Early Years to Reconstruction Chapters 1-5. The Beginning Columbus- 1492, went to discover water route to the Indies Columbus- 1492, went to discover.

Early Years to Early Years to ReconstructionReconstruction

Chapters 1-5Chapters 1-5

The BeginningThe Beginning

Columbus- 1492, went to discover water Columbus- 1492, went to discover water route to the Indiesroute to the Indies

-1492; Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria-1492; Nina, Pinta, Santa MariaLanded on present day San SalvadorLanded on present day San Salvador ““Indians”- reached Americas by migrating Indians”- reached Americas by migrating

from Asia across Bering Straitfrom Asia across Bering Strait

Pg. 4-5Pg. 4-5

England vs. SpainEngland vs. Spain

Magna Carta, 1215- Magna Carta, 1215- “Great Charter”“Great Charter” shaped British Gov andshaped British Gov and became became foundation for American ideals and libertyfoundation for American ideals and liberty

England, Spain, France exploring, Spain England, Spain, France exploring, Spain winningwinning

Spain- God, Gold, GlorySpain- God, Gold, GlorySpanish settlements, missionariesSpanish settlements, missionaries

Pg. 7-8, 14-15Pg. 7-8, 14-15

Europe- Henry Hudson, Sir Francis DrakeEurope- Henry Hudson, Sir Francis Drake Roanoke Disaster- Sir Walter Raleigh, John WhiteRoanoke Disaster- Sir Walter Raleigh, John White 1585-1590, Croatoan1585-1590, Croatoan Jamestown- 1607, 1Jamestown- 1607, 1stst permanent English permanent English

settlement, Why did it almost fail?settlement, Why did it almost fail? John Smith, John Rolfe (tobacco), PocahontasJohn Smith, John Rolfe (tobacco), Pocahontas Discovery, Godspeed, Susan ConstantDiscovery, Godspeed, Susan Constant ““You must obey this now for a law, that he that will You must obey this now for a law, that he that will

not work shall not eat…” John Smithnot work shall not eat…” John Smith

Pg. 17-18Pg. 17-18

Other English ColoniesOther English ColoniesPuritans: wanted a purer Anglican Church, Puritans: wanted a purer Anglican Church,

Separatists: branches of PuritansSeparatists: branches of PuritansPlymouth 1620- 100 Separatists (Pilgrims)Plymouth 1620- 100 Separatists (Pilgrims)MayflowerMayflower-- Mayflower Compact: stated Mayflower Compact: stated

settlers would obey their gov. lawssettlers would obey their gov. laws““We…do…combine ourselves together into We…do…combine ourselves together into

a civil body politic, for our better ordering a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation”and preservation”

Pg. 19-20 Pg. 19-20

Squanto- taught Plymouth to plant cornSquanto- taught Plymouth to plant cornMassachusetts Bay Colony 1630- 1000 Massachusetts Bay Colony 1630- 1000

English settlers, few miles north of PlymouthEnglish settlers, few miles north of PlymouthGreat Migration- by 1643 over 20,000 living Great Migration- by 1643 over 20,000 living

in 20 different townsin 20 different townsSalem 1692- Salem Witch Trials: 20 men Salem 1692- Salem Witch Trials: 20 men

and women were executedand women were executed

Pg. 20-21Pg. 20-21

Labor for PlantationsLabor for Plantations

Indentured servants- work 7 yrs, voyage Indentured servants- work 7 yrs, voyage paid for paid for and received food and shelterand received food and shelter

18-22 yrs old, poor, unmarried18-22 yrs old, poor, unmarried16 African Americans arrived, 161916 African Americans arrived, 1619

