Early Cold War & Rebuilding of Germany and Japan.

Early Cold War & Early Cold War & Rebuilding of Germany and Rebuilding of Germany and

JapanJapan

Agenda 3/24/2014Agenda 3/24/2014

Warm-up and Review QuizWarm-up and Review Quiz Collect HomeworkCollect Homework Butter Battle BookButter Battle Book NotesNotes Iron Curtain SpeechIron Curtain Speech Map of Europe During the Cold WarMap of Europe During the Cold War Homework- Political CartoonHomework- Political Cartoon

Yalta (1945)Yalta (1945) Meeting of three main allied leaders Meeting of three main allied leaders

(Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill)(Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill) Planned "the whole shape and structure Planned "the whole shape and structure

of post-war Europe"of post-war Europe" Stalin had the right to control the Stalin had the right to control the

governments of Eastern Europe (Soviet governments of Eastern Europe (Soviet troops were already stationed troops were already stationed throughout Eastern Europe as they throughout Eastern Europe as they pushed toward Germany)pushed toward Germany)

Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe communist governments in Eastern communist governments in Eastern European countriesEuropean countries

Yalta (1945)Yalta (1945)

Soviet Union vs. United StatesSoviet Union vs. United States

Soviet Union is a Communist Soviet Union is a Communist country (government controls the country (government controls the economy) with a totalitarian economy) with a totalitarian government (government controls government (government controls what people see, hear, and do)what people see, hear, and do)

United States is a capitalist country United States is a capitalist country (individuals control the economy) (individuals control the economy) with a democratic government with a democratic government (citizens elect their leaders) (citizens elect their leaders)

Cold War- Iron Curtain SpeechCold War- Iron Curtain Speech

State of tension State of tension and hostility and hostility among nations among nations without armed without armed conflict between conflict between major rivals (U.S. major rivals (U.S. and Soviet Union)and Soviet Union)

Early Cold War – Truman DoctrineEarly Cold War – Truman Doctrine

AmericansAmericans would resist Soviet would resist Soviet expansion in Europe and elsewhere expansion in Europe and elsewhere in the in the world world

ContainmentContainment – limiting – limiting Communism to the areas already Communism to the areas already under Soviet control (Eastern under Soviet control (Eastern Europe)Europe)

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine

Early Cold War – Iron CurtainEarly Cold War – Iron Curtain

Growing fear of Growing fear of CommunismCommunism

Division of Division of EuropeEurope into a into a Western Western (democracies) (democracies) and Eastern and Eastern (Communist) (Communist) Block Block

Early Cold War – Marshall PlanEarly Cold War – Marshall Plan

Aid packages and economic Aid packages and economic assistance to strengthen democratic assistance to strengthen democratic governments (goal – governments (goal – prevent the prevent the spread spread of Communism into Western of Communism into Western Europe)Europe)

Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

Early Cold War – Military AlliancesEarly Cold War – Military Alliances

NATONATO (North Atlantic Treaty (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Organization) pledged to help pledged to help one another if one of them was one another if one of them was attackedattacked

Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact Soviet Union and Soviet Union and Eastern Europe (response to the Eastern Europe (response to the formation of NATO) formation of NATO)

NATONATO

Germany after World War IIGermany after World War II

Rebuilding German and Japan after Rebuilding German and Japan after World War II – Division in GermanyWorld War II – Division in Germany

West Germany West Germany – divided into three – divided into three zones (British, zones (British, FrenchFrench, and U.S.), and U.S.)

East Germany East Germany – controlled by the – controlled by the Soviet Union/Soviet Union/CommunistCommunist governmentgovernment

Berlin – split among Berlin – split among fourfour powers powers (U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain, and (U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France)France)

Rebuilding German and Japan after Rebuilding German and Japan after World War II – American occupation of World War II – American occupation of

JapanJapan Led by Douglas Led by Douglas MacArthurMacArthur Goals – to destroy militarism and to Goals – to destroy militarism and to

ensure a ensure a democraticdemocratic government government Military & Political Reforms - reduced size Military & Political Reforms - reduced size

of Japan’s military, have military forces of Japan’s military, have military forces only to defend Japan, & new only to defend Japan, & new constitution constitution – gave power to the people, provided for – gave power to the people, provided for elected representatives, and basic rights elected representatives, and basic rights such as freedom of thought such as freedom of thought

Rebuilding German and Japan after Rebuilding German and Japan after World War II – American occupation of World War II – American occupation of

JapanJapan EconomicEconomic Reforms - Japan became Reforms - Japan became

an economic super power an economic super power (exporting more than it imported)(exporting more than it imported)

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

Stalin wanted to force Westerners to Stalin wanted to force Westerners to evacuate evacuate Berlin by not allowing Berlin by not allowing goods goods to be transported to West to be transported to West BerlinBerlin

Western powers responded to Western powers responded to blockade blockade with a round the clock with a round the clock airlift airlift (fuel, goods, and food)(fuel, goods, and food)

Soviets eventually Soviets eventually endedended the the blockadeblockade

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

To stop people from To stop people from leavingleaving East East BerlinBerlin

Divides Berlin into Divides Berlin into twotwo sections sections

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

United Nations - GoalUnited Nations - Goal

International organization to secure International organization to secure peacepeace

More More successfulsuccessful than League of than League of Nations Nations

United NationsUnited Nations

General Assembly - General Assembly - Each nation had Each nation had oneone votevote

Security Council (U.S., Security Council (U.S., Soviet Union, Great Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, and Britain, France, and China) - have the right China) - have the right to to vetoveto any council any council decision – differences decision – differences among these powerful among these powerful nations kept the UN nations kept the UN from taking action on from taking action on controversialcontroversial issues issues

United Nations – Role in Modern United Nations – Role in Modern WorldWorld

Preventing diseasePreventing disease PeacekeepingPeacekeeping Protecting refugeesProtecting refugees Aiding the Aiding the economiceconomic development of development of

nations nations