E-Learning: Old Wine in a New Bottle? Mark Bullen Expo E-Learning, Barcelona March 20, 2009
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E-Learning: Old Wine in a New Bottle?
Mark Bullen
Expo E-Learning, Barcelona
March 20, 2009
Main Point
E-Learning is not newhistory is important
What is E-Learning?
Looking to the Past
Much of what we think is new is not
Looking to the Past
John Dewey (1859-1952) Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Constructivism
Looking to the PastLearner-centered education
Socrates Confucius
Looking to the Past
E-learning and distance educationHas its roots in distance educationDates back to the 1700s correspondence educationAudiovisual devices - early 1900sEducational television - 1960sEffective course development model
History: Pre-Internet
Early online learningComputer-mediated Communication (CMC)Collaboration, knowledge construction
Many-to-many communication, time and place independence
Asynchronous text-based communication as a facilitator of collaboration, knowledge construction
(Harasim, 1990; Harasim et al., 1995)
History: The Internet Era- Web 1.0
Internet, course management systems (CMS) changed our understanding of online learning
CMS not about communication, collaboration, knowledge construction
CMS about efficient distribution of contentTeacher-centered Internet as a delivery mechanism
History: The Internet Era - Web 2.0
A return to the pre-Internet era?
Architecture of presentation
Architecture of participation
History: The Internet Era - Web 2.0
Harnessing the potential of easy to use tools
Facilitating collaboration, production
User-generated content
Openness
E-Learning Today
E-Learning 10 years ago
Education in the New Millenium
E-Learning Today
E-Learning Today
Dominant instructional design model information transmission supported by asynchronous
online “discussion”
Blogs
Wikis
Social Bookmarking
Virtual Worlds
…..casting
Synchronous Communication Tools
Web conferencing
Instant messaging
E-Learning Today
But are these tools changing the dominant instructional design paradigm?Online delivery remains primarily text-based,
information delivery Constructivist, collaborative, online knowledge
building community is rareTechnology still largely being used to replicate earlier
modes of teaching - the electronic classroom
The Future
The Future
Radical change or status quo?
Technology is changingContinuing development of Web 2.0
Learners are changing…we think
Learner Changes
Net generationBorn after 1982Never know life without the Internet
CharacteristicsDigitally literateConnected ImpatientExperiential
Learner Changes
Characterstics of Net generationSocialTeam playersNeed for structureVisual and kinesthicNeed for interactivityCommunity minded
Learner Changes
How accurate is this portrayal?
Different social and technological context
BCIT research
Learning 2.0
• Focus on learning processes
• Focus on communication & interaction
• Co-developed with learners & instructors shaping the design
• Customized/personalized
• Focus on knowledge & understanding
• Learner-paced
Learning 2.0
Collaborative: one to many, many to many
Feedback rich
Technology 2.0
Less reliance on enterprise solutions
The web as platform
Easy to use, free, often open, tools
Personal Learning Environments
“A facility for an individual to access, aggregate, configure and manipulate digital artifacts of their ongoing learning experiences.” - Ron Lubensky
http://members.optusnet.com.au/rlubensky/2006/12/present-and-future-of-personal-learning.html
Concluding Comments
E-learning is not as new as we think
Current e-learning practice is fairly conservative
Changing technology, changing learners
Heterogeneity of learners
Check assumptions
Technology potential not always realized
ReferencesBates, A.W. (2000). Managing Technological Change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bereiter, C. & Scardamelia, M. Catching the Third Wave. Queen's Education Letter, Issue #2: Integrating ICT in Teaching and Learning
Bullen, M. & Janes, D. (Eds.)(2007). Making the Transition to E-Learning: Strategies and Issues. Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing.
Harasim, L. (1990). Online Education: An Environment for Collaboration and Intellectual Amplifcation. In L. Harasim (Ed.), Online Education: Perspectives on a New Environment (pp. 39-64). New York: Praeger.
Harasim, L., Hiltz, S., Teles, L., & Turoff, M. (1995). Learning Networks: A Field Guide to Teaching and Learning Online. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Oblinger, D.G. & Oblinger, J.L. (2005). Educating the Net Generation. Available at http://www.educause.edu/EducatingtheNetGeneration/
Sinclair, G., McClarin, M. & Griffin, M.J. (2006). E-Learning and Beyond. Discussion paper prepared as part of the Campus 2020 process for the Ministry of Advance Education.
Zemsky , R. & Massy, W.F. (2004). Thwarted Innovation: What Happened to E-learning and Why. The Learning Alliance.
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