Pg. 18-19Pg. 18-19

Slavery in the ColoniesSlavery in the Colonies1 out of 5 was African American (mid 1700s)1 out of 5 was African American (mid 1700s)Triangular Trade- Americas, Europe, AfricaTriangular Trade- Americas, Europe, AfricaTools/supplies to America-goods to Europe-Tools/supplies to America-goods to Europe-

guns and steel to Africa-Slaves to Americasguns and steel to Africa-Slaves to AmericasTravel for weeks crammed onto small shipsTravel for weeks crammed onto small shipsWere actually sold in Africa and sent to Were actually sold in Africa and sent to

AmericasAmericas

Pg. 10, 27-29Pg. 10, 27-29

Once arrived in Americas they were soldOnce arrived in Americas they were soldSouth Carolina, Georgia had most slavesSouth Carolina, Georgia had most slaves400,000 living in Southern Colonies late 400,000 living in Southern Colonies late

1700s1700sSlave RevoltsSlave RevoltsFree Blacks- usually poorer living Free Blacks- usually poorer living

conditions, limited rights, more conditions, limited rights, more discrimination, 1700’sdiscrimination, 1700’s

Pg. 29-30Pg. 29-30

Leading to the RevolutionLeading to the Revolution

French and Indian War 1754-1763French and Indian War 1754-1763Fight for control of North AmericaFight for control of North AmericaBritish vs. French and Indian alliesBritish vs. French and Indian allies1759 British captured New France (turning 1759 British captured New France (turning

point of war)point of war)Treaty of Paris 1763 British east of Treaty of Paris 1763 British east of

Mississippi, Spain west of Mississippi Mississippi, Spain west of Mississippi

Pg. 40-42Pg. 40-42

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Sugar Act 1764- Taxing sugarSugar Act 1764- Taxing sugarQuartering Act 1765- colonistsQuartering Act 1765- colonists had to had to

provide housingprovide housing and supplies and supplies for Britishfor British troopstroops

Stamp Act 1765- Taxing printed Stamp Act 1765- Taxing printed documents, even newspapersdocuments, even newspapers

WhyWhy did they do this?did they do this?

Pg. 42-43Pg. 42-43

Rising tensionsRising tensionsBoston Massacre-Boston Massacre- March 5, 1770: 5 March 5, 1770: 5

colonists diedcolonists died1773 Tea Act- tax on teas1773 Tea Act- tax on teasBoston Tea Party-Boston Tea Party- Dec. 16, 1773 Dec. 16, 1773First Continental Congress 1774First Continental Congress 1774Shot heard round the world –Shot heard round the world – Lexington Lexington

then Concord- first battles of the American then Concord- first battles of the American RevolutionRevolution, 1775, 1775

What events led to the Revolution?What events led to the Revolution?Pg. 44-45Pg. 44-45

Revolutionary IdeasRevolutionary Ideas

Common SenseCommon Sense- written by Thomas Paine- written by Thomas Paine Jan 1776Jan 1776

““The period of debate is closed. Arms as The period of debate is closed. Arms as the last resource decide the contest…’TIS the last resource decide the contest…’TIS TIME TO PART”TIME TO PART”

Declaration of Independence- Declaration of Independence- July 2, 1776; July 2, 1776; Lee ResolutionLee Resolution, July 4, 1776 DoI was , July 4, 1776 DoI was approvedapproved

Pg. 46Pg. 46

Who drafted the Declaration?Who drafted the Declaration?-Thomas Jefferson with the help of John -Thomas Jefferson with the help of John

Adams and Ben FranklinAdams and Ben FranklinTimothy Matlack hand wrote the DoI which Timothy Matlack hand wrote the DoI which

is on display todayis on display todayMost signed it Aug 2, 1776Most signed it Aug 2, 1776DoI stated ordinary citizens would have a DoI stated ordinary citizens would have a

strong voice in their own govstrong voice in their own gov ““these United Colonies are, and of Right these United Colonies are, and of Right

ought to be Free and Independent States”ought to be Free and Independent States”Pg. 46Pg. 46

Fighting the RevolutionFighting the Revolution LeadersLeaders-British: Charles Cornwallis, William Howe, John -British: Charles Cornwallis, William Howe, John

