1 E172 Tatsip Ataa Midden Excavation 2009 & 2010 Preliminary Excavation Report Konrad Smiarowski CUNY Doctoral Program in Archaeology [email protected]Introduction July and August 2009 and June and July 2010 were the fifth and sixth seasons of the collaborative Norse Settlement in the Vatnahverfi Region, South Greenland ca. AD 985 – 1450 Project. The Danish Middle Ages & Renaissance Department at The Danish National Museum and the Greenland National Museum and
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E172 Tatsip Ataa Midden Excavation 2009 & 2010 Preliminary … · 2012. 6. 21. · 3 National Museum), Louise Felding (The Danish National Museum), Seth Brewington (CUNY Graduate
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(McGovern 1985, 2000, McGovern et al 1996, Enghoff 2003). The Vatnahverfi
project aims at improving understanding of the Norse farming and hunting
strategies, as well as the use of other local resources (woodland, pasture, marine
and freshwater resources) in the Vatnahverfi area, and how they changed in the
face of climatic and environmental changes, especially with the arrival of summer
sea ice ca. 1250-1300 and the cooling and increased variability of the 15th
century (Ogilvie et al 2009, Dugmore et al 2007, 2012). This in turn may have
affected the settlement pattern, and the use of landscape and natural resources
in this inner fjord part of the Norse Eastern Settlement. Through zooarchaeology
and environmental archaeology, we aim to reconstruct the human ecodynamics
of that region and collect data that will be basis for a broader comparison with
other places in the Norse North Atlantic.
The farm site E172 Tatsip Ataa was chosen after the completion of a coring
survey and an excavation of a 2x3m trench at this farm complex in 2007, which
located and dated the midden (Śmiarowski 2007, Møller et.al. 2007). The overall
main objectives for both (2009-10) field seasons were to continue excavations of
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the midden. The 2007 survey and excavation results confirmed good organic
preservation (preserved wood, bark, and small whale baleen artifacts with soil ph
6.2 in most of the midden layers), and produced sizable archaeofauna and
artifact collections. Further investigation of bone and artifact density, and
excavation of datable patches of cultural deposits to recover a sample of
ecofacts and artifacts from the midden layers was the main aim of the 2009-10
excavations.
Well preserved organic remains are becoming increasingly rare in the Norse
Eastern Settlement due to climate warming in this century that is producing
summer temperatures that result in fully thawing soils with enhanced drainage
through the glacial till subsoil underlying most Eastern Settlement sites. This
now-complete annual soil thawing and increased through-deposit drainage,
combined with enhanced annual freezing and thawing of organic material
throughout midden deposits, produces a widespread rapid degradation of
Fig. 2 E172 in relation to other sites excavated during the Vatnahverfi Project.
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conditions of preservation of bones and other ecofacts on many sites
investigated in this decade. These include some that retained exceptional
organic preservation in the mid-20th century (Smiarowski 2009, Edvardsson et.
al 2007). The E172 site is one of only two sampled during the Vatnahverfi
project retaining consistently good organic preservation due to an impermeable
stone substrate (of ca. 50 sites cored for preservation 2007-2011 by the author).
The E172 excavation is thus a key source of economic and environmental data
to the overall project in Vatnahverfi. While the main focus of the work at E172
was on midden excavation, Christian Madsen also mapped visible ruins and
documented evidence of land use in the farm area. We have thus attempted to
use the E172 midden investigations as an anchor to a wider sustained landscape
based investigation in the tradition of the “longitudinal” strategy that has become
a key element in the wider international research agenda of Historical Ecology
and Human Ecodynamics (Crumley ed. 1994, Constanza et al 2007).
E172 Excavation Methods
Excavation methods in 2008-10 as in 2007 followed the standard FSI-NABO field
manual and made use of single context recording and 100% dry and wet sieving
of deposits through 4 mm mesh, and in case of special contexts through 2mm
mesh following NABO standard recovery techniques (see www.nabohome.org
and http://www.instarch.is/). Extensive soil samples from every identified context
were taken following NABO IPY protocols so they are readily compatible to data
from other IPY and NABO excavations throughout the North Atlantic. Plans of
every context were drawn in 1:20 scale and photos were taken with digital 9.1
megapixel Fuji FinePix 6200 and Canon Eos SLR 17megapixel cameras for
working and record shots. Archaeological contexts after cleaning, photographing,
and planning were removed in reverse order to deposition, starting with youngest
and ending with the natural ancient soil surface (pre -settlement). Harris matrix
for each area was constructed to keep track of complicated stratigraphy and is
included in this report.
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Site Description
The farm site E172 Tatsip Ataa (GPS: N 60°48'26,0244"/ W 045°31'46,0272" ) is
located on the eastern shore of Igaliku Fjord, and is considered to be a typical
inner fjord farm without a church or other evidence of high status or economic
specialization. In the Vatnahverfi Project survey (based on 21 ruins surveyed
Madsen 2010, and Madsen 2005). The site rests on a gentle and fairly damp
slope, has a substantial home field area and decent productivity of the
vegetation. The site has a good landing and a somewhat protected harbor, and a
stream where boats could be overwintered.
The closest early parish churches are located at E78 Timerliit and E64
Innoquassaq, and the site may have belonged to any of them in early stages.
After abandonment of E64 and E78 ca. 1200-1300, the site probably belonged to
Fig. 3 E172 Site plan with the excavation areas marked in red. Areas A-C are the largest red square NW of str. 4. Area D is the smaller square NW of Str. 4, and Area E is the small square SE of Str.4. Plan by C.K.Madsen.
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a later established parish E66 (if E172 was functional post 1300AD). In the often
quoted mid-14th c. account of Ivar Bardarsson (Gad 1970) the whole region was
listed as part of the possessions of the episcopal church at Gardar/Igaliku.
At the beginning of 20th century Tatsip Ataa was re-settled as a modern sheep
farm. It was occupied until 1960’s, and probably abandoned after the
catastrophic winters that killed most of the sheep in SW Greenland. Some
remnants of the old farm buildings are visible as concrete foundations, but most
of the buildings (apart from the owner’s house, now is a summer house) are
gone.
Fig. 4 View of the modern sheep stable from 1971 (Danish National Museum Collection). When the current owners obtained the summer house, several of the farm buildings were still standing. They however were in bad shape, and apparently overrun with mice. The owners demolished and burnt them. This barn has only foundations left-feature M on the plan. Note Norse ruin no. 3 in the foreground. Looking SW.
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Excavation 2009 – Area B
The excavation started by emptying the 2007 trench to the undisturbed surface –
from the excavation in 2007 (see phasing discussion), suggest that part of the
midden was in use during most of the known Norse occupation of the Eastern
Settlement, from around ca. 1000AD to ca. 1300AD. The 2009 extension of the
trench towards the dwelling ruin no. 4 was intended to increase access to the
earlier and deeper layers.
The trench was then extended 3 meters to the East, and 2 meters to the South,
to an excavation area of 5x5m (25 m2 including the 2007 trench). This provided a
substantial open area excavation that allowed for both horizontal and vertical
observation of stratigraphy. This decision to extend the 2007 trench was made
due to several reasons. The area was known to have the best preserved midden
deposits on site, was deeply stratified and contained the later phase deposits,
Fig. 5 E172 during excavation in 2010. Note the location, and approximate distance to ruin no. 4 (the dwelling) and placement of midden in front of the house. Looking SE.
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based on the observations from 2007 field season (Smiarowski 2008, et. al.
2008). Since the stratigraphic profiles from 2007 were already radiocarbon dated,
we were able to connect the stratigraphy of the two seasons into one sequence,
and provided a guide to excavators in the field. While two smaller test units were
eventually dug to the south and east (Units D & E), this large open area unit
(Area A, B, C) remained the main focus of excavations in 2009-10.
For clarity, and to separate finds and sample designations, the excavation area
from 2007 was designated as Area A. The 2009 excavation area was called Area
B, and 2010 area was Area C. Additionally 2 test trenches from 2010 were called
Area D and Area E.
Since the excavation area was substantially larger than in 2007 more
observations and interpretations were possible when we were better able to
connect horizontal exposures with vertical profiles. A total of 52 separate
stratigraphic units (layers or features) were recorded (contexts [018]-[069]). All
context numbers are coded with square brackets […] throughout this report. The
recorded contexts included midden deposits consisting of outdoor trash dumps,
house cleaning dumps, re-deposited floor layers, structural repair turf dumps and
slides, and two pits (contexts [056] and [060]) with their respective fills.
After de-turfing and removing modern grass roots it became apparent that the
area had not been disturbed by the modern farm, abandoned ca. 1967-68 after
the "sheep catastrophe winter" (Smiarowski 2008, Madsen 20010). The
uppermost deposits [19] and [20] were interpreted as structural collapse material
from Ruin 4. The layers consisted of remnants of turf walls and large boulders
that once were part of the wall of the house, but now slid and rolled downhill after
the dwelling collapsed. No modern artifacts were found in these contexts, and
only few Norse finds were recorded from these deposits, which appear to reflect
natural gradual collapse of the structures following abandonment rather than
modern leveling efforts.
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Further excavation revealed multiple midden deposits that were generally dark
gray in color. The uppermost 30 – 40 cm of the midden was heavily cryoturbated,
with frost action visible in both plan and profile. Frost polygons were visible
throughout these layers, which added to the difficulty of separating contexts.
These contexts were generally less well preserved (due to frost action) than the
underlying ones, which were moister. Figure 6below shows an example with frost
polygons in [21].
While the stratigraphy had been disturbed and excavation of these uppermost
layers was more challenging that the less altered deposits below, the open area
strategy allowed recognition of frost action areas and we are confident that
overall stratigraphic separation in this area was observed and followed. There is
however a real possibility that some of the artifacts and ecofacts from these
upper layers [23]-[34] have been displaced by frost action.
Fig. 6 Frost polygons and extensive iron panning in [21]
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After removing the gray cryoturbated layers the midden became much more well
preserved and organic composition of the layers increased. Wood became
common component of each underlying context, bones were much more solid
and abundant and twigs and even birch and willow bark (difference was visible
by eye) were present. Most of those layers were interpreted as floor layers re-
deposited in the midden after major house maintenance/clean up. This may even
have been an annual event, as there were many such dumps that were
separated. Taking under consideration that the excavation area was only a
fraction of the whole midden, and that the upper layers may have also contained
floor residues but were not preserved, it is a plausible theory. Some of these
layers were so rich in wood that dry sieving became impossible, and wet sieving
had to be used. Wood from these layers was 100% sampled.
In the southern part of the
trench, closest to the dwelling
(ruin 4) a pit dug at some point
during the Norse occupation
was recorded. The pit was dug
into some of the earliest
deposits on site, and only
about estimated 1/2 of it was
present in the 2009 trench (Fig.
7). The remaining portion of the
cut [56] ran into the south
profile, and was excavated in
2010. The fill of the pit
comprised of layers of turf,
most likely structure
maintenance, mixed with
Fig. 7 Cut [56] completely excavated in 2009-Area B, and partially excavated in 2010-Area C. Looking West.
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midden material that was very similar to the re-deposited floors. The cut [56] was
dug all the way to the pre-landnam surface [17] and cut through it to the
underlying bedrock.
Another pit was observed in Northern part of the trench. This cut [60] also was
only partially exposed in 2009 trench, and ran into the N profile. The fill [58] was
a mix of a fireplace cleaning deposits, rich in peat ash, charcoal and burnt bones
(Fig. 8). This pit too was dug all the way into the natural subsoil, and the
underlying bedrock.
The last major deposit on site was [69] which corresponded to context [16] in
2007 (Area A). This was a very wet, almost waterlogged deposit of floor material,
mixed with large amount of fire cracked cobbles mixed with peat ash. The color
on the surface was black mottled with large patches of yellow/brown peat ash. It
was not excavated in 2009 as we ran out of time (Fig. 9).
Fig. 8 Cut [60] with fill [58] in situ.
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At the end of the season the soil from spoil heaps was put back in the trench and
the site was closed for the winter. All soil and wood samples as well as artifacts
were shipped to Copenhagen. The animal bones were shipped to New York for
analysis.
Archaeological Contexts (Stratigraphic Units) Area B – 2009 Excavation
[18] - Topsoil and roots. The turf part and surface area. The same as [001] in
area A (in 2007).
[19] - Structural collapse from main dwelling, consists of stones and turf slide,
under [018]
[20] - Midden material mixed with turf collapse
Fig. 9 Context [69] at the end of the excavation in 2009. Looking East.
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[21] - Midden deposit consisting of several dumps but mixed together by frost
action into an uniform dark gray layer cut regularly by frost cracks and polygons.
This is the same as contexts [002-005] from 2007 excavation in area A.
[22] - Structural turf with collapse in the SE corner of the trench. Under [021]
[23] - Gray black midden layer
[24] - Gray midden deposit in S part of the trench
[25] - Brown turf deposit on midden
[26] - Brown-gray mixed midden deposit with unclear boundaries
[27] - Gray midden layer
[28] - Grayish-black lensed layer, midden
[29] - Gray midden deposit with large turf spots (lenses)
[30] - Brown midden dump. Rich in turf
[31] - Silty deposit on midden
[32] - Brownish midden deposit
[33] - Dark gray midden deposit
[34] - Gray brown midden layer
[35] - Brown-gray midden dump
[36] - Gray midden deposit
[37] - Brown midden deposit
[38] - Gray midden mixed with turf
[39] - Midden, black
[40] - Brown midden deposit
[41] - Gray-brown midden deposit
[42] - Brown midden deposit
[43] - Black, mixed midden dep. Part of [012] NOT PLANNED
[44] - Brown-grey mixed midden deposit
[45] - Red brown midden deposit of turf and midden material
[46] - Greenish-grey midden deposit
[47] - Black/grey midden deposit in S part of the trench. This includes the frost
action ("arm") thin strip.
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[48] - Black midden of re-deposited house floors. Twigs and wood are abundant.
Same as [012]
[49] - Medium brown mixed deposit with grey turf
[50] - Brown turf mixed with black silt. Re-deposited floor layer. Same as parts of
[012]
[51] - Black midden deposit - re-deposited floor layer with many twigs
[52] - Grey midden with turf deposit, fill of cut [056]
[53] - Brown midden deposit mixed with turf debris,
[54] - Black, coarse ash/midden layer on the E slope of a cut [056]. Possibly a
fireplace cleaning deposit and fill of the cut
[55] – Thick midden deposit
[56] - Cut into several midden layers in S part of the trench. Cuts through [053],
[057], fill of this cut consists of [054]
[57] - Greenish brown deposit of midden material and turf. Fill of [056]
[58] - Grey ash and burnt turf deposit. No palaeobotanical or Entomology
samples taken.
[59] - Mixed red and brown midden deposit, directly under [055]. Contains lots of
wood and occasional individual dumps of burnt twigs, bones and ash
[60] - Cut for fill [058]
[61] - Turfy midden deposit
[62] - Several midden thin layers sharply sloping E, located in the SW corner of
the trench
[63] - Turf deposit - possible slide/slump from the structure uphill to the S of the
trench
[64] - Dark brown and black midden deposit consisting of re-deposited floor
layers.
[65] - Dark brown mottled midden layer
[66] - Black midden deposit
[67] - Black midden dump. Burned bones, fire cracked stones, peat and wood
[69] - Black midden deposit containing patches of yellow (peat ash?) ash and
large number of fist size stones, twigs/wood, as well as well preserved animal
bones. This deposit was not excavated.
Excavation 2010
The excavation in 2010 started by emptying the 2009 trench (Area B) to reveal
context [69] and excavate it. While opening the trench at the beginning of June it
soon became apparent that the lowermost layers on this site were still frozen at
this time of the year. The back fill from 2009 excavation was wet throughout, but
the bottom 20-30 cm closest to [69] were frozen. The tarp that was separating
the fill and undisturbed archaeology was used to gently pull the lowest 5 cm of fill
(once it thawed) from the archaeology. Context [69] was excavated in one day,
but because it was wet and wood rich, wet sieving had to be employed again.
While excavation of [69] progressed the rest of the team extended the excavation
area 1m to the South, 1m to the West in SW corner or are B and 2m to the North
in NW cornet, to include earlier deposits close to Ruin 4, deep midden layers to
the West, and promising early deposits in the North. A total of 20 m2 was opened
adjacent to Area B from 2009, and called Area C.
Fig. 10 Deposit [71] exposed in the newly extended Area C. Looking East.
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As in Area B the uppermost layers were comprised of the structural collapse of
turf mixed with large stones and boulders. In this area no modern disturbance
was observed either. The excavation progressed in a similar fashion to the
excavation in 2009. There were 3 profiles visible, and the experience from Area
B demonstrated that the uppermost gray layers are cryoturbated, and possibly
somewhat mixed. Contexts [71] and [72] were the equivalents of [19] and [20]
and were very thick. Under those initial poorly preserved layers, the richer, more
organic midden dumps appeared. As in area B they were re-deposited floors full
of twigs, wood shavings, and bones. Several textile fragments and a few baleen
pieces were recovered too.
After removing [82] in southern part of the trench, the fill of [56] was exposed. It
was simpler excavating it this time, however far from easy. The fill of the cut had
different consistency than surrounding older layers cut but the feature, it was
more porous. The fill consisted of mix of floors cleaning debris, displaced
structural turf, and other midden material. Therefore, the water melt going
through it from the upper, frosty layers deposited high amounts of oxidized iron
from above, making layering of the pit a nightmare to distinguish.
