EARTHQUAKE SAFE BUILDING PRACTICES Dr. S. K. Prasad Professor of Civil Engineering S. J. College of Engineering Mysuru 570006 [email protected] Ph: +91-94496-21994
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
EARTHQUAKE SAFE BUILDING PRACTICES
Dr. S. K. PrasadProfessor of Civil EngineeringS. J. College of EngineeringMysuru [email protected]: +91-94496-21994
This presentation contains
• Learning from past earthquakes• Bhuj Earthquake (2001)• Latur Eathquake (1993)• Haiti Earthquake (2010)• East Japan Earthquake (2011)
•Fundamental definitions
•Syllabus for CV744
•References & Web sites
Bhuj Earthquakeof 26th January, 2001
(also called Gujarat / Kutch Earthquake)
Date January 26, 2001
Magnitude 7.7 Mw
Depth 16 km
Epicenter 23.419°N 70.232°E
Countries India
Max. intensity X
Casualties
20,000 deaths
1504,000 injured, 200,000 homeless
230,000 houses destroyed
400000 damaged, 18000 cattle dead
Damage estimate $1.3 billion USD
BHUJ EARTHQUAKE
BHUJ EARTHQUAKE 2001 – Location of Epicenter
Bachau Town after Bhuj Earthquake of 26th Jan 2001
Rapar Town after Bhuj Earthquake of 26th Jan 2001
BHUJ EARTHQUAKE – Collapse of building in Bhuj
BHUJ EARTHQUAKE – Heavy load vulnerable in Bhuj
BHUJ EARTHQUAKE – Fate of masonry office building
AKSHARDEEP APARTMENTS
Damaged Multi storied buildings in Ahmadabad
Latur Earthquakeof 30th September, 1993
(also called Killari Earthquake)
M = 6.2 MwDepth 12 km30th Sept 19933-56 am20000 deathsUnengineeredNo bandsNo keysPoor mortar
Latur Earthquake
Poor in resisting Horizontal force
100 km
Latur Earthquake of 30 Oct 1993
Latur Earthquake of 30 Oct 1993
Date 21:53:10, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
Magnitude 7.0 MW
Focal Depth
13 km
Epicenter location
Close to Port Au Prince
Countries affected
Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, The Bahamas, Jamaica
Max. intensity
MM X
Casualties
Deaths : 2.5 LakhInjured : 3 LakhDisplaced : 1.3 LakhHouses Destroyed : 1.0 LakhHouses Damaged : 2.0 Lakh
Out of 30 Lakh Population
HAITI EARTHQUAKE
See the Destruction from Birds eye view
Destruction from Birds eye view of Down Town
Destruction to subgrade of Road
Destruction of President’s Palace
Glimpse of Haiti Earthquake – FIRE, after effect
Glimpse of Haiti Earthquake - Dust, Pollution
Glimpse of Haiti Earthquake – Shocked Citizens
Comparison of Earthquake Safe Construction Capability
HAITI INDIA JAPAN
Haiti Earthquake Bhuj Earthquake Ryukyu Island Earthquake
Port Au Prince Bhuj, Gujarat 26 Feb 2010
12 Jan 2010 26 Jan 2001 Mw 7.0, 1 Death
Mw 7.0 Mw 7.7 Izu Island Earthquake
MM X MM X 9th Aug 2009
Focal Depth 13 km Focal Depth 15 km Mw 7.1, 0 Death
2.5 Lakh Deaths 20,000 Deaths Iwate Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake
3 Lakh Injured 1.67 Lakh Injured 14 June 2008
1.3 Lakh Displaced - Mw 6.9, 12 Deaths
1.0 Lakh Houses Destroyed 2.0 Lakh Houses Destroyed Noto Peninsula Earthquake
2.0 Lakh Houses Damaged 4.0 Lakh Houses Damaged 25 March 2007
Mw 6.9, 1 Death
Kuril Island Earthquake
15 Nov 2006
Mw 7.9, 0 Death
Recent
Japan Earthquakeof March 11, 2011
Epicenter of March 11th, 2011 Earthquake in Japan
Magnitude 9.0Intensity > XDate : Friday, the 11th March 2011Time : ~ 2.30 pm in JAPANLocation : 38.322o N and 148.369o EFocal depth 24.4 kmRegion : Near East Coast of Honshu island, JapanDistance 130 km east of Sendai
178 km east of Yamagata178 km east north-east of Fukushima373 km north east of Tokyo
Japan Earthquake
Honshu Island moved by 2.4 m
Duration of shaking 3 to 5 minutes
Number of after shocks > 400, some with M 7.2
Change in length of day caused by redistribution of earth mass : 1.8 microsecond shorter
Japan Earthquake
KNET station, Ishinomaki
Death Toll : More than 25000
Evacuated : About 5 Lakh People
Infrastructure : Entire towns were wiped off the map, Houses, cars, ships, buildings were washed away, roads buckled, highways collapsed, power lines tangled, railway tracks damaged
1.2 Lakh houses damaged, 15000 houses completely destroyed
Economic loss: USD 350 Billion (Rs.1750000 Crore)
