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ENGLISHGUETA–NOTES–DR.BHARTIDAVE

UGBA/BScSem.–V GeneralEnglish2019-20 Text–India:AJourneythroughStories

1. ProfitandLoss

RabindranathTagore

I. Answerthefollowingquestionsinbrief:

1. WhywasNirupama’snameunusual?Ans:NamesinNirupama’sfamilywereusuallynamedaftergodsandgoddesses.ThusNirupama’snamewasunusualasitwasnotaftersomegodorgoddesses’name.

2. Howwastheimpasseattheweddingresolved?Ans:Nirupama’swouldbein-lawshaddemandedadowryof₹10000andhadpressurisedherparentstogiveitbeforemarriage.Nirupama’sfathersomehowfailedtocollecttheamountbeforemarriage.Thegroom’sfamilydeclaredthatthegroomwouldnotbebroughtforweddingtillthefullamountisgiventothem.But,thisimpassewasresolvedasthegroomrebelledandtoldhisparentsthathewouldanyhowmarrythegirlandhehadnothingtodowithmoney.

3. HowwasNirupamatreatedatherin-law’shouse?Ans:Nirupamawastreatedspitefullyatherin-law’shouse.Insultswereheapedonherandherfamily.Hermother-in-law’sassaultswereespeciallyvicious.Evenherfoodandclothingwereneglected.Everyonetreatedherasifshehadnorightsinthehouseholdandhadentereditbydeceit.Shespentherdayscrying.

4. WhatdidRamsundardotoraisethemoneyforthedowry?Ans:Ramsundarhadusedeverypossiblewaybypawningorsellingthingstoraisetheamountfordowryevenbeforehisdaughter’smarriage,buthadfailed.Evenaftermarriagewhenhissonsobjectedtosell theirhouse,hestartedraisingmoneybytakingsmallloansfromvariousquartersathighinterest.

5. WhydidNirupamaaskherfathernottogiveanymoremoneytoherin-laws?Ans:Nirupamagottoknowthatherfatherhadsoldhishousetoraisemoneyforherandthishadupsetherbrothers.Shewasmovedbythepitiablesituationofherfather.Thusshetoldherfathernottogiveanymoremoneytoherin-laws.Sheeventoldhimthatshewasnotamoney-bagandthusmoneywouldnotincreasehervalue.

6. WhatwasthecauseofNirupama’sdeath?Ans:Nirupama’shouseholdwasabedofnailsforher.Herhusbandwaspostedinsomeothercity.Asherfatherhadnotpaidthesaiddowryshewasnotallowedtomeetherparents.Shewastreatedlikeaservant.Sheherselfhadalsostartedneglectingherhealth.Shewasmadetostarveforfoodbyherin-laws.Thusgraduallyshediedofhunger.

7. WhatistheironyinNirupama’slavishcremationbyherin-laws?Ans:Nirupama’sin-lawsstarvedhertodeath.Theymadeherlifeahellforadowryof₹10000,whichremainedunpaidby her father. But, when she died, the funeral rites were performed with appropriate pomp suitable to theRaybahadurs.Theypreparedahugesandalwoodpyreforhercremationwhichwasneverseenbeforeandbecamefamousfor it.Theydidnotevencareto informNirupama’shusbandaboutherdeathandarrangedforhissecondmarriagewithadowryof₹20000.

II. Writeshortnotes:1. Nirupama

Nirupama’sstory,althoughwrittenin1890s,stillhasitsrelevance.WestillfindseveralNirupamasinsocietyharassedorevenbrutallykilledfordowryalmosteveryday.

Nirupama’swouldbein-lawshaddemandedadowryof₹10000andhadpressurisedherparentstogiveitbeforemarriage.Herfathersomehowfailedtocollecttheamountbeforemarriage.Thegroom’sfamilydeclaredthatthegroomwouldnotbebroughtforweddingtillthefullamountisgiventothem.But,thisimpassewasresolvedasthegroomrebelledandtoldhisparentsthathewouldanyhowmarrythegirlandhehadnothingtodowithmoney.




Nirupamawastreatedspitefullyatherin-law’shouse.Insultswereheapedonherandherfamily.Hermother-in-law’sassaultswereespeciallyvicious.Evenherfoodandclothingwereneglected.Everyonetreatedheras ifshehadnorightsinthehouseholdandhadentereditbydeceit.Shespentherdayscrying.

Nirupama’sfather,Ramsundarhadusedeverypossiblewaybypawningorsellingthingstoraisetheamountfordowryevenbeforehisdaughter’smarriage,buthadfailed.Evenaftermarriagewhenhissonsobjectedtoselltheirhouse,hestartedraisingmoneybytakingsmallloansfromvariousquartersathighinterest.Nirupamagottoknowthatherfatherhadsoldhishousetoraisemoneyforherandthishadupsetherbrothers.Shewasmovedbythepitiablesituationofherfather.Thusshetoldherfathernottogiveanymoremoneytoherin-laws.Sheeventoldhimthatshewasnotamoney-bagandthusmoneywouldnotincreasehervalue.

Nirupama’sin-lawsstarvedhertodeath.Theymadeherlifeahellforadowryof₹10000,whichremainedunpaidbyherfather.But,whenshedied,thefuneralriteswereperformedwithappropriatepompsuitabletotheRaybahadurs.Theypreparedahugesandalwoodpyreforhercremationwhichwasneverseenbeforeandbecamefamousfor it.Theydidnotevencareto informNirupama’shusbandaboutherdeathandarrangedforhissecondmarriagewithadowryof₹20000.