Nonetheless, it was excavated all the way to the bottom, which as in the case of
Area B was cut down to the natural bedrock. The 1m extension to the South was
not enough to empty the pit completely, and a small part of it still ran into the
south section (Fig. 11).
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Another result of excavation of Area C was that it revealed the ancient
topography of pre-landnam surface. The reason for the good organic
preservation and for the near-waterlogged conditions is the almost bowl shaped
curvature of the bedrock. In 2009 in the NE corner we encountered bedrock
sloping SW, towards middle of the excavation area. In 2010 we observed similar
feature in SW, sloping NE. The E side of the trench was gently sloping W, and
only the W part was not sloping “inwards”, but was rather flat. This however must
have been enough to keep the water and moisture in the area, which prevented
rapid drainage and promoted soil freezing that aided organic preservation in the
E172 midden area.
Fig. 11 Cut [56] in Area C. Partially excavated. Note that a small portion is still running into the S profile. Looking South.
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While the excavation of Area C was in progress, two small trenches were dug
following a coring program aimed at establishing the extent of the midden, and
assessing its preservation away from the excavated areas. Area D, a 2x2 meter
trench was dug 10 meters West of Area C, at the edge of the midden found while
coring. Several layers were recorded in this trench at the depth of ca 50 cm. The
preservation in these units turned out to be poor, closely resembling other Norse
middens in Vatnahverfi (Smiarowski 2009). That part of the midden was no
longer located on bedrock, but rather on a glacial moraine composed of gravel,
sand and stones. The water drainage is much greater there, leaching out organic
materials. The few bones found were poorly preserved "butter bone", and there
was no trace of wood at all. Only steatite, flint, and metal artifacts were recovered
from that area.
Fig. 12 Midden areas B and C at the end of 2010. Note the topography of the natural ancient turf surface (removed in area B) and the underlying bedrock. Looking South.
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Area E, a 1x1 meter test trench was placed in a wet peat bog South (behind) of
the main dwelling (Ruin 4). Coring the bog turned up organic peat and some
wood in the section, but it was inconclusive. A small trench was dug to confirm
presence or absence of midden in that area, and aimed at retrieving a bulk
sample for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The peat bog turned out to be ca.
2m deep, with several natural peat formations interspersed with periodic midden
dumps. There were several bones present there, including a partially articulated
spine and head of a seal. This test confirmed midden presence with good organic
preservation, and produced a deep bulk sample that was sent to Durham
University for analysis.
Fig. 13 Area D – 2x2m test trench excavated to the natural surface. Note the glacial moraine with sand and stones. Looking South.
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In total, at the end of 2010 season there were 212 contexts registered. In 2010
alone 143 were registered [70] – [217] (no. 175-180 are not deposits or cuts), 52
in 2009 [18]-[69] and 17 in 2007 [01]-[17].
At the end of the excavation the profiles were drawn and dirt DNA samples taken
from the S profile. The spoil from the excavations along with all the stones were
put back and the site was closed and re-turfed.
Context List 2010
Context Area Type Description 070 C Dep. Topsoil and roots. The same as [018] = [001]. Red brown silt. 071 C Dep. Midden deposits mixed with structural collapse from the dwelling building.
This context contains most of the large boulders from the wall collapse. Same as
Fig. 14 The Western profile in Area E.
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072 C Dep. Midden deposit, gray in color. This context has a few large stones (smaller than in [071]) from the collapse. Richer in cultural remains than [071]
073 C Dep. Midden deposit in SE corner of the trench. Mixed with turf structural collapse. Directly under [071]
074 C Dep. Black brown midden deposit, directly under [073] in S part of the trench. Mixed with some structural turf debris.
075 C Dep. Midden deposit sloping down from SW part of the trench towards E. Brown organic midden deposit mottled with turf patches
076 C Dep. Dark grey brown turf collapse material mixed with some midden dump. Very disturbed by iron oxidation and frost action
077 C Dep. Midden material in the W part of area C. Sloping N from SW corner. Color is dark brown with black patches and some turf mottling, as well as charcoal
078 C Dep. Midden deposit. Composition and color almost as in [077], but slightly darker. More regular turf spotting
079 D Dep. Midden dump below [001] = [018]. Dark brown/gray. Uppermost cultural layer in area D.
080 Dep. Midden deposit directly under the structural collapse layer 081 C Dep. Greenish brown deposit, rich in turf (greenish) with little cultural
components. Possibly some midden mixed with structural turf slide. 082 C Dep. Midden deposit. Very dark brown, mottled with turf patches. Very disturbed
by iron panning. One of the lowermost oxidized layers is S part of the trench. Located in SW part of area C.
083 C Dep. Midden deposit sliding from SW towards NE. Mottled with turf specs of ca 3 cm in diameter. Gray with reddish discoloration from iron panning
084 D Dep. Midden deposit. Very dark gray with brown mottling of turf. Size of mottling is ca. 2-5cm in diameter
085 C Dep. Midden slide with some turf mottling and gray silt. This context was split in 2 parts during the excavation, first excavated in early season in W end, and then in E at the end of the season .Truncated in E edge by cut [056]
086 C Dep. Midden deposits and some structural turf. These are very mixed parts of several dumps. There are some well preserved turfs (with grass), and some greenish gray - uniform patches, but also gray black ones - very disturbed by iron panning. It is a mess, therefore lumped into one context. Cannot be far apart in terms of time of deposition or stratigraphy
087 C Dep. Small deposit in SW part of the trench going into the temp.bulk. Greenish brown.
088 C Dep. Midden deposit/slide in the NW part of the area C. This came out while excavating [072] and seems to be of similar dark (bluish) color as surrounding context. However, it has more turf mottling (ca. 3cm in size) and seems to be above everything else in that part of the trench
089 D Dep. Midden deposit below [084] in Area D (over the whole 2x2m area). Constitutes a very dark grey silty material, far less mixed than [084]. Above [091]. Contains c. 30% turf mottles and patches.
090 C Dep. Midden layer with large turf mottling (ca. 10-15cm in diameter). Black organic layer with yellow brown and orange turf mottles. Midden material or just a turf "blanket" over the midden. Directly under [086]. Located in SE corner of area C. Re-deposited floor layer.
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091 D Dep. Natural surface of Area D. This is the ancient turf surface. Yellow to white brown turf, with water marks sloping N from the wetland are upslope. Some large boulders covered potentially by the turf. Sondage test pit 50x50 cm confirmed the above interpretation.
092 C Dep. Turfy, deposit under [090]. Some grassy turf, present, but mostly dark grey, uniform turfy silt. There are some bones therefore it is a midden dump/deposit rather than a natural event.
093 C Dep. Midden dump with regular turf mottling (ca. 2-6cm). Slopes down the bedrock (not directly above it) in SW part of the trench
094 D Dep. Natural gravel and stones. Glacial moraine deposit. Bottom of are D, geological event.
095 C Dep. Turf patch in N part of area C. Red brown exposed after removing [072]. 096 C Dep. Black midden deposit. Re-deposited floor layers in the SE part of area C 097 C Dep. Yellow brown and brown turf mixed with black midden deposit in SE corner
of Area C. Re-deposited floor layers based on amount of twigs and wood
098 C Dep. Midden layer in NW part of the trench. 099 C Dep. Midden dump in NW part of the trench. Directly under [092]. Sloping in NW
corner. 100 C Dep. Black layer of re-deposited floor layers. Twigs and wood, midden 101 C Dep. Dark reddish black organic-rich silt. Midden deposit below [100] in the SE
corner of area C. Contains more wood than [100]. Boundary with overlaying contest is clear, and regular. Re-deposited floor material.
102 C Dep. Very dark grey, organic, friable midden deposit with large bone fragments in the surface. Below [098] in W edge of the trench
103 C Dep. Black, very organic wood and charcoal rich midden deposit below [104] in SE corner of Area C. Clear boundary with [104]. Re-deposited floor layer.
104 C Dep. Very dark grey (green) midden mixed with the turfy material on the S side of the trench
105 C Dep. Dark brown midden dump in SE corner (section temp.) area C. Small contexts sloping down the bedrock (steep).
106 C Dep. Mixed dark grey midden deposit below [105] in SE corner. Appears to be one of consecutive "dumps" against the bedrock in this area, becoming shallower towards the N
107 Turf and midden deposit. This green gray almost uniform deposit is possibly a fill of the cut [56] The mixed turf midden deposit [110] was overlying this layer and was probably the first deposit of the fill
108 C Dep. Brown grey midden dump in NW corner of area C 109 C Dep. Mixed dark grey turfy midden dump below [106], and butting bedrock [17] in
SW corner. 110 Black midden dump in S part of the trench. This layer is sloping down into
the S section in the area of fill for cut [56]. Re-deposited floor layer. 111 C Dep. Turf rich dark grey brown midden below northern part of [109] in W end of
trench. Far less mixed than [109] although boundary diffuse in places 112 C Dep. Under [111]. Midden deposit mottled with 2-4cm turf specs of red brown
and yellow brown. 113 C Dep. Light grey midden deposit, heavily disturbed by red brown iron panning.
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114 Midden deposit extending over whole NW part of area C. Light grey (bluish) fine silt composition with some rocks. Still much of iron panning present in the form of quite regular frost polygons. Sloping towards NW corner of area C.
115 C Dep. Small, very dark brown, very organic and friable midden dump in W edge of trench. Sharp boundary with [112] and underlying material [116].
116 C Dep. Very dark brown turfy midden deposit below [115] in SW corner butting bedrock [17].
118 C Dep. Green grey turfy deposit that is a part of the fill of cut [56]. This deposit is mixed with some well preserved wood and turf patches, mixed with midden material. Very clear cut edge (vertical) to the East.
119 C Dep. Mixed trufy midden deposit under [117]. Very dark grey, butts the bedrock [56] in SW corner
120 C Dep. Thin Charcoal rich midden spread below [119] in SW corner. Butting bedrock [17]
121 C Dep. Turf dump in the fill of cut [56] 122 C Dep. Greenish grey turf deposit coming out of S section. This is still part of the fill
of cut [56] and is very similar to the other green grey deposits making the rest of the fill
123 C Dep. Small mixed midden dump below [114] and butting bedrock [56] in SW corner
124 C Dep. Midden dump sloping W from the SE corner of area C. Probably not yet part of the fill of [56] cut. Black brown in color, disturbed very heavily by frost action and iron panning
125 C Dep. Small turfy midden material spread below [123]. Sloping to W and going below/into W section
126 C Dep. Black midden dump. Small part exposed in area C. Most of it runs into the S section. Seems to be truncated by [56] cut on the E edge
127 C Dep. Mixed black midden dump below [125] in SW corner 128 C Dep. Mottled black midden material in SW truncated by 2009 excavation. 129 Mottled black midden material below [128]. Contains more wood and bone
than [128], but may be a lower lever part of this overlying context. 130 C Dep. Under [121]. Midden dump in the fill of cut [56]. This is very organic and
small, wood chips are present (much smaller than in floor deposits). 131 C Dep. Small wood and bone rich midden dump below [129]. Possibly re-deposited
floor 132 C Dep. Brown trufy deposit in the fill of the cut [56] 133 C Dep. Midden spread below [114] in the center W of the trench. Slopes down
sharply to the S. Truncated by 2009 excavation 134 C Dep. Grey midden deposit in NW part of area C 135 C Dep. Dark grey midden deposit in SW part of area C. Truncated by cut [056] on
E edge. 136 C Dep. Brown turf deposit in the cut [056].Uniform turf, similar to [132] but clearly
separate dump event. On E edge of the cut. 137 C Dep. Very dark grey brown silt midden in center W of the trench. Slopes to the S.
25
138 C Dep. Gray brown layer, possibly a midden dump, but has turf specs in it and very little bone or charcoal. Under [135] and also truncated by cut [056] as [135] and [072].
139 C Dep. Brown turf deposit mixed with wood and twigs. Re-deposited floor material. Very similar to [136], but clearly a separate dumping event. Part of the fill of cut [056]. Under [136].
140 C Dep. Very dark grey silt midden containing a large concentration of dark brown turf mottles (ca. 25%). Slopes to the S and W (below the bulk).
141 C Dep. Black midden deposit, re-deposited floor layers in SE part of Area C. This context is truncated by cut [056] on the E edge of it. Has inclusions of ash and possibly peat ash, mixed with some turf (structural). Some yellow wood/peat ash present also burnt (white) bones.
142 C Dep. Brown midden turf dump inside cut [056]. Small patch. 143 C Dep. Black fireplace cleaning dump with some yellow peat/wood ash , ca. half
black and half yellow brown in color (more ash than in the context above but less than in [069].
144 C Dep. Very dark grey silt rich midden material in center W of area C. Slopes to the W.
145 C Dep. Very dark brown midden dump in the cut [056]. Possibly re-deposited floors with small turf patches.
146 C Dep. Fireplace or floor cleaning deposit. Has a lot of charcoal, wood, burned bones, fire cracked stones. Under [143] and similar in composition. Black in color completely with some dark brown turf patches.
147 C Dep. Very dark grey, mixed midden with many light and dark brown turf mottles. Body of this context is silt.
148 E Dep. Topsoil in area E. Peat behind the mail dwelling. 149 E Dep. Mixed peat bog deposit with cultural inclusions. Under [148]. 150 C Dep. Black wood rich midden dump below [147] in W edge of area C. Floor like
material 151 C Dep. Very dark brown re-deposit of floor layers. Under [146]. Wood rich,
truncated to the W by cut [56] 152 C Dep. Very dark brown midden dump of re-deposited floor layers. Rich in wood,
charcoal and fist size stones (10 visible on the surface). Distinguishable from [151] by stones and ca. 5cm large, brown turf inclusions. Under [151. Truncated to the W by cut [56]
153 E Dep. Dark grey deposit with lots of charcoal and unburned wood. 154 C Dep. Very dark grey wood and turf rich midden tip below [150] at its S edge. 155 E Dep. Grayish brown to yellow mixed layers of wetland/peat bog deposited
material with few cultural remains. 156 E Dep. Brown and dark brown trufy layers, one containing much unburned wood.
Possibly down washed material from the dwelling. 157 C Dep. Very dark grey turf rich, silt midden below [150] at its N edge. 158 C Dep. Light-medium brown midden deposit in SW part of area C sloping W to E
and is truncated by cut [056] on E border. Under [138] 159 E Dep. Light grey to dark brown turf, possibly wall collapse 160 C Dep. Yellow brown midden - fireplace cleaning deposit. Yellow brown ash mixed
50/50 with black burnt wooden twigs, etc. Large fire cracked rocks present (ca. 15 visible on the surface alone). Cut by [056] on W edge
26
161 C Dep. Dark grey organic-rich silt midden with lots of wood 162 C Dep. Organic silt midden with regular light and dark brown turf mottles 163 C Dep. Yellow brown ash mixed with brown black midden (floors) in SE corner of
the trench. Truncated by cut [056] and area B (2009 excavation). 164 C Dep. Black midden dump of re-deposited floors. Truncated W. 165 E Dep. A long series of light grayish yellow to black turf layers. Collapse or peat
formation. 166 E Dep. Light grey to dark brown pure turf layers 167 C Dep. Light grey ash dump. Going into S section where most of it probably is. This
ash is of different color than the most commonly found yellow ash (from the few above contexts).
169 C Dep. Yellow brown ash midden dump. The same color as some of the above contexts, mixed with black and dark brown burnt organic materials. Truncated by cut [056] on the W edge.
170 C Dep. Grey-black midden dump of re-deposited floor layers. Cut on W edge by [056]. Located in SE corner of area C
171 C Dep. Very dark grayish brown silty turf with midden inclusions 172 C Dep. Black alluvial sand mixed with some organic materials. The sand may have
been originally light brown in color, but has been stained by the charcoal from the overlying burned deposits. Truncated on W edge by [056].
173 E Dep. Dark grey woody layer. 174 E Dep. Brown red to red, only slightly decomposed peat turf with deposited cultural
material. Well preserved bones. 175 C Group Fill deposits for cut [56] in 2010 trench. Include
176 B Group Fill deposits for cut [56] in 2009 trench. Include [52], [54], and [57]. 180 C Dep Another layer of re-deposited floors. Truncated on W side by cut [056]. Very
dark brown. 181 C Dep Very dark grey turfy silt midden dump below [171]. Far less turfy than [171]
182 C Dep Very dark turfy silt midden. Possibly same as [181] or below [181]. Slightly more turf-rich than [181]. Has an uncertain boundary in the N.
183 C Dep First large context defined in the NW part of area C. This context contains several mixed layers lumped together to clarify the area. Color is a combination of many shades of grey. Frost polygons are present and much iron panning under removed stones. Should fit into the stratigraphic sequence well, but is not a perfectly defined combination of mixed dumps. Some of the boundaries may be called "semi-arbitrary"
184 E Dep Dark grey to red brown and yellow silt and turf. Several separate layers, probably waterborne and carrying cultural
185 C Dep Very dark brown, almost black, and very wet. Fill of cut [056] on the E edge of it.
186 C Dep Same as [69] from area B. Yellow peat/wood ash mixed with black burned wood chunks and full of burned bones, fire cracked rocks and other fireplace cleaning material. Cut by [056] on W edge, just as [069].
