Early Childhood Development

EARLY CHILDHOOD

Children live in a world of

imagination and feeling…. They

invest the most significant object

with any form they please, and

see it in whatever they wish to

see.

DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Dr Deirdre White - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

WHAT IS EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT?

CHILDHOODBEGINS WHEN THE RELATIVE DEPENDENCY OF BABYHOOD

IS OVER AT THE AGE OF 2 YEARS EXTENDS TO THE TIME WHEN THE CHILD

BECOMES SEXUALLY MATURE.

Early childhood is subdivided into two separate periods:

Early & Late Childhood

- Early childhood extends from two to six years and late childhood extends from six to the time the child becomes sexually mature.

REASON

BETWEEN THE

DIVIDING LINE OF

EARLY AND LATE

CHILDHOOD

The reason why placing the dividing line between early and

late childhood at six years is significant is that it is not

influenced by physical but by social factors.

• Names used by Parents

Most parents consider early childhood a problem age or a troublesome age. Parents often refer to early childhood as the toy age.

• Names used by Educators

Educators refer to early childhood years as the preschool age.

- The early childhood years, either in the home or in a preschool, are a time of preparation.

• Names used by Psychologists

“PREGANG AGE”, one of the most commonly applied names. They refer to early childhood as the Exploratory Age, Questioning Age, Creative Age, and Initiative Age.

Characteristics of Early Childhood

Babies have learned to walk.

Babies have learned to take solid foods.

Achieved a reasonable degree of physiological stability.

The major task of learning to control the elimination of body wastes has been almost completed.

Have reasonably correct pronunciation.

Comprehend the meaning and simple statements and commands.

• Can put together several words into meaningful sentences.

• Comprehend what other say to them is still on a low level.

• Learning to relate emotionally to parents, siblings, and other people.

• Children must learn to give as well as to receive affection.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

•HEIGHTby the age of six, the average child measures 46.6 inches.

•WEIGHTAt the age of six, children seven times as much as they did at birth.GIRL- 48.5 POUNDS

BOY- 49 POUNDS

•BODY

THE BABY LOOK DISAPPEARS.

Have a n endomorphic, mesomorphic and ectomorphic body build.

BONES AND MUSCLES

The muscles become stronger , larger and heavier.

•FAT• - Children who tend toward endomorphy have

more adipose than muscular tissue those tend toward mesomorphy have more muscular than adipose tissue; and those with an ectomorphicbuild have both small muscles and little adipose

tissue.

• During the first four to six months of early childhood, the last four baby teeth-the back molars – erupt.

• The baby teeth begin to be replaced by permanent teeth.

• When earl childhood ends, the child generally has one or two permanent teeth.

PHYSIOLOGICAL HABITS

→ The child learns to eat their meals at a right times.

→Young children’s appetite are not as ravenous as the were in babyhood.

→Three-year olds sleep approximately twelve out of the twenty-four hours.

Thank You and God Bless

Prepared by: Juliet A. Origenes

SKILLS OF EARLY

CHILDHOOD

• Early Childhood-

Ideal age to learn skills.

3 Reasons why:

1st – young children enjoy repetition

2nd -young children are adventuresome

3rd- young children learn easily and quickly

Early Childhood

• Teachable moment

TYPICAL SKILLS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD

TWO CATEGORIES :

1. HAND SKILLS

2. LEG SKILLS

1. HAND SKILLSSELF-FEEDING

DRESSING

BRUSHING HAIR

BATHING

2. LEG SKILLSHOP, SKIP, GALLOP AND JUMP

CLIMBING

TRICYCLING

SWIMMING

BALANCING ON RAILS

JUMPING ROPE

ROLLER SKATING

ICE SAKTING

DANCING

TYPES OF BODY BUILD IN CHILDREN

1. ECTOMORPHIC BODY BUILD

- SLENDER BODY WIYH SLIGHT MUSCULAR DEVELOPMENT

2. MESOMORPHIC BODY BUILD

- HAVING A HUSKY MUSCULAR BODY BUILD

3. ENDOMORPHIC BODY BUILD

- HAVING A HEAVY ROUNDED BODY

• The tendency of using one hand than the other.

HANDEDNESS

IMPROVEMENTS IN SPEECH DURING

EARLY CHILDHOOD

• REASONS FOR MOTIVATING CHILDREN TO LEARN TO SPEAK.

• 1ST

• They must improve their ability to comprehend.

• They must improve their own speech.

COMPREHENSION – influenced by how attentively children listen to what is said to them.

Children must understand what other says to them.

IMPROVEMENT IN COMPREHENSION

IMPROVEMENT IN SPEECH SKILLS

1.Parents of today talk more to their children.

