Earth Boot Camp #2 5.7B Recognize how landforms such as deltas, canyons, and sand dunes are the result of changes to Earth’s surface by wind, water, and.

Earth Boot Camp #25.7B

Recognize how landforms such as deltas, canyons, and sand dunes are the result of changes to Earth’s surface by wind, water,

and ice.

MS ?’s start on #87

51. The illustrations to the right show how a barrier island changed over a four year period. What is the most likely cause of the changes to the barrier island?

A Animals living in the ocean added materials to the

barrier island.B The light energy from the sun directly altered the shoreline.C The wave action of the ocean changed the shape of the barrier island.D Pollution from industry caused the ocean to shrink..

51. The illustrations to the right show how a barrier island changed over a four year period. What is the most likely cause of the changes to the barrier island?

A Animals living in the ocean added materials to the

barrier island.B The light energy from the sun directly altered the shoreline.C The wave action of the ocean changed the shape of the barrier island.D Pollution from industry caused the ocean to shrink..

52. Which of the following would make the quickest change to the Earth’s surface?

A erosionB weatheringC earthquakeD deposition

52. Which of the following would make the quickest change to the Earth’s surface?

A erosionB weatheringC earthquakeD deposition

53. Which of the following areas is most likely to change the most due to erosion?

A A sloping area covered with bushesB A flat area covered with grassC A flat area without vegetationD A sloping area without vegetation

53. Which of the following areas is most likely to change the most due to erosion?

A A sloping area covered with bushesB A flat area covered with grassC A flat area without vegetationD A sloping area without vegetation

54. Small holes started to form in the marble steps and statues of a court house. What most likely caused this damage?

A WeatheringB WindC SunlightD Erosion

54. Small holes started to form in the marble steps and statues of a court house. What most likely caused this damage?

A WeatheringB WindC SunlightD Erosion

55. Water with a high acid content that falls as rain is called acid rain. What is an effect of acid rain falling on rocks? The acid rain—

A causes the rocks to tumble togetherB seeps into cracks and freezesC dissolves rocks into smaller piecesD causes erosion and washes rocks away

55. Water with a high acid content that falls as rain is called acid rain. What is an effect of acid rain falling on rocks? The acid rain—

A causes the rocks to tumble togetherB seeps into cracks and freezesC dissolves rocks into smaller piecesD causes erosion and washes rocks away

56. Which of the following is an example of erosion?

A Wind blowing across a field and picking up dust and small rocks

B Sediment falling to the bottom of a lake or ocean

C The breaking up of rocks due to the effects of freezing water

D The formation of stalactites in underground caves

56. Which of the following is an example of erosion?

A Wind blowing across a field and picking up dust and small rocks

B Sediment falling to the bottom of a lake or ocean (weathering)

C The breaking up of rocks due to the effects of freezing water (weathering)

D The formation of stalactites in underground caves (deposition)

57. What could be done to stop soil erosion on the side of hills?

A Build dams to keep water from running down the hillsides.B Plant more trees and grass on eroding hillsides.C Remove all trees and grass from eroding hillsides.D Spray a lot of water on the hillside to keep the dirt wet.

57. What could be done to stop soil erosion on the side of hills?

A Build dams to keep water from running down the hillsides.B Plant more trees and grass on eroding hillsides.C Remove all trees and grass from eroding hillsides.D Spray a lot of water on the hillside to keep the dirt wet.

58. What two forces are the main causes of erosion?

A Deposition and weatheringB Gravity and evaporationC Precipitation and gravityD Moving wind and water

58. What two forces are the main causes of erosion?

A Deposition and weatheringB Gravity and evaporationC Precipitation and gravityD Moving wind and water

59. When water moves through layers of limestone underground and mixes with carbon dioxide (CO2), an acid is produced. This acid can dissolve some limestone. Which of the following might be created as a result of the dissolving limestone?

A Grassy plainsB Barrier islandsC Rivers or bayousD Underground caves

59. When water moves through layers of limestone underground and mixes with carbon dioxide (CO2), an acid is produced. This acid can dissolve some limestone. Which of the following might be created as a result of the dissolving limestone?