187 C Dep Extensive grey mottled midden dump with large turf inclusions
27
188 E Dep Grey black midden deposit with much wood and many fragments of bone 189 E Dep Layers of erosion on top of probably natural peat formation and vegetation
layer. With slight inclusions of cultural material. 190 E Dep Series of natural, partially decomposed peat turf layers, separated by pure
silt layers. Natural 191 C Dep Brown midden deposit in N part of area C. Possibly several small dumps
lumped together. Some parts are richer in turf mottles (orange -dark brown), some are more gray brown, and uniform
192 C Dep Black layer of burned material (mostly wood -ca. 90%). Under [186] = [069] and may have been included in [069] in area B. There are some unburned bones and wood in the context.
193 C Dep Very dark, brown organic midden deposit inside cut [056]. Extends from the W edge of it to almost E edge (not entirely) and slopes W to E.
194 C Dep Midden deposit of re-deposited floors in the fill of cut [056]. Located on the E edge of the cut, under [185] but without stratigraphic relationship to [193]. Medium brown in color, rich in wood.
195 C Dep Dark reddish brown extensive midden deposit below [191] in N of area C. 196 C Dep Very dark grey, almost black layer of re-deposited floors. Under [192] in SE
corner of area C. Cut by [056] on W edge. 197 C Dep Turfy midden dump inside cut [056]. Under [193] directly. Sloping from W
edge of the cut towards E. Greenish grey in color, and uniform. 198 C Dep Small silt midden dump with light turfy mottles below [195] in N of area C.
More turfy and less organic than [195] 199 C Dep Interleaved patches of light brown and mid pinkish brown turf, concentrated
along the very northern edge of area C. Appears to sit above or possibly within a grey charcoal rich midden in this area.
200 C Dep Under [077]. Dark grey midden deposit mottled with large turf patches (ca. 5 cm) sloping S and E from the raised bedrock area in the SW corner of area C.
201 C Dep Mid-dark grey extensive midden dump below[199] in N part of area C. Could be several dumps although interleaving with turf in this area confuses relationships
202 C Dep Under [197] in the fill of cut [056]. Dark brown to black midden dump of re-deposited floor layers. Touches W part of the cut.
203 C Dep Dark grey silt midden with minimal inclusions in N of Area C. Slightly truncated at its W end during excavation of [201], due to concentration of iron panning.
018 C Dep Natural turf. Ancient natural ground surface on which the midden in areas A, B, C, was deposited. There are several wood fragments from the original vegetation cover that can be used for radiocarbon dating. The so called "Landnam Layer" but not burned at all.
204 C Dep Very dark grey silt midden dump below [201] at its SW edge 205 C Dep Dark silt midden layer running E to W in the very N of area C 206 C Dep Black silt midden dumps below [205] in NW of Area C. Huge amount of iron
panning 207 C Dep Dark grey silty midden dump below [206] in NW part of area C. Heavy iron
panning throughout. Slightly more homogenous than [206] 208 C Dep Very dark grey midden spread below [207] in NW corner of area C. Less
iron panning than in [207]. 209 C Dep Very dark grey silt midden below southern edge of [204] in W of area C.
28
210 C Dep Dark silt midden dump in West part of area C. 211 C Dep Turfy silt midden dump below [210] in west part of area C. 212 C Dep Dark turfy silt midden dump. Rich in wood. Below [210] West part of area C.
213 C Dep Small black silty midden dump below [212] in W part of area C. 214 C Dep Midden 215 C Dep Midden 216 C Dep Midden 217 C Dep Amalgam of several very organic silt midden dumps below [216] in N part of
area C.
Artifacts Recovered
The total number of artifacts recorded during the 2007, 2009 and 2010 seasons
is 5043. The number is likely to rise as most bones have not been analyzed yet,
and it is common to find some small finds mixed in the bags, such as worked
bone fragments and/or some steatite. The material types present in the
assemblage are iron, copper alloy, lead, glass, flint and chert, steatite,
sticks (kevels), utensil handles and other household items. Many unknown
objects are present too, but by far the largest category are wood shavings and
29
the by-products of onsite wood working. The E172 finds raise many questions
about the availability and source of non-local wood for Greenlandic craft workers,
and their quantity suggests no lack of material at least in the early centuries of
the settlement. Species identification of at least a sample of these specimens will
be of great interest in determining potential imports from Europe or Markland vs.
likely driftwood.
Steatite The second largest group of finds from the assemblage consists of finds made
from steatite (soapstone). This is typical for most Norse Greenlandic sites, as this
raw material is found throughout Greenland, therefore is easily accessible.
It seems that most of the steatite fragments are pieces of vessels, with holes
drilled in them for patching or to be used as loom weights. Many had remnants
of burning, and many were identified to be rim shards. Several steatite spindle
whorls were found few of which were decorated with an incised lines.
Other Stone Many objects made of stone other than steatite were found. Many of them were
made of Igaliku Sandstone, others of other types of sandstone. It is suspected
most of them were actually used as sharpening stones, as at least one surface
was polished.
Several definite whetstones made of schist (common in Iceland and the rest of
the Viking-Medieval North Atlantic but probably not local to Greenland), were
found; usually associated with earlier layers such as [12] and [69]. Other
whetstones associated with later medieval layers were made of Igaliku
Sandstone, and this patterning may repay more detailed investigation. Flint and
chert fragments were also abundant and found throughout the stratigraphic
sequence, most likely used as strike a lights.
30
Metal Several iron nails and rivets were present throughout the sequence. Less
common, but present were items of copper alloy. One fragment of lead chain was
recovered and one Viking age lead scale weight.
Glass
One bead (x1216) from [116] was excavated. It is made of blue glass and is one
of a handful ever found in Norse Greenland (Jette Arneborg, personal
communication)..
Fig. 15 Lead chain x-863 from [72] Fig. 16 Early medieval scale weight x-130 from [154]
Fig. 17 Glass bead x-1216 from [116].
31
Walrus Ivory and Post Canines
Gaming pieces and dice made of walrus post canines were recorded. Several of
them were unfinished. One unfinished item, most likely a sword scabbard chape
made of walrus ivory was found. A highly decorative plaque, which perhaps was
a part of a small box, was found in context [72].
Fig. 18 Gaming piece made from walrus postcanine tooth x-1214 [114] (left). (Right 18) Similar gaming piece also made from walrus postcanine tooth x-1486 [125].
Fig. 19 Highly decorative plaque x-871 from [72]
32
Composite Bone Comb Fragments
18 fragments of composite bone combs were registered from E172. The table
below summarizes the finds. All of them with a possible exception of x-161 are
single sided combs, indicating a pre-1200AD dates.
Finds no.
Context
Material Type
Object Type
Quantity
Description Photo
Date ID
13 00 3 Bone/Antler
Comb fragment
1 Fragment of comb fitting, flat on one side, decorated on one side
0021-22
2.2.11
KS
33 00 7 Bone/Antler
Comb fragment
1 Fragment, middle part of a single sided composite comb
0063-69
2.2.11
KS
64 0 12 Bone/Antler
Comb fragment
1 Broken in five fragments 0143-156
2.2.11
KS
66 0 12 Bone/Antler
Comb 1 Two fragments of a composite comb. Middle antler part and outer fitting
0167-176
2.2.11
KS
Fig. 20 Walrus ivory. Probably an unfinished sword chape x-1406 from [205]
33
Animal Symbolism/Iconography
At least two objects depicting animals important for Norse settlers were found
during the excavations. In 2007 a small tool handle made of walrus post canine
(or ivory) was found. The handle was found in [12] radiocarbon dated to ca.
1000AD. The item had engraving of walrus and a Viking age stepped design on
67 0 12 Bone/Antler
Comb 1 Fragment of composite comb, middle antler part
0177-182
2.2.11
KS
161 021 Bone/Antler
Comb Fragment
1 About 1.5cm long, 5 small holes drilled through, teeth broken off
0077 06.08.09
SB, NM
162 021 Bone/Antler
Comb Fragment
1 2cm long, small holes and stripes incised along face, teeth broken off
0078 06.08.09
SB, NM
417 032 Bone/Antler
Comb Fragment
1 Small fragment, ca, 3x1cm of wooden comb (end piece)
0441-0444
08.08.09
CKM
554 053 Bone/Antler
Comb? 1 Flat fragment of composite comb. 2 drilled holes
0668 12.08.09
KS
633 0 62 Bone/Antler
Comb 1 Fragment of composite comb 0369-381
8.2.11
KS
706 0 69 Bone/Antler
Comb? 1 Finely carved square-cut antler or bone fragment (comb?). Diamond decoration on one face. 1,5 x 0,5 x 0,5 cm
0052-58
17.6.10
AM
870 0 72 Bone/Antler
Comb 2 Partial handle and teeth of composite comb
0 442
27.6.10
JD
934 0 71 Bone/Antler
Comb 1 Toothed element of composite comb - antler plate
0555-556
27.6.10
JD
946 0 74 Bone/Antler
Comb 1 Five fragments of composite comb (associated)
0572-573
27.6.10
JD
1229 127 Bone/Antler
Comb 1 Middle part of composite comb
1280-1283
2010 KS
1298 164 Bone/Antler
Comb 1 Not possible to distinguish if it is bone or antler, but most likely antler for the middle part. Two metal rivets present, probably iron. Single sided composite comb
1497-1512
2010 KS
1299 164 Bone/Antler
Comb 1 Middle part of composite comb
1513-1515
2010 KS
1477 218 Bone/Antler
Comb 1 End of a middle part of a composite comb
2045-2049
2010 KS
34
it. The walrus from the artifact bears similarities to a Vatican artist’s depiction of a
walrus reproduced in Conrad Gesspner’s Historia Animalium (Gesner 2004).
The other object is a beautifully carved ram head bone pin from [216] (x1487).
Both these animals were important for the Norse, for subsistence and trade, so
it’s not surprising that they were depicted in their art as well.
Fig. 21 Walrus post canine small tool handle x-1491 from [12] ( upper right). Upper left is a traced depiction of a walrus (most likely) from that artifact, compared to Gessner’s sketch 260 (lower left).
Fig. 22 Ram’s head pin. X-1487 from [216]
35
Environmental Samples Collected
Zoological samples have been sent to the CUNY Zooarchaeology Laboratories in
New York and are now under analysis by Smiarowski as a doctoral project.
Macrofloral preserved wood samples and soil samples collected for
paleobotanical analysis were sent to be analyzed at Durham University by teams
led by Dr. Mike Church. Norse colonists in Iceland and Faroe Islands are known
to have managed woodland and its fitting to try to understand these processes in
Greenland (Church et al 2010, Dugmore et al. 2008 Vickers et al. 2011)
Understanding the conditions around the site, and use of local wood and plants
at the site is one of the aims of the project. Soil samples for archeoentomology
were taken and are being analyzed at Laval University Quebec by teams led by
Dr. Allison Bain. Dirt DNA soils samples from selected contexts were also
collected to supplement the animal pen project (Paulsen et. al. 2009).
Phasing
The phasing of the midden deposits at E172 is based upon a combination of
twelve AMS radiocarbon dates (all on terrestrial mammal bone collagen run at
the Scottish Universities' Environmental Research Center SUERC), presented
below.
E 172 AMS Radiocarbon ( bone collagen) Calibrated years AD
food remains on inside, no rim visible, possible charring on outside
0001, 0002
04.08.09
SB, KS, NM
101 018 Igaliku Sandsto
ne
Unidentified Fragment
1 One edge possibly polished 0003, 0004
04.08.09
SB, KS, NM
102 018 Steatite Vessel Fragment
1 Charring both sides 0005, 0006
04.08.09
SB, KS, NM
103 018 Steatite Vessel Fragment
1 Knife marks clearly visible, possible iron fragment embedded, charring both sides
0007, 0008
04.08.09
SB, KS, NM
104 018 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 none 0009 04.08.09
SB, KS, NM
105 018 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Worked both sides 0010 04.08.09
SB, KS, NM
106 018 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Drilled, no string wear marks visible, 2 polished sides meet at right angle, charred on both worked sides
0011, 0012
04.08.09
SB, KS, NM
107 018 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Flat, Drilled with String wear mark
0013, 0014
04.08.09
SB, KS, NM
108 019 Wood Unidentified Fragment
1 Worked, rectangular shaped, broken one end and wedge-shaped other end, 2 notches each side of wedge
0015, 0016
06.08.09
SB
109 019 Iron Nail 1 none 0017 06.08.09
SB
110 019 Flint none 1 none 0018 06.08.09
SB
111 019 Jasper none 2 2 pieces 0019 06.08.09
SB
112 019 Steatite Loom weight? 1 Roughly worked, hole drilled through, no string wear marks visible
0020, 0021
06.08.09
SB
64
113 019 Steatite Unidentified Fragment,
possibly vessel fragment?
1 At least one hole drilled through - possibly part of another, nicely worked all sides, incised along one edge
0022, 0023
06.08.09
SB
114 019 Steatite Spindle whorl? 1 Possibly made of vessel fragment - Burned one side, hole drilled through center
0024, 0025
06.08.09
SB, KS, NM
115 019 Igaliku Sandsto
ne
none 1 Chunk with flakes chipped off 0026 06.08.09
SB, KS, NM
116 019 Igaliku Sandsto
ne
none 5 5 small pieces 0027 06.08.09
SB, KS, NM
117 019 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Circular, thin, tapered at edged, groove incised along one side, knife scratches along other side
0028, 0029
06.08.09
SB, KS, NM
118 019 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Circular, shallow dish-shaped indention on one side, flat on other side, crudely shaped
0030 06.08.09
SB, KS, NM
119 019 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Nicely shaped, carved all sides, somewhat boat-shaped, flat on "top" and "bottom", curved on sides, one end broken off and missing, other end tapered to wedge
0031, 0032
06.08.09
SB, KS, NM
120 019 Steatite Miscellaneous Fragments
4 4 small pieces, all worked, 2 possible vessel fragments, 2 possible spindle whorl fragments
0033 06.08.09
SB, KS, NM
121 019 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Flat, roughly square shaped, carved all sides, hole drilled part way through one side
0034, 0035
06.08.09
SB, KS, NM
122 019 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Flat, Circular edge, one side smoothly worked, other side very crude, edge roughly shaped
0036, 0037
06.08.09
SB, KS, NM
123 019 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Flat, curved edge, both faces smoothly shaped, one face has knife marks
0038 06.08.09
SB, NM
124 019 Steatite Vessel Fragment
1 Black burnt all over, roughly shaped
0039 06.08.09
SB, NM
125 019 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Flat, curved edge, hole drilled through center, black burnt both sides
0040 06.08.09
SB, NM
126 019 Steatite Miscellaneous Fragments
4 4 pieces, all probably vessel fragments
0041 06.08.09
SB, NM
127 019 Steatite Vessel Fragment
1 Black burnt all sides 0042 06.08.09
SB, NM
128 019 Steatite, Stone
Unidentified Fragments
2 Steatite fragment is probably vessel fragment. Stone possibly just a stone - 2 pieces in total
0043 06.08.09
SB, NM
129 019 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Flat, curved edge, black one side
0044 06.08.09
SB, NM
65
130 019 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Small piece, smoothly worked all sides
0045 06.08.09
SB, NM
131 019 Iron Nail Fragment?
1 About 5cm long, missing head 0046 06.08.09
SB, NM
132 021 Flint none 1 none 0047 06.08.09
SB, NM
133 021 Iron Nail 1 none 0048 06.08.09
SB, NM
134 021 Steatite Unidentified Fragment
1 Flat, vessel fragment?, hole drilled through one edge, knife scratches both sides
0049 06.08.09
SB, NM
135 021 Flint Small Flake 1 none 0050 06.08.09
SB, NM
136 021 Steatite Vessel Fragment?
