Early Americans
Jan 16, 2016
Early Americans
Beringia land bridge: possible migration route
Glaciers
Thick sheets of ice
Bering Strait
Bering evolution
Native AmericansDescendents of the first people to reach America
Artifacts- tools, baskets, weapons- objects made by people
Archaeology- (2)study of evidence left by early people
Study artifacts, technology, and carbon dating
Culture- way of life that people develop (homes, arts, gov) pass from generation to generation
Great Serpent Mound in Ohio
Cahokia MoundsState Historic Site,Illinois
Pueblo Bonito in New Mexico
Pueblo Indians
Hohokams(3) Farming society, S. Arizona
Dug large irrigation systems- bring water to dry landAnasazi
Also farming- irrigationAdobe- walls of stone and sun dried brickPueblos- villages- hundreds of familiesCliff Dwellings- protect from warlike neighbors
Built along cliffs- toeholds to climbOn top crops
Abandoned- drought- long dry spell
Anasazi cliff dwellers
Cliff dwellers
People of North America
Culture area- region where people share same way of lifeTribe- group of villages, share common customs, rituals, language10 major culture areas- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Basin, Plateau, California, Great Plains, Southeast, Eastern Woodlands, Northwest Coast, Middle America
Eskimo (Inuit- people of the Arctic) Igloo- houses of snow & ice- seal oil heat
Subarctic- moved due to limited resources- fur traders
Northwest Coast- dentalia shells= money
Permanent villages- potlatch big dinner demonstrate how much you have = power gave everyone presents
Great Basin- dry climate, little water- moved a lot
Plateau- fresh rivers
California- many dif climates resources
Southwest
pueblos- Spanish name for people of the SW- made up of sev groups- descendents of Anasazi--- kiva- underground religious chamberKachinas- masked spirit dancers (see back board) rain dance- fam line traced through moms- women politically strongApaches & Navajo- sometimes raided pueblos for foodNavajos- Hogans- homes made of mud plaster over wooden polesApaches- moved around following herds
Great Plains
homes- sod & thickly matted grass
Travois- sled pulled by dogs to carry their goods
Village ruling class by best hunters
1700’s change- caught and tamed wild horses (brought from Spain 200 years ago)
Less farming more hunting- could travel far- built tepees- cone shaped tents made of buffalo hides
Southeast
home to more NA than any other regionMen & women different roles-
religious ceremonies linked to farmingNatchez- 13 month calendar named
for food or animal grown or huntedReligious beliefs- worshipped sun- leader “The Great Sun” worshipped as a god- family=Little Suns >nobles>honored people>Stinkards (majority)Marriage- helped change class Nobles had to marry Stinkards (why?)
People of the Eastern Woodland
Iroquois (NY most powerful)Built long houses- wood poles with bark 150 ft long x 20 ft wideWomen- owned all household property (like Pueblos) marry live w/ wife family- chose clan leaders=political powerClan- group of 2 or more related familiesIroquois- 5 nations= Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Cayuga, OnandagaHiawatha- formed league to end fightingLeague of the Iroquois- governing allianceSachem- chose tribal leaders- met once year vote discuss issuesAll nations must agree to do anythingStrong defensive alliance against enemies
Iroquoislonghouse
Iroquois people
Native Americans
Comprehension1.Native American Cultures adapted to their environment:
Great Plains- tepees & travois- winter travel after buffalo, summer fish or plant near water- horsesNavajo & Apache- hogans- hunters or raid Pueblos
2. Farming HuntingStay in one place nomad- wander after food3. Pueblo, Long House Tepee
Critical Thinking
Religion major role- worshiped according to harvest, hunting, etcEx. Natchez calendar, Kiva- rain dance for harvestIroquois League compared to today
United NationsUS Government
Founding fathers looked to Iroquois for advice while creating new nation