Early Cold War Politics Truman, McCarthy & Eisenhower Created by Mr. Johnson.

Early Cold War Early Cold War PoliticsPolitics

Truman, McCarthy & EisenhowerTruman, McCarthy & EisenhowerCreated by Created by

Mr. Johnson Mr. Johnson

Harry TrumanHarry Truman

Unprepared?Unprepared?

Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War

• ““Truman lost Truman lost China”China”

““The Buck Stops Here”The Buck Stops Here”

““Fair Deal”Fair Deal”

• Continuation of New Deal Continuation of New Deal liberalismliberalism• Universal health care Universal health care

systemsystem• Protection for labor unionsProtection for labor unions• Civil rightsCivil rights

• Fair Employment Practices Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)Commission (FEPC)

• Integration of armed forcesIntegration of armed forces

• Opposed by CongressOpposed by Congress• conservative Republicansconservative Republicans• southern Democratssouthern Democrats

Universal Health Care?Universal Health Care?

Labor Unions?Labor Unions?

• Taft-Hartley Act, 1947Taft-Hartley Act, 1947• Was Passed over Truman’s Was Passed over Truman’s

vetoveto• Anti-union lawAnti-union law• Sponsored by RepublicansSponsored by Republicans• End of New Deal labor End of New Deal labor

policiespolicies• ProvisionsProvisions

– Prohibited closed shopsProhibited closed shops– Non-Communist oathNon-Communist oath– Stopped donations to Stopped donations to

campaignscampaigns– 60-day cool off before strike60-day cool off before strike

Civil Rights?Civil Rights?

Integration of the Armed ForcesIntegration of the Armed Forces

DixiecratsDixiecrats

• ““States Rights States Rights Democratic Democratic Party”Party”

• Strom Strom ThurmondThurmond

• Abandoned Abandoned Truman in the Truman in the 1948 election 1948 election b/c of civil b/c of civil rightsrights

Election of 1948Election of 1948

Election of 1948Election of 1948

2222ndnd Amendment Amendment

The Second Red The Second Red ScareScare

First Red ScareFirst Red Scare

• 1910s-1920s• Hysteria

– Anarchism– Bolshevism– Immigrants

Truman’s Loyalty ProgramTruman’s Loyalty Program

• 19471947• Investigations of Investigations of

“disloyal” “disloyal” AmericansAmericans

Taft-Hartley Act, 1947Taft-Hartley Act, 1947

AFL-CIOAFL-CIO

House Unamerican Activities House Unamerican Activities CommitteeCommittee

• HUAC• “I am not

now, nor have I ever been, a member of the communist party.”

Hollywood TenHollywood Ten

Dennis v. U.S., 1951Dennis v. U.S., 1951

• Communist PartyCommunist Party– 11stst Amendment? Amendment?– Subversion of U.S. Subversion of U.S.

government?government?

• Ruling:Ruling:– No specific threats of No specific threats of

violence, but…violence, but…– Guilty of conspiracy Guilty of conspiracy

against U.S. against U.S. governmentgovernment

1952 McCarran-Walter Act1952 McCarran-Walter Act

• Immigration Immigration restrictions on restrictions on Communist countriesCommunist countries– Soviet UnionSoviet Union– Soviet blocSoviet bloc– ChinaChina

• ProvisionsProvisions– QuotasQuotas– Deportation Deportation

proceduresprocedures

Spy CasesSpy Cases

Whittaker ChambersWhittaker Chambers

• Soviet spy from Soviet spy from 1935-19381935-1938

• Editor of Time Editor of Time MagazineMagazine

• 1948 – Brought 1948 – Brought before HUACbefore HUAC– Accused Alger Accused Alger

Hiss of being a Hiss of being a spyspy

– Hid documents Hid documents in a pumpkin on in a pumpkin on his farmhis farm

Nixon & the “Pumpkin Papers”Nixon & the “Pumpkin Papers”

Alger HissAlger Hiss

• Tried for Tried for perjuryperjury

• Imprisoned Imprisoned 1950-19541950-1954

• Maintained Maintained his his innocence innocence until his until his deathdeath

