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Earth Science Topic #12 Review GameEarth Science Topic #12 Review Game

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The younger extrusive igneous rocks on the ocean floor have a higher heat flow rate than older extrusive igneous rocks. Which graph best shows the relationship between heat flow rate and distance from the mid ocean ridge?

A CB D

The first S-wave arrived at a seismograph station 11 minutes after an earthquake occurred. How long after the arrival of the first P-wave did this first S-wave arrive?

a. 3 min 15 sb. 4 min 55 sc. 6 min 05 sd. 9 min 00 s

Which map best indicates the probable locations of continents 100 million years from now if tectonic plate movement continues at its present rate and direction?

A

DC

B

Base your answer on A seismogram recorded at a seismic station is shown below.

Which information can be determined by using this seismogram?

a. the depth of the earthquake's focusb. the direction to the earthquake's focusc. the location of the earthquake's epicenterd. the distance to the earthquake's epicenter

Base your answer on the map below. Letters A through F are locations on Earth’s surface.

Which location is closest to a divergent plate boundary at an oceanic ridge?

a. A b. Bc. C d. E

Base your answer to the next question on the earthquake seismogram below.

When did the first P-waves arrive at this seismic station?

a. 3 minutes after an earthquake occurred 2,600 km awayb. 5 minutes after an earthquake occurred 2,600 km awayc. 9 minutes after an earthquake occurred 3,500 km awayd. 11 minutes after an earthquake occurred 3,500 km away

Base your answer on The seismogram below shows P-wave and S-wave arrival times at a seismic station following an earthquake.

The distance from this seismic station to the epicenter of the earthquake is approximately

a. 1,600 kmb. 3,200 kmc. 4,400 kmd. 5,600 km

What is the approximate difference in arrival times of the P-waves and the S-waves at a seismographic station that is 3,000 kilometers from an earthquake epicenter?

a. 2 min 15 secb. 3 min 40 secc. 4 min 30 secd. 5 min 40 sec

Base your answer on Which map best represents the general pattern of magnetism in the oceanic bedrock near the mid-Atlantic Ridge?

A

DC

B

Base your answer on The diagram below shows a cross section of sedimentary rock layers.

Which statement about the deposition of the sediments best explains why these layers have the curved shape shown?

a. Sediments were deposited in horizontal layers and later disturbed by crustal activity.b. Sediments were deposited on an uneven curving seafloor.c. Sediments were deposited after widespread volcanic eruptions.d. Sediments were deposited between two diverging oceanic plates.

If a seismograph recording station located 5,700 kilometers from an epicenter receives a P-wave at 4:45 p.m., at which time did the earthquake actually occur at the epicenter?

a. 4:24 p.m.b. 4:29 p.m.c. 4:36 p.m.d. 4:56 p.m.

Active volcanoes are most abundant along the

a. edges of tectonic platesb. eastern coastline of continentsc. 23.5° N and 23.5° S parallels of latituded. equatorial ocean floor

What is the approximate percentage by volume of oxygen in the crust of the Earth?

a. 20%b. 30%c. 70%d. 90%

Base your answer to the next question on the diagram below, which shows details of a section of a rift valley in the center of a mid-ocean ridge. The vertical lines in the diagram represent faults and fractures within the ocean floor bedrock.

What will be the primary result of the continuation of the geologic processes indicated at this location?

a. Earths magnetic field will reverse direction.b. Continental crust will be forced downward.c. Earths circumference will increase.d. New oceanic crust will form.

Base your answer on the diagram below, which represents seismic stations A, B, and C. The distance from each station to an earthquake’s epicenter is plotted.

The P-wave of an earthquake originating 2,600 kilometers from seismic station A arrived at 5:24:45 a.m. What was the arrival time of the S-wave from the same earthquake?

a. 1:24:45 a.m. b. 5:21:05 a.m.c. 5:28:45 a.m. d. 9:24:05 a.m.