Burgoyne, Thomas Gage, Banastre Tarleton, Burgoyne, Thomas Gage, Banastre Tarleton, Henry ClintonHenry Clinton

-Americans: George Washington, Horatio Gates, -Americans: George Washington, Horatio Gates, Nathanael Greene, Benedict Arnold, (France) Nathanael Greene, Benedict Arnold, (France) Marquiis de Lafayette, (France) Comte de Marquiis de Lafayette, (France) Comte de Rochambeau, (Prussia) von SteubenRochambeau, (Prussia) von Steuben

Women- Deborah Samson storyWomen- Deborah Samson story

Major Battles: Bunker Hill, Ft. Major Battles: Bunker Hill, Ft. Ticonderoga, Trenton (Washington Ticonderoga, Trenton (Washington crossed the Delaware, 1776), Princeton, crossed the Delaware, 1776), Princeton, Brandywine Creek, Charleston, Cowpens, Brandywine Creek, Charleston, Cowpens, Guilford Court House, and …Guilford Court House, and …

Yorktown, 1781- Cornwallis surrendered to Yorktown, 1781- Cornwallis surrendered to WashingtonWashington

1783- Treaty of Paris1783- Treaty of ParisRevolution inspired Patriotism and spread Revolution inspired Patriotism and spread

the idea of libertythe idea of liberty

Pg. 46-49 Pg. 46-49

The ConstitutionThe Constitution

Articles of Confederation, 1781- set of laws Articles of Confederation, 1781- set of laws to govern the USto govern the US

Constitutional Convention 1787 brought Constitutional Convention 1787 brought about the Constitution, Sept. 17about the Constitution, Sept. 17

Issue: populated states overpowering Issue: populated states overpowering smaller statessmaller states (Great Compromise)(Great Compromise)

Pg. 57-58Pg. 57-58

Bill of Rights and the 1Bill of Rights and the 1stst President President

Part of the ConstitutionPart of the ConstitutionBoR, BoR, 17911791- first 10 amendments, protect - first 10 amendments, protect

citizens rightscitizens rights11stst President? President?Only President to receive 100% of votesOnly President to receive 100% of votes

Pg. 62-63Pg. 62-63

Bill of Rights- 10 AmendmentsBill of Rights- 10 Amendments1 Freedom of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly as 1 Freedom of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly as

well as right to petition the gov.well as right to petition the gov.2 Right to keep and bear arms2 Right to keep and bear arms3 Protection from quartering the troops3 Protection from quartering the troops4 Protection from unreasonable search and seizure4 Protection from unreasonable search and seizure5 Due process, double jeopardy, self incrimination, private 5 Due process, double jeopardy, self incrimination, private

propertyproperty6 Trial by jury and right to a speedy trial6 Trial by jury and right to a speedy trial7 Civil trial by jury7 Civil trial by jury8 Prohibition of excessive bail and cruel and unusual 8 Prohibition of excessive bail and cruel and unusual

punishmentpunishment9 Protection of rights that are not specific on BoR9 Protection of rights that are not specific on BoR10 Powers of states and people10 Powers of states and people

Early PresidentsEarly Presidents

John Adams 1797-1801, Thomas John Adams 1797-1801, Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809 (Louisiana Purchase Jefferson 1801-1809 (Louisiana Purchase 1803), James Madison 1809-1817 (War of 1803), James Madison 1809-1817 (War of 1812, Missouri Compromise), James 1812, Missouri Compromise), James Monroe- 1817-1825, John Quincy Adams- Monroe- 1817-1825, John Quincy Adams- 1825-1829, Andrew Jackson 1829-18371825-1829, Andrew Jackson 1829-1837

Texas IndependenceTexas Independence Stephen F. Austin- colony in east TexasStephen F. Austin- colony in east Texas Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna- dictator of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna- dictator of

