/} 7fpFdf 3/ lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg /xFbf p;n]kfPsf] 1fg / cg'ejnfO{ k|of]u u/L pm klg e"sDkk|lt/f]ws 3/ agfpg tlD;Psf] 5 . o:tf] k|ljlwaf63/ agfpgnfO{ yk a9L vr{ kb}{g, t/Lsf dfq hfg]k'Ubf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f] p;n] a'lem;s]sf] 5 .

p:sL cfdf kf]x/ eGbf o;kfnLw]/} un]sL l5g\ . pgL w]/} a[4 //f]uL h:tL b]lvlG5g\ . e"sDkn]kf/]sf] ddf{xt rf]6nfO{ ;don]s]xL sd ul/lbP klg k"/} d]6fPsf]5}g\ .p;sf] 5f]/f] & sIff pQL0f{ eO{

* sIffdf k'Uof] . k'm6an v]Ngc;dy{ eP klg v]ns'b k|ltsf]p;sf] cle?lr 36]sf] 5}g\ . p;sf]Wofg clxn] a'l4rfntkm{ uPsf]

5 . efO{rfsL ;fgL 5f]/L cem} dfdf 3/d} 5] . pm ;w}+5f]/LnfO{ ToxfF /fv]/ ;;'/fnLnfO{ b'Mv lbg rfx+b}g .gofF 3/ agfP kl5 p;n] 5]f/LnfO{ ;;'/fnLaf6 Nofpg]lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . t/ p;sf ;;'/fnLx?sf] ljrf/ a]Un}5 . pgLx? efO{rfsf] k'glj{jfx u/fpg] larf/df 5g\ .efO{rfsf] kl/jf/ ;DxfNg klg of] cTofjZos ePsf]pgLx?n] dxz'z u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx? cf g}gft]bf/;+u efO{rfsf] ljjfx ul/lbg] of]hgfdf 5g\ .a/vL k'ms]sf] s]xL lbg kl5 ;;'/fnLaf6 cfPsf] of]k|:tfjnfO{ efO{rfn] æklxnf 3/ agfcf++}, clg larf/u/f}nfÆ eGg] hjfkm lbPsf] 5 .

efO{rf gofF 3/ agfpg] t/v/df 5========

3/ agfpFbf aflx/af6 /fd|f]dfq b]lvg] xf]Og leq} b]lvalnof] x'g] u/L agfpg' xf];\ .

e"sDk cfkm}n] dflg; dfb}{g,unt / sdhf]/ 9+un]ul/Psf lgdf{0fx?n] g}dflg; df5{g\ eGg] tYo

gla;{g'xf];\ .

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