Earth, Sun, Moon Notes · Notes 7th Grade Science . ... Sun – Earth - Moon Only occur during full moon. Solar Eclipse Sun – Moon – Earth Only occur during new moon. Solar Eclipse.

Earth, Sun, Moon Notes

7th Grade Science

What do you know about astrology???

● The earth is closer to the sun in summer than in the winter.○ False

● It is impossible to see the moon during the daytime.○ False

● The same side of the moon always faces the earth.○ True

What do you know about astrology???

● Half of the moon is dark and half of the moon is

illuminated at all times (except during an eclipse).○ True

● Half of the earth is dark and half of the earth is

illuminated at all times (except during an eclipse).○ True

● The earth takes 24 hours to make one revolution.○ False

What do you know about astrology???

● Seasons change due to the distance the earth is

from the sun.○ False

● Night happens when the earth goes behind the sun.○ False

● The moon and sun both affect the tide.○ True

● The sun is a star.○ True

Astronomy

● Astronomy- the study of the moon,

stars, and other objects in space.

Axis

● Axis- the imaginary line that passes through

Earth’s center and the North and South poles.

● The tilt of the earth’s axis is 23.5 degrees

● The Earth’s axis always points in the same

direction.

Rotation

● Rotation- the spinning of the earth on its axis.

● The earth rotates on its axis one time in a 24

hour span. (DAY)

● The earth’s rotation on its axis causes night

and day.

Day vs. Night

Revolution and Orbit

● Revolution- the movement of an object around

another object. (YEAR)

○ It takes the earth 365.25 days to make one

revolution around the sun.

● Orbit- the path of an object as it revolves

around another object in space

Rotation vs. Revolution

Rotation vs. Revolution

Reason for the Seasons

● Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted as

it moves around the sun.

● When the northern hemisphere points toward

the sun we experience summer.

● When the southern hemisphere points toward

the sun we experience winter.

Reason for the Seasons

● Direct rays- Sun’s rays that hit the earth at a

right angle (concentrated)

● Indirect rays- Sun’s ray that hit the earth at a

slant (spread out over larger area)

Reason for the Seasons

Reason for the Seasons

Reason for the Seasons

Solstice vs. Equinox

● Solstice- Either the northern or southern

hemisphere is pointing to the sun.

● Equinox- Neither end of the Earth’s axis is

tilted toward the sun. (Equal day and night)

Earth’s Solstice

Earth’s Equinox

Solstice vs. Equinox

http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/solsticeandequinox/

Part 2—Phases,

Eclipses and Tides

The Moon

● The moon makes one rotation in 27.3 days.

(MOON DAY)

● The moon makes one revolution in 27.3 days.

(MOON YEAR)

● The moon’s “day” and “year” are the same.

Because of this, we see the same side of the moon.

The Moon

● The phases of the moon depend on how

much of the lighted side of the moon can be

seen from Earth.

● When the moon’s shadow hits Earth or

Earth’s shadow hits the moon, an eclipse

occurs.

The Moon

Lunar vs. Solar Eclipse

● Lunar Eclipse○ Sun – Earth - Moon

● Only occur during full moon.

● Solar Eclipse○ Sun – Moon – Earth

● Only occur during new moon.

Solar Eclipse

Lunar Eclipse

Lunar vs. Solar Eclipse

Tides

Tides

● The force of gravity between the Earth and

moon and between the sun and moon

affecting our oceans causing high and low

tides.

Spring vs. Neap Tides

● Spring Tide- Sun

and moon are in

line.

● Neap Tide- Sun and

moon are at a right

angle to the earth.

Moon Phases

Moon Phases