Mexico, won battle at The AlamoMexico, won battle at The Alamo March 2, 1836 declared independent Republic March 2, 1836 declared independent Republic

of Texasof Texas Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at Battle of Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at Battle of

San Jacinto Apr 21, 1836, forced Santa Anna to San Jacinto Apr 21, 1836, forced Santa Anna to sign treaty recognizing Republic of Texassign treaty recognizing Republic of Texas

Pg. 109-110Pg. 109-110

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Late 1700’s Late 1700’s Eli Whitney- interchangeable parts (guns) Eli Whitney- interchangeable parts (guns)

1798, the Cotton Gin 17941798, the Cotton Gin 17941765, James Watt steam engine; Robert 1765, James Watt steam engine; Robert

Fulton 1807 1Fulton 1807 1stst commercial steamboat commercial steamboatCanals, roads, railroadsCanals, roads, railroads

Pg. 112-113Pg. 112-113

Rise of Labor UnionsRise of Labor Unions

Little pay and no benefits in workplaceLittle pay and no benefits in workplaceStrikes took placeStrikes took place1834, 11834, 1stst labor union labor unionMost died out or outlawed but set a Most died out or outlawed but set a

precedent for future workersprecedent for future workers

Pg. 119Pg. 119

Antislavery MovementAntislavery Movement

Abolitionists- people wanting to end slaveryAbolitionists- people wanting to end slavery Importing of slaves to US ended in 1808Importing of slaves to US ended in 1808William Lloyd Garrison “…AND I WILL BE William Lloyd Garrison “…AND I WILL BE

HEARD” 1HEARD” 1stst issue of issue of The LiberatorThe LiberatorFrederick Douglas- born to slavery, Frederick Douglas- born to slavery,

escaped, spoke in US and Great Britain, escaped, spoke in US and Great Britain, wrote an autobiographywrote an autobiography

Pg. 129-130Pg. 129-130

Underground Railroad- network of escape Underground Railroad- network of escape routes provided slaves with protection and routes provided slaves with protection and transportation to the northtransportation to the north

Harriet Tubman- “The Black Moses”Harriet Tubman- “The Black Moses”

Pg. 130-131Pg. 130-131

Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights

Women writers, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Women writers, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton- 1st women rights convention (Seneca Falls, NY)

Women were in factories, less growing of food and making clothes, but most thought they should remain at home

Pg. 131-132

Leading to the Civil WarLeading to the Civil War

Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854, settlers could Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854, settlers could decide slavery in territoriesdecide slavery in territories (popular (popular sovereignty), Stephen Douglas, sovereignty), Stephen Douglas, repealed repealed the Missouri Compromisethe Missouri Compromise

““Bleeding Kansas”- violent raids between Bleeding Kansas”- violent raids between proslavery and antislavery settlersproslavery and antislavery settlers

Dred Scott Decision- 1857, most Dred Scott Decision- 1857, most controversial decisions in historycontroversial decisions in history

Pg. 139-140Pg. 139-140

John Brown Raid- 1859, Harpers Ferry John Brown Raid- 1859, Harpers Ferry VirginiaVirginia

Lincoln PresidentLincoln PresidentSouth secedes from the North forming South secedes from the North forming

Confederate States of America after 1860 Confederate States of America after 1860 election, election, Jefferson Davis PresidentJefferson Davis President

The Civil War is about to beginThe Civil War is about to begin

Pg. 141-144Pg. 141-144

The Civil WarThe Civil War

Apr 12, 1861, Apr 12, 1861, South fired on North at Ft. South fired on North at Ft. Sumter; started the Civil WarSumter; started the Civil War

South committed act of open rebellionSouth committed act of open rebellionWar was only optionWar was only option

Pg. 144Pg. 144

StrengthsStrengths

North- better prepared, better movement North- better prepared, better movement of troops and supplies (transportation), of troops and supplies (transportation), more factories (guns, ammo), more more factories (guns, ammo), more money, more men; Anaconda Planmoney, more men; Anaconda Plan