A Grassy plainsB Barrier islandsC Rivers or bayousD Underground caves

60. The speed at which sediments change to rocks can be described as—

A instantly over a short period of timeB quickly over a long period of timeC slowly over a long period of timeD slowly over a short period of time

60. The speed at which sediments change to rocks can be described as—

A instantly over a short period of timeB quickly over a long period of timeC slowly over a long period of timeD slowly over a short period of time

61. What is being demonstrated in the illustration above?

A How oceans affect nearby landB How erosion changes landformsC How earthquakes create mountainsD How fossil fuels formed long ago

61. What is being demonstrated in the illustration above?

A How oceans affect nearby landB How erosion changes landformsC How earthquakes create mountainsD How fossil fuels formed long ago

62. When comparing a picture of the Davis Mountains taken 140 years ago to one taken in 2007, a student was surprised to see that the mountains looked smaller and more rounded now than they did in the past. Which of the following best explains why the Davis Mountains now look old and worn?

A Wind and water weathered the mountains, causing parts of them to wear away.B Many people traveled across the mountains, causing parts of them to wear away.C A lot of heavy rainfall fell on the mountains causing them to shrink away.D A glacier passed over the mountains, causing parts of them to break off and wear away.

62. When comparing a picture of the Davis Mountains taken 140 years ago to one taken in 2007, a student was surprised to see that the mountains looked smaller and more rounded now than they did in the past. Which of the following best explains why the Davis Mountains now look old and worn?

A Wind and water weathered the mountains, causing parts of them to wear away.B Many people traveled across the mountains, causing parts of them to wear away.C A lot of heavy rainfall fell on the mountains causing them to shrink away.D A glacier passed over the mountains, causing parts of them to break off and wear away.

63. Which characteristics would most likely be present on a rock found at the bottom of a river or stream?

A Stripes and lots of colorsB Fossils and bits of glassC Rough, sharp edgesD Smooth, rounded edges

63. Which characteristics would most likely be present on a rock found at the bottom of a river or stream?

A Stripes and lots of colorsB Fossils and bits of glassC Rough, sharp edgesD Smooth, rounded edges

64. Fast moving water in a river or a stream often carries sediments. As the water slows down, these sediments are left along the banks or the bottom of the river or stream. This process of leaving sediments in a new place is called—

A erosionB pollutionC depositionD weathering

64. Fast moving water in a river or a stream often carries sediments. As the water slows down, these sediments are left along the banks or the bottom of the river or stream. This process of leaving sediments in a new place is called—

A erosionB pollutionC depositionD weathering

65. A fisherman noticed that the river where he did most of his fishing seemed to be shallower than it was 10 years ago. Which of the following might have caused this to happen?

A The fish drank up the river water and made it seem shallower.B Deposition of sediments on the river bottom made it shallower.C The level of water in the oceans rose causing it to be shallower.D A heavy rainfall caused a large amount of water to flow downstream.

65. A fisherman noticed that the river where he did most of his fishing seemed to be shallower than it was 10 years ago. Which of the following might have caused this to happen?

A The fish drank up the river water and made it seem shallower.B Deposition of sediments on the river bottom made it shallower.C The level of water in the oceans rose causing it to be shallower.D A heavy rainfall caused a large amount of water to flow downstream.

66. How do plants most commonly break large rocks into smaller pieces?

A Plant leaves insulate surrounding rocks from extreme temperatures.B Plant roots grow in cracks in the rocks. C Seeds from plants fall onto rocks and release acidic compounds. D Stems of plants surround and squeeze rocks.

66. How do plants most commonly break large rocks into smaller pieces?

A Plant leaves insulate surrounding rocks from extreme temperatures.B Plant roots grow in cracks in the rocks. C Seeds from plants fall onto rocks and release acidic compounds. D Stems of plants surround and squeeze rocks.

67. Study the picture above. What forces most likely led to the stream flowing through the layer of limestone rather than the layer of shale?