1 Flat, hole drilled through center 0051 06.08.09
SB, NM
137 021 Iron Nail 1 none 0052 06.08.09
SB, NM
138 021 Flint none 1 none 0053 06.08.09
SB, NM
139 021 Stone Unidentified 1 Rectangular, one long face is possibly polished from use
649 0 65 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Flat vessel, charred on the bottom
0502-505
8.2.11 KS
650 0 65 Stone Steatite Vessel 2 Two side-shreds 0 506 8.2.11 KS651 0 65 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Vessel fragment, charred on
one side 0 507 8.2.11 KS
652 0 65 Stone Flint/chert
Flake 1 Red chert fragment 0508-509
8.2.11 KS
653 0 65 Stone Flint 1 Flint fragment, possible strike a light
0510-511
8.2.11 KS
654 0 65 Stone Flint Unknown 1 Creamy and grey flint, striped 0 512 8.2.11 KS655 0 65 Stone Igaliku sandstone 10 Unworked fragments 0 513 8.2.11 KS
656 0 65 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Possible whetstone, worked on two sides
0514-515
8.2.11 KS
657 0 65 Stone Quarts 12 Quartz fragments 0516-517
8.2 11 KS
658 0 65 Wood Wood Suckling stick 1 End of a suckling stick 0 518 8.2.11 KS659 0 65 Wood Wood Unknown 3 Wooden objects of unknown
function 0 519 8.2.11 KS
660 0 65 Wood Wood Unknown 187 Wooden objects of unknown function 8.2.11 KS661 0 66 Stone Schist Whetstone 1 Grey schist, probably imported,
long fragment but broken on both sides
0520-526
10.2.11
KS
662 0 66 Stone Igaliku sandstone 2 Two unworked fragments 0 527 10.2.11
KS
663 0 66 Stone Flint 1 Possible core 0528-530
10.2.11
KS
664 0 66 Wood Wood Bodkin 1 From the head halfway down the shaft rectangular in section, round towards the tip. Decorated with carved lines
0531-542
10.2.11
KS
665 0 66 Wood Wood Unknown 1 Half of a round wooden disc 0543-544
10.2.11
KS
666 0 66 Bone Ivory Die 1 Walrus ivory die, broken in half 0545-639
10.2.11
KS
667 0 66 Bone Ivory By product 1 Walrus ivory, fragment, by product of craft, signs of chiseling
0640-656
10.2.11
KS
668 0 66 Bone Antler Needle 1 Possible needle fragment, mending needle? Decorated with cross hatching and other design
0657-684
10.2.11
KS
669 0 66 Wood Wood Unknown 10 Worked wood of unknown 0 685 10.2.1 KS
89
function 1670 0 68 Leather Leather String 1 Two pieces of leather string, 32
cm long all together 0686-
69510.2.1
1KS
671 0 68 Wool and
leather
Wool and
leather
String/rope 2 Two woolen strings, one of them attached to leather string
0696-720
10.2.11
KS
672 0 68 Wool Wool Textile 1 Textile fragment. Part of a hood or something similar
0721-737
10.2.11
KS
673 0 68 Wood Wood Bucket/barrel 1 Lid or bottom stave of bucket or barrel
0738-744
10.2.11
KS
674 0 68 Wood Wood Spindle 1 Possible spindle fragment 0 745 10.2.11
KS
675 0 68 Wood Wood Unknown 7 Worked wood of unknown function
0 746 10.2.11
KS
676 0 68 Wood Wood Cup 1 Fragment of side and base of a wooden cup
0747-752
10.2.11
KS
677 Cleaning
under 033
Wood Wood Spindle 1 Possible spindle 0 753 10.2.11
KS
678 Cleaning
under 029
Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Steatite fragment with hole drilled in it, worked as if hanging on a rope. Loom weight?
0 754 10.2.11
KS
679 Cleaning
after removal of 026
Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Side-shard 0 755 10.2.11
KS
680 0 38 Metal Iron Nail 1 Small nail, rectangular shank and rounded head
0756-758
10.2.11
KS
681 59 Wood Wood 382 A bag of worked wood of unknown function
17.02.11
KS
682 0 69 Stone Steatite Lamp? 1 Roughly carved 'vessel' fragment, 1, 5 - 2 cm depth and concave on one side. Carved inside and outside. Possible lamp.
0003-4 17.6.10
AM
683 0 69 Stone Steatite Vessel fragment
1 Finely carved wall fragment of a round thin-walled vessel. Burnt/black deposit on the exterior face. 0,5 cm thick
0005-6 17.6.10
AM
684 0 69 Stone Steatite Spindle whorl 1 Corroded semi-circular fragment of a roughly carved spindle whorl. Flat on the base and domed on top. 1,5 - 2 cm thick
0007-9 17.6.10
AM
685 0 69 Stone Steatite 1 Irregular fragment of corroded steatite. Flat on one side and burnt in one place. 1,5 cm thick
00 10 17.6.10
AM
686 0 69 Stone Schist Whetstone 1 Square-cut tapered whetstone, broken at one end. 0,5 - 2 cm thick
0011-14
17.6.10
AM
90
687 0 69 Stone Schist Whetstone 1 Three fragments of a square-cut whetstone, tapered at both ends, 0,5 - 1 cm thick
0015-18
17.6.10
AM
688 0 69 Stone Igaliku sandstone 2 Two small pieces of Igaliku sandstone. Unworked. 0,5 cm thick
00 19 17.6.10
AM
689 0 69 Stone Igaliku sandstone 1 Large piece of Igaliku sandstone, unworked, 1 cm x 10-12 cm
00 20 17.6.10
AM
690 0 69 Stone Flint 1 2 x 1 cm flake of red flint. Clear bulb of percussion on one face. No retouch.
0021-22
17.6.10
AM
691 0 69 Wood Wood Spindles? 7 Round in section. All worked 1,5 cm - 8 cm (range)
00 23 17.6.10
AM
692 0 69 Wood Wood 7 Flat worked wood fragments, cut/shaved on both ends or at least one end
00 24 17.6.10
TK
693 0 69 Wood Wood 2 Large branch fragments, both "shaved" at one or both ends. 9 - 10 x 4 x 1,5 - 2 cm. Slight burning to one piece
0025-26
17.6.10
AM
694 0 69 Wood Wood 1 Flat carved octagonal piece of wood, pointed at one end, 5 x 3 x 0,5 cm
0027-28
17.6.10
AM
695 0 69 Wood Wood 6 Carved/cut pieces of wood, 3 - 11 cm in length
00 29 17.6.10
AM
696 0 69 Wood Wood 7 Square-cut pieces, some worked at the end, 4,5 - 13 cm in length
00 30 17.6.10
AM
697 0 69 Wood Wood 2 Two pieces found together/fit together. Notched in one edge, 9 - 16 cm in length, the larger piece is burnt at one end
0031-32
17.6.10
AM
698 0 69 Wood Wood Nail/rivet 4 Round - carved pegs 2 - 5 cm in length. Three are split/flat on one side
00 33 17.6.10
AM
699 0 69 Wood Wood 1 Carved wood, rounded in section 6 x 3 x 3 cm
0034-35
17.6.10
AM
700 0 69 Wood Wood Barrel stave 3 Square-cut wooden staves, notched at one end, 8 - 12 cm in length
0036-37
17.6.10
AM
701 0 69 Wood Wood Weaving sword?
1 Semi-circular in section. Tapered to a flat point at one end. Weaving sword or stake, 15 x 3,5 x 2 cm
0038-40
17.6.10
AM
702 0 69 Bone Antler Pin 1 Triangular/fish tail-headed dress pin. Flat at the end and circular in section at the point. Slightly bowed in profile, 15 cm long
0041-44
17.6.10
AM
703 0 69 Bone Antler Pin 1 Triangular/fish tail-headed dress pin. Broken (only head end present). Square in section at head and circular at shaft. 10 cm long.
0045-47
17.6.10
AM
91
704 0 69 Bone Antler Half product 1 Flat sawn plate/piece. Possibly a blank for comb production. 9,5 x 2,5 x 0,7
0048-50
17.6.10
AM
705 0 69 Bone Antler Half product 2 Two sawn/square antler fragments - half products of craft working. 6 - 9 cm in length
00 51 17.6.10
AM
706 0 69 Bone Antler/bone
Comb? 1 Finely carved square-cut antler or bone fragment (comb?). Diamond decoration on one face. 1,5 x 0,5 x 0,5 cm
0052-58
17.6.10
AM
707 0 69 Bone Antler 8 Flat worked antler fragments, mostly square in profile
00 59 17.6.10
AM
708 0 69 Wool Wool Textile 1 Fragment of woven wool textile, 13 x 7 cm
0060-61
17.6.10
AM
709 0 69 Wool Wool Textile 1 Fragment of woven wool textile, 15 x 8 cm
00 62 17.6.10
AM
710 0 70 Stone Steatite Vessel fragment
1 Thick-walled triangular fragment of a large vessel (wall fragment). Some carving marks present.
0063-64
17.6.10
AM
711 0 70 Stone Steatite Vessel fragment
1 Flat fragment of a thin-walled vessel. The exterior/concave side is burnt. 2 cm.
00 65 17.6.10
AM
712 0 70 Stone Steatite Vessel fragment
1 Triangular wall fragment of a thin-walled vessel. Exterior/bottom side burnt. 3 cm.
0066-67
17.6.10
AM
713 0 70 Stone Steatite Vessel fragment
1 Rim fragment of a shallow square-edged vessel. 3,5 x 2 x 1,5 cm. Base present
00 68 17.6.10
AM
714 0 70 Stone Steatite Vessel fragment
1 Triangular fragment (wall) of a thin-walled square vessel. Exterior face burnt.
0069-70
17.6.10
AM
715 0 70 Stone Steatite Vessel fragment
2 Two fragments of thin-walled vessels. Flat on one side. One is charred.
00 71 17.6.10
AM
716 0 70 Stone Steatite Weight? 1 Fragment of loom weight or similar. Rounded on one edge and flat on the other.
00 72 17.6.10
AM
717 0 70 Stone Steatite 1 Small fragment, broken on all sides. 2 x 1 x 1 cm
00 73 17.6.10
AM
718 0 70 Stone Igaliku sandstone 1 Unworked fragment of Igaliku sandstone, rectangular, 2 x 1 cm
00 74 17.6.10
AM
719 0 70 Stone Flint 1 Brown/red flint flake. No obvious retouch
00 75 17.6.10
AM
720 0 70 Stone Flint 1 Small flake of clear flint (translucent). No retouch
00 76 17.6.10
AM
721 0 70 Stone Flint 1 Small flake of green flint with bulb of percussion and point of impact present
00 77 17.6.10
AM
722 0 70 Stone Flint 1 Flake of green flint with bulb of percussion and retouch present (retouch from use?)
00 78 17.6.10
AM
92
723 0 70 Bone Bone Half product 1 Prox. Epiph. Of metapodial (terr. mammal probably ran or bos). Split/cut flat on two sides
0079-80
17.6.10
AM
724 0 70 Wood Wood 2 Two pieces of square-cut worked wood. 2,5 - 5 cm
00 81 17.6.10
AM
725 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel fragment
1 Thick vessel fragment of rounded vessel. Burnt on exterior and interior faces. Possible rim present. 4,5 x 3,5 x 1,5 cm
0082-83
17.6.10
AM
726 0 71 Stone Steatite Re-used vessel
fragment?
1 Triangular fragment of thick-walled rounded vessel. Drilled hole present. Burnt on the outside, 4,5 x 4 x 1,5 cm
0084-85
17.6.10
AM
727 0 71 Stone Steatite Re-used vessel
fragment?
1 Triangular fragment of rounded vessel. Burnt interior and exterior. Broken hole present
0086-87
17.6.10
AM
728 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Flat fragment of a plate (?), charred on both sides, 2 repair holes
0088-89
17.6.10
KS
729 0 71 Stone Steatite Spindle whorl 1 Spindle whorl fragment (1/3), flat on both sides
0090-91
17.6.10
KS
730 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim of a thin vessel (plate?), charred on the bottom, decorated on bottom and on the outside rim
0092-94
17.6.10
KS
731 0 71 Stone Steatite Spindle whorl 1 Half of a spindle whorl, rough cut, seems charred on one side
0095-96
17.6.10
KS
732 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Flat fragment with a rim, one repair hole partially filled with food (?) remnants, cooking plate? One side charred
0097-98
17.6.10
KS
733 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Flat vessel fragment (ca. 7 cm) 0099-100
17.6.10
KS
734 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel/plate 1 Thin, flat fragment with rim. Charred on two sides
0101-103
17.6.10
KS
735 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Thick, flat fragment with a repair hole
798 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 5 Burnt and partially burnt fragment
0 321 27.6.10
JD
799 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 degraded burnt fragment with rounded edge
0 322 27.6.10
JD
800 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Reshaped, ovoid vessel fragment. Black concretion on one side
0 323-324
27.6.10
JD
801 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rounded vessel fragment of plate or dish
0 325-326
27.6.10
JD
802 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Irregular vessel fragment with three surfaces intact
0327-328
27.6.10
JD
803 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of thin walled vessel. Burnt on exterior
0329-330
27.6.10
JD
804 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 possible rim or base of steatite vessel
0 331 27.6.10
JD
805 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Irregular fragment with possible five surfaces intact
0332-334
27.6.10
JD
806 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Flat fragment with semi-circular incision on one face
0335-336
27.6.10
JD
807 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 3 Three small worked fragments ca. 1,5 cm (not related)
0 337 27.6.10
JD
808 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Thick-walled fragment with rounded edge
0 338-339
27.6.10
JD
809 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Thick-walled fragment with rounded edge
0340-341
27.6.10
JD
810 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of thick-walled vessel. Interior and exterior faces present
0 342 27.6.10
JD
811 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of thin-walled vessel. Burnt on one face
0 343 27.6.10
JD
812 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Possible rim fragment 0 344 27.6.10
JD
813 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Partially burnt wall fragment of thick-walled vessel. Two
0 345 27.6.10
JD
96
surfaces intact.
814 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Finely carved fragment of thick-walled rounded vessel. Burnt on the exterior. Possible rim.
0346-347
27.6.10
JD
815 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of thick walled vessel. One face intact.
0348-349
27.6.10
JD
816 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment with burnt concretion on one face and charring to other face
0350-352
27.6.10
JD
817 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment. One face intact 353 27.6.10
JD
818 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of fine walled vessel. Burnt on one face.
0354-0355
27.6.10
JD
819 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Possible rim fragment. Small, incised line to one rim
0356-0357
27.6.10
JD
820 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Partially burnt steatite fragment 358 27.6.10
JD
821 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Possible knob/handle 0359-360
27.6.10
JD
822 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim fragment of rounded vessel 361 27.6.10
JD
823 0 72 Stone Steatite Loom weight? 1 Possible loom weight fragment with drilled hole
0362-364
27.2.10
JD
824 0 72 Stone Steatite Spindle whorl? 1 Sub-circular fragment with remnant of drilled hole
365 27.6.10
JD
825 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Partially burnt wall fragment of thin-walled vessel
366 27.6.10
JD
826 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Two circular ca. 1 cm fragments. Unrelated
367 27.6.10
JD
827 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of thin-walled vessel. One side intact
368 27.6.10
JD
828 0 72 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 3 x 1 x 0,5 cm whetstone fragment
0369-371
27.6.10
JD
829 0 72 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 3 x 1 x 0,5 cm whetstone fragment
0372-274
27.6.10
JD
830 0 72 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone? 2 Two possible whetstone fragments (unrelated)
375 27.6.10
JD
831 0 72 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 1 Possibly retouched shard. 4 x 2 cm
0376-377
27.6.10
JD
832 0 72 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone? 1 Flat fragment of possible whetstone end. Partially drilled
0378-379
27.6.10
JD
833 072 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 33 Unrelated fragments of Igaliku sandstone
0380 27.6.10
JD
834 0 72 Stone Quartz Unknown 7 Unworked and unrelated fragments
0381 27.6.10
JD
835 0 72 Stone Flint Unknown 3 Unrelated fragments of white/translucent flint
0382 27.6.10
JD
97
836 0 72 Stone Quartz/chert
Unknown 1 One white flake 0383 27.6.10
JD
837 0 72 Stone Quartz Unknown 1 Possibly worked fragment with flat edge
0384 27.6.10
JD
838 0 72 Stone Flint Unknown 1 One flake of green flint 0 385 27.6.10
JD
839 0 72 Stone Flint Unknown 1 Flake of green flint with impact point, and bulb of percussion present. Retouched.
0386-387
27.6.10
JD
840 0 72 Stone Flint/chert
Unknown 1 Possibly worked. Brown-red. 3 x 1,5 cm
388-389
27.6.10
JD
841 0 72 Stone Flint Unknown 3 Three unrelated pieces of brown flint
0 390 27.6.10
JD
842 0 72 Stone Flint Unknown 7 Unrelated black/grey flakes and pieces of flint
0 391 27.6.10
JD
843 0 72 Stone Flint Unknown 2 Two unrelated pieces of black/grey flint with bulbs of percussion present
0392-0393
27.6.10
JD
844 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Irregular fragment with one worked/flat face
394 27.6.10
JD
845 0 72 Stone Schist Unknown 1 Unworked 395 27.6.10
JD
846 0 72 Stone Schist Unknown 1 Possibly worked 0396-397
27.6.10
JD
847 0 72 Stone Schist Unknown 1 Possibly worked 0398 27.6.10
JD
848 0 72 Metal Iron slag
Slag 1 Small fragment of iron slag. Approx. 1 x 1,5 cm
0399 27.6.10
JD
849 0 72 Metal Iron slag
Slag 1 Small honeycombed (mostly silica) fragment of bloomery slag
0400 27.6.10
JD
850 0 72 Metal Iron slag
Slag 1 One piece of bloomer slag (mostly iron). 4,5 x 2 cm
0401-402
27.6.10
JD
851 0 72 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 head and shaft of iron nail/rivet (round head)
0403-404
27.6.10
JD
852 0 72 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 head and shaft of iron nail/rivet (round head), 2,5 cm
0405-406
27.6.10
JD
853 0 72 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 Partial head (round) and shaft of nail/rivet
0407-408
27.6.10
JD
854 0 72 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 Head (round) and partial shaft of nail/rivet
0409-411
27.6.10
JD
855 0 72 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 Head (square) and shaft remnant of iron nail/rivet
0412-413
27.6.10
JD
856 0 72 Metal Iron Hook? 1 Corroded fragment of possible hook. Squared in profile
0414-415
27.6.10
JD
857 0 72 Metal Iron Unknown 1 Corroded wire-type object. 2,5 cm x 3 mm
0 416 27.6.10
JD
858 0 72 Bone Whale bone
Unknown 5 Five related fragments of a flat, square-cut "paddle"-type object. Carved line/groove on one side
0417-418
27.6.10
JD
859 0 72 Bone Whale bone
Unknown 1 Shaft of unknown object. Semi-circular in cross-section
0419-421
27.6.10
JD
98
860 0 72 Bone Whale bone
Unknown 1 One piece of unknown object. Semi-circular in cross-section
0422-423
27.6.10
JD
861 0 72 Bone Whale bone
Unknown 1 Squared element of unknown object. Worked flat on one face
0424-425
27.6.20
JD
862 0 72 Bone Whale bone
Unknown 2 Two fragments of worked "disk" 0426-427
27.6.10
JD
863 0 72 Metal Silver? Chain link 1 Two links of crudely formed silver(?) chain. Oxidized.
