E-GEOS Headquarter Contrada Terlecchie 75100 Matera - Italy Commercial Office Via Cannizzaro 71 00156 Roma - Italy Central and South America Volcanoes.

e-GEOS

HeadquarterContrada Terlecchie 75100 Matera - Italy

Commercial Office      Via Cannizzaro 7100156 Roma - Italy

Central and South America Volcanoes Monitoring

© Copyright e-GEOS – All rights Reserved RESTRICTION ON USE , DUPLICATION OR DIISCLOSURE OF e-GEOS

PROPRIETARY INFORMATIONThis document discloses subject matter in which e-GEOS S.p.A. has proprietary rights. Recipient of the document shall not duplicate, use or disclose in whole or in part information contained herein to Third Parties without the written consensus of e-GEOS.Recipient of this document has the legal obligation to protect such information.

INGV

Page 2

Contents

• INGV Experiences on Volcanoes Monitoring

• Proposed approach for Latin American

Italian Seismic and Volcanic SurveillanceItalian Seismic and Volcanic Surveillance

• Italy presents high seismicity on its territory.

• Active volcanoes are located mainly in the southern regions.

• The seismometric network has been developed over the last 20 years.

• Volcanic observatories are active in Napoli and Catania since the presence of Vesuvio-Campi Flegrei and Mt. Etna.

The Italian Volcanic The Italian Volcanic Monitoring System Monitoring System

Italy is subject to different Geohazards risks as earthquakes and volcanoes, moreover the high population density requires a constant surveilance of the volcanoes activiy level.

The permanent monitoring of active volcanic areas involve the surveilance many different phenomena related to volcanic activity

The surveilance system must be efficient on detect the signs of an impending eruption and therefore activate the Civil Protection structures.

The basic requirements are well organized ground based networks that provide continuous data to observatories and operative centres.

Satellite system may improve the monitoring capability by providing new information and a global view of the territory

The map shows the locations of Italian active volcanoes and the main tectonic features of on the central-southern Italy

ITALIAN TECTONIC ITALIAN TECTONIC AND VOLCANIC AND VOLCANIC

FEATURESFEATURES

ITALIAN TECTONIC ITALIAN TECTONIC AND VOLCANIC AND VOLCANIC

FEATURESFEATURES

Type of volcanic activity Type of volcanic activity produced by the Italian volcanoesproduced by the Italian volcanoes

Type of volcanic activity Type of volcanic activity produced by the Italian volcanoesproduced by the Italian volcanoes

• Lava Flows (Lava Flows (Etna, Stromboli, VesuvioEtna, Stromboli, Vesuvio))

• Ash Clouds, Strombolian activity (Ash Clouds, Strombolian activity (Etna, Stromboli, Vesuvio, VulcanoEtna, Stromboli, Vesuvio, Vulcano))

• Anomalous gas emissions (Anomalous gas emissions (Panarea, Colli Albani, VulcanoPanarea, Colli Albani, Vulcano))

• Lahars, land slides, debris-flows (Lahars, land slides, debris-flows (tutti i vulcanitutti i vulcani))

• Tsunami (Tsunami (Stromboli, Etna, VesuvioStromboli, Etna, Vesuvio))

• Pyroclastic Flows (Pyroclastic Flows (Vesuvio, Vulcano, Campi FlegreiVesuvio, Vulcano, Campi Flegrei))

• Caldera Collaps (Caldera Collaps (Campi Fregrei, Vesuvio, EtnaCampi Fregrei, Vesuvio, Etna))

The INGVINGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) is one of the major European research institutes in geophysics. It has many centres and 500 researchers working on seismology, volcanology, geodesy, remote sensing, geochemistry, atmospheric physics.

INGVINGV develops and controls many instrumental networks to monitor seismic and volcanic activity with a 24h surveillance of the Italian territory for the Civil Protection

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e VulcanologiaIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

INGV Departments:

• Centro Nazionale Terremoti

Roma• Seismology and Tectonophysics• Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Envorinment

Napoli• Osservatorio Vesuviano

Catania• Volcanology (Etna-Aeolian Isl.)