2. Significanceofthetitle-ProfitandLoss

The themeofprofitand loss resonates throughout thenarrative.Eachandevery incident in thestory results intosomeone’sprofitandothers’loss.Nirupama’sfathertriestobarterhisdaughter’shappiness,bysellingoffhishouse,thus making his sons homeless. However, this supposedly profitable trade backfires, and he loses his sons anddaughter.Hissonsfeelthattheyweredeprivedoftheirrightandthedaughterfeelssadforherfather.Ontheotherhand,Raibahadur’sonlyaiminlifeseemstobemakingaprofitoutofhisson’smarriagebymeansofaheftydowry.However,asthegroomrefusestobowdowntohispressuretactics,helosessocialstandingandhonor,beinghumiliatedbyhisson’sstubbornmorality.Later,hespendsalotonNirupama’sfuneralrites,evenincurringaloanforthesame.However,itisreallydoubtfulwhetherhewouldbeabletoconvincehissontoremarryandsacrificeanotherlambonthealtar.EvenNirupama,whowasherfather’sdarling,dreamsofgaininganidealhusband,butendsuplosingherfatherandbrothersaswell,beforedyingapainfuldeath.Inshort,everyinstanceresonatestheconversionofprofitintoloss,bytheheedlessactionsofthecharacters,thusprovingtheaptnessoftitleagainandagain.And,quitefittinglythestorycontinuesthroughcenturies,asoursocietycontinuestostriveforinanimatewealth,whileblindlysacrificingthehonorandhappinessofabride.

III. Completethestatementsbychoosingthecorrectoptionfromthosegivenunderthem:1. Nirupamawasthe_________childofherparents.

a) seventhb) firstc) fifthd) sixth

2. Ontheweddingday,thegroom___________.a) ranawayb) askedforthedowryc) rebelledagainsthisparentsd) died

3. Ramsundar_____________.a) waswelcomeathisson-in-laws’houseb) wasdrivenawayfromhisson-in-law’shousec) livedathisson-in-lawshoused) hadnohonourathisson-in-laws’house




4. Tosavehisdaughterfromcontemptandshame,Ramsundardecidedto___________.a) sellhishouseb) bringherbackc) sellthejewelleryd) forgether

5. Nirupama____________.a) washappyatherin-laws’houseb) wishedtoreturnfromherin-laws’housec) blamedherfatherforherfated) wasallsettoteachherin-lawsalesson

6. Nirupama’sfathercametofetchherfromherin-laws’houseforthesecondtimeontheoccasionof__________.a) pujacelebrationsb) herbirthdaycelebrationsc) herweddinganniversaryd) hermother’sdeath

7. Nirupama’shusband_______.a) askedformoredowrythanhisfatherb) loweredtheamountofdowryc) didnotutterasinglewordwithregardtothedowryd) didnotwishtotakeanydowry

8. Nirupama’shusbandhadgonetosomeothercitytobe_________.a) DeputyRegistrarb) DeputyOfficerc) DeputyMagistrated) DeputyCommissioner

9. TheRaybahadurdemanded_______rupeesasadowryforhisson’ssecondmarriage.a) 15000b) 20000c) 25000d) 30000




2. TheMiracleofPurunBhagatRudyardKipling

I. Answerthefollowingquestionsinbrief1. WhatdidPurunDass-thePrimeMinister,doforthebettermentofhisstate?

Ans:PurunDass-thePrimeMinisterestablishedschoolsforlittlegirls,maderoadsandstartedStatedispensariesandshowsofagriculturalimplements,andpublishedayearlyblue-bookonthe“MoralandMaterialProgressoftheState”.Inhissparetimehewouldendowscholarshipsforthestudyofthemedicineandmanufactures.Thushetriedtodohisbestforthebettermentofhisstate.

2. WhatdidSirPurunDass,K.C.I.Edojustafteramonthofreceivinghisknighthood?WhatwashesearchingforthatmadehimrenouncehislifeasaPrimeMinister?Ans:Justafteramonthofreceivingknighthood,SirPurunDass,K.C.I.EdidwhatnoEnglishmanwouldhavedreamtofdoing.Herenouncedtheworldlyaffairsandresignedposition,palaceandpower,tookupthebegging-bowlandochre-coloureddressofasannyasi.Hehadusedhiswealthandpowerforthebettermentofthesociety.Hehadseenmenandcitiesfarandnear.Nowhefeltlikeletthingsgoandhewasinsearchofpeaceofmindandameaningoflife.

3. Afterbecomingasannyasi,whatwerethethingsthatPurunBhagatcarriedwithhim?Ans:PurunDasscarriednothingbutanantelopeskinandbrass-handledcrutchunderhisarmandabeggingbowlofpolishedbrowncoco-de-merinhishand.Hewentbarefoot,alone,witheyescastontheground.

4. WhatdidPurunBhagatdoafterreachingthedesertedshrine?Ans:PurunBhagatinhissearchforpeaceandanurgetogetknowledgehadheadedtowardsHimalayas.AfterhecrossedtheMutteeaneePass,onhiswayhereachedadesertedshrineofKali-thegoddess.Hesweptthestonefloorclean,smiledatthegrinningstatueandmadehimselfalittlemudfireplaceatthebackoftheshrine.Hespreadhisantelopeskinonabedoffreshpine-needles,tuckedhisbairagi-hisbrass-handledcrutch-underhisarmpitandsatdowntorest.

