E-WASTE POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

NAME – ADITYA RAMANROLL NO. – 03BIHDAVKG0903SCHOOL -S.L.D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL,KHAGARIAE-MAIL ID-

E- WASTEDEFINITION.TYPES OF E - WASTE.UTILIZATION OF E - WASTE.RULES FRAMED BY GOVERNMENT.E-WASTE MANAGEMENT.

[email protected]

DEFINITION-E-WASTE E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic

products coming to the end of their “useful life”. As per the Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2003, e-waste can be defined as “Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment including all components, sub assemblies and their fractions except batteries falling under these rules.

TYPES OF E - WASTESOffice Information And Communication Equipment

•Discarded Computers (CPU with Input and Output devices)Lightening Equipment•Fluorescent Tubes,Sodium Lamps , etc..Entertainment And Consumer Electronics•Mobile Phones , Telephones,VCR/DVD/CD Players,Hi-Fi Sets,Radios,etc..Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs)Large Household Appliances •Washing Machines,Dryers ,Air Conditioners ,Television Sets,RefrigeratorsSmall Household Appliances•Vacuum,Coffee Machines,Irons,Toasters,etc..ElectricAnd Electronic Tools•Drills,Electric Saws,Sewing Machines, Lawn Mowers etc..Toys,Leisure,Sports And Recreation Equipment•Electric Train Sets, Coin Slot Machines,Treadmills etc..

Cadmium can be found in SMD (surface mount device) chip resistors, infrared detectors and semiconductors. Like lead, cadmium is particularly toxic to humans because it accumulates in the human body and poses an environmental danger due to both acute and chronic toxicity . Renal damage is the most common effect of cadmium toxicity. Cadmium that enters the system through the gastrointestinal tract resides in human kidneys with a half-life of 10-20 years.

•CADMIUMTOXIC SUBSTANCES PRESENT IN E - WASTE

Lead can be found in circuit boards and monitor cathode ray tubes (CRTs). Lead is particularly dangerous to the environment because of its ability to accumulate and persist in plants, animals, and microorganisms. The bioaccumulation of lead in the human body is particularly harmful because its primary target is the central nervous system. Lead can cause permanent damage to the brain and nervous system, causing retardation and behavioral changes. Infants and young children are particularly susceptible because of the impairment of cognitive and behavioral development it can cause.

•LEAD

•PlasticsThe most abundant component of e-waste is plastics. Plastics comprise almost twenty-three percent of a typical desktop computer (Microelectronics 1995). They are used for insulation, cables and housing for all electronic devices; the variety of products available for recovery complicates the de-manufacturing process. Due to the complex recovery process, large amounts of plastic e-waste are disposed of through landfills, incinerators and open burning, allowing toxic substances to leach into the environment.

•MercuryMercury is the most

prevalent toxic metal found in e-waste. It is in circuit boards, switches, medical equipment, lamps, mobile phones, and batteries. Mercury transforms into methylmercury in water, where it can accumulate in living organisms, typically via fish, concentrating in large fish and humans at the top of the food chain. Mercury is readily absorbed by the human body, ultimately inhibiting enzymatic activity and leading to cell damage.

IMPACTS OF E - WASTEElectronic wastes can cause

widespread environmental damage due to the use of toxic materialsToxic Materials releases highly toxic dioxins and furans when burned Land filling of e wastes can lead to the leaching of lead into the ground water.If the CRT is crushed and burned, it emits toxic fumes into the airThe cadmium from one mobile phone battery is enough to pollute 600 m3 of water.

EFFECTS ON SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENTLarge amounts of imported e-

waste material and process residues never get recycled and are simply dumped in open fields; along riverbanks, ponds, and wetlands; in rivers; and in irrigation ditches.This indiscriminate dumping has exacerbated contamination of drinking water sources and sediments. Water samples from the Liangjiang River outside of Guiyu, China show cadmium and lead levels to be well above World Health Guidelines and EPA Drinking Water Standards

UTILIZATION OF E-WASTE MAKING OUR ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION FREE

It is a controlled and complete combustion process, in which the waste material is burned in specially designed incinerators at a high temperature (900-1000oC). Advantage of incineration of e-waste is the reduction of waste volume and the Utilization of the energy content of combustible materials. Some plants remove iron from the slag for recycling. By incineration some environmentally hazardous organic substances are converted into less hazardous compounds. Disadvantage of incineration are the emission to air of substances escaping flue gas cleaning and the large amount of residues from gas cleaning and combustion. e-waste incineration plants contribute significantly to the annual emissions of cadmium and mercury. In addition, heavy metals not emitted into the atmosphere are transferred to slag and exhaust gas residues and can reenter the environment on disposal. Therefore, e-waste incineration will increase these emissions, if no reduction measures like removal of heavy metals are taken.

