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Early DevelopmentAmphibians
Cleavage in a frog Describe the progression of events.
Gastrulation in Xenopus What have fate maps
told us about tissue origins?
Gastrulation in Xenopus What are VegT and
Vg1 and what influcence do they have?
Gastrulation in Xenopus What type of cell
movement initiates gastrulation?
Gastrulation in Xenopus What happens next?
Gastrulation in Xenopus What happens at the mid-blastula transition
in preparation for gastrulation?
How is dorsal-ventral axis established?
What happens if cortical rotation is blocked?
Gastrulation in Xenopus How did Gimlich and Gerhart demonstrate that
certain cells were responsible for inducing dorsal lip formation?
Gastrulation in Xenopus What appears to be the major factor directing
movement of cells into embryo?
Gastrulation in Xenopus What other cell movements occur?
Gastrulation in Xenopus What two factors appear to drive
convergent extension? adhesion proteins paraxial and axial
protocadherin are expressed changes in calcium concentrations
Gastrulation in Xenopus At what point in
gatrulation do notocordal cells become distinct?
Gastrulation in Xenopus What mechanism appears to be responsible for
epiboly of the ectoderm?
Axis Formation How did Hans
Spemann first demonstrate the importance of the grey crescent?
Axis Formation What did Spemann do
to demonstrate changes in cell potency during gastrulation?
Axis Formation What classic
experiment was done by Spemann and Mangold that led to the concept of the organizer?
Axis Formation How did work of
Nieuwkoop and Nakamura contribute to an understanding of how the “organizer” worked?
Axis Formation What is the
Nieuwkoop center?
How is it formed?
Axis Formation What is involved in the mechanism of
induction of mesoderm by endoderm?
What appears to be the role of β-catenin?
What is the connection between β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase – 3 (GSK-3)?
Axis Formation How does β-catenin become concentrated in
dorsal cells of embryo?
Axis Formation How does β-catenin
contribute to formation of the organizer?
Axis Formation What model was
developed by Agius to explain mesodermal induction?
The Organizer What are the four major functions of this
tissue? differentiate into dorsal mesoderm induce formation of paraxial mesoderm induce formation of neural tube initiate gastrulation movements
The Organizer What is the role of the goosecoid gene?
The Organizer How does the
organizer actually induce formation of neural tissue?
The Organizer What are the proteins
secreted by the organizer?
The Organizer What can the secreted
protein noggin do?
What other proteins exhibit similar effects?
The Organizer What are some of the
important effects of BMP-4?
The Organizer What are the functions of the diffusable
proteins cerberus, dickkopf and Frzb?
How do these proteins work?
The Organizer
The Organizer Why is neurogenin so
important?
Induction How did Otto Mangold demonstrate the regional