A Erosion and depositionB Weathering and glaciersC Erosion and weatheringD Weathering and freezing

67. Study the picture above. What forces most likely led to the stream flowing through the layer of limestone rather than the layer of shale?

A Erosion and depositionB Weathering and glaciersC Erosion and weatheringD Weathering and freezing

Study the picture below. Use it to answer the question.

68. Weathering by wind and rain changes the features of any landscape over time. Which of the following will most likely happen to the pictured area over time?

A Nothing will happen.B The river will reverse its flow.C The sand dunes will become smaller.D An ocean will form in the flat plains.

Study the picture below. Use it to answer the question.

68. Weathering by wind and rain changes the features of any landscape over time. Which of the following will most likely happen to the pictured area over time?

A Nothing will happen.B The river will reverse its flow.C The sand dunes will become smaller.D An ocean will form in the flat plains.

69. Which of the following will MOST likely cause a rock to break into smaller pieces?

A Dew evaporating on the rockB Tree leaves decaying on the rockC Snow melting in a crack in the rockD Water freezing in a crack in the rock

69. Which of the following will MOST likely cause a rock to break into smaller pieces?

A Dew evaporating on the rockB Tree leaves decaying on the rockC Snow melting in a crack in the rockD Water freezing in a crack in the rock

70. Over long periods of time, flowing rivers can carve passages through solid rock and form canyons. Even if the river dries up, wind can continue to blow through these passages in the rock. Which of the following best tells why erosion continues to occur in canyons even if there is no flowing river present?

A During the winter, ice forms in the canyons and breaks up the rock.

B The blowing wind carries sand which breaks up and wears away the rock over time.

C Rainfall increases in the dry canyons and causes the rock to wear away.

D People walking in the canyons cause the rocks to break up and cause landslides.

70. Over long periods of time, flowing rivers can carve passages through solid rock and form canyons. Even if the river dries up, wind can continue to blow through these passages in the rock. Which of the following best tells why erosion continues to occur in canyons even if there is no flowing river present?

A During the winter, ice forms in the canyons and breaks up the rock.

B The blowing wind carries sand which breaks up and wears away the rock over time.

C Rainfall increases in the dry canyons and causes the rock to wear away.

D People walking in the canyons cause the rocks to break up and cause landslides.

71. Which of the following processes is MOST responsible for shaping this arch?

A Plate tectonicsB EarthquakesC DepositionD Weathering

71. Which of the following processes is MOST responsible for shaping this arch?

A Plate tectonicsB EarthquakesC DepositionD Weathering

A science class built the models shown below during an experiment.

72. Students poured the same amount of water in the dirt at the top of both models. They observed that most of the dirt eroded out of the container in Model A and that only a small amount of dirt eroded out of the container in Model B. Which of the following processes were the students MOST LIKELY studying?

A Volcanic eruptionsB The rock cycleC EarthquakesD Erosion

A science class built the models shown below during an experiment.

72. Students poured the same amount of water in the dirt at the top of both models. They observed that most of the dirt eroded out of the container in Model A and that only a small amount of dirt eroded out of the container in Model B. Which of the following processes were the students MOST LIKELY studying?

A Volcanic eruptionsB The rock cycleC EarthquakesD Erosion

73. Under which conditions will the MOST erosion occur?

A Fast moving water flowing in a straight courseB Fast moving water flowing in a winding courseC Slow moving water flowing in a straight courseD Slow moving water flowing in a winding course

73. Under which conditions will the MOST erosion occur?

A Fast moving water flowing in a straight courseB Fast moving water flowing in a winding courseC Slow moving water flowing in a straight courseD Slow moving water flowing in a winding course

74. Over time the features of statues located outside often become rounded and less detailed. What MOST LIKELY causes this change?

A RadiationB DepositionC WeatheringD Sedimentation

74. Over time the features of statues located outside often become rounded and less detailed. What MOST LIKELY causes this change?