2.Children have more contacts with their peers.

• PRONUNCIATION OF WORDS

- certain words

• VOCABULARY BUILDING

- general vocabulary words, numbers, and colors.

• FORMING SENTENCES

- 3-4 sentences for 2 to3 years old.

The speech of young children is egocentric.

Unsocial

Unkind

Name-calling

Boasting

More social & less egocentric

Themselves & their activities.

CONTENT OF SPEECH

• Intelligence

• Type of discipline

• Ordinal position

• Family size

• Socio-economic status

• Racial status

• Bilingualism

• Sex-role typing

EMOTIONS OF EARLY

CHILDHOOD

COMMON EMOTIONAL

PATTERNS

Anger

Fear

Jealousy

Curiosity

Envy

Joy

Grief

Affection

COMMON EMOTIONS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD

NEGATIVISM

AGGRESIVENESS

ASCENDANT BEHAVIOR

SELFISHNESS

EGOCENTRISM

DESTRUCTIVENESS

SEX ANTAGONISM

PREJUDICE

-Treating a pet a real person

-Imaginary playmates

TWO TYPES:

1. TYRANNICAL BOSSES

2. DIPLOMATS

D. SPATIAL REPRESENTATION

1. Spatial understanding improves rapidly over the third year of life. With this representational capacity, children realize that a spatial symbol stands for a specific state of affairs in the real world.

2. Insight into one type of symbol-real world relation, such as that represented by a

photograph, helps preschoolers understand others, such as simple maps.

PLAY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Early childhood is commonly known as the “toy stage” .

Play in childhood is a serious business.

VARIATIONS IN PLAY INTERESTS

THE PLAY INTERESTS OF YOUNG CHILDREN CONFORM MORE OR LESS CLOSELY TO A PATTERN WHICH IS MARKEDLY INFLUENCED BY THEI MATURATIONAL READINESS FOR CERTAIN FORMS OF PLAY AND BY THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THEY ARE GROWING UP.

HIGHLY INTELLIGENT CHILDREN SHOW A PREFERENCE FOR DRAMATIC PLAY AND CREATIVE ACTIVITIES AND FOR BOOKS WHICH INFORM RATHER THAN MERELY AMUSE.

THE TYPE OF PLAY EQUIPMENT CHILDREN HAVE LIKEWISE INFLUENCES THE PATTERN OF THIS PLAY.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUE OF THE FAMILY

ENCOURAGE CHILDREN TO ENGAGE IN GAMES AND CONSTRUCTION WHILE POOR MOTOR SKILLS ENCOURAGE THEM TO DEVOTE THEIR PLAY TIME TO AMUSEMENTS.

WELL-DEVELOPED MOTOR SKILLS

Creative children spend

much of their play time

doing something original

with toys and play

equipment while

noncreative children

follow a pattern set by

others.

PLAY PATTERNS OF EARLY

CHILDHOOD

TOY PLAY DRAMATIZATIONS

CONSTRUCTIONS,

MOVIES, RADIO AND TELEVISION

GAMES,

READING

DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERSTANDING

Increased intellectual abilities

Increased ability bto explore their environments

Increased ability to ask question

• LIFE

• DEATH

• SPACE

• WEIGHT

• NUMBERS

• TIME

• SELF

• BEAUTY

MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD IS ON A LOW LEVEL. THE REASON FOR THIS IS THAT YOUNG CHILDREN’S INTELLECTULA DEVELOPMENT HAS NOT YET REACHED THE POINT WHERE THEY CAN LERAN OR APPLY ABSTRACT PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT AND WRONG.

IT HAS BEEN CHARACTERIZED BY WHAT PIAGET HAS CALLED

‘ MORALITY OF CONSTRAINT’.

DISCIPLINE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

DISCIPLINE IS SOCIETY’S WAY OF

TEACHING CHILDREN THE MORAL BEHAVIOR APPROVED BY THE SOCIAL

GROUP.

3 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

RULES AND LAW

PUNISHMENTREWARDS

THREE METHODS IN

DISCIPLINING

CHILDREN

•Authorization Discipline

• Permissive Discipline

• Democratic Discipline

CHILDHOOD MISDEMEANOR

Misdemeanor-

Mild forms of breaking of rules or misbehavior.

There are 3 common causes of misdemeanor during the early childhood years.

-First, young children may misbehave due to toignorance of the fact that their behavior is disapproved by the social group.

-Second, many young children learn that willful disobedience of a minor sort will generally bring them more attention than a good behavior.

-Third, boredom may be responsible for much misbehavior during the years of the early childhood.

THANK YOU!!!