0428-430
27.6.10
JD
864 0 72 Bone Tooth Unknown 1 Drilled fragment of animal tooth. Possible bead or similar adornment
0431-432
27.6.10
JD
865 0 72 Bone Bon Pin 1 Partial shaft of a worked bone pin. Round in cress-section, 2,5 cm long
0 433 27.6.10
JD
866 0 72 Bone Antler Unknown 1 Square cut/worked antler. 3 x 1,5 cm x 0,5 cm
0434-435
27.6.10
JD
867 0 72 Bone Antler Unknown 1 Flat, worked antler fragment. 2,5 x 1,5 x 0,4 cm
0436-438
27.6.10
JD
868 0 72 Bone Antler? Unknown 1 Worked fragment, square on three sides. 2 x 1 x 0,5 cm
0439-440
27.6.10
JD
869 0 72 Bone Antler? Unknown 2 Two related fragments of square cut object 1,5 x 1 x 0,5 cm
0 441 27.6.10
JD
870 0 72 Bone Bone/antler
Comb 2 Partial handle and teeth of composite comb
0 442 27.6.10
JD
871 0 72 Bone Bone or Walrus
Ivory
Plate/fitting 1 Flat bone plate (rectangular) with semi-circular notches on opposing edges at one end and incised decorative motif (knot work) on one face. Slight trowel damage on one edge, and opposite end to notches
0443-453
27.6.10
JD
872 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim fragment of thick-walled rounded vessel. Burnt on both faces
0454-455
27.6.10
JD
873 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim fragment of thick-walled rounded vessel. Burnt on exterior
0456-457
27.6.10
JD
874 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim fragment 0458-459
27.6.10
JD
875 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim fragment 0 460 27.6.10
JD
876 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment burnt on both faces. Drilled hole
0461-462
27.6.10
JD
877 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Burnt and degraded fragment of thick-walled vessel. Two sides intact
0 463 27.6 10
JD
878 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Substantial fragment of possible circular dish-type vessel or lamp with pecked indentation on one surface
0464-465
27.6.10
JD
879 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Fragment of possible thick-walled vessel. One or two faces intact. Partial drilled hole
0 466 27.6.10
JD
99
present
880 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Possible rim of thick-walled vessel. Incised lines on both faces
0467-468
27.6.10
JD
881 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim fragment of thick-walled rounded vessel
0469-470
27.6.10
JD
882 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Double faced wall fragment of thin-walled vessel
0471-472
27.6.10
JD
883 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Possible rim of thick walled vessel
0 473 27.6.10
JD
884 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment with one face intact. Two parallel incised lines on the face
0 474 27.6.10
JD
885 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel/weight 1 Possibly reworked wall fragment of thick-walled rounded vessel. Loom weight?
0 475 27.6.10
JD
886 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Fragment of thick-walled vessel. Two small faced areas present. Burnt/black concretion on one face
0 476 27.6.10
JD
887 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Double-faced wall fragment of thick-walled vessel
0 477 27.6.10
JD
888 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Double-faced wall fragment of thick-walled vessel, burnt on one face
890 0 71 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Worked fragment with incised line decoration and remnant of drilled hole
0480-481
27.6.10
JD
891 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Possible reworked vessel fragment with partially drilled hole in one face
0482-484
27.6.10
JD
892 0 71 Stone Steatite Unknown 6 Amorphous fragments. Burnt and unburnt
0 485 27.6.10
JD
893 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Possible vessel fragment with single burnt face
0 486 27.6.10
JD
894 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Possible vessel fragment with one face intact.
0 487 27.6.10
JD
895 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Possible vessel fragment with single incised line on a single intact face
0 488 27.6.10
JD
896 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Possible wall fragment with two burnt faces intact
0 489 27.6.10
JD
897 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Possible vessel fragment with scratch/trowel mark on single preserved face
0 490 27.6.10
JD
898 0 71 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Worked fragment with possible linear decoration on one face/surface
0 491 27.6.10
JD
899 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Triangular fragment of fine-walled vessel. Burnt on both faces
0492-493
27.6.10
JD
100
900 0 71 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Five sided amorphous object 0 494 27.6.10
JD
901 0 71 Stone Steatite Lamp? 1 Square object (possible lamp) with pecked indentation one side; all other surfaces are worked flat. Possible reused vessel fragment
0495-497
27.6.10
AM
902 0 71 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Square object worked on three faces of five. Tapered at one end with square notch on one side. Partially burnt
0498-499
27.6.10
JD
903 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Small double-faced fragment of fine-walled vessel. Scratched on one face
0 500 27.6.10
JD
904 0 71 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Small fragment rounded on one face
0 501 27.6.10
JD
905 0 71 Stone Steatite Spindle whorl 1 Spindle whorl fragment with one flat and one rounded surface intact and remnant of centrally drilled hole present
0502-504
27.6.10
JD
906 0 71 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone? 1 Sandstone fragment with one polished surface. Possible whetstone
0505-506
27.6.10
JD
907 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Large fragment with one face intact. Partially burnt
0 507 27.6.10
JD
908 0 71 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone? 1 Possible whetstone fragment, square cut with two polished faces
0508-510
27.6.10
JD
909 0 71 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone? 1 Possible whetstone fragment, square cut with one polished face
0511-512
27.6.10
JD
910 0 71 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 3 Sandstone fragments with one possibly polished face on each fragment
0513-514
27.6.10
JD
911 0 71 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 19 Sandstone fragments of various sizes. Unworked.
0 515 27.6.10
JD
912 0 71 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 1 Large fragment of Igaliku sandstone with one possibly polished face
0516-517
27.6.10
JD
913 0 71 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 1 One fragment with possible burning
0 518 27.6.10
JD
914 0 71 Stone Chert? Unknown 1 One large flake 0519-520
27.6.10
JD
915 0 71 Stone Flint Unknown 2 Grey flakes. Cortex present on one piece
0 521 27.6.10
JD
916 0 71 Stone Flint Unknown 1 One flake of brown flint 0 522 27.6.10
JD
917 0 71 Stone Flint Unknown 1 One white flake with rings of percussion on one surface. Possible retouch
0 523 27.6.10
JD
918 0 71 Stone Flint Unknown 1 Triangular flake. Bulb of percussion present. It's green
0 524 27.6.10
JD
101
919 0 71 Bone Walrus tooth?
Die 1 Six sided die with circle and dot incised decoration. Square in plan and rectangular in section
0525-532
27.6.10
JD
920 0 71 Metal Iron Nail? 1 Corroded iron object. Possible nail?
0 533 27.6.10
JD
921 0 71 Metal Iron Pin/nail? 1 2 cm long, square in profile 0 534 27.6.10
JD
922 0 71 Metal Iron Rivet/washer? 1 Flat plate of iron with groove in one corner
0535-536
27.6.10
JD
923 0 71 Bone Bone/antler
Unknown 1 Worked plate with remnant of central ovoid hole. 3,5 x 2 x 1 cm
0537-0538
27.6.10
JD
924 0 71 Bone Antler Unknown 1 Square cut fragment 0539-540
27.6.10
JD
925 0 71 Bone Bone Unknown 1 Worked bone, peg or similar. Apparently circular in profile. Sawn at one end
0541-542
27.6.10
JD
926 0 75 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Possible vessel or weight fragment with flat and rounded surfaces intact
0 543 27.6.10
JD
927 0 75 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Irregular fragment with one small area of face intact
0 544 27.6.10
JD
928 0 76 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Fragment of thick-walled vessel with incised decoration or carving line son two faces
0545-547
27.6.10
JD
929 0 76 Metal Iron Nail? 1 Possible nail shaft broken into two pieces
0 548 27.6.10
JD
930 0 76 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Two faces intact 0 549 27.6.10
JD
931 0 76 Wool Wool Textile 1 Ca. 7 x 4 cm fragment of cloth 0550-551
27.6.10
JD
932 0 71 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Vessel fragment with two faces intact (both burnt). Possible remnant of drilled hole in one face
0 552 27.6.10
JD
933 0 71 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 End piece of a small whetstone split in to two pieces along natural fault line. Square in section
0553-554
27.6.10
JD
934 0 71 Bone Bone/antler
Comb 1 Toothed element of composite comb - antler plate
0555-556
27.6.10
JD
935 0 74 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Substantial fragment of possible vessel. All surfaces irregular. Burnt on one face
0 557 27.6.10
AM
936 0 74 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Single fragment of thick-walled vessel (possibly rim)
0 558 27.6.10
AM
937 0 74 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Fragment of vessel with one face intact
0 559 27.6.10
AM
938 0 74 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim fragment (triangular) 0560-561
27.6.10
AM
939 0 74 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 1 One thin triangular fragment 0 562 27.6.10
JD
102
940 0 74 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 1 Irregular block 0 563 27.6.10
JD
941 0 74 Stone Flint Unknown 1 Flake of brown flint 0 564 27.6.10
JD
942 0 74 Metal Iron Slag 1 Flat lump of iron slag broken in to two pieces
0565-566
27.6.10
JD
943 0 74 Metal Iron Hook? 1 Large corroded possible fish hook
0567-568
27.6.10
JD
944 0 74 Metal Iron Nail 1 Square head and shaft of nail/rivet ca. 2,5 cm
0569-570
27.6.10
JD
945 0 74 Metal Lead? Chain? 1 Two unrelated iron links. Fine and corroded
0 571 27.6.10
JD
946 0 74 Bone, antler,
Iron
Comb 1 Five fragments of composite comb (associated)
0572-573
27.6.10
JD
947 0 73 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Large rim fragment of rounded vessel with incised line on rim
0574-576
27.6.10
JD
948 0 73 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Possibly rounded but amorphous fragment
0 577 27.6.10
JD
949 0 73 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 1 One small piece 0 578 27.6.10
JD
950 0 73 Stone Flint Unknown 1 One black flint flake with bulb of percussion. Cortex present
0 579 27.6.10
JD
951 0 73 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 Circular head and shaft of nail/rivet. Ca. 2 cm
0580-581
27.6.10
JD
952 0 71 Stone Steatite Handle for lamp or similar
(?)
1 Sub-triangular piece of carved steatite with a groove around its edge and the remnant of a drilled hole on one edge
0902-904
17.7.10
AM
953 u 071 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Single wall fragment of a thin-walled square-cut vessel. Carving marks on both faces
0905-906
17.7.10
AM
954 u 071 Bone Bone Unknown 1 Single fragment of worked bone with two flat edges
0 907 17.7.10
AM
955 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Small possible rim of thick-walled vessel
0908-909
17.7.10
AM
956 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Charred fragment of thin-walled vessel with remnant of drilled hole
0910-911
17.7.10
AM
957 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of thick-walled rounded vessel. Burnt on interior and exterior
0 912 17.7.10
AM
958 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Single fragment of thick-walled vessel charred on one surface
0913-914
17.7.10
AM
959 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Single fragment, one worked face
0 915 17.7.10
AM
960 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Small fragment, one worked face
0 916 17.7.10
AM
961 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Triangular wall fragment 0 917 17.7.10
AM
962 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Single fragment with two worked edges
0 918 17.7.10
AM
103
963 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Small fragment of thin-walled vessel. Charred on one face
0919-920
17.7.10
AM
964 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Small rim fragment 0921-922
17.7.10
AM
965 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Small fragment with two worked edges
0 923 17.7.10
AM
966 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Single small amorphous fragment
0 924 17.7.10
AM
967 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Single small amorphous fragment
0 925 17.7.10
AM
968 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Single small amorphous fragment
0 926 17.7.10
AM
969 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Single worked fragment 0 927 17.7.10
AM
970 0 72 Stone Steatite Handle 1 Single square-cut handle fragment
0928-929
17.7.10
AM
971 0 72 Stone Flint Flake 1 Single brown flake with bulb of percussion present
0 930 17.7.10
AM
972 0 72 Stone Flint Flake 1 White flake with possible retouch
0 931 17.7.10
AM
973 0 72 Stone Flint Flake 1 Single white flake 0 932 17.7.10
AM
974 0 72 Stone Flint Flake 1 Light-brown clear flake with rings of percussion present
0 933 17.7.10
AM
975 0 72 Bone Bone Pin 1 Shaft fragment of bone pin. Circular cross-section
0 934 17.7.10
AM
976 0 72 Bone Bone Pin 1 Shaft fragment of bone pin. Oval in cross-section and charred
0935-936
17.7.10
AM
977 u 072 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Single fragment of rounded possible plate, dish or similar. Remnant of hole present
0937-938
17.7.10
AM
978 u 072 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of rounded thick-walled vessel. Working marks on both faces. Charred exterior
0939-940
17.7.10
AM
979 u 072 Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Two small fragments with two worked faces on them
0 941 17.7.10
AM
980 u 072 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone? 1 Squared possible whetstone fragment
0 942 17.7.10
AM
981 u 072 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 1 Unworked fragment 0 943 17.7.10
AM
982 u 072 Stone Flint Flake 5 2 x green, 2 x brown, 1 x white 0 944 17.7.10
AM
983 u 072 Metal Iron Unknown 1 Single amorphous piece 0 945 17.7.10
AM
984 u 072 Bone Bone Pin 1 Point of rounded pin 0 946 17.7.10
AM
985 u 072 Bone Bone Pin 1 Point of rounded pin 0 947 17.7.10
AM
986 0 76 Wood Wood Unknown 3 Three worked wood fragments 0 948 17.7.10
AM
104
987 0 76 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Degraded fragment of thick-walled vessel
0 949 17.7.10
AM
988 0 76 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Small worked fragment 0 950 17.7.10
AM
989 0 76 Stone Flint/quartz
Flake 1 Small white flake, possibly retouch
0 951 17.7.10
AM
990 0 77 Stone Steatite Spindle whorl 1 Small drilled fragment. Flat on one side
0952-953
17.7.10
AM
991 0 77 Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Two amorphous fragments. One burnt
0 954 17.7.10
AM
992 0 77 Stone Flint/chert
Flake 2 Green flint, red chert 0 955 17.7.10
AM
993 0 78 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of rounded vessel with oval hole. Trowel marked
0956-957
17.7.10
AM
994 0 78 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Possible rim fragment of thin-walled vessel
0958-959
17.7.10
AM
995 0 78 Stone Steatite Vessel 3 Small fragments, one or two worked faces present. Unrelated
0 960 17.7.10
AM
996 0 78 Stone Steatite Unknown 3 Amorphous fragments. Unrelated
0 961 17.7.10
AM
997 0 78 Wood Wood Unknown 1 Square cut piece with rounded edged. One drilled (?) hole
999 0 78 Bone Bone Unknown 1 Square cut bone with hole remnant present
0965-966
17.7.10
AM
1000 0 78 Bone Bone Unknown 2 Two unrelated fragments of square-cut bone
0 967 17.7.10
AM
1001 079 D Stone Steatite Dish/vessel 1 Square-cut base and rim of dish or lamp. Carving marks obvious
0968-969
17.7.10
AM
1002 079 D Stone Steatite Lamp? 1 Finely worked body and handle remnant of shallow dish or lamp
0970-971
17.7.10
AM
1003 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Base fragment of very large thick-walled cooking vessel. Burnt on exterior
0972-974
17.7.10
AM
1004 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 2 Unrelated possible rim fragments of thickish-walled vessels
0 975 17.7.10
AM
1005 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel rim 2 Two unrelated rim fragments of fine-walled vessels
0 976 17.7.10
AM
1006 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim and base fragment of shallow vessel with reuse/hole in base
0977-978
17.7.10
AM
1007 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim and base fragment of shallow thick-walled vessel
0 979 17.7.10
AM
1008 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 As above, but with light/white "crust" on the interior, and burnt on the exterior
0980-981
17.7.10
AM
1009 079 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Worked fragment with rounded edges and decoration
0982-984
17.7.10
AM
105
1010 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Degraded wall fragment of thick-walled vessel. Carving marks on interior
0 985 17.7.10
AM
1011 079 D Stone Steatite Unknown 5 Worked fragments. Several edges. Unrelated
0 986 17.7.10
AM
1012 079 D Stone Steatite Unknown 9 Worked. Single worked faces. Unrelated
0 987 17.7.10
AM
1013 079 D Stone Steatite Unknown 11 Worked. Single "flat" faces. unrelated
0 988 17.7.10
AM
1014 079 D Stone Steatite Unknown 11 Amorphous fragments. unrelated
0 989 17.7.10
AM
1015 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 2 Possible related fragments of very thick-walled vessel(s)
0 990 17.7.10
AM
1016 079 D Stone Steatite Weight? 1 Possible reworked vessel fragment with remnant of drilled hole. Weight?
