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Reporters :
Garcia, Gerard StephenOrteza, Mary Pauline
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The Christians wantedto build larger and
more spacious edificesfor worship. They
thought that the meetingplaces that they used
were not royal andspacious enough as aplace for worship.
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Previously they met inprivate homes that hadrooms for worship.
The first Christian
churches used Romanstructural and design
elements.The basilica evolved
into the essentialdesign for the church
that is still usedtoday.
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Widely spaced columnscarrying semicircular arches.
The basilican church with threeor five aisles, covered by a
simple timber roof, is a typicalEarly Christian Style
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Rendered impressive anddignified by the long
perspective of columns
which carry the eyealong the sanctuary; a
treatment which, combinedwith the comparatively lowheight of interiors, makes
these churches appearlonger than they really are.
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An arch of triumph,
figurative of thetransition through
death to eternal life,
gave entrance to thesanctuary with the highaltar in the center
standing free under its
baldachino upheld bymarble columns.
* Baldachino a canopy supported by columns generally placed over an altar or
tomb and also know n as ciborium.
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The vista wasrounded off by an
apse line with marble
slabs and crownedwith semi-domeencrusted with
glittering goldenmosaics.
* Apse
circular or multangular termination of church sanctuary
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Timber roofscovered the
central nave andonly simple forms ofconstruction, such as
king and queen
post trusses wereemployed.
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Walls were still
constructed
according to Romanmethods using of
hand-laid rubble-
concrete faced with
brick or stone orsometimes plaster .
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Mosaics
decorativesurfaces
formed bysmall cubesof stone,glass ormarble.
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The introduction ofcolor with the use ofglass mosaics gives
richness and mystery tointeriors. The Early
Christian basilicas were
usually decorated withmosaic in the apse,semi-dome and wall.
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Soffit the exposedundersurface of any
overhead componentof a building such asarch, beam, balcony,
cornice, lintel or vault.
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Usually erected over
the burial place ofthe saint to whom
the church wasdedicated. The
approach to the churchwas through an atriumor open forecourt
surrounded by arcades.Next came the covered
narthex betweenatrium and the church.
* Narthex - along arcaded-entranceporch
* Arcade
range of arches supporton piers
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Bema - the small apsewhich contained the altar, or
table upon whichthe sacramental bread and
wine were offered in the riteof Holy Communion, was
not sufficient toaccommodate them. A
raised dais calleda bema formed part ofmany large basilican
churches.
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St.
Peters
basilica -Rome
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St. Paolo
Fuori LeMura
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PROPYLAEUM
ATRIUM
NARTHEXNAVE
APSE
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1) Propylaeum- the entrance building of a sacred precinct,whether church or imperial palace.
2) Atrium- in early Christian, Byzantine, and medievalarchitecture, the forecourt of a church; as a rule enveloped
by four colonnaded porticoes.
3) Narthex- the entrance hall or porch proceding the nave
of a church.4) Nave- the great central space in a church. In longitudinalchurches, it extends from the entrance to the apse (or only
to the crossing if the church has one) and is usually flanked
by side aisles.
5) Side Aisle- one of the corridors running parallel to thenave of a church and separated from it by an arcade or
colonnade.
6) Crossing- the area in a church where the transept and
the nave intersect.
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7) Transept- in a cruciform church, the whole arm set at rightangles to the nave. Note that the transept appears infrequently in
Early Christian churches. Old St. Peter's is one of the few example
of a basilica with a transept from this period. The transept would not
become a standard component of the Christian church until the
Carolingian period.
8) Apse- a recess, sometimes rectangular but usually semicircular,in the wall at the end of a Roman basilica or Christian church. The
apse in the Roman basilica frequently contained an image of the
Emperor and was where the magistrate dispensed laws. In the Early
Christian basilica, the apses contained the "cathedra" or throne of
the bishop and the altar.
9) Nave elevation- term which refers to the division of the nave wallinto various levels. In the Early Christian basilica the nave elevation
usually is composed of a nave colonnade or arcade and clerestory.
10) Clerestory- a clear story, i.e. a row of windows in the upper partof a wall. In churches, the clerestory windows above the roofs of the
side aisles permit direct illumination of the nave
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The Basilica of St. John Lateran inItalian, the Basilica di San Giovanni inLaterano is the cathedral church of
Rome and the official ecclesiastical seatof the Pope. Officially named
Archibasilica Sanctissimi Salvatoris(Archbasilica of the Most Holy Savior),it is the oldest and ranks first amongthe five major basilicas, and holds the
title of ecumenical motherchurchamong Catholics.
An inscription on the faade, ChristoSalvatore, dedicates the Lateran as
Archbasilica of the Most Holy Saviour,
for all patriarchal basilicas arededicated to Christ himself. As thecathedral of the Bishop of Rome,
containing the papal throne (CathedraRomana), it ranks above all other
churches in the Catholic Church, even
above St. Peter's Basilica in theVatican.
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The huge basilica of St. Peter'sinVaticano is the most importantRoman Catholic church in the world
and is one of the most visitedplaces in Rome. It is the composite
work of some of the greatestartists of the 16C, and and a
masterpiece of the italian High
Renaissance. Orientated towardsthe west and approached throughits monumental piazza, the church
has its fitting culmination inMichelangelo's dome.
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Basilica di San Paolo fuori leMura is one of five churches
considered to be the great
ancient basilicas of Rome,
Italy. It is the largest churchin Rome after St. Peter's.
The church commemorates
the martyrdom of of St. Paul
and is believed to contain
he Apostole's tomb.
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The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
also known as the Basilica di Santa Mariadella Neve and Basilica Liberiana in the
Italian language and Saint Mary Major
Basilica in the English language is one of
five great ancient Catholic basilicas of
Rome.
Built over the pagan temple of Cybele,Santa Maria Maggiore is the only Roman
basilica that retained the core of its
original structure, left intact despite
several additional construction projects
and damage from the earthquake of 1348.
It contains important mosaics and
elaborate tombs and sumptuous chapelserected by the popesin the 16C and 17 C.
The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore is the
largest and most important place of
prayer dedicated to the Blessed Virgin
Mary.
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The basilica of San Lorenzo fuori le
Mura is one of the seven pilgrimageChurches of Rome. It has
remarkable architectural features,
including two storeys of ancient
columns in the presbytery, super
Cosmati work, and extensivecatacombs off the lovely cloister.
despite serious war damage it
retains its venerable character. It is
a much more peaceful and friendly
church to visit than some of the
other major basilicas such as S.
Paolo fuori le Mura and S. Giovanni
in Laterano.
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Photographs =)
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http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=aDdjw1DiKLoC&pg=PA144&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.html
http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=aDdjw1DiKLoC&pg=PA144&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=aDdjw1DiKLoC&pg=PA144&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4http://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://www.aboutroma.com/churches-of-Rome.htmlhttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=aDdjw1DiKLoC&pg=PA144&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=aDdjw1DiKLoC&pg=PA144&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4