Milano• Engineering Seismology

Palermo• Geochemistry

Pisa• Volcanology and modeling

Bologna• Seismology• Climatology

INGV LOCATIONS IN ITALYINGV LOCATIONS IN ITALYINGV LOCATIONS IN ITALYINGV LOCATIONS IN ITALY

Italian seismic and GPS

Network (2009) :

150 BB stations

110 CGPS

60 Strong Motions

Out of ~250 real time stations

3 central hubs:Grottaminarda, Roma and

Catania, each with two receiving antennas

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

Quasi real-time Quasi real-time data streamdata stream

Re-transmission Re-transmission of lost packets of lost packets

Autonomy from Autonomy from AC powerAC power

EconomyEconomy

Distribution of Permanent NetworkDistribution of Permanent Networkon Volcanic Areason Volcanic Areas

Distribution of Permanent NetworkDistribution of Permanent Networkon Volcanic Areason Volcanic Areas

Monitor Ground Networks in Neapolitan Monitor Ground Networks in Neapolitan Area Area

Monitor Ground Networks in Neapolitan Monitor Ground Networks in Neapolitan Area Area

Ground properties derived developing original remote sensing algorithm:

• Lava flow effusion rate• Reflectance, Emissivity, Ground temperature• DTM • Ground deformation by InSAR techniques

Volcanic plumes parameters derived developing original remote sensing algorithm:

- SO2 content and flux in volcanic plumes- Water content in volcanic plumes- Optical depth- CO2 content in volcanic plumes

Periodic Filed Campaign to Validate algorithm retrievals

EXTRACT THE EXTRACT THE INFORMATION/PARAMETER FROM INFORMATION/PARAMETER FROM

REMOTE SENSED DATAREMOTE SENSED DATA

EXTRACT THE EXTRACT THE INFORMATION/PARAMETER FROM INFORMATION/PARAMETER FROM

REMOTE SENSED DATAREMOTE SENSED DATA

Satellite monitoring facilities Satellite monitoring facilities Satellite monitoring facilities Satellite monitoring facilities

- The INGV Remote Sensing Group has 15 years of experience in the application of SAR Interferometry techniques (authors of the first studies in Italy in 1997) to earthquakes studies and volcanoes monitoring.

- INGV RS Group develops algorithms to extract volcanic parameters from Optical data to monitor temperature, gas emissions and ash clouds.

-The INGV RS Group has a wide experience in SAR data time series generation in volcanic areas from different processing techniques.

- The PSI (Permanent Scatterers Interferometry), the IPTA (Interferometric Point Target Analysis), Small Baselines Subsets (SBAS) and StaMPS (Stanford Method for Persistent Scatters) techniques are currently available at INGV RS Group.

- INGV RS Group has also experienced the project and development of corner reflectors to be installed in volcanic areas to be reference points for SAR Interferometry products.

The INGV RS Group is author of recent studies over the Colli Albani and Etna volcanoes showing the slow deformation of the caldera.

Satellite monitoring activitiesSatellite monitoring activitiesSatellite monitoring activitiesSatellite monitoring activities

locationlocation vulcanovulcano Multitemporal Multitemporal DinSAR DinSAR

Optical Optical sensorssensors SAR sensors usedSAR sensors used

LazioLazioColli Albani X LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER ERS-ENVISAT

CampaniaCampaniaVesuvio X LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER,

MODIS, VHRV ERS-ENVISAT

Campi FlegreiX LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER,

MODIS, AVHRR, VHRV ERS-ENVISAT

Ischia X LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER ENVISATSiciliaSicilia

Etna

XLANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER, MODIS, AVHRR, MSG,

VHRV

ERS-ENVISATALOS

COSMO-SkyMed TerraSAR-X

Stromboli XLANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER, MODIS, AVHRR, MSG,

VHRVERS-ENVISAT

Vulcano LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER ERS-ENVISATPanarea LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER

Pantelleria LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER

Satellite Monitoring SystemSatellite Monitoring Systemadapted to INGV functionalityadapted to INGV functionalitySatellite Monitoring SystemSatellite Monitoring System

adapted to INGV functionalityadapted to INGV functionality

Hot spot detection Thermal anomalies analysis

INGV has a gained experience in monitoring of volcanoes with an integrated approach employing both Remote Sensing and Ground data.