0 991 17.7.10
AM
1017 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Degraded wall fragment of large vessel
0 992 17.7.10
AM
1018 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Possible reworked wall fragment of thick-walled rounded vessel. Burnt on one face
0993-994
17.7.10
AM
1019 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Reworked vessel fragment with two original faces intact. Burnt on three face
0995-996
17.7.10
AM
1020 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Triangular fragment of thick-walled vessel
0 997 17.7.10
AM
1021 0 79 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Carved fragment with possible remnant of drilled hole
0998-1000
17.7.10
AM
1022 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Possible vessel fragment with two faces and "pecking" to one face
1001 17.7.10
AM
1023 079 D Stone Steatite Spindle whorl? 1 Possible "flat" spindle whorl fragment
1002 17.7.10
AM
1024 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel? 1 Possible reused/reworked vessel fragment (wall), burnt on one side
1003-1004
17.7.10
AM
1025 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Single fragment of fine-walled vessel
1005 17.7.10
AM
1026 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Thin sherd or wall fragment with two faces intact
1006 17.7.10
AM
1027 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 3 Unrelated vessel fragments with two faces each
1007 17.7.10
AM
1028 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 2 Thick-walled vessel fragments with two burnt faces each
1008 17.7.10
AM
1029 079 D Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Unrelated worked fragments with one "face" intact each
1009 17.7.10
AM
1030 079 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Worked fragment with two faces (burnt)
1010 17.7.10
AM
1031 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragments (x3) of a thin-walled vessel. Associated
1011 17.7.10
AM
1032 079 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Six associated and degraded vessel fragments
1012 17.7.10
AM
106
1033 079 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Thirteen associated and degraded fragments. Some burnt
1013 17.7.10
AM
1034 079 D Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 4 Unworked fragments 1014 17.7.10
AM
1035 079 D Stone Unknown 1 Possible worked/ground or rubbed stone. Fire cracked
1015-1016
17.7.10
AM
1036 079 D Metal Iron Nail 1 Clench nail and washers 1017-1019
17.7.10
AM
1037 079 D Metal Iron Washer? 1 Square washer? 1020 17.7.10
AM
1038 079 D Metal Iron Rings 2 Two unrelated iron rings 1021 17.7.10
AM
1039 079 D Metal Iron Nail? 1 Long flat possible nail shaft 1022 17.7.10
AM
1040 079 D Metal Iron Fitting/clasp 1 Iron(?) clasp or "dress" fitting in the form of three circles with two studs on the rear
1023-1025
17.7.10
AM
1041 079 D Metal Iron Slag 1 Iron slag - high metal content. Possible charcoal marks on one side
1026 17.7.10
AM
1042 079 D Stone Flint Flake 1 Green flint flake 1027 17.7.10
AM
1043 0 80 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Fragment of round vessel with a cream-colored concretion on one face. Two faces intact, wall fragment
1028 17.7.10
JD
1044 0 80 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of thin-walled vessel. Two faces intact, one charred
1029 17.7.10
JD
1045 0 80 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Large flat fragment of steatite. Covered in an iron panning. Seven drilled holes spread around outside edges of fragment
1030-1031
17.7.10
JD
1046 0 80 Stone Flint Flake 2 Two flakes of flint. One translucent one grey. No work visible
1032 17.7.10
JD
1047 0 80 Stone Quartz 1 Large piece of unworked quartz 1033 17.7.10
JD
1048 0 80 Wood Wood Stave 1 Wooden bucket/cup (?) stave approximately 9 cm long and 0,4 cm thick
1034-1036
17.7.10
JD
1049 0 80 Wood Wood Nail 1 Sub-circular wooden nail/peg, bulbous at one end. Approximately 5 cm long
1037 17.7.10
JD
1050 0 80 Wood Wood Unknown 6 Six various pieces/fragments of worked wood
1038 17.7.10
JD
1051 0 80 Wood Wood Unknown 3 Three long pieces of worked wood
1039 17.7.10
JD
1052 0 80 Bone antler Unknown 1 Sawn bone or antler 1040 17.7.10
JD
107
1053 0 80 Bone Bone Needle 1 Needle made of bone, around 8 cm. Picture of bag not artifact
1041 17.7.10
JD
1054 0 80 Bone Bone Unknown 1 Walrus maxilla or whale bone. Chiseled conical shape
17.7.10
JD
1055 0 81 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Three related fragments of reworked steatite vessel, thin-walled. Triangular in form
1049-51
17.7.10
JD
1056 0 81 Stone Flint Flake 1 Translucent flake of flint. rings of percussion present
1052-1053
17.7.10
JD
1057 0 82 Bone Antler Unknown 1 Sawn/worked antler. Half-product 4,5 x 2 x 0,5 cm
1054-1056
17.7.10
JD
1058 0 82 Bone Antler Unknown 1 Sawn/worked antler. Half-product 2 x 1 x 0,5 cm
1057-1058
17.7.10
JD
1059 0 82 Wool Wool Textile 1 One small fragment of cloth or other type of textile
1059 17.7.10
JD
1060 0 83 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rounded thin-walled vessel fragment. Two incised lines carved on exterior, charred on the interior
1060-1061
17.7.10
JD
1061 0 83 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Fragment of steatite worked on four sides. Slightly degraded
1062 17.7.10
JD
1062 0 83 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Fragment. Worked on one side 1063-1064
17.7.10
JD
1063 0 83 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Amorphous fragment of steatite 1065-1066
17.7.10
JD
1064 0 83 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 2 Two unworked pieces of Igaliku sandstone. Some iron panning present
1067 17.7.10
JD
1065 0 83 Stone Flint Core 1 Translucent piece of flint core. Several worked areas present
1068-1070
17.7.10
JD
1066 0 83 Stone Flint Flake/piece 1 Translucent piece of flint. No working visible
1071 17.7.10
JD
1067 0 83 Wood Wood Unknown 1 Worked wood approximately 10 cm x 2 x 2 cm
1072 17.7.10
JD
1068 084 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of thick walled vessel. Remnant of drilled hole visible, possible repair hole
1073 17.7.10
JD
1069 0 84 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Flat triangular shaped fragment with possible repair hole. Charred on one face
1074 17.7.10
JD
1070 084 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Flat triangular shaped fragment with possible repair hole. Charred on one face
1075 17.7.10
JD
1071 084 D Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Worked on three faces. Unrelated. One scarred on one face
1076 17.7.10
JD
1072 084 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Triangular fragment, possibly a rim. Remnant of drilled hole
1077 17.7.10
JD
1073 084 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Base of large vessel fragment. Carved on interior and exterior
1078-1080
17.7.10
JD
1074 084 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Fragment. Two worked sides and remnant of a drilled hole - very eroded
1081-1082
17.7.10
JD
108
1075 084 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Worked fragment on three sides. Incised lines (2) on one face
1083 17.7.10
JD
1076 084 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Possible rim fragment of rounded thin-walled vessel
1084 17.7.10
JD
1077 084 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Corner fragment of large steatite object. Broken in two pieces. Worked on four sides
1085 17.7.10
JD
1078 084 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Small circular fragment. Charred on both sides
1086-1087
17.7.10
JD
1079 084 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Small fragment worked on four sides. Partially drilled hole on one face
1088 17.7.10
JD
1080 084 D Stone Steatite Unknown 5 Unrelated steatite fragments worked on one side
1089 17.7.10
JD
1081 084 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Amorphous fragments of steatite
1090 17.7.10
JD
1082 084 D Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 3 Unworked fragments of Igaliku sandstone. Unrelated
1091 17.7.10
JD
1083 084 D Stone Sandstone
Whetstone? 1 Possible whetstone made of sandstone. Broken in two pieces. Polished on two sides
1092 17.7.10
JD
1084 084 D Metal Iron Nail 1 Iron nail, head and partial shaft 1093 17.7.10
KS
1085 084 D Metal Iron Nail 1 Iron nail. Rounded head and partial shaft
1094 17.7.10
JD
1086 0 86 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of thin-walled rounded vessel. Charring and iron panning on interior
1095-1096
17.7.10
JD
1087 0 86 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone (?) 1 Large (10 x 2 x 1 cm) whetstone (?). Square in cross-section. Possibly for polishing needles. Several grooves on one face
1097-1098
17.7.10
JD
1088 0 86 Wood Wood Peg/nail 1 Sub-circular wooden peg/nail with knot. Bulbous at one end. 8 cm long
1099-1100
17.7.10
JD
1089 0 86 Bone Whale bone
Plaque 1 Whale bone plaque. Flat on one side, convex on other. Hole drilled through one end. 8 x 0,4 cm
1101-1102
17.7.10
JD
1090 0 86 Wool Wool Textile 1 Piece of cloth or other textile, approximately 8 x 3 cm. Not necessarily associated with this context - found in trench (Area B)
1103 17.7.10
JD
1091 U 088 Stone Quartz Unknown 1 Piece of quartz with partial hole drilled in middle
1104-1105
17.7.10
JD
1092 U 088 Stone Flint Flake 1 Flake of green flint. Bulb of percussion present
1106 17.7.10
JD
109
1093 089 D Stone Steatite Loom weight 1 Possibly vessel fragment reused as weight. Thick-walled, one complete hole and one partial/broken hole. Four parallel incised lines on a possible rim edge
1107-1109
17.7.10
JD
1094 089 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Wall fragment of thin-walled vessel with chiseled decoration. Broken in two pieces
1110 17.7.10
JD
1095 089 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Steatite fragment with possible repair hole
1111 17.7.10
JD
1096 089 D Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Small steatite object. Round in shape. Two holes drilled (but broken)
1112-1113
17.7.10
JD
1097 089 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Flat fragment of vessel. Possibly a base. Charred on both outside and inside
1114-1115
17.7.10
JD
1098 089 D Stone Steatite Vessel 3 Three vessel fragments. Flat edges. Charred on one side, and worked on one side each. Possible bases
1116 17.7.10
JD
1099 089 D Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Two 0, 4 cm thick fragments. Unrelated
1117 17.7.10
JD
1100 089 D Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Two unrelated steatite fragments, worked on one side
1118 17.7.10
JD
1101 089 D Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Possible rim. Worked in three sides
1119-1120
17.7.10
JD
1102 089 D Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Amorphous unworked fragments of steatite
1121 17.7.10
JD
1103 089 D Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 1 Possibly polished on one side 1122 17.7.10
JD
1104 089 D Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Unknown 1 Unworked fragment of Igaliku sandstone
1123 17.7.10
JD
1105 089 D Bone Whale bone
Unknown 1 Worked fragment of whale bone 1124-1125
17.7.10
JD
1106 089 D Metal Iron Nail 1 Circular head, bent shaft 1126 17.7.10
JD
1107 0 90 Stone Steatite Cooking plate (?)
1 Flat rim fragment of possible cooking plate. Remnant of drilled hole. Charred on both sides. Iron panning on one side
1127-1129
17.7.10
JD
1108 0 90 Stone Flint Flake 1 Translucent flake of flint. Bulb of percussion present. Possible retouch
1130 17.7.10
JD
1109 0 90 Wood Wood Nail 1 Square in section (shaft). Head also square
1131-1132
17.7.10
JD
1110 0 90 Wood Wood Nail 1 Possibly split transversely. Approximately 5 cm long
1133-1134
17.7.10
JD
1111 0 90 Wood Wood Stave 1 Approximately 14 cm long. Complete bucket stave. 0,5 cm thick. Convex on exterior, concave on interior
1135-1138
17.7.10
JD
110
1112 0 90 Wood Wood Stave 1 Partial bucket stave. 6 cm x 4 cm x 0,4 cm. Convex on exterior, concave on interior
1139-1141
17.7.10
JD
1113 0 90 Wood Wood Stave 1 Thin bucket/cup stave. Partial. Convex on the exterior, concave on interior. 5 x 3 x 0,2 cm approximately
1142-1143
17.7.10
JD
1114 0 90 Wood Wood Stave 1 14 x 5 x 0,2 cm complete bucket stave. Four nail holes present
1144-1146
17.7.10
JD
1115 0 90 Wood Wood Stave (?) 1 8 x 3 x 0,3 cm. Possibly a vessel stave. Two holes drilled. One hole possibly for dowel attachment
1147-1149
17.7.10
JD
1116 0 90 Wood Wood Nail 1 Wooden peg or nail split transversely in half. 11 x 2 cm x 0,1 cm
1150-1151
17.7.10
JD
1117 0 90 Wood Wood Unknown 1 Worked wood, sharpened at two ends. 6 x 1 x 1 cm
1152-1153
17.7.10
JD
1118 0 90 Wood Wood Unknown 5 Five worked wood fragments of various sizes
1154-1155
17.7.10
JD
1119 0 92 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Thick-walled vessel fragment. Wall fragment
1156 17.7.10
JD
1120 0 90 Stone Igaliku sandstone 1 Unworked small piece of Igaliku sandstone
1157 17.7.10
JD
1121 0 68 Bone Antler Half product 1 Flat fragment of antler, possible blank for comb production. Sawn
0848-50
2010 KS
1122 0 68 Stone Quartz manuport 3 Three unworked fragments 0851 2010 KS1123 0 68 Wool Wool Textile 1 Small fragment of textile 0852 2010 KS1124 0 72 Stone Flint flake 1 Green fragment, percussion
bulb visible 0853-
8542010 KS
1125 0 72 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
manuport 2 Two unworked fragments 0855 2010 KS
1126 0 72 Stone Steatite Unknown 3 Three fragments with one face worked
0856 2010 KS
1127 0 72 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim fragment, one side charred 0857 2010 KS1128 0 72 Metal Iron Clamp 1 Flat iron piece, bent on 90
degree angle 0858-
8632010 KS
1129 0 72 Wool Wool Textile 3 three fragments in separate bags with soil
0864 2010 KS
1130 Cleaning
under 072
Stone Quartz Manuport 1 Chipped fragment 0865 2010 KS
1154 0 98 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Crudely worked fragment 0980-982
2010 KS
1155 0 98 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim fragment with repair hole 0983 2010 KS1156 0 99 Stone Steatite Spindle whorl 1 Fragment of spindle whorl,
round on top and base 0984-
9882010 KS
1157 0 99 Stone Flint Flake 2 Two flakes, one black one green
0989-990
2010 KS
1158 0 99 Stone Quartz manuport 1 Chipped fragment 0991 2010 KS1159 0 99 Stone Igaliku
sandstone
manuport 1 Unworked 0992 2010 KS
1160 0 99 Stone Steatite Unknown 10 Worked on at least one surface 0993-994
2010 KS
1161 0 99 Metal Iron Nail 1 Bent iron nail, round head 0995-999
2010 KS
1162 0 99 Bone Bone Needle 1 Needle head 1000-1007
2010 KS
112
1163 100 Stone Steatite Unknown 2 One could be a rim 1008-1009
2010 KS
1164 100 Stone Quartz flake 1 1010-1011
2010 KS
1165 101 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Fragment with repair hole, half filled with charring (outside?)
1012-1013
2010 KS
1166 102 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Very eroded, some polished surfaces still visible
1014-1015
2010 KS
1167 103 Bone Bone Nail 1 Possible bone nail 1016 2010 KS1168 105 Wood Wood Spindle 1 Complete spindle 1017-
10182010 KS
1169 106 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
manuport 1 Unworked 1019 2010 KS
1170 106 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Square in section, worked on four faces
1020-1021
2010 KS
1171 107 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
manuport 1 unworked 1022 2010 KS
1172 107 Stone Schist Whet stone 1 Fragment 1023-1026
2010 KS
1173 108 Bone Antler Half product 1 Sawn fragment, possibly bone working debris
1027-1028
2010 KS
1174 108 Stone Steatite Unknown 3 Fragments with two worked sides, one of them is charred
1029 2010 KS
1175 108 Stone Quartz manuport/flake 1 May have been knapped 1030 2010 KS1176 112 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Charred both sides 1031 2010 KS1177 113 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Worked fragment of steatite 1032 2010 KS1178 103 Wool Wool Textile 1 Fragment of woolen textile 1033-
10352010 KS
1179 107 Wool Wool Textile 1 Fragment of woolen textile, still in bag with soil from the context
No photo taken
2010 KS
1180 114 Stone Steatite Unknown 10 Steatite fragments with no worked surfaces surviving
1036 2010 KS
1181 114 Stone Steatite Unknown 25 Steatite fragments with one worked surface surviving. Nine of them have scorched surfaces
1037-1038
2010 KS
1182 114 Stone Steatite Unknown 16 Steatite fragment with two worked faces surviving
1039-1040
2010 KS
1183 114 Stone Steatite Loom weight 1 Fragment of loom weight. Runes?
1041-1043
2010 KS
1184 114 Stone Steatite Spindle whorl 1 Possible spindle whorl fragment 1044 2010 KS1185 114 Stone Steatite Spindle Whorl 1 fragment of decorated spindle
whorl, flat at the bottom rounded on top
1045-1047
2010 KS
1186 114 Stone Steatite Spindle whorl 1 Fragment of spindle whorl, flat at the bottom rounded on top
1048-1051
2010 KS
1187 114 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Corner of a cooking vessel or large lamp, ornamented with three parallel lines on the side rim. Charring on inside and
1052-1057
2010 KS
113
outside
1188 114 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Fragments with two or more worked surfaces
1058-1059
2010 KS
1189 114 Stone Steatite Vessel 7 Side shreds. One of them is burned on two surfaces
1060-1062
2010 KS
1190 114 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Side sherd with crude decoration on the outside
1063-1066
2010 KS
1191 114 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Steatite fragment with a right angle north cut in it. Runes?