5. HowdidthevillagerstreatPurunBhagat?Whatdidthevillagerscallhim?Ans:PurunBhagatwaswarmlywelcomedbythevillagers.AftermeetingPurunBhagatthevillagepriestinformedthevillagersthataholymanhadarrivedneartheirvillage.ThehousewivesofthevillagedidtheirbesttocookthemostsavourymealfortheBhagat.ThevillagepriesttookafullbowlofmealforBhagat.HeevenaskedBhagat,ifheneedsachelatobegforhim.Thevillagersevenshowedtheirconcernbyaskinghimthatifheneededablanketorwhetherthefoodservedwasgood.

6. WhatdidPurunBhagatdoafterrealizingthatthehillonwhichthevillagersresidedwasgoingtobewashedaway?Ans:ThefriendsofPurunBhagatatthedesertedshrine-langurs,barasinghas,amuskdeerandabearwarnedhimofthewashingawayofthemountain,onwhichthevillagersresided,duetoheavyrains.Heimmediatelyrushedtowardsthevillageguidedandhelpedbyhisfriendsintheforest.Hebangedthedoorsandwindowswithhiscrutchandwarnedthevillagersofthefallingofthehill.Heaskedthemtovacatethevillageimmediatelyandcomedownthehill.

7. WhatdidthevillagersdoafterthedeathofPurunBhagat?Ans:PurunBhagatwaslookeduponasaGodbythevillagerswhoresidedonthehillwhereBhagatstayedonadesertedshrine.Hehadsavedthelivesofthevillagersbywarningthemandtakingthemawayfromtheplacebeforethehillgotwashedawaybyheavyrains.Inthisprocesshelosthislife.Afterhisdeaththevillagersbuiltatempleofthisholyman.Alittlestoneandanearthshrine;andtheycalleditBhagat’sHill.Theyworshippedtherewithlightsandflowersandofferings.

II. Writeshortnoteson1. Apen-portraitofPurunBhagat.2. Thetitle‘TheMiracleofPurunBhagat’

ThetileTheMiracleofPurunBhagatisaptandsuggestiveofthestoryasthestoryisamiraculousjourneyofSir PurunDass to PurunBhagat. A compassionate narration of the passageof PurunDass froma powerful Prime




Minister(Diwan)ofthenativestateofMohiniwalatoaholymanwhospendsthelastmanyyearsofhislifeinthefoldsoftheHimalayas.

AhighcasteBrahmin,PurunDasswaseducatedattheBombayUniversity.Hispostofferedhimluxuriesbuthelivedasimplelife.Anenlightenedadministrator,hehadagenuineconcernforthemoralandmaterialdevelopmentofhispeople.HeunderstoodthebenefitsoftheEnglishsystemofadministration.Hedideverypossiblethingforthebenefitofsocietyandpeoplearoundhim.Whenhereturnedhome,theViceroymadehimaKnightCommanderoftheOrderoftheIndianEmpireandhisofficialnamebecame-SirPurunDass,K.C.I.E.

But only amonth after the day he received such high honours, Sir Purun Dass did something which noEnglishman would dream of doing. He returned the honours, resigned his position and renounced all materialpossessions.Hebecameasannyasiandleftbarefootwithabeggingbowlonalongjourneytosearchforthemeaningoflife.SirPurunDass,inhisnewavatar,becamePurunBhagat.Thissuddendecisionwasamiracleforthosewhoknewhim.

Purun Bhagat found a deserted shrine amidst a forest of deodars and settled there. The closest humanhabitationtohisshrinewas1500feetbelowinasmallvillageinthevalley.ThevillagersfelthonouredandservedtheBhagat by offering him good food. The animals around like langurs,barasinghas,musk-deerand a bearwere hiscompanions.Theloveofanimalsforhim

Yearspassed.Thechildrenwhousedtobringfoodfortheholymannowsenttheirownchildrenwithfood.Onesummernightcamesuchheavyrainsasthehillshadnotknownformanyseasons. Inthedarkofthenight,alangurpulledtheBhagat’shandhardandthebarasinghaenteredhisshrine.Butittooktheholymansometimetounderstandwhattheseanimalsweretryingtoconvey.Henowrealizedthatapartoftheshrinewasbeingwashedawayinthelandslidecausedbythedownpour.

Theoldadministratorcametotheforeinplaceoftheholyman.Holdingatorchinhislefthandandclutchingthewithersofthebarasinghawithhisright,theBhagathurrieddowntheslopeandwarnedthevillagersandsavedtheirlives.TheBhagatorderedaheadcountofthevillagersaftertheyhadreachedthere.Forthenextfiveminutesonlytheroarofthelandslidecouldbeheard.Thehillsideonwhichtheyhadtakenshelterwasrockedtotheblowoffallingmassesofrock.

TheBhagat,whohadgrownveryoldbynow,diedofthestrainandthechilloftherain.Thevillagersbuiltatempleintheholyman’smemoryandnamedthehillafterhim-theBhagat’sHill.Theyworshippedinthetemplewithflowersandofferings.However,theyneverknewthattheBhagathadoncebeenSirPurunDass–thePrimeMinisteroftheMohiniwalaState.

