Early Republic: Washington & Adams I.Intro II.Washington (1789-1797) A.The Man B.Cabinet C.Foreign Policy D.Parties Emerge III.Adams (1797-1801) A.“The.

Early Republic: Washington & AdamsI. IntroII. Washington (1789-1797)

A. The ManB. CabinetC. Foreign PolicyD. Parties Emerge

III. Adams (1797-1801)A. “The Man”B. Quasi-War &

ResponsesIV. Conc.

Key Terms• Pinckney’s Treaty• Federalists• Democratic-Republicans• XYZ Affair• Alien & Sedition Acts• Virginia & Kentucky

Resolutions

HBO series Washington takes oath

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L2o9mx5SCs&feature=related

http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/216605/january-22-2009/near-president-obama

(Fast forward 60 seconds)

Colbert-near-president obama

George Washington(1789-1797)

•“The Man”

• Acted as a role model for all future presidents

Washington’s PlantationMount Vernon

House & KitchenHouse & Servant’s Hall

George Washington to Burgess BallNew York, January, 18.

1790. Dear Sir, Your letter of the 26. of December came duly to hand,

but occurences of various kinds have prevented an acknowledgement of it till this time.

I am not at all uneasy at the delay, or impatient for the settlement of the estate accounts of my deceased Mother; I am persuaded they will be rendered in due time, and to the satisfaction of all concerned—To pay all she owed is my first wish—to render unto every one their due is the next—The method which has been taken to dispose of the effects is, I presume, the best; and I am satisfied therewith—That none of the families of Negroes have been parted (where it could be avoided) is very agreeable to me.

George Washington to Burgess BallI am well pleased that Mr Carter is inclined to take

possession of my lots in Fredericksburg1—We shall not disagree about the price, or in the mode of payment; of which be so good as to inform him.2

I hope you have got through your difficulties on account of your surety-ship for Major Willis, and without loss—when you engaged in this business you neglected the advice of the wise man—than which no better I believe is to be found in his whole book—or among all his sayings “Beware of surety-ship”3—Offer my love and good wishes to Fanny and the family—accept the same yourself and those of Mrs Washington. I am &ca

G. Washington.

http://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu:8080/pgwde/dflt.xqy?print=yes#Pre05d4n1



Washington’s Cabinet = Geographic Balance

Henry Knox (NE)

Alexander Hamilton (NY)

Thomas Jefferson

(VA)

Edmund Randolph

(VA)

Foreign Policy: War In Europe (1789-1815)

• French Revolution began in 1789; France vs. Europe (led by British)

• US shipping is caught in the middle….

• Washington declares: US = Neutral

Napoleon (1769-1821)

Foreign Policy: Spain

Two Concerns1. US farmers want

access to Mississippi River

2. Boundary dispute in Southeast

Disputed Territorial Claims, Spain and the United States, 1783–1796

Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Foreign Policy: Spain

Solution = Pinckney’s Treaty (1796)1. Granted Americans free

access to Mississippi River & New Orleans

2. 31° Parallel = US boundary with Florida

VERY popular in USNew Orleans Under My Wings


Political Parties

Federalists • Who: Hamilton,

Washington, & Adams

• Where: Northeast

• Issues: Strong Central Government, Pro-business

• Constitution: “Loose Interpretation”

• Foreign Policy: Pro-British

Alexander Hamilton

George Washington


Interpreting the Constitution (Federalists View)

Loose Interpretation• Elastic Clause:

Congress had power to “make all laws Necessary & Proper” to carry out its functionsFocus = Strong

National Government

Alexander Hamilton by John Trumbull, 1792


Political Parties

Democratic-Republicans• Who: Jefferson & Madison

• Where: South & West

• Issues: States Rights & Small Farmers

• Constitution: “Strict Interpretation”

• Foreign Policy: Pro-French

James Madison

Thomas Jefferson


Interpreting the Constitution (Democratic-Republican’s View)

Strict Interpretation• Congress only had powers

specifically granted in the Constitution

• All other powers were reserved to the states: Focus = States Rights

Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1805


Washington’s Farewell Address(1797)

• Condemned Political Parties

Established precedent of Presidents serving only two terms

George Washington, by John Trumble


Election Of 1796(Candidates & Results)

• John Adams = Federalist• Thomas Jefferson =

Democratic-Republican• Adams won; Jefferson = Vice

President

John Adams(“The Man”)

• A lawyer from Massachusetts, & member of Continental Congress

• Diplomat in France during American Revolution; Washington’s Vice President

1735-1826

John Adams’ Homes

Correspondence; John & Abigail

Source: Massachusetts Historical Society; Adams Papers Digital Edition

John Adams’ Receipts

Source: SCI/series 45X Massachusetts State Archives Collection, v.210:p.295

Correspondence; John & Abigail(Abigail to John March 31-April 5, 1776)

“I long to hear that you have declared an independency -- and by the way in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If perticuliar care and attention is not paid to the Laidies we are determined to foment a Rebelion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.”

Source: Massachusetts Historical Society; Adams Papers Digital Edition

XYZ Affair(1797)

• French seized 300 US ships 1796-97

• US sent diplomats to France; French officials demanded a bribe

• HUGE Anti-French sentiment in US & led to “Quasi War” with France in Caribbean

Property Protected, a la Francoise During XYZ Affair


Alien & Sedition Acts(1798)

President could expel any foreigner determined to be a threat to the nation

Illegal to defame or criticize President or Government

Federalists Wanted To Silence Foreigners & Critics:

Alien & Sedition Act

Alien & Sedition Acts: Response

• Presidential critics = Furious!

• Respond with…

Congress, 1798

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions (1798)

1. States could judge constitutionality of laws passed by Congress

2. If national government overstepped its powers, states could nullify laws

3. Written by…

James Madison

VP Thomas Jefferson

Crisis: was the country being ripped apart…?

Early Republic: Washington & AdamsI. IntroII. Washington (1789-1797)

A. The ManB. CabinetC. Foreign PolicyD. Parties Emerge

III. Adams (1797-1801)A. “The Man”B. Quasi-War &

ResponsesIV. Conc.

Key Terms• Pinckney’s Treaty• Federalists• Democratic-Republicans• XYZ Affair• Alien & Sedition Acts• Virginia & Kentucky

Resolutions

Early Republic: Washington & Adams I.Intro II.Washington (1789-1797) A.The Man B.Cabinet C.Foreign Policy D.Parties Emerge III.Adams (1797-1801) A.“The.

Documents