E-democracy in Development: A Case Study of d:mo in Molde Judith Molka-Danielsen, Beinta Jákupsstovu og Eli Kjersem
Dec 30, 2015
E-democracy in Development: A Case Study of d:mo in Molde
Judith Molka-Danielsen, Beinta Jákupsstovu og Eli Kjersem
Historic: What is d:mo ?
• D:mo the concept, is to be a debate platform for citizens and politicians on the Internet. – Participants can have a dialogue about current topics. – Anyone can read the debate page, organize a theme, read others
contributions, and post comments of their own viewpoint.– Anyone can follow the dialogue and contribute comments and answer
questions.
• D:mo is a further development of the website demokratitorget.no that was open for use in connection with the Town Elections in 2003. The website was a cooperative project with the county government (fylke) of East and West Agder and the software producer ErgoEphorma. – It was the impression that the pilot project functioned well and that it was
used in the short period before and during the election. – After the election the use of the website dropped quickly. The website was
then taken out of operation. – It was decided to develop a long term strategy to promote a new application.
Actors in the Pilot Project d:mo Molde Norway
d:mo Molde
1. Ergo Group
5. AdministrationMolde _____________Municipality
6. Political Representatives
2. Municipality Management Team
3. Private Consultant
7. Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development
4. Evaluation Project Møre Research Molde
Overview
D:mo was implemented in Molde in August 2004. After one year of little website activity, it was decided that the project would be evaluated. We would explore:
1. Citizen’s knowledge to use the website.2. Different group’s need and use of the website.3. D:mo’s legitimate role in Molde.4. D:mo’s layout and design.5. D:mo’s user friendliness.
Count of those surveyed that have been in the town’s website of Molde and in d:mo’s website
All those surveyed
Home town Molde
Have been in the Moldetown’s website
61 66
Have been in d:mo’s website 19 20
N (100 %) 211 170
Percentage of users that use the Internet (national statistics) compared with the percentage of those surveyed that have been on
d:mo’s web page
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
15-24 år 25-44 år 45-66 år 67 år eller mer
bruker internett jevnlig
vært på kommunens web
vært på d:mo's web
skrevet på d:mo
Not Timely
“5 på Gata”: Posted on the website 31.10.05
:run debate
is little used
Different representation.Last updated17.09.04
Article is read 2595 times.
Article is read 2363 times.
Responsible Persons are not
visible.
Link doesn’t work.
Link doesn’t work.
Technical Recommendations• Include information that has meaning, exclude information with no meaning.
• More user friendly: i.e replace IP-address with domain name.
• Site usage statistics should be collected.
• Have an expiration date for the display of the most visual information.
• Make d:mo look and work more like a Weblog.
• Decide if the d:mo portal is to have an independent identity from Molde municipality (or be a page under it), and then correct all links to it that you have control over.
• Have an active Web Administration for the d:mo web page.
• Accept participation in as many input forms as possible.
• A web portal may not be able to change the distribution of political activity: if they are treated as non personal meeting places.
Touchgraph visualization on www.molde.kommune.no
Cumulative distribution of incoming links for political blogs, separated by category. A power-law with an exponential cutoff, shown as a solid line, is
the best fit. (Source: Adamic and Glance, 2005).
Networks within the Mayfield
Network Ecosystem Model
Democratic Participation Framework (Torpe, 2004)
Torpe’s models of democracy
• Participatory democracy – – based on socially formed interests and opinions– Involve direct and active participation by citizens – Parents meeting at school (example)
• Network democracy – like Participatory democracy but,– Citizen participation is more self organized, informally structured, less
planned.– Emergent democracy– Product of those currently present and interested in a particular topic.
• ICT can support different forms of democracy. • Weblogs have not been evaluated.
– How open are they? – Who can participate?
How various digital instruments may support key features in different normative models of democracy.
(Source: Torpe, 2004)Models of democracy Key features Principles of publicness Digital instruments
All models Autonomy and equal access
Informed opinion-formation
Digital access to public documents and information about public services
Competitive democracy Individually formed preferences
Representation
Aggregation of interestsAccountability
E-hearings of groups and affected citizens
Consumer democracy Individually formed preferences
Self-determination
Aggregation of interestsDirect influence of users
on service provisions
E-hearings of usersE-voting among users
Participatory democracy
Societal formed preferences
Self-determination
Direct involvement of citizens in decision-making
Deliberation
E-hearings of citizensE-voting among citizens
Network democracy Societal formed preferences
Self-determination
Involvement of citizens in policy networks
Deliberation
User-groupsMailing listsDigital forums with restricted access
Deliberative democracy Societal formedpreferencesrepresentation
DeliberationAccountability
Public digital debate forums
Public digital chat forums
The Future• D:mo functionality will be revised and the site will be re-launched.• New functionality:
– Modify the d:mo registration system to maintain profiles on participates. – Enable posts of official town documents (i.e. town plan) on the d:mo site
and enable a comment-board to receive citizen comments under topics.– Implement a voting function where votes on topics are tallied and the
tallies are revealed.– Accept other input formats: blog-like comments, receive sms.– Post multimedia clips on d:mo i.e. student radio interviews and local TV
interviews.
• Molde Town Council committee will debate in a council meeting on 16.04.02 the role and use of d:mo by the town council.– Will the council members and other political representatives:
• contribute comments on the site, (?)• contribute to debate, and (?)• what will they do with the feedback of the voting system. (?)
• Re-launch and market d:mo through meetings to town political representatives, middle and high school students, and voluntary organizations.
Questions for discussion
• What is the expected impact of the technology (d:mo) on e-debate and e-democracy?
• What types of performance indicators should we use to evaluate if the proposed technology gives added value (qualitative) to the participants (citizens and political representatives)? – Should we count users of the site or topics discussed?– What benchmarks should be used to measure affects on
democratic governance (the actions of representatives) in the town of Molde?
• Can technology like d:mo help to integrate the actions of those operating under different democratic frameworks: representative versus self-determined frameworks?