III. Completethestatementsbychoosingthecorrectoptionfromthosegivenunderthem:1. PurunDass’sfatherwas____________.

a) animportantofficialintheEnglishGovernmentb) animportantofficialinRailwaysc) animportantofficialinaHinduCourtd) animportantofficialintheIncomeTaxDepartment

2. DuringhisvisittoLondon,PurunDasstalkedabout_________totheEnglishladies.a) Hindusocialreformsb) womenempowermentc) theeducationsysteminIndiad) theindependencestruggle

3. PurunDassgaveupworldlyaffairsinsearchof_______.a) wisdomb) knowledgec) theeternalpowerd) peace,quietandalawofhisown

4. AfterreachingthedesertedshrineofgoddessKali,PurunBhagat______.a) cleanedtheplaceandwalkedawayb) cleanedtheplaceandsatdowntorestc) worshippedthegoddessandwalkedawayd) sawtowardsitanddidnotevencaretostop




5. Thevillage_______________cametowelcomethestrangeronthedesertedshrine.a) sarpanchb) schoolmasterc) doctord) priest

6. ThewomenwhoservedmealtoPurunBhagatmurmuredinhisear,‘____________’.a) Speakformyhusbandbeforethegods,Bhagat…b) SpeakformychildrenbeforethegodsBhagat…c) SpeakforallthevillagersbeforethegodsBhagat…d) SpeakformebeforethegodsBhagat…

7. The____________werethefirsttocometomeettheintruder,PurunBhagat,intheirwilderness.a) langursb) royalc) d) stagse) rabbitsf) Himalayanblackbear

8. PururnBhagat’sreputationwasthatofa__________amongstthevillagers.a) cheaterb) foolc) miracle-makerd) wildman

9. Thehill,onwhichtheshrinewasbuiltinremembranceofPurunBhagat,afterhisdeath,wasknownas_____.a) Purun’sHillb) Bhagat’sHillc) MiracleHilld) HolyHill




3. TheMagicCureR.K.Narayan

I. Answerthefollowingquestionsinbrief1) WhatdidKannanhearwhilereturninghomefromthecoconutgarden?

Ans:Whilereturningfromthecoconutgarden,asKannancametotheendofthenarrowtrackthroughthefields,heheardlowmoansinThayi’scottage.

2) WhatwasThayi’sproblem?Ans:HearingthemoaningsoundfromthecottageofThayi,Kannanpushedthedooropenandpeepedinside.WhenheaskedThayithatwhatwasthematter,afterapreludeofmoansshesaidthatshehadaseverestomachache.

3) WhydidThayirefusetogotoaphysician?Ans:ThayiwassuggestedbyKannantovisitaphysicianforherstomachache.But,Thayibluntlyrefusedsayingthatalldoctorswereswindlers.Shebelievedthattheygavecolouredwatertoeveryoneandtookawayalltheirmoney.KannansuggestedthatsheshouldvisitGovernmentdoctors,whohavereadEnglish.ButThayirefusedsayingthatshewouldnotgotothosedoctorshavingneedles,knivesandbitterpillseveniftheypaidher.

4) DescribetheswindlerwhoarrivedtofreeThayifromthedevil.Ans:KannantookthebenefitofThayi’sreluctancetogoadoctorforherstomachache.Hehadawickedthoughtinhismind.Hetoldherthatdevilhasenteredherstomachandheknewamanwhocouldexorcisetheworstdevil.Afewdayslaterhesentaswindlertoherhouse.Hisfacewasash-smearedandeyesflaming.Hehadthreerowsofarosaryaroundhisneck.

5) WhocametomeetKannaninthecoconutgarden?WhatwasKannandoing?Ans:AfortnightafterstealingThayi’sjewels,withthehelpoftheswindlerindisguiseofaholyman,Kannanwasgoingaroundthecoconutgardenmarkingthetreeswhichwereaffectedbypests.Justashewasthinkingofunwindinghisturbansleepforawhileunderthetree,hesawBheema,thevillageconstable,comingtowardshim.

6) WhatdoesKannanconfessinfrontoftheinspector?Ans:Kannan,afterbeingthrashedbytheinspectorforaroundtwentyminutes,confessedhiscrime.HetoldthathehadconnedThayiofherjewelswiththehelpofhisbrother-in-lawandhadsoldthemtoapawnbroker.Althoughtheywereworththirty-sixrupees,theshopkeeperhadgiventhemjusteighteen.

7) WhatdidThayidoaftergettingbackherjewels?Ans:ThayigotbackherjewelswiththehelpoftheInspector.ThateveningThayiwenttothetempleofHanuman,Shebrokeacoconut,lightedapieceofcamphorbeforetheGod,andthankedGodbywhisperedferventlythatitwasgoodthatHegaveherthestomachacheagainsothatshecouldrealisethatshewasconned.

II. Writeshortnoteson1) Thayi

Thayiwasanoldwoman.Shelivedaloneinthevillage.Hersonwasawayinthetown.OnedayThayihadanunbearablepain in thestomach.Kannan, thecoconut farmer, toldher tosee thedoctor.Butshewasscepticalofdoctorsandafraidofpillsandneedles.ThenKannantoldThayithatshewaspossessedbythedevil.Hewarnedherthatthedevilwouldmoveupwardfromthestomachandbreakherskullbeforegettingoutofthebody.KannanthentoldThayithatheknewaholymanwhocouldcureherofthedevil.A fewdays later theholymanappeared.Thayihadgoteverynecessary item for theexorcismrites.Amidstrangeincantations,theholymanstruckThayionthebackwithacanethreetimes.Thus,hemadeThayifeelthatthedevilinsideherhasagreedtoleaveherbody.HeinquiredaboutThayi’sjewels.Shetookthemoutfromagrainpot.Shehadhiddenthejewelsforafuturedaughter-in-law.