1067-1068
2010 KS
1192 114 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Possible handle or a patching rivet. Has a hole drilled through and a groove
1069-1074
2010 KS
1193 114 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Worked on two surfaces, charred on one side. Possible side sherd
1075-1077
2010 KS
1194 114 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Corner of a rectangular object with a hole drilled through. Charred on two sides
1078-1079
2010 KS
1195 114 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
manuport 1 Unworked 1080 2010 KS
1196 114 Stone Sandstone
Whetstone 1 Dark grey sandstone, one surface smoothly polished. Probably whetstone fragment
1081-1082
2010 KS
1197 114 Stone Quartz Manuport 4 Fragments of unworked quartz 1083-1084
2010 KS
1098 114 Stone Quartz Manuport 1 Unworked fragment of large quartz. Crystal growth is visible in the section
1085-1092
2010 KS
1199 114 Stone Crystal Manuport 1 Flake 1093-1094
2010 KS
1200 114 Stone Flint Flake 3 Fragments of burnt flint 1095-1096
2010 KS
1201 114 Stone Flint Flake 2 Percussion marks visible in both
1205 114 Metal Iron Spike 1 Square in section 1114-1118
2010 KS
1206 114 Metal Iron Clinch nail 2 Round heads, diamond shaped washers, the end of the shaft is bent
1119-1126
2010 KS
1207 114 Metal Iron Nail 3 Nails with square heads and round shanks
1127-1129
2010 KS
1208 114 Metal Iron Nail 2 Nails with round heads and shanks
1130-1131
2010 KS
1209 114 Metal Iron Nail 2 Very corroded 1132-1133
2010 KS
1210 114 Bone Bone Pin 1 Pin, possibly made from pig 1134- 2010 KS
114
fibula 11441211 114 Wool Wool Textile 1 Textile fragment, still with soil
from context No
photo taken
2010 KS
1212 114 Bone Whale bone
Half product 1 Sawn and chiseled whale bone fragment
1145-1149
2010 KS
1213 114 Wood Wood Unknown 3 Worked wood of unknown function
1150-1151
2010 KS
1214 114 Bone Walrus tooth
Game piece 1 Made on a lathe from a walrus ivory or post canine. The hole in the base is 1,5 cm deep
1152-1209
2010 KS
1215 115 Bone Whale bone
Half product 1 Sawn whale bone fragment 1210-1211
2010 KS
1216 116 Glass Glass Bead 1 1212-1261
2010 KS
1217 116 Bone Bone Unknown 1 Flat worked bone object with a hole drilled through
1262-1263
2010 KS
1218 116 Wood Wood Unknown 1 Worked wood 1264 2010 KS1219 117 Wood Wood Unknown 1 Possibly the end of a wooden
nail 1265-1266
2010 KS
1220 117 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Manuport 1 Unworked 1267 2010 KS
1221 118 Wood Wood Worked Wood 1 Round in section, sharpened 1268 2010 KS1222 119 Wood Wood Stave 1 Fragment of a stave from a
bucket or a cup 1269-1270
2010 KS
1223 119 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Worked on two faces, charred 1271 2010 KS1224 121 Stone Igaliku
sandstone
manuport 1 Unworked 1272 2010 KS
1225 121 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Large whetstone, polished on three sides
1273-1274
2010 KS
1226 120 Wood Wood Peg 1 Wooden peg, rectangular in section. The pointy end has been blunted as if it was driven in to something
1275 2010 KS
1227 123 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim. Remnants of burning on the inside
1276-1277
2010 KS
1228 124 Wool Wool Textile 1 1278-1279
2010 KS
1229 127 Bone Antler Comb 1 Middle part of composite comb 1280-1283
2010 KS
1230 128 Wood Wood Worked Wood 1 Worked wood of unknown function
1284 2010 KS
1231 130 Stone Steatite Loom weight 1 Vessel reworked in to a loom weight. Possible runes or scratches
1285-1289
2010 KS
1232 130 Stone Quartz Flake 2 Flakes of quartz 1290 2010 KS1233 130 Stone Igaliku
sandstone
Whetstone 1 Very thin whetstone end, worked on 5 faces
1291-1292
2010 KS
115
1234 130 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Manuport 1 Unworked 1293 2010 KS
1235 130 Bone antler Suckling stick 1 Broken in half 1294-1313
2010 KS
1236 132 Stone flint Fragment 1 Fragment of green flint, may have been chipped
1314 2010 KS
1237 132 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Manuport 1 Unworked 1315 2010 KS
1238 135 Stone Steatite Vessel 2 Side shreds, worked on two faces. Outside burnt
1316 2010 KS
1239 135 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Worked on three faces, one of which is burnt. Scratches present
1317-1318
2010 KS
1240 135 Stone flint Fragment 1 Grey/milky flint 1319 2010 KS1241 135 Stone Quartz Flake 1 Flake with bifacial retouch 1320-
13222010 KS
1242 133 Bone antler By product 1 Craft working debris 1323 2010 KS1243 133 Wool Wool Textile 1 Very small fragment of textile,
still with soil No
photo taken
2010 KS
1244 135 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Could be a rim of some sort, charred on one side
1342 2010 KS
1245 136 Wood Wood Worked Wood 5 Various sizes 1325 2010 KS1246 137 Stone Igaliku
sandstone
manuport 2 Unworked 1326 2010 KS
1247 137 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Corner of a rectangular object. Worked on four surfaces
1327 2010 KS
1248 137 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim of a very thin flat vessel, maybe cooking plate? Bottom charred
1328 2010 KS
1249 137 Stone Flint Flake 1 Knapped flake with bifacial retouch
1329-1330
2010 KS
1250 137 Stone Quartz Manuport 1 Unworked 1331 2010 KS1251 138 Bone Antler Half product 1 Sawn and whittled, may be a
comb blank 1332-1342
2010 KS
1252 139 Stone Flint/chert
Fragment 1 Large fragment with several percussion marks visible
1343-1345
2010 KS
1253 139 Wood Wood Worked Wood 1 Round in section. Spike? 1346 2010 KS1254 139 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Corner of a very thick flat
vessel 1347-1348
2010 KS
1255 138 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Side sherd or base fragment of a thick, crudely worked vessel
1349-1350
2010 KS
1256 138 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim. Charring on both sides 1351 2010 KS1257 138 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Unworked 1352 2010 KS1258 132 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Flat vessel, charred on the
bottom 1353-1354
2010 KS
1259 132 Stone Steatite Unknown 3 Three fragments with at least one surface worked
1355 2010 KS
116
1260 140 Stone Unknown
Unknown 1 Black sedimentary stone? Apparently also found on Shetland, according to prehistoric archaeologists. Probably burnt. Seems to be polished on two surfaces. Worked similarly to an Igaliku sandstone whetstone
1356-1359
2010 KS
1261 140 Stone Flint Fragment 1 Grey flint fragment 1360-1361
2010 KS
1262 140 Stone Steatite Unknown 4 Unworked 1362 2010 KS1263 140 Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Worked on at least one surface.
One of them is charred 1363 2010 KS
1264 140 Wood Wood Worked Wood 4 Fragments of worked wood 1364 2010 KS1265 142 Stone Quartz Manuport 1 May have been knapped 1365 2010 KS1266 145 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Possibly plate fragment.
Runes? 1366-1368
2010 KS
1267 145 Metal Iron Slag 1 Iron slag with remnants of red peat ash on it
1369-1374
2010 KS
1268 145 Wool Wool Textile 1 Small fragment of textile 1375 2010 KS1269 145 Bone Antler By product 1 Sawn fragment 1376-
13802010 KS
1270 145 Wood Wood Worked Wood 9 Various worked wood fragments
1381 2010 KS
1271 145 Wood Wood Suckling stick 3 Suckling sticks of various sizes 1382-1384
2010 KS
1272 146 Bone Bone/antler?
Unknown 1 Corner of ornamented flat object. Maybe a bodkin or a needle. Scorched
1385-1417
2010 KS
1273 146 Bone Antler Pin half product
1 Whittled antler fragment, round in section. Possible bone pin shank
1418-1422
2010 KS
1274 148 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Oval shaped steatite fragment with two holes drilled through, and three holes only partially drilled
1423-1431
2010 KS
1275 150 Wood Wood Worked Wood 7 Various worked wood fragments
1432 2010 KS
1276 150 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Manuport 1 Unworked 1433 2010 KS
1277 152 Wood Wood Worked Wood 1 Unknown object with a hole drilled through
1434 2010 KS
1278 152 Bone Antler Half product 1 Sawn antler plaque. Possibly a comb production blank
1435-1450
2010 KS
1279 152 Bone Antler By product 1 Antler fragment, sawn and split. Craft work
1451-1457
2010 KS
1280 154 Wood Wood Worked Wood 4 Various worked wood fragments
1458 2010 KS
1281 155 Wood Wood Nail? 2 Two whittled wood fragments. Round in section
1459-1460
2010 KS
1282 155 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim of a large flat vessel 1461-1462
2010 KS
117
1283 156 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Large whetstone, polished on four sides. Almost complete. Square in section
1463-1469
2010 KS
1284 157 Stone Steatite Unknown 4 Fragments worked on at least one surface
1470 2010 KS
1285 157 Wood Wood Worked Wood 1 1471 2010 KS1286 157 Stone Quartz Manuport 1 Unworked 1472-
14732010 KS
1287 158 Stone Flint Fragment 1 Grey, milky flint. Possible retouch
1474-1477
2010 KS
1288 158 Wood Wood Worked Wood 1 1478 2010 KS1289 158 Stone Steatite Unknown 3 Fragments worked on at least
one surface 1479 2010 KS
1290 159 Wood Wood Worked Wood 7 Various worked wood fragments
1480-1481
2010 KS
1291 162 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim with incised decoration on the outside. Charred on the outside
1482-1483
2010 KS
1292 162 Stone Quartz Manuport 1 1484-1486
2010 KS
1293 162 Bone Antler By product 1 Whittled antler fragment. By product
1487-1489
2010 KS
1294 163 Stone Flint Flake 2 One grey and one green 1490-1491
2010 KS
1295 164 Wood Wood Worked Wood 2 Various worked wood fragments
1492 2010 KS
1296 164 Bone Antler By product 4 Various worked antler fragments, craftwork debris
1493-1495
2010 KS
1297 164 Stone Quartz Manuport 1 May have been knapped 1496 2010 KS1298 164 Bone Bone/an
tler Comb 1 Not possible to distinguish if it is
bone or antler, but most likely antler for the middle part. Two metal rivets present, probably iron. Single sided composite comb
1497-1512
2010 KS
1299 164 Bone Antler Comb 1 Middle part of composite comb 1513-1515
2010 KS
1300 154 Metal Lead Weight 1 Early medieval/viking age lead weight. Round in shape, flat on base and top. Cannot read the number. One cm in diameter
1516-1530
2010 KS
1301 152 Wool Wool Textile 1 Textile fragment, still with soil from context
No photo taken
2010 KS
1302 152 Bone Antler Pin 1 No ornaments, one of several of the same type found at the site. Bodkin?
1531-1555
2010 KS
1303 165 Wood Wood Pin 1 Rounded in section, whittled wood fragment. Perhaps fragment of a pin or a spindle.
1556 2010 KS
1304 165 Wood Wood Worked Wood 34 Various worked wood fragments
1557 2010 KS
1305 168 Stone Flint Flake 1 White flake, percussion bulb visible
1558-1560
2010 KS
118
1306 171 Wool Wool Textile 1 Textile fragment, still with soil from context
No photo taken
2010 KS
1307 171 Bone Antler Pin 1 Head of pin. No ornaments, one of several of the same type found at the site. Bodkin?
1561-1576
2010 KS
1308 174 Wood Wood Unknown 1 Ask Jette 1577-1582
2010 KS
1309 174 Wood Wood Worked Wood 9 Various worked wood fragments
1583 2010 KS
1310 180 Wood Wood Nail/stake 1 Wooden nail or stake 1584 2010 KS1311 180 Wood Wood Worked Wood 3 Various worked wood
fragments 1585 2010 KS
1312 180 Bone Antler By product 1 Craftwork debris 1586-1587
2010 KS
1313 181 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Whetstone fragment, polished on one surface
1588-1589
2010 KS
1314 182 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Large vessel fragment, very corroded
1590-1591
2010 KS
1315 183 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Manuport 1 Unworked 1592 2010 KS
1316 183 Bone Antler By product 1 Sawn and whittled fragment, it has been charred
1593-1597
2010 KS
1317 183 Stone Steatite Unknown 6 Fragments worked on at least one surface
1598 2010 KS
1318 183 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Fragment of a very thick vessel. Flat. Burnt on two sides
1599-1600
2010 KS
1319 183 Stone Flint Flake 1 Green flake 1601 2010 KS1320 Cleani
ng under
183
Wood Wood Worked Wood 3 Various worked wood fragments
1602 2010 KS
1321 Cleaning
under 183
Metal Iron Nail 1 Square rivet/nail head or a washer
1603-1604
2010 KS
1322 Cleaning
under 183
Metal Iron Nail 1 Round headed nail and round shank
1605-1606
2010 KS
1323 184 Wood Wood Nail/rivet 2 Large wooden nails or rivets 1607-1613
2010 KS
1324 184 Wood Wood Worked Wood 4 Various worked wood fragments
1614 2010 KS
1325 186 Bone Antler By product 3 Sawn antler fragments. Scorched
1615-1620
2010 KS
1326 186 Stone Flint/chert
Fragment 1 1621 2010 KS
1327 186 Wood Wood Worked Wood 3 Various worked wood fragments
1622 2010 KS
1328 187 Stone Igaliku sandsto
Unknown 1 Polished on one side 1623 2010 KS
119
ne
1329 187 Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Possible incisions. One has a cross, one has possible runes
1624 2010 KS
1330 187 Stone Steatite Unknown 3 Fragments worked on at least one surface
1625 2010 KS
1331 187 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Large vessel fragment, very corroded
1626 2010 KS
1332 187 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Possible pendant, hole drilled through
1627 2010 KS
1333 187 Stone Steatite lamp 1 Possible miniature lamp 1628-1639
2010 KS
1334 187 Wood Wood Worked Wood 2 Various worked wood fragments
1640 2010 KS
1335 187 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Very large whetstone, broken in three pieces
1641-1647
2010 KS
1336 187 Metal Iron Nail 1 Shank fragment 1648 2010 KS1337 187 Metal Iron Unknown 1 Possibly nail, clamp or
fishhook. Rectangular in section 1649-1650
2010 KS
1338 187 Wool Wool Textile 6 Six textile fragment No photo taken
2010 KS
1339 188 Stone Steatite lamp/bowl 1 Rim and part of the base of a small lamp or bowl
1651-1652
2010 KS
1340 188 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Fragment worked on two faces 1653 2010 KS1341 188 Wood Wood Worked Wood 4 Various worked wood
fragments 1654 2010 KS
1342 188 Wood Wood Nail/wedge 1 1655-1656
2010 KS
1343 191 Stone Igaliku sandstone 1 Looks polished, possible whetstone fragment
1657 2010 KS
1344 191 Stone Steatite Patching rivet? 1 Round fragment, looks like half product of a spindle whorl, but has thick charring to the "bottom" flat part
1658-1659
2010 KS
1345 191 Stone Flint Flake 1 1660 2010 KS1346 191 Wood Wood Worked Wood 1 Possibly a stave possibly from
a bucket or barrel 1661 2010 KS
1347 192 Wool Wool Textile 1 Very small fragment of woven textile
No photo taken
2010 KS
1348 192 Wool Wool Textile 1 Small fragment of woven textile No photo taken
2010 KS
1349 192 Wood Wood Worked Wood 5 Various worked wood fragments
1662 2010 KS
1350 192 Wood Wood Nail/rivet 2 One small complete rivet and a head of a large one
1663-1664
2010 KS
1351 193 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
manuport 1 Unworked 1665 2010 KS
1352 193 Wood Wood Worked Wood 1 1666 2010 KS
120
1353 195 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Manuport 1 Unworked 1667 2010 KS
1354 195 Stone Quartz flake 1 1668 2010 KS1355 195 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Corner of a flat vessel, two rim
surfaces. Charred on the outside. Rough scratches on the outside, most likely not trowel or shovel marks
1669-1670
2010 KS
1356 195 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Charred on one side 1671 2010 KS1357 195 Bone Walrus
bone Game piece half product
1 Made from walrus maxilla, conically shaped to be a game piece
1672-1682
2010 KS
1358 195 Wood Wood Worked Wood 5 Various worked wood fragments
1360 195 Wood Wood Nail/pin? 1 The pointy end of a pin or a nail. Round in section.