A RadiationB DepositionC WeatheringD Sedimentation

75. Which of the following destructive forces is a SLOW process that could have helped shape the canyon?

A An earthquakeB ErosionC DepositionD A volcano

75. Which of the following destructive forces is a SLOW process that could have helped shape the canyon?

A An earthquakeB ErosionC DepositionD A volcano

76. Weathering is the process that—

A moves sediments from place to placeB breaks rock down into smaller piecesC builds new landforms from deposited

sedimentD removes water from the Earth’s surface

76. Weathering is the process that—

A moves sediments from place to place (erosion)

B breaks rock down into smaller pieces

C builds new landforms from deposited sediment (deposition)

D removes water from the Earth’s surface (evaporation)

77. Which of these materials will erode the most during a strong wind?

A Sand in a desertB Pebbles near a riverC Soil under a grassy fieldD Boulders on a mountainside

77. Which of these materials will erode the most during a strong wind?

A Sand in a desertB Pebbles near a riverC Soil under a grassy fieldD Boulders on a mountainside

78. A scientist found a large rock wedged on the bank of a rushing river. Twenty years later, he went back and found the same rock. What might be one difference he notices about the rock now?

A It is larger than it was.B It is composed of different things.C It is the exact size it was 20 years ago.D It is worn down where the water touches it.

78. A scientist found a large rock wedged on the bank of a rushing river. Twenty years later, he went back and found the same rock. What might be one difference he notices about the rock now?

A It is larger than it was.B It is composed of different things.C It is the exact size it was 20 years ago.D It is worn down where the water touches it.

The diagram below shows the land surface changes caused by a river flowing through an area for many years.

After Before

79. Which of the following processes MOST LIKELY caused the changes shown?A CondensationB ErosionC EvaporationD Rotation

The diagram below shows the land surface changes caused by a river flowing through an area for many years.

After Before

79. Which of the following processes MOST LIKELY caused the changes shown?A CondensationB ErosionC EvaporationD Rotation

The depth of the pond in the pictures below has decreased slowly over several years.

80. Which of the following processes MOST LIKELY caused the changes shown?

A Soil erosionB Crust faultingC Water evaporationD Rock formation

The depth of the pond in the pictures below has decreased slowly over several years.

80. Which of the following processes MOST LIKELY caused the changes shown?

A Soil erosionB Crust faultingC Water evaporationD Rock formation

81. Mount Rushmore is in South Dakota. This statue was carved more than 60 years ago. The faces on this granite statue are slowly wearing away. Which natural process causes this wearing away?

A EarthquakesB Water from floodsC Blowing wind and rainD Lava flowing from volcanoes

81. Mount Rushmore is in South Dakota. This statue was carved more than 60 years ago. The faces on this granite statue are slowly wearing away. Which natural process causes this wearing away?

A EarthquakesB Water from floodsC Blowing wind and rainD Lava flowing from volcanoes

The diagrams below show a natural process that weathers rock.

82. Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering?

A Frozen water acts as a solute.B Water expands when it freezes.C The mass of water increases when it freezes.D Frozen water dissolves most types of rocks.

The diagrams below show a natural process that weathers rock.

82. Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering?

A Frozen water acts as a solute.B Water expands when it freezes.C The mass of water increases when it freezes.D Frozen water dissolves most types of rocks.

83. Which of these changes would MOST LIKELY take the longest time to occur?

A A rock changing into sandB Winter changing into springC Dead leaves changing into soilD A caterpillar changing into a butterfly

83. Which of these changes would MOST LIKELY take the longest time to occur?

A A rock changing into sandB Winter changing into springC Dead leaves changing into soilD A caterpillar changing into a butterfly

84. Weathering is a process that breaks up rocks and destroys existing landforms. What is the mixture of broken rocks, soil, and other small bits of eroded materials that weathering produces called?

A EarthquakesB GlaciersC Rock layersD Sediments

84. Weathering is a process that breaks up rocks and destroys existing landforms. What is the mixture of broken rocks, soil, and other small bits of eroded materials that weathering produces called?

A EarthquakesB GlaciersC Rock layersD Sediments

Mountain Delta Canyon Valley

85. Three of the landforms shown above are formed mainly by weathering, deposition and erosion. Which landform is NOT formed by weathering, deposition, and erosion?