South- more trained military leaders, could South- more trained military leaders, could set up more of a defensive tactic, fighting set up more of a defensive tactic, fighting to preserve way of life (morale); Attritionto preserve way of life (morale); Attrition

Pg. 158Pg. 158

Tactics and StrategyTactics and Strategy

Masses of charging troopsMasses of charging troopsShells (exploded in air or when hitting Shells (exploded in air or when hitting

something) replaced cannon ballssomething) replaced cannon ballsCanister (like a shotgun shell but worse)Canister (like a shotgun shell but worse)Death tolls were high, many lost limbsDeath tolls were high, many lost limbsSouth- The Hunley; first submarine to blow South- The Hunley; first submarine to blow

up an enemy vesselup an enemy vessel

Pg. 160Pg. 160

Lincoln and SlaveryLincoln and Slavery Opposed slavery but didn’t feel he had legal Opposed slavery but didn’t feel he had legal

authority to abolish itauthority to abolish it Emancipation Proclamation, 1863- slaves in Emancipation Proclamation, 1863- slaves in

areas of rebellion would be freeareas of rebellion would be free Not very effectiveNot very effective 10% of troops serving for North were black10% of troops serving for North were black Many were freed slaves from the South and Many were freed slaves from the South and

viewed fighting against slavery a milestone in viewed fighting against slavery a milestone in their historytheir history

Pg. 171-173Pg. 171-173

Major Civil War BattlesMajor Civil War Battles

First Battle of Bull Run, 1861First Battle of Bull Run, 1861Battle of Shiloh, 1862Battle of Shiloh, 1862Battle of the Ironclads- 1862, Battle of the Ironclads- 1862, Merrimack vs. Merrimack vs.

MonitorMonitor, wooden navies became obsolete, wooden navies became obsoleteSecond Battle of Bull Run, 1862Second Battle of Bull Run, 1862Battle of Antietam, 1862Battle of Antietam, 1862

Pg. 158-165Pg. 158-165

Battle of Fredericksburg, 1862Battle of Fredericksburg, 1862Battle of Chancellorsville, 1863Battle of Chancellorsville, 1863Battle of Gettysburg, 1863, Battle of Gettysburg, 1863, Gettysburg-greatest battle ever fought on Gettysburg-greatest battle ever fought on

American soil, Union victory, turning pointAmerican soil, Union victory, turning pointGettysburg Address; President Lincoln Gettysburg Address; President Lincoln

expressed grief of loses, reasons for expressed grief of loses, reasons for renewed efforts, preserving the Union and renewed efforts, preserving the Union and its principlesits principles

““Fourscore and seven years ago…”Fourscore and seven years ago…”Pg. 179-180Pg. 179-180

More Important BattlesMore Important Battles

Battle of the Wilderness, 1864Battle of the Wilderness, 1864Battle of Spotsylvania, 1864Battle of Spotsylvania, 1864Sherman’s march to the sea, 1864, “War Sherman’s march to the sea, 1864, “War

is cruelty…The crueler it is, the sooner it is cruelty…The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over”will be over”

Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, April 9, 1865, Lee to GrantApril 9, 1865, Lee to Grant

Pg. 187-192Pg. 187-192

End of WarEnd of War

Confederate forces gave up a few weeks Confederate forces gave up a few weeks after the surrenderafter the surrender

April 14, 1865 Lincoln was assassinated at April 14, 1865 Lincoln was assassinated at Fords Theatre in Washington DC by John Fords Theatre in Washington DC by John Wilkes BoothWilkes Booth

Losses and gains were made because of the Losses and gains were made because of the Civil War, the most important, African Civil War, the most important, African Americans were no longer slaves but citizensAmericans were no longer slaves but citizens