The P-waves (compressional waves) from an earthquake travel through the Earth's

a. crust, onlyb. crust and mantle, onlyc. crust, mantle, and inner core, onlyd. crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core

The Himalaya Mountains are located along a portion of the southern boundary of the Eurasian Plate. At the top of Mt. Everest (29,028 feet) in the Himalaya Mountains, climbers have found fossilized marine shells in the surface bedrock. From this observation, which statement is the best inference about the origin of the Himalaya Mountains?

a. The Himalaya Mountains were formed by volcanic activity.b. Sea level has been lowered more than 29,000 feet since the shells were fossilized.c. The bedrock containing the fossil shells is part of an uplifted seafloor.d. The Himalaya Mountains formed at a divergent plate boundary.

Which statement about the Earth's mantle is correct?

a. The density of the mantle is greatest 300 km below the Earth's surface.b. The highest temperatures within the Earth occur in the mantle.c. The greatest pressures within the Earth exist in the mantle.d. The temperature of the mantle 300 km below the Earth's surface is very near its melting point.

Which statement correctly compares seismic P-waves with seismic S-waves?

a. P-waves travel faster than S-waves and pass through Earth’s liquid zones.b. P-waves travel faster than S-waves and do not pass through Earth’s liquid zones.c. P-waves travel slower than S-waves and pass through Earth’s liquid zones.d. P-waves travel slower than S-waves and do not pass through Earth’s liquid zones.

Which combination of temperature and pressure is inferred to occur within Earth’s stiffer mantle?

a. 3500°C and 0.4 million atmospheresb. 3500°C and 2.0 million atmospheresc. 5500°C and 0.4 million atmospheresd. 5500°C and 2.0 million atmospheres

Base your answer on the map below which shows the locations of deep-sea core drilling sites numbered 1 through 4. The approximate location of the diverging plate at the East Pacific Ridge is shown by a dashed line. Point A is located on the East Pacific Ridge.

Compared to the thickness and density of the continental crust of South America, the oceanic crust of the Pacific floor is

a. thinner and less denseb. thinner and more densec. thicker and less densed. thicker and more dense

Base your answer on The map below shows the location of an earthquake epicenter in New York State. Seismic stations A, B, and C received the data used to locate the earthquake epicenter.

The seismogram recorded at station A would show the

a. arrival of P-waves, onlyb. earliest arrival time of P-wavesc. greatest difference in the arrival times of P-waves and S-wavesd. arrival of S-waves before the arrival of P-waves

Base your answer on The diagram below represents a cross section of a portion of the Earth's crust.

Which past activity in this region is suggested by the shape of these sedimentary rock layers?

a. widespread volcanic activity b. horizontal sortingc. glacial deposition d. crustal movements

The Earth's core is believed to be composed primarily of

a. oxygen and siliconb. aluminum and siliconc. iron and nickeld. carbon and iron

Which diagram correctly shows how mantle convection currents are most likely moving beneath colliding lithospheric plates?

A

DC

B

Which element is most abundant in Earth's crust?

a. nitrogenb. hydrogenc. oxygend. silicon

Base your answer on The diagram below shows the bedrock structure beneath a series of hills.

Which process was primarily responsible for forming the hills?

a. foldingb. faultingc. depositiond. vulcanism

Rock strata containing fossils of shark's teeth are found at an elevation of 5,000 meters. Which process most likely caused the shark's teeth to be located at this elevation?

a. crustal subsidenceb. ocean floor spreadingc. crustal upliftd. continental glaciation

Base your answer on The photograph below shows a large crater located in the southwestern United States.

Some fragments taken from the site have a nickel-iron composition. This evidence indicates that the crater probably was formed by

a. the impact of a meteorite from spaceb. the collapse of a cavern roofc. an eruption of a volcanod. an underwater explosion of steam

The rock between 2,900 kilometers and 5,200 kilometers below the Earth's surface is inferred to be

a. an iron-rich solidb. an iron-rich liquidc. a silicate-rich solidd. a silicate-rich liquid