EARTH MATERIALS EQ:What materials compose the Earth? CLASSROOM UNSQUARED
Jan 05, 2016
EARTH MATERIALS
EQ:What materials compose the Earth?
CLASSROOMUNSQUARED
Leave no Tern
Unstoned!
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Earth Material’s Chemistry
Naturally-occurring elements and compounds are called minerals.
Naturally occurring mixtures of minerals, large deposits of single minerals, or organic materials are called rocks.
Properties of Minerals
Inorganic Crystalline or amorphous Chemical composition Luster (metallic or nonmetallic) Color Hardness (1-10 Moh’s scale) Streak (color of powdered mineral) Specific Gravity Special – magnetic, reacts with acid, ore
Mineralogy
•Silicates
Quartz group (SiO2) Ex. agate, jasper, chert, amethyst, opal
Olivine (Mg,Fe,Mn,Ni)2SiO4
Pyroxene (various -Si2O6 compounds, mostly Fe and Mg)
Amphibole (various –Si8O22 compounds)
Feldspar (various –Si3O8 compounds, mostly Ca, Na, K)
Garnet (various –SiO4 compounds)
Mica (various –AlSi3O10 compounds)
•Native elements Ex. Cu, Ag, Au, S, C (diamond or graphite)
•Sulfides Ex. FeS2 pyrite, PbS galena •Oxides Ex. Magnetite Fe3O4, cuprite Cu2O, hematite Fe2O3
•Halides Ex. NaCl Halite
•Carbonates Ex. CaCO3 calcite, limestone or azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
•Sulfates Ex. CaSO4.2H2O gypsum
•Phosphates ( -PO4 compounds)
HELP…THIS IS
BORINGGGGGGGGG
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STILL BORING !!!!!!!!!!
Rocks (Petrology)•Types: Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary•Varying chemistry (minerals: natural compounds)•Varying textures
–Crystalline–Foliated–Clastic
•Varying structures–Strata–Massive–Cross-cutting
•Varying ages (relative and absolute age-dating)
–Sedimentary: when deposited– Igneous: age starts when freezes– Metamorphic: when altered by heat/pressure
Rock Texture: Crystalline
Thin Sections:
Dolomite (( Ca, Mg) CO3)
Granite (4 minerals)
Igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary
Rock Texture: Foliated
Thin Sections:Phyllite
Schist
Metamorphic
Rock Texture: Clastic
Thin Sections:Sandstone (SiO2 -quartz)
Shale (quartz + clay minerals)
Sedimentary
Rock StructuresStrata (layers, bedding)
Sedimentary
StructureMassive
Igneous or sometimes Sedimentary
StructureDeformed strata or foliation
Sedimentary or Metamorphic
What are some online resources?
http://teacherfriendlyguide.org
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Home.jsp
http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0610/es0610page02.cfm