Theholymanputallthejewelsinamud-pot.ThecanestruckThayiforthefinaltime.Theholymansealedthepotwithapieceofcloth.HetoldThayithatthedevilwasnowconfinedinsidethepotandthathe(thedevil)woulddiethere.TheholymanwarnedThayinottoopenthepotforthreemonths.Thedevilwouldkillher,hesaid,ifshedid.Thayibelievedhim;butassoonasthestomachacherevisitedher,sherealisedthatshehasbeenmadeafool.Sheopenedthepotandfoundthatherjewelswerestolenbytheswindlerindisguiseoftheholyman.Shecomplainedtothepolice.Kannanandhisbrother-in-lawwerecaughtwiththejewelsandthusThayigotherjewelsback.

2) KannanKannanwasamanwholivedinthesamevillageasthatofThayi.Once,whilereturninghomefromthecoconut

garden,heheardlowmoansinThayi’scottage.WhenhepeepedinsidehefoundThayilyingonthefloorwrithinginpain.Hetoldhertoseethedoctor.Butshewasscepticalofdoctorsandafraidofpillsandneedles.JustthenawickedideaofcheatingThayienteredhismind.HetoldThayithatshewaspossessedbythedevil.Hewarnedherthatthedevilwouldmoveupwardfromthestomachandbreakherskullbeforegettingoutofthebody.KannanthentoldThayithatheknewaholymanwhocouldcureherofthedevil.

KannanassuredThayiofsendingthatholymantohersoon.Hemadeaplanalongwithhisbrother-in-lawanddisguisedhisbrother-in-lawas the saidholyman.Theconmandisguisedas theholymanwent toThayi’shouse,createdadramaofdrivingawaythedevil,stoleherjewels.LaterKannanandhisbrother-in-lawsoldthosejewelsandsharedthemoney.

But,unfortunatelyThayirosetothefactsoonthatshewascheated.Shewenttothepoliceforhelp.Kannanwas thuscaughtunaware.Thepolice recovered jewels fromhimandhisbrother-in-lawandhandedthemback toThayi.

III. Completethestatementsbychoosingthecorrectoptionfromthosegivenunderthem:

1) KannansuggestedThayitogotoa______.a) gynaecologistb) oncologistc) physiciand) paediatrician

2) Thayiconsideredthedoctorstobe__________.a) burglarsb) gossip-mongersc) liarsd) swindlers

3) Kannannarratedthefrighteningstoryofhis______toThayi.a) uncleb) niecec) wifed) child

4) TheholymanwhoarrivedatThayi’shousehad_________.a) anash-smearedfaceandflamingeyesb) apaleyellowfaceanddulleyesc) arudefaceandbrighteyesd) asimplefaceandflamingeyes

5) Theholymancommanded,Thayitoputher______________inthepota) headb) clothesc) jewelsd) bangles




6) TheholymanadvisedThayitokeepthepotclosedfor_______.a) fivemonthsb) twomonthsc) fourmonthsd) threemonths

7) AfortnightafterThayi’streatmentbytheholyman,Kannanwenttothecoconutgardentomarkthetrees__________.

a) withfruitsb) affectedbypestsc) withnoleavesd) withnofruits

8) TheconstabletoldKannanthattheInspectorhadcalledhimto______________.a) driveoutadevilfromhiswife’sbodyb) helphimsolveacasec) plantthecoconutseedlingsd) answerafewqueries




4. BachchaLieutenantManoharMalgonkar

I. Answerthefollowingquestionsinbrief1) WhatwasthemissiononwhichJamadarTukaramShindeyandahavaldarweresentbythenewlyappointed

BachchaLieutenant?Ans:TheJapanesearmyinvadedBurmaduringSecondWorldWar.IndiansoldiersservingintheBritishIndianArmytookpartinthesecampaigns.Oneevening,Lt.Wilson-theBachchaLieutenant,sentJamadarShindeyandHavaldarRangaonapatrolduty.TheirmissionwastofindoutthenearestJapanesePost.

2) WhydidTukaramorderthehavaldartogobacktothecamp?Whydidhedecidetocontinuetostayonthemission?Ans:JamadarTukaramandHavaldarRangawereonapatroldutytofindoutthenearestJapanesepost.AmilefromthecampShindeydecidedtogoaloneandheaskedRangatowaitforhimatthatspot.HalfamileupTukaramfoundtheJapanesepost,buthecouldnotmakeouttheenemysoldiersinthesquadortheirweapons.Sohedecidedtostayonthemissiontillmorningandgetperfectdetailsaboutthenumberofsoldiersandweaponswiththeenemies.HeaskedHavaldarRangatogobacktothecampandreportLt.WilsonthatTukaramwouldcomenextdaywiththedetailedinformation.

3) WhyweretheJapanesediggingtrenchesinthemiddleofthecarttrack?Ans:TheJapanesesoldierswerediggingtrenchesrightinthemiddleofthecarttracktoputdownAPminesandlayboobytrapwiresfortheenemiesallalongthetrack.

4) DescribetheruthlesskillingofthedogbyaJapanesesoldier.Ans:TheJapanesesoldiershadlaidatrapfortheirenemies.Theywereduginaboutthirtyyardsuptheslopeofthehilltothenorthofthetrackandtheywerearmedwithrifles,twoLMGsandaJapanesetypemortar.Therewasalsoadogwiththemlyingquietlyinthesuntieduptoastakeburiedinthemiddleofthetrack.Butsuddenlythedogbegantoyelp.ThiswasdangerousfortheJapaneseasitwouldgiveahinttotheirenemiesoftheirpresence.ThusaJapanesesoldiercruellyattackedthedogwithaheavyspade,Hemissedtwice,butthethirdhitwasonthedog’sskull.Thedogfelllimplyonthegroundandlaysilentlytwitchingforsomesecondsandthendied.