1686 2010 KS
1361 195 Wool Wool Textile 1 Fragment of textile, still with soil from the context
No photo taken
2010 KS
1362 195 Wool Wool Textile 1 Fragment of textile, still with soil from the context
No photo taken
2010 KS
1363 195 Wool Wool Textile 1 Fragment of textile, still with soil from the context
No photo taken
2010 KS
1364 195 Wool Wool Textile 1 Fragment of textile, still with soil from the context
No photo taken
2010 KS
1365 196 Wool Wool Textile 1 Four small fragments that are related
No photo taken
2010 KS
1366 196 Bone Antler Half product 1 Worked antler. Flat fragment, has been burnt
1687-1688
2010 KS
1367 197 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Manuport 2 Unworked 1689 2010 KS
1368 197 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Very large whetstone fragment, polished on two faces
1690-1691
2010 KS
1369 197 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Worked and charred on one side
1692 2010 KS
1370 197 Wool Wool Textile 1 Fragment of textile, still with soil from the context
No photo taken
2010 KS
1371 198 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Manuport 1 Unworked 1693 2010 KS
1372 198 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Side sherd 1694 2010 KS1373 198 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Remnants of a small repair
hole, charred on both sides. Side sherd.
1695-1696
2010 KS
121
1374 198 Stone Quartz Manuport 1 Unworked 1697 2010 KS1375 198 Metal Iron Rivet 1 Rivet/clinch nail. Round head,
rectangular washer 1698-1699
2010 KS
1376 196 Baleen Baleen Unknown 1 Complete artifact. Belt/strip of baleen. Very precisely cut, perhaps used for barrel or bucket fastening
1700-1702
2010 KS
1377 Cleaning
above 199
Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Large whetstone fragment 1703-1705
2010 KS
1378 Cleaning
above 199
Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Manuport 1 Unworked 1706 2010 KS
1379 Cleaning
above 199
Stone Pumice Needle polisher?
1 Volcanic pumice, used for sharpening/polishing bone needles/pins and/or small metal objects. Several worked surfaces, and notches visible
1707-1714
2010 KS
1380 199 Stone Steatite Vessel 2 Side shreds 1715 2010 KS1381 199 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim fragment 1716 2010 KS1382 199 Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Two fragments, worked on one
or more surfaces 1717 2010 KS
1383 199 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Fragment of rectangular object with patching hole drilled, but not all the way through
1718-1719
2010 KS
1384 199 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Charred on both sides, with a repair hole visible
1720-1721
2010 KS
1385 201 Stone Steatite Loom weight 1 Loom weight fragment, possible runes
1722-1724
2010 KS
1386 201 Stone Steatite Unknown 9 Worked on one side 1725 2010 KS1387 201 Stone Steatite Vessel 4 Worked on two sides 1726-
17272010 KS
1388 201 Stone Steatite Unknown 3 Fragments with rounded worked surfaces
1728 2010 KS
1389 201 Stone Steatite Vessel 3 Rims 1729 2010 KS1390 201 Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Worked on several surfaces.
One is notched. 1730-1731
2010 KS
1391 201 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Base fragment of a thick, roughly carved vessel
1732-1735
2010 KS
1392 201 Stone Flint Flake 1 Some percussion marks visible 1736-1737
2010 KS
1393 201 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 Head of a nail or a rivet. Rectangular head
1738-1740
2010 KS
1394 201 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 Head of a nail or a rivet. Round head
1741 2010 KS
1395 201 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 Rectangular washer 1742-1743
2010 KS
1396 201 Metal Iron Unknown 1 Possible nail shank 1744 2010 KS1397 203 Wool Wool Textile 1 Fragment of textile No
photo taken
2010 KS
1398 203 Bone Whale Half product 2 Two fragments of worked whale 1745- 2010 KS
122
bone bone 17461399 203 Stone Flint Fragment 1 Grey flint 1747-
17482010 KS
1400 203 Stone Steatite Vessel 5 Side shreds, worked on two faces. Burnt
1749-1750
2010 KS
1401 203 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim, one side is burnt 1751 2010 KS1402 203 Stone Steatite Unknown 3 Worked on one face. One is
burnt 1752 2010 KS
1403 203 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Rim fragment of a rectangular object
1753 2010 KS
1404 203 Wood Wood Net needle? 1 Wooden needle or pin 1754-1760
2010 KS
1405 204 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 Head is diamond shaped 1761 2010 KS1406 205 Bone Walrus
Ivory Sword chape 1 Probably not finished, as it is
roughly carved/chiseled 1762-1791, 1794-1820
2010 KS
1407 205 Stone Flint Flake 1 Green flake 1792-1793
2010 KS
1408 205 Stone Steatite Unknown 5 Various fragments 1821-1822
2010 KS
1409 206 Wool Wool Textile 1 Textile fragment No photo taken
2010 KS
1410 207 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Manuport 1 Unworked 1823 2010 KS
1411 207 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Complete object, diamond in section from above. Flat at the top and bottom. Gaming piece?
1824-1830
2010 KS
1412 207 Stone Steatite Vessel 3 Side shreds 1831 2010 KS1413 207 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 Round head with round shank 1832-
18332010 KS
1414 208 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim 1834-1835
2010 KS
1415 208 Bone Whale bone
Half product 1 Wedge shaped whale bone fragment
1836-1839
2010 KS
1416 210 Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Worked on at least one surface 1840 2010 KS1417 210 Wood Wood Unknown 1 Worked wood 1841 2010 KS1418 212 Stone Igaliku
sandstone
Manuport 1 Unworked 1842 2010 KS
1419 212 Bone Bone Pin 1 Finished pin or needle half product
1843-1857
2010 KS
1420 214 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Worked fragment 1858-1859
2010 KS
1421 214 Wood Wood Bucket/barrel 1 Stave from a bucket or barrel 1860-1861
2010 KS
1422 215 Wood Wood Worked Wood 1 Worked wood of unknown function
1862-1864
2010 KS
1423 216 Wool Wool Textile 1 Two small related fragments of textile
No photo taken
2010 KS
1424 216 Stone Steatite Spindle whorl 1 Half of a spindle whorl, flat base 1865- 2010 KS
123
and rounded top 18681425 216 Stone Steatite Patching rivet? 1 Possibly old vessel fragment
reused as a patching rivet. One hole drilled through, and some charring on both sides
1869-1870
2010 KS
1426 216 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Side sherd. Worked on two sides, one is charred.
1871-1872
2010 KS
1427 216 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim 1873-1874
2010 KS
1428 216 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Fragment with remnants of one worked surface
1875 2010 KS
1429 216 Stone Flint Fragment 1 Black flint fragment 1876-1880
2010 KS
1430 216 Bone Whale bone
Unknown 1 Polished flat on one side 1881-1883
2010 KS
1431 216 Wood Wood Worked Wood 3 Worked wood fragments of unknown function
1884-1885
2010 KS
1432 217 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Manuport 4 Unworked 1886-1887
2010 KS
1433 217 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Fragment of whetstone, polished on three sides
1888-1889
2010 KS
1434 217 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Whetstone fragment, polished on two surfaces
1890-1891
2010 KS
1435 217 Stone Quartz Manuport 4 Four quartz crystals, one with cortex present and one is milky in color
1892-1896
2010 KS
1436 217 Stone Quartz Flake 2 Two flakes of quartz 1897-1900
2010 KS
1437 217 Stone Flint Flake 1 Red flint flake 1901-1903
2010 KS
1438 217 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Ornamented on the outside, one repair hole visible. Flat, charred on the outside
1904-1905
2010 KS
1439 217 Stone Steatite Vessel 2 Rims 1906 2010 KS1440 217 Stone Steatite Vessel 2 Side shreds 1907-
19082010 KS
1441 217 Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Two rim fragments of flat objects
1909, 1914-1915
2010 KS
1442 217 Stone Steatite Unknown 2 Two steatite fragments, worked on at least one surface
1910-1911
2010 KS
1443 217 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Rim fragment of a flat object 1912-1913
2010 KS
1444 217 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Fragment of a very thick vessel, remnants of a repair hole and charred on one side
1916-1919
2010 KS
1445 217 Metal Iron Nail 1 Round head and shank 1920-1921
2010 KS
1446 217 Metal Iron Nail/rivet 1 Rectangular head of a nail or rivet
1922 2010 KS
1447 217 Metal Iron Slag 1 Large slag 1923- 2010 KS
124
19331448 217 Wool Wool Textile 4 Four fragments of textile, still
with soil from the original context
No photo taken
2010 KS
1449 217 Bone Whale bone
Unknown 2 Sawn and chiseled whale bone fragments, rectangular in shape. Possibly half products or waste from craft production
1934-1938
2010 KS
1450 217 Wood Wood Worked Wood 13 Various worked wood fragments
1939-1940
2010 KS
1451 217 Wood Wood Nail 1 Large wooden nail, fragment 1941-1943
2010 KS
1452 217 Wood Wood Nail 1 Three fragments of a large wooden nail
1944 2010 KS
1453 217 Wood Wood Nail 1 Fragment of a shank, with pointy end
1945-1946
2010 KS
1454 218 Wool Wool Textile 1 Small fragment of woven textile No photo taken
2010 KS
1455 218 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Large fragment of a whetstone 1947-1949
2010 KS
1456 218 Stone Igaliku sandsto
ne
Whetstone 1 Rectangular in shape, fragment worked on three faces
1950-1951
2010 KS
1457 218 Stone Schist Whetstone 1 Complete small whetstone with a loop hole. Rectangular in shape
1952-1962
2010 KS
1458 218 Stone Schist Whetstone 1 Large whetstone fragment 1963-1971
2010 KS
1459 218 Stone Steatite Patching rivet? 1 Broken in two. Possibly a rim of an old vessel reworked in to a patching rivet. The rim itself is decorated with two parallel lines. Two holes drilled. Charred on the outside
1972-1977
2010 KS
1460 218 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Side sherd reworked in to something else
1978-1982
2010 KS
1461 218 Stone Steatite Vessel 4 Side shreds. Two of them burnt on one side, the other two on both sides
1983-1986
2010 KS
1462 218 Stone Steatite Vessel 3 Side shreds. All unburnt 1987 2010 KS1463 218 Stone Steatite Unknown 3 Fragments worked on one
surface 1988 2010 KS
1464 218 Stone Steatite Patching rivet? 2 Two broken fragments, almost identical the way they broke. Perhaps reused vessel fragments, both charred on the same side
1989-1992
2010 KS
1465 218 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim of a small vessel 1993-1996
2010 KS
1466 218 Stone Steatite Unknown 1 Vessel fragment reworked in to something else. Charred and scratched on one side
1997-2000
2010 KS
125
1467 218 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim of a small vessel. Charred on the outside
2001-2002
2010 KS
1468 218 Stone Steatite Vessel 1 Rim, charred on the outside 2003-2005
2010 KS
1469 218 Stone Quartz Manuport 6 Four fragments and two flakes 2006-2009
2010 KS
1470 218 Metal Iron Pig iron? 1 Rectangular in section. Heavy. 2010-2012
2010 KS
1471 218 Metal Iron Slag 1 Large lump of slag 2013-2031
2010 KS
1472 218 Bone Antler Half product 1 Possible blank for comb production
2032-2034
2010 KS
1473 218 Bone Whale bone
Unknown 1 Possible half product or waste from craft production. Polished on one side.
2035-2036
2010 KS
1474 218 Bone Whale bone
Unknown 1 Possible half product or waste from craft production. Polished on one side.
2037-2039
2010 KS
1475 218 Bone Whale bone
Unknown 1 Possible half product or waste from craft production. Polished on two sides
2040-2041
2010 KS
1476 218 Bone Antler Pin 1 End of a shaft, most of the shank round in section, the end of the shank is rectangular with a pointy end
2042-2044
2010 KS
1477 218 Bone Antler Comb 1 End of a middle part of a composite comb
2045-2049
2010 KS
1478 218 Bone Antler Needle 1 Complete needle with decorated head
2050-2065
2010 KS
1479 218 Bone Antler? Needle 1 Possible needle for nalbinding 2066-2087
2010 KS
1480 218 Bone Bone Unknown 1 2088-2095
2010 KS
1481 218 Wood Wood Worked Wood 9 Various fragments of worked wood
1483 218 Wood Wood Pin? 1 Possible pin 2100 2010 KS1484 218 Wood Wood Bucket/barrel 1 Stave from the top of a bucket
or barrel 2101-2102
2010 KS
1485 218 Wood Wood Nail 2 Two heads 2103-2104
2010 KS
1486 185 Bone Walrus tooth
Gaming piece 1 Game piece made of walrus ivory or post canine, made on a lathe
2105-2124
2010 KS
1487 216 Bone Walrus tooth
Pin 1 Pin decorated with carving of a sheep head. Very likely made of walrus ivory or post canine
2125-2171
2010 KS
1488 Unstratified
Bone Bone/antler?
Pin/needle? 1 The pointy end of a bone or antler pin. It is exfoliated, therefore hard to diagnose material type
2172-2175
2010 KS
1489 068 Wood Wood Worked Wood 207 Bag full of worked wood fragments. 207 frags.
none 2009 KS
126
1490 Uncertain,
Check records
!!
Bone Antler Unworked, Raw material
1 A large fragment of reindeer antler, raw material fo craft work. Bagged with soil for slow drying, fragile
none 2009 KS
1491 12 Bone Walrus tooth
Small tool handle
1 Small tool handle. Iron residue inside. Possibly a carving tool. Decorated with Viking Age stepped pattern and walrus icon.
2176-2184-
2007 KS
127
References:
Andrew J. Dugmore, Thomas H. McGovern, Orri Vésteinsson,, Jette Arneborg,, Richard Streeterand Christian Keller (2012) Cultural adaptation, compounding vulnerabilities, and conjunctures in Norse Greenland. PNAS 2012 109 (10)3011-6 Church, M J, Duarte, L, Edwards, K J, Lawson, I T & Newton, A J 2010. The palaeoenvironment of Mývatnssveit: Vegetation. In Hofstaðir: Excavations of a Viking Age feasting hall in north-eastern Iceland. Lucas, G Reykjavik: Institute of Archaeology. 32-38.
Costanza, Robert, Lisa Graumlich, Will Steffen, Carole Crumley, John Dearing, Kathy Hibbard, Rik Leemans, Charles Redman, and David Schimel 2007 Sustainability or Collapse: What Can We Learn from Integrating the History of Humans and the Rest of Nature? Ambio 36 (7): 522-527. Constanza Robert, Lisa J. Graumlich, and Will Steffen (eds) 2007. Sustainability or Collapse? An Integrated History and Future of People on Earth, MIT Press Cambridge Mass Crumley, Carole (ed). 1994 Historical Ecology, School of American Research Santa Fe Edvardsson, Ragnar; Paulsen, Caroline; Church, Mike; Simpson, Ian; Adderly, Paul; Pálsdóttir, Albína & McGovern, Tom 2007: Archaeological Excavations at Qassiarsuk 2005-2006. Field Report (Data Structure Report). NV.nr.03-07 Bolungarvík
Enghoff I.B. (2003) Hunting, fishing and animal husbandry at the Farm Beneath the Sand, Western Greenland; an archaeozoological analysis of a Norse farm in the Western Settlement, Meddelelser om Gronland Man and Society 28, Copenhagen. Gad, Fin (1970 )History of Greenland volume 1, Copenhagen Gessner, C. (2004). Gesner's curious and fantastic beasts: CD-Rom & book. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications. McGovern, T.H. (1985) Contributions to the Paleoeconomy of Norse Greenland, Acta Archaeologica,Vol 54 : 73-122. McGovern T.H., Amorosi T., Perdikaris S. & Woollett J.W. 1996 Zooarchaeology of Sandnes V51: Economic Change at a Chieftain’s Farm in West Greenland, Arctic Anthropology 33(2)94-122. Møller, Niels Algreen & Koch Madsen, Christian 2007. Gård og Sæter, Hus og Fold - Vatnahverfi 2006. Rapport om besigtigelser og opmålinger i Vatnahverfi , sommeren 2006. SILA Feltrapport nr. 25: 39 pp., 2007. Møller, Niels Algreen (ed.), Lund Johansen, Louise, Koch Madsen, Christian, Felding, Louise, Baltzer Heide, Poul & Smiarowski, Konrad 2007. Udgravninger af norrøne kirkergårde og møddinger. Rapport om opmålinger og udgravninger i Vatnaverfi, Sommeren 2007. SILA Feltrapport nr. 26: 62 pp., 2007.
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Ogilvie Astrid E.J., James M. Woollett, Konrad Smiarowski, Jette Arneborg, Simon Troelstra, Antoon Kuijpers, Albina Pálsdóttir, and Thomas H. McGovern ( 2009) Seals and Sea Ice in Medieval Greenland. Journal of the North Atlantic, Volume 2 (2009): 60–80 Ogilvie Astrid & T.H. McGovern (2000) Sagas & Science: Climate and Human Impacts in the North Atlantic, in W.W. Fitzhugh (ed). Viking Voyagers, Smithsonian Inst Press pp 385-394. Smiarowski, Konrad 2007: Greenland 2007 Field Season Preliminary Report. NORSEC IPY Report. Smiarowski, Konrad. 2008: Midden Investigations in Vatnahverfi, Greenalnd. 2008 Field Season Preliminary Report. NORSEC IPY Report. Vickers, K, Erlendsson, E, Church, M J, Edwards, K J & Bending, J 2011. 1000 years of environmental change and human impact at Stóra-Mörk, southern Iceland: A multiproxy study of a dynamic and vulnerable landscape. The Holocene 21(6): 979-995. (View publication online)