Julius & Ethel RosenbergJulius & Ethel Rosenberg

• Members of Members of Communist Communist PartyParty

• Accused of Accused of being being atomic atomic spiesspies

David GreenglassDavid Greenglass

• Brother of Brother of Ethel Ethel RosenbergRosenberg

• Employee Employee at Los at Los AlamosAlamos

• Testified Testified against against Julius & Julius & EthelEthel

1953 Execution1953 Execution

The Venona PapersThe Venona Papers

• Hiss was guiltyHiss was guilty• Julius was guiltyJulius was guilty• Ethel was Ethel was

probably not probably not guiltyguilty

McCarthyismMcCarthyism

Joseph McCarthy & Roy CohnJoseph McCarthy & Roy Cohn

McCarthy’s TacticsMcCarthy’s Tactics

• Hatch Act Hatch Act (1938) – made it (1938) – made it illegal for the illegal for the federal federal government to government to employ employ members of the members of the Communist Communist partyparty

• ““I hold in my I hold in my hand a list of hand a list of names…”names…”

McCarthy to TrumanMcCarthy to Truman

Truman to McCarthyTruman to McCarthy

A Controversial FigureA Controversial Figure

Margaret Chase SmithMargaret Chase Smith

• ““Declaration of Declaration of Conscience” Conscience” SpeechSpeech

• It is not “un-It is not “un-American” toAmerican” to– CriticizeCriticize– ProtestProtest– Hold unpopular Hold unpopular

beliefsbeliefs– Think independentlyThink independently

McCarthyismMcCarthyism

The Army Hearings – G. David The Army Hearings – G. David SchineSchine

The Army Hearings – TelevisionThe Army Hearings – Television

The Army Hearings – Joseph WelchThe Army Hearings – Joseph Welch

• Attorney for the Army

• Condemned Condemned McCarthy’s McCarthy’s bullying tacticsbullying tactics– ““Have you no sense Have you no sense

of decency, sir?”of decency, sir?”

• Video linkVideo link– McCarthy-Welch McCarthy-Welch

ExchangeExchange

Arthur MillerArthur Miller

• Married Marilyn Married Marilyn MonroeMonroe

• PlaywrightPlaywright– Death of a Death of a

SalesmanSalesman, , 19481948

– The CrucibleThe Crucible, , 19531953• McCarthyism & McCarthyism &

Salem Witch Salem Witch TrialsTrials

The CrucibleThe Crucible

Dwight Dwight EisenhowerEisenhower

1952 Campaign1952 Campaign

1952 Campaign1952 Campaign

““Modern Republicanism”Modern Republicanism”

• Compromise between conservatism & liberal “big government”– “Common Good”: Department of Health,

Education & Welfare (HEW)– Infrastructure: Interstate highway system– Energy: “Atoms for Peace”– Space Race: Sputnik sparks NASA– Defense: nuclear weapons build-up– Civil rights: Brown v. Board of Education– Education: National Defense Education Act & Little

Rock Crisis

• Alaska & Hawaii Statehood• Farewell Address: “Military-industrial complex”• Continuation of Cold War containment policy

HEWHEW

National Highway ActNational Highway Act

National Highway ActNational Highway Act

Urban/Suburban SprawlUrban/Suburban Sprawl

““Atoms for Peace”Atoms for Peace”

Sputnik, 1957Sputnik, 1957

NASA, 1958NASA, 1958

National Defense Education Act, National Defense Education Act, 19581958

Brown v. Board of EducationBrown v. Board of Education, 1954, 1954

Little Rock CrisisLittle Rock Crisis

Spending: Nukes vs. Conventional Spending: Nukes vs. Conventional MilitaryMilitary

Eisenhower’s Farewell AddressEisenhower’s Farewell Address

• Dangers of the Dangers of the “military-“military-industrial industrial complex”complex”

Alaska & Hawaii StatehoodAlaska & Hawaii Statehood

Life in Life in SuburbiaSuburbia

1959 Cadillac: Conspicuous 1959 Cadillac: Conspicuous ConsumptionConsumption

Growth of the Middle ClassGrowth of the Middle Class

Civil DefenseCivil Defense

Fallout SheltersFallout Shelters

Audio:Audio:

Civil defense radio Civil defense radio announcementannouncement

““Duck & Cover”Duck & Cover”

Click here Click here for the for the educational educational videovideo

““Duck & Cover”Duck & Cover”