5) WhatdidLt.WilsondowhenJamadarTukaramandthehavaldarwhoaccompaniedhim,didnotreturn?Ans:AlthoughHavaldarRangawassentbacktothecampbyShindey,hecouldnotreachandwaskilledbyaJapanesesniper.ThuswhenbothJamadarTukaramShindeyandHavaldarRangadidnotreturn,Lt.WilsondecidedtogoonpatrolhimselftofindthenearestJapanesepost.HewastotallyignorantofShindey’sfindingsabouttheenemytrap.

6) WhatdidTukaramdotosavetheBachchaLieutenantfromgettingtrappedintheJapanesetrap?Ans:TukaramshoutedatthetopofhisvoicetowarnBachchaLieutenantabouttheJapanesetrap;therebyalertingtheJapanesesoldiersabouthispresence.Hethenchargedatthetrenchesoftheenemy,firinghisstengunandyellinghoarselyatthesametime.Tukaramsingle-handedlyattackedtheenemies.HeagainandagainaskedLt.Wilsontogobackandsavehislife.

7) DescribethebraveactoftheBachchaLieutenantafterseeingJamadarTukarambeinghitbythebullets.Ans:BachchaLieutenantandhistowguidessawJamadarTukaram’sbraveactofsingle-handedlyattackingtheJapanesesoldiers.TheysawhimfacingtheenemybulletsandstillaskingtheBachchaLieutenanttogobackandsavehislife.ButtheLieutenantdidnotagreetoleaveJamadarTukaramtherealone.Heutteredanunaccustomedoathandranmadlyintothedustrisingfromthebulletswhichkickedtheroadneartheanthill.HepickeduptheJamadarandslunghimacrosshisshoulderandranandstumbledandfellagain,butcontinuedtorun.TheJapanesesoldiers




targetedbulletsevenathim.ThusbothJamadarTukaramandBachchaLieutenantwereshotdeadbytheJapanesesoldiers.ThiswasBachchaLieutenant’sfirstandalsohislastactioninwar.

II. Writeshortnoteson1) JamadarTukaramShindey

The Japanese army invaded Burma (nowMyanmar) in 1942 duringWorldWar II to drive out the Britishgovernmentwhichhadbeensetupthere.In1943,theAlliedpowerstriedtoreasserttheircontroloverthecoastalArakanprovince(nowRakhinestate)inwesternBurma.IndiansoldiersservingintheBritishIndianArmytookpartinthesecampaigns.Theaction,inBachchaLieutenanttakesplaceintheArakanjunglesaboutthistime.

JamadarTukaramShindeyhadbeenbroughtupintheNorthKanara(inwestKarnataka)junglesandso,hemovedintheBurmesejungleswithagreatease.Lt.Wilson,anIntelligenceOfficer,neverallowedasinglesoldiertogoonpatrolduty.AndthatwasexactlywhatShindeypreferredinthejungle.

Oneevening,Lt.WilsonsentJamadarShindeyandHavaldarRangaonpatrolduty.TheirmissionwastofindoutthenearestJapanesepost.Shindeyfoundit,buthecouldnotmakeoutthenumberoftheenemyortheirweapons.Hedecidedtostayonforthenight.HeaskedRangatogobacktothecampandinformBachchaLieutenantthatShindeywouldreportbacknexteveningwithdetailedintelligence.

Beforedawn,ShindeycrawledandpositionedhimselfbehindalargeuprootedtreehardlyfiftyyardsfromtheJapanesepost.Nowhecouldeasilyobservetheenemymovement.Inthemorning,ShindeysawabouttwentyJapanesesoldiersdiggingshallowtrenchesinthemiddleoftheroad(carttrack).Theywerelayingminesandboobytraps.Thiswasavitalpieceofintelligence.Shindeycongratulatedhimselfforthesuccessofhismission.

Totally unaware of Shindey’s plan, itwas imperative for Lt.Wilson to find the nearest Japanese post. Atmidday,hetooktwojawansandwentoutonpatrol.Fromhishideout,ShindeysawthreemeninolivegreenwalkinginthedirectionoftheJapanesepost.Lt.Wilsonwasaheadoftheothertwo.Shindeyhadtoactquickly.IfBachchaLieutenantwasnotwarned in time,hewouldbekilledby inanambush.ShindeyshoutedtoLt.Wilsonabout thedangerlyingahead.Indoingthathehaddisclosedhisownpresence.HehurledgrenadesattheJapanesesoldiersbuttheyfiredheavilyathim.Thus,helosthislifeinanefforttosaveLt.Wilson.

2) BachchaLieutenant

The Japanese army invaded Burma (nowMyanmar) in 1942 duringWorldWar II to drive out the Britishgovernmentwhichhadbeensetupthere.In1943,theAlliedpowerstriedtoreasserttheircontroloverthecoastalArakanprovince(nowRakhinestate)inwesternBurma.IndiansoldiersservingintheBritishIndianArmytookpartinthesecampaigns.Theaction,inBachchaLieutenanttakesplaceintheArakanjunglesaboutthistime.

Lt.Wilson,aged19,joinedhisdutiesonlytwomonthsago.Hehadnotseenactioninwar.“Bachcha”inHindimeans“child”or“youngperson.”Forhisyouthandinexperience,Lt.Wilsonwascalled“BachchaLieutenant”bytheIndiansoldiersunderhiscommand.

