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Earth Science, 12e (Tarbuck/Lutgens)Chapter 12: Earth's Evolution through Geologic Time
1)
Which of the following gases was NOT part of Earth's original atmosphere? A)
water vapor B)
carbon dioxide C)
nitrogen D)
oxygen E)
both A and C Answer:
D Diff: 1
2)
The most common Precambrian fossils are ________, layered mounds of calcium carbonate. A)
During the early Paleozoic era, South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, India, and perhaps China comprised the vast southern continent of ________.
A)
Europe B)
Laurasia C)
Gondwanaland D)
Antindia E)
Pangaea Answer:
C Diff: 1
8)
Which type of bacteria thrive in environments that lack free oxygen? A)
As they formed, due to their high temperatures and comparatively weak gravitational fields, which planets were unable to retain appreciable amounts of hydrogen, helium, and ammonia?
A)
Jupiter and Neptune B)
Mercury and Earth C)
Uranus and Pluto D)
Jupiter and Uranus E)
Neptune and Uranus Answer:
B Diff: 1
21)
Abundant fossil evidence did not appear in the geologic record until about ________. A)
Which era is sometimes called the "age of dinosaurs?" A)
Pleistocene B)
Cenozoic C)
Cretaceous D)
Mesozoic E)
none of the above Answer:
D Diff: 1
39)
During the ________ era, the westward-moving North American plate began to override the Pacific plate, eventually causing the tectonic activity that ultimately formed the mountains of western North America.
Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
46)
A. Cambrian B. Mississippian C. Jurassic D. Devonian Answer:
C Diff: 1
47)
A. trilobites B. brachiopods C. fish D. dinosaurs Answer:
D Diff: 1
48)
A. Cenozoic B. Phanerozoic C. Mesozoic D. Paleozoic Answer:
B Diff: 1
49)
The decay of radioactive atoms, coupled with heat released by colliding particles, produced at least some melting of Earth's early interior.
Answer:
TRUE Diff: 1
50)
We are now living in the Mesozoic era. Answer:
FALSE Diff: 1
51)
Most Mesozoic rocks are devoid of fossils; consequently this is the least understood span of Earth's history.
During the Cenozoic era, the eastern and western margins of North America experienced similar geologic events.
Answer:
FALSE Diff: 1
63)
The large outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) contain huge amounts of hydrogen and other light materials as part of their composition.
Answer:
TRUE Diff: 1
64)
Fossil fuels are abundant in Precambrian rocks. Answer:
FALSE Diff: 1
65)
A major event of the Mesozoic era was the breakup of the supercontinent called Pangaea. Answer:
FALSE Diff: 1
66)
The fault-block mountains of Nevada and Mexico formed during the Cenozoic era. Answer:
TRUE Diff: 1
67)
When Earth's primitive surface cooled below water's boiling point, torrential rains slowly filled low areas, forming oceans.
Western North America is the leading edge of the ________ plate. Answer:
North American Diff: 1
93)
Extensive deposits of ________ ore are found worldwide in Precambrian rocks. Answer:
iron Diff: 1
94)
In North America (including Greenland), the vast exposure of Precambrian rocks, called the ________ Shield, encompasses 2.8 million square miles.
Answer:
Canadian Diff: 1
95)
The development of ________, organisms that reproduce sexually and have cells that contain nuclei, may have increased dramatically the rate of evolutionary change.
Answer:
eukaryotes Diff: 1
96)
Human evolution takes place during the ________ period of the ________ era. Answer:
Quaternary; Cenozoic Diff: 1
97)
Fossils that are not of the animals themselves, but of their activities, such as trails and wormholes, are referred to as ________ fossils.
Primitive organisms, called ________, reproduce asexually and contain cells that lack organized nuclei.
Answer:
prokaryotes Diff: 1
104)
Toward the end of the Mesozoic era, the ________ orogeny formed the southern ranges of the Rocky Mountains.
Answer:
Laramide Diff: 1
105)
One hypothesis for the extinction that took place at the end of the Mesozoic is that a large ________ collided with Earth.
Answer:
asteroid (or comet) Diff: 1
Critical Thinking and Discussion. Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter 12 to answer the questions below.
106)
Compare and contrast the patterns of life in the Paleozoic Era to the Mesozoic Era. What are the major differences between these two eras? Are there similarities or similar trends?
Diff: 2
107)
Why is it so difficult to interpret the geology of the Precambrian? How are these difficulties or limitations different in the younger eras of the Phanerozoic Eon? Finally, are there unique rocks or events in the Precambrian that are not present in younger rocks?
Diff: 2
108)
Examine Figure 12.13 below which illustrates the distribution of cratons and orogens (mountain belts) on Earth today. Briefly discuss how have these regions have developed
over time using the concept of plate tectonics. Include the relationship between specific types of plate boundaries to the various regions if possible.