Pg. 192-193Pg. 192-193

ReconstructionReconstruction

1865-1877, federal gov repaired damage 1865-1877, federal gov repaired damage to the South and restored Southern states to the South and restored Southern states to the Unionto the Union

2/3 shipping industry destroyed, also took 2/3 shipping industry destroyed, also took out many livestock, factories, and citiesout many livestock, factories, and cities

North lost 364,000; South lost 260,000North lost 364,000; South lost 260,000

Pg. 200-201Pg. 200-201

Hardships in the South After the Hardships in the South After the WarWar

Black Southerners- homeless, jobless, Black Southerners- homeless, jobless, hungryhungry

Plantation Owners- had to sell property or Plantation Owners- had to sell property or hire less workershire less workers

Poor White Southerners- migrated to Poor White Southerners- migrated to Mississippi or Texas for new opportunityMississippi or Texas for new opportunity

Pg. 201Pg. 201

Lincoln’s Reconstruction PlanLincoln’s Reconstruction Plan

Pardon (forgiveness) if an oath of Pardon (forgiveness) if an oath of allegiance to the Union was takenallegiance to the Union was taken

Denied pardons to those who killed African Denied pardons to those who killed African American POW’sAmerican POW’s

States could hold elections, after certain States could hold elections, after certain stipulationsstipulations

Radical Republicans viewed plan as too Radical Republicans viewed plan as too lenient on the Southlenient on the South

Pg. 202-203Pg. 202-203

Johnson’s Reconstruction PlanJohnson’s Reconstruction Plan

Pardoned those who swore allegiance to Pardoned those who swore allegiance to UnionUnion

Void secession and pay Confederate debtVoid secession and pay Confederate debtStates hold electionsStates hold elections

Pg. 203Pg. 203

Freedom?Freedom?African Americans no longer just propertyAfrican Americans no longer just propertyJoyful reunionsJoyful reunionsStarted to own landStarted to own landChurches formed to help each other outChurches formed to help each other outBecame educatedBecame educatedFreedman’s Bureau- 1865 first major Freedman’s Bureau- 1865 first major

federal relief agency in USfederal relief agency in USPg. 203-205Pg. 203-205

AmendmentsAmendments

1313thth Amendment- Abolished Slavery Amendment- Abolished Slavery1414thth Amendment- Equal (Rights) protection Amendment- Equal (Rights) protection

under the law for everyoneunder the law for everyone, 1868, 18681515thth Amendment- Voting rights for all male Amendment- Voting rights for all male

citizenscitizens, 1870, 1870

Pg. 207, 209Pg. 207, 209

Effects of ReconstructionEffects of Reconstruction on the on the SouthSouth

Changes in labor forceChanges in labor forceEmphasis on cash crops onlyEmphasis on cash crops onlyCycle of debtCycle of debtRise of MerchantsRise of MerchantsGrowth of citiesGrowth of cities

Pg. 214-215Pg. 214-215

Successes and FailuresSuccesses and Failures

Successes- Union restored, new wealth Successes- Union restored, new wealth created in North, Southern states adopt created in North, Southern states adopt system of mandatory education, 13,14 and system of mandatory education, 13,14 and 1515thth amendments amendments

Failures- Southerners remained bitter, Failures- Southerners remained bitter, South slow to industrialize, many in South South slow to industrialize, many in South caught in poverty, KKK (racist attitudes)caught in poverty, KKK (racist attitudes)

Pg. 221Pg. 221

End of ReconstructionEnd of Reconstruction

KKK- Ku Klux Klan, terrorized enemies of KKK- Ku Klux Klan, terrorized enemies of the south, dressed in white to represent the south, dressed in white to represent ghosts of Confederate Soldiersghosts of Confederate Soldiers

Compromise of 1877- Hayes would win Compromise of 1877- Hayes would win presidential election if he removed federal presidential election if he removed federal troops out of the Southtroops out of the South

Pg. 218-220Pg. 218-220