Japan Earthquake
Satellite photo before and after the event
Fury of Tsunami Wave
Fury of Tsunami Wave
Fury of Tsunami Wave
Sendai Airport and its runway inundated by sea water and silt from Tsunami
Sendai Airport and its runway inundated by sea water and silt from Tsunami
Debris dumped – Includes cars & aircrafts
One of FUKUSHIMA nuclear Power Plants before and after the event
Nuclear radiationChernobyl radiation – Level 7Fukushima radiation – a close second
Ground Deformation
One half of the road failed, while the other survived
Manhole in Tokyo decided to visit above GROUND after the earthquake
Landslide and slope failure after the earthquake
Tsunami Wall or Dyke on east coast of Honshu, Japan
Inspite of huge shaking & Tsunami waves, permanent structures SURVIVED
Nature is SUPREME
We are still in the process of understanding NATURE
We are progressing gradually
Japan during & one year later (11/03/2012)
Date : Saturday, the 25th April 2015Location : 28.147°N & 84.708°ETime : ~ 11.41.26 am Focal depth 15 kmMagnitude 7.9Intensity > IX
Nepal earthquake of 2015
Nepal earthquake captured by CCTVs at several locations
Transfer of vibration to water in Swimming Pool during earthquake
Earthquake may be caused by volcanic eruption or by strain building process inside the earth mass.
UNPREDICTABLE
Vibrations of the earth surface caused by waves originating from a source of
disturbance in the earth mass
EARTHQUAKE
Focus and Epicenter of Earthquake
Earthquake Shaking
Earthquakes are UNPREDICTABLE!!!
Web-sites of organizations to consult
www.nidm.gov.in
www.ndma.gov.in
www.usgs.gov
www.nicee.org
www.bosai.go.jp
www.adpc.net
www.unocha.org
www.moes.gov.in
dmc.kar.nic.in
www.dst.gov.in
https://www.geonet.org.nz/
INDIAN STANDARDS FOR EARTHQUAKE DESIGN
IS : 1893 –2002
Criteria for Earthquake Design of Structures
IS : 4326 –1976
Code of Practice for Earthquake Resistant Design & Construction of Buildings
IS : 13920 –1993
Code of Practice for Ductile Detailing of R C Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces
SP: 22 Explanatory Handbook on Codes for Earthquake Engineering
Different Parts of IS:1893
Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings
Part 2 Liquid Retaining Tanks– Elevated and Ground Supported
Part 3 Bridges and Retaining Walls
Part 4 Industrial Structures Including Stack Like Structures
Part 5 Dams and Embankments
Syllabus of CV744Introduction to Earthquake Engineering
Chapter #
CO Topic
1 I Vibration theory of SDoF system
2 II Engineering Seismology
3 II Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering
4 II Earthquake Disaster Management
5 III Performance of RC Structures
6 III Performance of Masonry Structures
7 IV Philosophy of Earthquake Resistant Design
8 IV Methods of analysis and determination of lateral force
Text Books & References
S No
Authors Details
1 P. Agarwal & M. Shirkhande
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, PHI, 2006
2 S.L. Kramer Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, PHI, 1996
3 S.K. Jain & C.V.R. Murthy
Earthquake Tips, NICEE, IIT Kanpur, 2009
4 S.K. Duggal Earthquake resistant design of structures, Oxford University Press, 2007
5 Bureau of Indian Standards
All relevant IS Codes, specially IS 1893, Part 1, 2002
Summary
Earthquake Resistant
Construction
Is prediction ofearthquake possible?????
Perhaps each one of you can get noble prize for providing scientific proof of different available methods.
Animals, fishes and birds are considered Better predictors.
Prediction is still an art. Present advances in technology can not predict, control or Stop earthquakes. We can only attempt To control the damaging effects.
January 2001 January 2003
26th January 2001Bhuj Earthquake of 7.2 Mw Killed > 20000 people
Earthquake Resistant Construction - Bunga
Why Elevator survived, when rest collapsed ?(in Ahmedabad during the Bhuj earthquake of Jan 2001)
You do anything, people do not recognize, they even criticize.Do those things which bring you pride
Related Documents