Oneevening,Lt.WilsonsentJamadarShindeyandHavaldarRangaonpatrolduty.TheirmissionwastofindoutthenearestJapanesepost.ShindeyandRangawereorderedtoreturntothecampbytheendoftheday.ButTukaramShindeysentRangabackandhepreferredtostaytheretillmorningandgetthedetailedinformationabouttheenemysoldiersandtheweaponstheyhad.HavaldarRangawasshotdeadbytheenemiesandcouldnotreachthecamp.Lt.WilsondislikedShindey’sdisobeyingtheorders.

Lt.Wilson alongwith two jawans started on patrol to find the nearest Japanese post. Fromhis hideout,ShindeysawthreemeninolivegreenwalkinginthedirectionoftheJapanesepost.Lt.Wilsonwasaheadoftheothertwo.Shindeyhadtoactquickly.IfBachchaLieutenantwasnotwarnedintime,hewouldbekilledbyinanambush.ShindeyshoutedtoLt.Wilsonaboutthedangerlyingahead.Indoingthathehaddisclosedhisownpresence.HehurledgrenadesattheJapanesesoldiersbuttheyfiredheavilyathim.Facingtheenemybullets,Lt.WilsonmovedaheadtorescueShindey.LtWilsonignoredShindey’sexhortationstosavehisownlifebyhiding inthejungle.HepickedupShindeyonhisshouldersandbegantorun.BothofthemfelltothebulletsoftheJapanesesoldiers.ThiswasBachchaLieutenant’sfirstandalsohislastactioninwar.




III. Completethestatementsbychoosingthecorrectoptionfromthosegivenunderthem:1) JamadarTukaramwasonhissecondcampaignin_______________.

a) Chinab) Thailandc) Japand) Burma

2) Whileonhismission,Tukaramhaddrychappatisand______________forhisdinner.a) riceb) twolargeonionsc) pickled) salt

3) JamadarTukaramalongwithanotherscoutwassentouttofindout______________.a) thenumberofsoldiersintheenemycampb) thenumberofammunitionswiththeenemyc) thenearestenemypositiond) whethertheenemyhadescapedornot

4) AfterbeingorderedbyJamadarTukaramtogobacktothecamp,HavaldarRanga_______________.a) remainedwherehewasb) didnotfollowtheordersc) returnedbacktothebased) losthiswayandgotkilled

5) TheJapanesesoldierswere_________________rightinthemiddleoftheTaungdawtrack.a) sittingwiththeirriflesb) diggingshallowtrenchesc) makingtentsd) patrolling

6) AJapanesesoldierruthlesslykilleda____________.a) donkeyb) horsec) dogd) camel

7) JamadarTukaramgrinnedandsmackedhislipsbecausehe__________.a) killedanenemysoldierb) escapedtheattackfromtheenemyc) knewexactlywheretheenemyhaddugtheirpositiond) knewexactlytheamountofammunitionstheenemyhad

8) LieutenantWilson__________________.a) waitedforTukaramtocomebackthenextdayb) sentanothersoldierinsearchofTukaramthenextdayc) alongwithtwootherjawansdecidedtoretreatd) alongwithtwojawansreachedneartheJapanesepositionwhereTukaramwashiding

9) AfterJamadarTukaramwasshotbytheenemy,theBachchaLieutenant______.a) pickeduptheJamadar,slunghimacrosshisshoulderandranb) lefttheJamadardyingandranc) wenttowardstheenemysoldierstokillthemd) wasfrightenedandcouldnotreacttoit




5. 270CroreHeartbeatsAmritaPritam

I. Answerthefollowingquestionsinbrief1) WhathappenedwhenSurekharemovedhermangalsutra?Whatdidsherecallthen?

Ans:WhenSurekharemovedthemangalsutra,herheartwasbeatingsohardthatshefeltitwouldstopwithhernextbreath.SherememberedhavingreadsomewherethataTibetanLamahadoncesaidthattheheartofastarbeatsabout270croretimesandthenitdies.

2) WhywasSurekha’sfatheragainsthermarriagetoRaj?Ans:SurekhawasayoungKonkanigirl.ShefellinlovewithRaj,whowasaMaharashtrianboy.Surekha’sfatherdidapproveofthismarriageastheboywasofothercaste.ToaddtothemiseryRajwasnotearningmoneyandsoSurekha’sfatherwasagainsttheirmarriage.

3) WhatwerethesituationsthatforcedSurekhatopawnhermangalsutra?Ans:SurekhamarriedRajagainstherfather’swill.Sheevenputhermother’smangalsutraaroundherneckandfeltasifshehadbeenblessedbyGodwithalonglifeforRaj.Raj,ontheotherhand,drownedhimselfinalcoholafterbeingafailureingettingemployment.Inthosedays,Surekhawasforcedtopawnhermangalsutratokeepthefireburningatherhome.Sheevenhadtotakeupajobtorunthehouse.

4) WhatwasthecauseofRaj’sdeath?Ans:RajmadeallpossibleeffortstogetajobafterhismarriagewithSurekha;buthefailed.Toforgetthesorrowofhisfailureshekepthimselfintoxicated.Thus,overconsumptionofalcoholbecamethecauseofhisdeath.

5) WhydidSurekhaagreetoremarry?Ans:Surekhawasleftwithtwokidstotakecareof,afterRaj’sdeath.Shenevercaredtobringhermangalsutrabackfromthepawnbroker’sshop,astherewerenohandstoputitaroundherneck.Inherlonelinessshewasapproachedbyawidower-afatheroftwochildren,formarriage.Surekhagaveherlifeanotherchancebymarryingthatman.Sheallowedhimputathricerepairedmangalsutraaroundherneck.