A MountainB DeltaC CanyonD Valley

Mountain Delta Canyon Valley

85. Three of the landforms shown above are formed mainly by weathering, deposition and erosion. Which landform is NOT formed by weathering, deposition, and erosion?

A MountainB DeltaC CanyonD Valley

86. Sometimes fires can occur on a prairie. The fires will burn up large areas of grass, bushes, and trees, leaving the soil bare and unprotected. Which of the following processes might cause the MOST damage to a prairie following a fire?

A WeatheringB ErosionC DepositionD Constructive forces

86. Sometimes fires can occur on a prairie. The fires will burn up large areas of grass, bushes, and trees, leaving the soil bare and unprotected. Which of the following processes might cause the MOST damage to a prairie following a fire?

A WeatheringB ErosionC DepositionD Constructive forces

87. Which of the following contributes to changes on Earth’s surface, creating a delta?

A. Volcanic eruptionsB. Fast moving riversC. Wind erosionD. Shifting from an earthquake

Start of MS ?’s

87. Which of the following contributes to changes on Earth’s surface, creating a delta?

A. Volcanic eruptionsB. Fast moving riversC. Wind erosionD. Shifting from an earthquake

Start of MS ?’s

88. Which method would be the most effective to show moving water as the most important factor in forming canyons?

A. construct a modelB. ask questionsC. construct a graphD. recycle materials

88. Which method would be the most effective to show moving water as the most important factor in forming canyons?

A. construct a modelB. ask questionsC. construct a graphD. recycle materials

89. All of the following questions are testable in a scientific exploration about changes to Earth’s surface EXCEPT –

A. How can the effects of wind and water erosion be measured?

B. How does water erosion and deposition result in the construction of a delta?

C. Why does the Sun appear to move across the sky?

D. What constructive forces result in changes to Earth’s surface?

89. All of the following questions are testable in a scientific exploration about changes to Earth’s surface EXCEPT –

A. How can the effects of wind and water erosion be measured?

B. How does water erosion and deposition result in the construction of a delta?

C. Why does the Sun appear to move across the sky?

D. What constructive forces result in changes to Earth’s surface?

90. A student visits a beach and wants to explore how landforms, such as sand dunes, are the result of changes caused by wind. What is the best tool to use while observing these changes?

A. graduated cylinderB. hand lensC. cameraD. microscope

90. A student visits a beach and wants to explore how landforms, such as sand dunes, are the result of changes caused by wind. What is the best tool to use while observing these changes?

A. graduated cylinderB. hand lensC. cameraD. microscope

91. Earth’s surface is constantly changing. As a result of these changes, landforms such as deltas, cliffs, canyons, and sand dunes are formed. The development of these landforms is caused by all the following agents of erosion EXCEPT –

A. weatheringB. windC. waterD. waves

91. Earth’s surface is constantly changing. As a result of these changes, landforms such as deltas, cliffs, canyons, and sand dunes are formed. The development of these landforms is caused by all the following agents of erosion EXCEPT –

A. weatheringB. windC. waterD. waves

92. The Mississippi River deposits silt, a material made of soil and rock, at the mouth of the river. Each year the silt deposits enlarge a land mass at the mouth of the river. Which type of landform is being made by the silt deposits?

A. CanyonB. DuneC. MountainD. Delta

92. The Mississippi River deposits silt, a material made of soil and rock, at the mouth of the river. Each year the silt deposits enlarge a land mass at the mouth of the river. Which type of landform is being made by the silt deposits?

A. CanyonB. DuneC. MountainD. Delta

A fifth-grade class toured a cavern and saw formations like the ones shown in the picture:

93. Which process most likely caused these structures to form?

A. decrease in temperatureB. weathering by windC. erosion by fast moving waterD. deposition of minerals

A fifth-grade class toured a cavern and saw formations like the ones shown in the picture:

93. Which process most likely caused these structures to form?

A. decrease in temperatureB. weathering by windC. erosion by fast moving waterD. deposition of minerals (limestone deposition)

94. Students took a field trip to the nearest beach to explore the formation of sand dunes. What is the best tool to use to measure the height of a sand dune?