The Project SRV (Sistema Rischio Vulcanico http://srv1.rm.ingv.it/srv/srv) funded by ASI (the Italian Space Agency), is an example of such a system, developed according to the Italian DPC (Civil Protection Department) requirements, using COSMO-SkyMed data provided by ASI and downloaded through dedicated receiving antennas, under specific agreement.

SISTEMA RICHIO VULCANICO (SRV)SISTEMA RICHIO VULCANICO (SRV)SISTEMA RICHIO VULCANICO (SRV)SISTEMA RICHIO VULCANICO (SRV)

Etna Etna Ash and lava distribution map productAsh and lava distribution map product

Etna Etna Volcanic thickness productVolcanic thickness product

EtnaEtnaDeformation Map from DinSAR product (time Deformation Map from DinSAR product (time series)series)

Post Crisis PhasePost Crisis Phase

Etna Etna Volcanic Plumes and Clouds analysis productVolcanic Plumes and Clouds analysis product

EtnaEtnaThermal Flux, Effusion RateThermal Flux, Effusion Rate

EtnaEtnaDeformation Map from DinSAR produsc (time Deformation Map from DinSAR produsc (time series) series)

EtnaEtnaDeformation Map from InSAR product (sin Deformation Map from InSAR product (sin eruptive)eruptive)

Crisis PhaseCrisis Phase

EtnaEtnaDegassing Plumes analysis productDegassing Plumes analysis product

Etna, Campi Flegrei, VesuvioEtna, Campi Flegrei, VesuvioSurface temperature and Thermal flux Surface temperature and Thermal flux

Etna and Vesuvio – Campi FlegreiEtna and Vesuvio – Campi FlegreiDeformation Map from DinSAR product (time Deformation Map from DinSAR product (time series)series)

Etna and Vesuvio – Campi FlegreiEtna and Vesuvio – Campi FlegreiMultiparametric Analysis product Multiparametric Analysis product

Knowledge and Knowledge and PreventionPrevention

GEOGRAPHICAL AREAGEOGRAPHICAL AREAEO PRODUCTSEO PRODUCTSPHASEPHASE

SRV Products for end usersSRV Products for end usersSRV Products for end usersSRV Products for end users

Page 20

Proposed Approachfor Latin American

Page 21

System Concept

• The Volcano Monitoring System will be made of the following elements:

– Ground Network, dedicated to collect primary information from volcanoes with Seismic and GPS systems

– Multi-Satellite Reception Centre, devoted to enrich Ground Network information with processing chain for deriving specific products from optical and radar (SAR) data

– Regional Analysis Platform, representing the centre where both Ground Network and Optical and Radar (SAR) data are analysed and integrated for deriving specific information on monitoring

– Local Delivery Platform, representing the part of the system deployed near the Volcanological observatory where the information is interpreted and make available to Local Authorities and Decision Makers

– Satellite Link System, represent the framework for broadcasting the information especially from the Ground Network to the Regional Analysis Platform and Local Delivery Platform via satellite telecommunications. The use of this network to other communications needs within the system will be evaluated during the feasibility study activities.

• The deployment of these elements depends on the feasibility study result

– It is expected one (or two) multi-satellite reception centre, a regional analysis platform for each country and several local delivery platform.