6) HowwasSurekhadeceivedinhersecondmarriage?Ans:Surekhamarriedawidowerwhowasalreadyafatheroftwochildren.Shehopedthatherchildrenwouldtherebygetfather’sloveandshewouldbeamothertohischildren.But,shewasdeceived.Themanwasahypocrite.Heneitherbecameherhusband,notherchildren’sfather.Hepocketedallherearningsandranaway.

7) WhatdidSurekhadoattheendofthestoryandwhy?Ans:Oneday,Surekhawassleepingbetweenherchildrenandshefeltasiftheirgentlebreathweretryingtofindasparkintheashes.Sherememberedthatafter270croreheartbeatsthestarthatturnsintoashesproducesthesparkforanewstar.Sheremovedallthepastsadyearsofherlife.Sherealisedthatshewassearchinghappinessoutsideinsomeoneelse;insteadofsearchingwithin.Sheboughtanewmangalsutrafromthemarketandputitaroundherneckallbyherself.Thussheemergedasanewindependentwoman.

II. Writeshortnoteson1) Surekha’sexperiencesinbothhermarriages2) Thesymbolicmeaningofmangalsutrainthisstory

270CroreHeartbeatsdepicts,inflashback,Surekha’sjourneyfromemotionaldependencetoindividualautonomy.Customarily,thehusbandgivesthemangalsutra(Sanskritwordliterallymeans“auspiciousthread”)tohiswifeatthetimeoforafterthemarriage.Themangalsutraissupposed,ontheonehand,tobeasymbolofmaritalblissforthewifeand,ontheother,anassuranceofhersustenancefromthehusband.Butthroughoutthestory,themangalsutra




ispresentedasamotifofdomesticmiseryanddeception.Finally,bywearingherownmangalsutra,Surekhadenotesherfreedomfromtheemotionalbondageimplicitinmarriage.AsimpleKonkanigirl,SurekhamarriedRaj,aMaharashtrian,againstherfather’swishes.Rajwaspenniless.Surekhaboughtamangalsutraforherself.Thoughshecouldaffordonlyacheapone,shethusexpressedherdeepfaithinthemangalsutraforall ittraditionallysymbolized.Whenherfathersoftenedtowardsher,Surekharequestedonlyonethingfromhim-herdeadmother’smangalsutra.However,financialtroublesforcedhertopawnit.Sheprovidedforherhusbandandtheirtwochildren.Rajtooktodrinkinganddied.BythenSurekhasavedenoughmoneybutshedidnotredeemthemangalsutra.Afterherhusband’sdeath,whowouldputitaroundherneck?Many years passed. A widower came to Surekha with his own two children and his late wife’s heavy, goldenmangalsutrathathadbeenrepairedatthreeplaces.Thoughinitiallyhesitant,sheworethismangalsutra.ButthemanturnedouttobeafraudandSurekhareturnedthemangalsutra.Whileremovingitfromherneck,sherememberedthewordsofaTibetanLama:astarbeatsabout270croretimesandthenitdies.Surekhafeltthatshehadhadher270croreheartbeatsandthatherheartwouldstopwiththenextbreath.Astimepassed,self-realizationdawnedonheronedaywhileshewassleeping.Surekharegainedconfidencefromtheideathatthesparkforanewstarrisesfromtheashesofthedeadone.Likeanewstarshebecamefreefromallthepastsadyearsoflife.Nextmorning,sheboughtanewmangalsutraandworeitwithherownhands.Shecannotbedivorcedorwidowednow,shetoldherself.Fromherpainfulexperiences,Surekhaemergedasanindependentwoman.

III. Completethestatementsbychoosingthecorrectoptionfromthosegivenunderthem:

1) Surekhaheardthestory,ofastarbeatingabout270croretimesandthendying,froma____________.a) Hindupriestb) TibetanLamac) Buddhistpriestd) clergyman

2) Surekhafellinlovewitha_____________boy.a) Gujaratib) Christianc) Maharashtriand) Rajasthani

3) Surekhaaskedforher____________mangalsutrafromherfather.a) mother’sb) sister’sc) aunt’sd) sister-in-law’s

4) Afterpossessingthemangalsutragivenbyherfather,Surekhafeltasifshehad________.a) achievedwhatshedesiredb) becomeawealthierpersonc) wasblessedbyherfatherd) beenblessedbyGodwithalonglifeforRaj

5) Surekha’shusbanddieddueto__________.a) asevereillnessb) aheartattackc) excessivedrinkingd) anaccident

6) Surekhadidnotbringbackhermangalsutrafromthepawnbrokerbecause________.a) thehandsthatcouldputitaroundherneckwerenomoreb) shedidnothaveenoughmoneytodosoc) shehatedherhusbandanddidnotwishtoputonthemangalsutrad) thepawnbrokerhadsoldittosomeoneelse




7) Oncewhilesleepingwithherchildren,Surekharememberedthatafter270croreheartbeatsastarthatturnsintoashes________________.

a) producesthesparkforanewstarb) neverrisesagainc) becomesapainfulremembranceforeverd) burnsthesouliftouchedonceagain

8) Likeanew-bornstar,Surekharemoved______________.a) theoldclothesfromherclosetb) allthepastsadyearsofherlifec) theoldmangalsutrafromherneckd) thepossessionsofthechildrenofhersecondhusabnd

9) Surekhaboughtanewmangalsutraandworeitallbyherselfsayingthatitwouldnot____________.a) breakagainb) divorceherc) makeherawidowd) divorceherormakeherawidow

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