A. metric rulerB. stopwatchC. meter stickD. calculator

94. Students took a field trip to the nearest beach to explore the formation of sand dunes. What is the best tool to use to measure the height of a sand dune?

A. metric ruler (would be more accurate to the nearest centimeter than a meter stick)

B. stopwatchC. meter stickD. calculator

95. A group of students were exploring effects of wind erosion on sand dunes. The teacher instructed students to demonstrate safe practices during the experiment by –

A. using a fire extinguisherB. using safety gogglesC. wearing open-toed shoesD. wearing a lab coat

95. A group of students were exploring effects of wind erosion on sand dunes. The teacher instructed students to demonstrate safe practices during the experiment by –

A. using a fire extinguisherB. using safety gogglesC. wearing open-toed shoesD. wearing a lab coat

96. All of the statements below describe physical changes made to the Earth’s surface EXCEPT–

A. water eroding rocks on a mountainsideB. lava flowing from a volcanic explosionC. release of carbon dioxide in the

atmosphereD. glacial ice melting due to the heat of the

Sun

96. All of the statements below describe physical changes made to the Earth’s surface EXCEPT–

A. water eroding rocks on a mountainsideB. lava flowing from a volcanic explosionC. release of carbon dioxide in the

atmosphereD. glacial ice melting due to the heat of the

Sun

97. What would be the best title for the column heading marked with question marks?

A. Physical ChangesB. Agents of ErosionC. States of MatterD. Evidence of Nature

Landforms ???

Sand dune Wind

Valley Water

Delta Water

Canyon Water

Glacier Ice

Causes of Change

97. What would be the best title for the column heading marked with question marks?

A. Physical ChangesB. Agents of ErosionC. States of MatterD. Evidence of Nature

Landforms ???

Sand dune Wind

Valley Water

Delta Water

Canyon Water

Glacier Ice

Causes of Change

98. What conclusion can be made based on the information given in the table above?

A. Wind, water, and ice are forces that change Earth’s surface.

B. Landforms are the result of the temperature change of water on Earth’s surface.

C. Physical changes to the Earth’s surface take a long time.

D. The Earth’s surface is no longer changing because of wind, water, and ice.

Landforms ???

Sand dune Wind

Valley Water

Delta Water

Canyon Water

Glacier Ice

Causes of Change

98. What conclusion can be made based on the information given in the table above?

A. Wind, water, and ice are forces that change Earth’s surface.

B. Landforms are the result of the temperature change of water on Earth’s surface.

C. Physical changes to the Earth’s surface take a long time.

D. The Earth’s surface is no longer changing because of wind, water, and ice.

Landforms ???

Sand dune Wind

Valley Water

Delta Water

Canyon Water

Glacier Ice

Causes of Change

99. Models are used to help students understand observations and to visualize processes that cannot be easily be seen. One limitation of using a model of a delta is–

A. a model helps to better understand the formation process

B. the effects of erosion can be seen using a model

C. a model helps to visualize how a delta is formed

D. a model only partially represents something much bigger

99. Models are used to help students understand observations and to visualize processes that cannot be easily be seen. One limitation of using a model of a delta is–

A. a model helps to better understand the formation process

B. the effects of erosion can be seen using a model

C. a model helps to visualize how a delta is formed

D. a model only partially represents something much bigger

100. A group of scientists were researching a glacier. Which of these statements made by the researchers is NOT empirical evidence?

A. The glacier is retreating at a rate of 5 cm per yearB. The glacier feels cold.C. The glacier measures 54 km longD. The glacial ice measures 0 degrees Celsius

100. A group of scientists were researching a glacier. Which of these statements made by the researchers is NOT empirical evidence?

A. The glacier is retreating at a rate of 5 cm per yearB. The glacier feels cold.C. The glacier measures 54 km longD. The glacial ice measures 0 degrees Celsius