Page 22

MULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTREMULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTRE

LOCAL MONITORING INTERFACELOCAL MONITORING INTERFACE

NATIIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORMNATIIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORM

Ground or SatelliteLink System

Seismic and GPS data from Ground Monitoring Network

(External Interface )

COSMO-SkyMedSAC-D

SENTINELTERRA/AQUA

…

Ground Network data analysis

EO Data Analysis

Analyst

SAR dataProcessing

Chains

DATA INTEGRATION

Optical data Processing

Chains

Back-up Ground Network Data

Local Authorities and Decision Makers

Operation

Volcanological Observatories

Ground or Satellite Link

Ground or Satellite Link

EUMETSAT Satellite Link

Page 23

• The Multi-Satellite Reception Centre will be the centralized ground station for receiving and processing, in near real-time, multi-satellite data over the area of interest

• The Multi-Satellite Reception Centre will operate processing chains for Level 1 and 2 products (SAR and Optical) for volcanic activity monitoring

• The Multi-Satellite Reception Centre will also receive the ground data coming form the local networks which will trigger the acquisition in near real time and real time from the satellites

• The Multi-Satellite Reception Centre will also act as security centre for the ground data storage

• The Multi-Satellite Reception Centre will use satellite link to receive and send data to the regional centers to ensure the timing of the information to the “Decision Makers”

MULTI-SATELLITE DATA CENTRE

MULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTREMULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTREMULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTREMULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTRE

SAR Processing

Chains

Optical data Processing

Chains

Back-up Ground Network Data

Operation

COSMO-SkyMedSAC-D

SENTINELTERRA/AQUA

…

Page 24

• The Regional Analysis Platform may serve more than one volcanic area

• The Regional Analysis Platform will receive ground network data to perform specific analysis

• The Regional Analysis Platform will receive level 1 and 2 data generated by the Multi-Satellite Data Centre

• The Regional Analysis Platform will integrate satellite derived products with ground data

• The Regional Analysis Platform may also contain modules for the volcanic source modeling

• The integrated products will be make available data

Analyst REGIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORMREGIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORMREGIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORMREGIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORM

EO Data AnalysisEO Data Analysis

DATA INTEGRATIONDATA INTEGRATION

Ground NetworkGround Network data analysisdata analysis

REGIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORM

Page 25

• The Local Delivery Platform represents the portal for the Volcano Observatories to access the Satellite integrate products

• The Local Delivery Platform will use a WEBGIS architecture which will permit the download of the product in vectorial format in order to use them for further integration in legacy systems related with volcanological analysis

LOCAL DELIVERY PLATFORMLOCAL DELIVERY PLATFORMLOCAL DELIVERY PLATFORMLOCAL DELIVERY PLATFORM

Volcanological Observatories

LOCAL DELIVERY PLATFORM

Page 26

• The Ground Network will be designed depending from the local existing infrastructures and need in order to optimize the data integration with satellite measurements

• Seismic and GPS systems will represent the prime infrastructure

• Acoustic instruments could also be used. Correlating infrasonic and seismic events provides better eruption detection that ground system will detect and trigger the spatial acquisition systems

GROUND NETWORKGROUND NETWORK(MAINLY Seismic and GPS)(MAINLY Seismic and GPS)

GROUND NETWORK

Page 27

• The Satellite Link System will be designed in order to support broadcasting of the information from the Ground Network to the Regional Analysis Platform and Local Delivery Platform.

• The Satellite Link System will consist of a telecommunication satellite broadband that will allow the distribution of any data using fixed and mobile stations.

• The architecture will be based on a Network Operation Centre with a master antenna and remote terminals.

• This network will allow the customer to have a complete broadband infrastructure that could be used to disseminate either Ground Network data (such as IP Multicast Internet Access, Web applications IP, Private Networks Sensor and network monitoring, Terrestrial Backup e disaster recovery, VoIP Video communications, Telemedicine and e-learning).

SATELLITE LINK SYSTEM

Page 28

Possible structure for the ground monitoring and the links Possible structure for the ground monitoring and the links with the Data Centers and Local Observatorieswith the Data Centers and Local Observatories