INCINERETION

Recycling involves dismantling i.e. removal of different parts of e-waste containing dangerous substances like PCB, Hg, separation of plastic, removal of CRT, segregation of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and printed circuit boards. Recyclers use strong acids to remove precious metals such as copper, lead, gold. The value of recycling from the element could be much higher if appropriate technologies is used. The recyclers working in poorly–ventilated enclosed areas without mask and technical expertise results in exposure to dangerous and slow poisoning chemicals. The existing dumping grounds in India are full and overflowing beyond capacity and it is difficult to get new dumping sites due to scarcity of land. Therefore recycling is the best possible option for the management of e-waste.

RECYCLING OF E-WASTE

RE-USE

It constitutes direct second hand use or use after slight modifications to the original functioning equipment. It is commonly used for electronic equipments like computers, cell phones etc. Inkjet cartridge is also used after refilling. This method also reduces the volume of e-waste generation. We can use above mentioned methods for treatment and disposal of e-waste. The better option is to avoid its generation. To achieve this, buy back of old electronic equipments shall be made mandatory. Large companies should purchase the used equipments back from the customers and ensure proper treatment and disposal of e-waste by authorized processes. This can considerably reduce the volume of e- waste generation.

LANDFILLING In landfilling, trenches are made on the flat surfaces. Soil is excavated from the trenches and waste material is buried in it, which is covered by a thick layer of soil. Modern techniques like secure landfill are provided with some facilities like, impervious liner made up of plastic or clay, leachate collection basin that collects and transfer the leachate to wastewater treatment plant. The degradation processes in landfills are very complicated and run over a wide time span. The environmental risks from landfilling of e-waste cannot be neglected because the conditions in a landfill site are different from a native soil, particularly concerning the leaching behavior of metals. Mercury, cadmium and lead are the most toxic leachates. Lead has been found to leach from broken lead-containing glass, such as the cone glass of cathode ray tubes from TVs and monitors. Cadmium also leaches into soil and ground water. In addition, it is known that cadmium and mercury are emitted in diffuse form or via the landfill gas combustion plant. Landfills are also prone to uncontrolled fires, which can release toxic fumes. Therefore, landfilling does not appear to be an environmentally sound treatment method for substances, which are volatile and not biologically degradable (Cd, Hg,), persistent (Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls) or with unknown behaviour in a landfill site (brominated flame retardants).

Participating Countries Governing Body Initiative Date Adopted Reference

167 countries of the UN (excluding Afghanistan, Haiti, and the US)

United Nations Environment Programme

Basel Convention: No transboundary movement of hazardous waste

1989 (UNEP, 1989)

The European Union

European Parliament

WEEE Directive: Reuse/recycle electronic parts; manufacturers internalize take back/recycling costs

2003 (European Parliament, 2003)

JapanMinistry of the Environment,

Government of Japan

Home Appliance Recycling Law: Home appliance manufacturers must take back and recycle end-use products

2001 (EPA, 2004)

Intended for OECD countries

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

(OECD)

Environmentally Sound Management of Waste: Reclaim e-waste

2003 (OECD, 2003)

Programs combating E-waste

•There are two small e-waste dismantling facilities functioning in Chennai and Bangalore.

•Five e-waste recyclers around Chennai have been recognized by the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board — Thrishyiraya Recycling India Pvt Ltd, INAA Enterprises, AER World Wide (India) private Ltd, TESAMM Recyclers India Pvt Ltd and Ultrust Solution (I) Pvt Ltd.

• In Mumbai, Eco Reco Company that has been authorized by Maharashtra Pollution Control Board is involved in the management of e-waste. It collects e-waste across India and recycles it in an environment friendly manner. TCS, SBI, Castrol, M & M, Oberoi Groups of Hotels, Gati, Alfa Laval, Pfizer, HDFC, Aventis Pharma, GPEC, Tata Ficosa are recycling their e-waste with the help of Eco Reco.

• SIMS Recycling Ltd. a multinational company has submitted a proposal to Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) to solve the problem of e- waste in Pune city. It will collect and treat the e-waste in their recycling plant outside India.

WORKS OF GOVERNMENT

THANK YOUI HAVE STARTED UTILIZING E-WASTEYOU SHOULD ALSO COME FORWARD

FOR THIS ECO FRIENDLY WORK………