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Chapter 3 The Internet & World Wide Web: E-
commerce Infrastructure
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The Internet: Technology
Background InternetInterconnected network of thousands of
networks and millions of computers
Links businesses, educational institutions,government agencies, and individuals
World Wide Web (Web)
One of the Internet’s most popular servicesProvides access to billions, possibly trillions,
of Web pages
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The Evolution of the Internet
!"#$resent
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The Evolution of the Internet
!"#$resent Innovation $hase% !"#!'
Creation of fundamental building blocks
Institutionaliation $hase% !'#!!
Large institutions provide funding and legitimiation
*ommercialiation $hase% !!#+resent
Private corporations take over, e!pand Internetbackbone and local service
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The Internet:
,ey Technology *once+tse.ned by /ederal 0et1orking
*ouncil as net1ork that: "ses IP addressing
#upports $CP%IP
Provides services to users, in manner similar to telephonesystem
Three im+ortant conce+ts: Packet switching
$CP%IP communications protocol
Client%server computing
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$acket 21itching 2lices digital messages into +ackets
2ends +ackets along di3erentcommunication +aths as they becomeavailable
4eassembles +ackets once they arrive atdestination
5ses routers #pecial purpose computers that interconnect the computer networks that
make up the Internet and route packets &outing algorithms ensure packets take the best available path toward their
destination
6ess e7+ensive% 1asteful than circuit-s1itching
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$acket 21itching
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T*$8I$
Transmission *ontrol $rotocol(T*$): 'stablishes connections among sending and receiving Web
computers
(andles assembly of packets at point of transmission, andreassembly at receiving end
Internet $rotocol (I$): Provides the Internet’s addressing scheme
/our T*$8I$ layers )etwork interface layer
Internet layer
$ransport layer
*pplication layer
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The T*$8I$ 9rchitecture
and$rotocol 2uite
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Internet (I$) 9ddresses
I$v:+-bit number
.our sets of numbers marked o/ byperiods0 12342325436Class C address0 )etwork identi7ed by 7rst
three sets, computer identi7ed by last set
I$v"25-bit addresses, able to handle up to 2
8uadrillion addresses 9IPv: can onlyhandle : billion;
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4outing Internet essages:
T*$8I$ and $acket21itching
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omain 0ames% 02% and
546somain name IP address e!pressed in natural language
omain name system (02) *llows numeric IP addresses to be e!pressed innatural language
5niform resource locator (546) *ddress used by Web browser to identify location
of content on the Web
'3g3 http0%%www3studytoday3edu%'commerce
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omain 0ames% 02% and
546s
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;ther Internet $rotocols and5tility $rograms
Internet +rotocols($$P - Protocol used to transfer Web pages
'-mail0 #
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5tility $rograms
$ing - "tility program that allows you to checkconnection between client and server3 >ives information
of packet send , received ? lost 3 *nd appro!imate time
in msTracert - it will show you how many hops the packet
re8uires to reach the host and how long each hop takes3
Pathping = combines the functionality o/ered by Ping ?
$racert3
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$ing
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Tracert
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arku+ 6anguages
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arku+ 6anguages@y+erte7t arku+ 6anguage (@T6)
.i!ed set of pre-de7ned markup Btags used to format
te!t
Controls look and feel of Web pages
($
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The Internet and Web:
/eatures Internet and Web features on1hich the foundations of e-
commerce are built include: '-mail Instant messaging
#earch engines
Intelligent agents 9bots;Online forums and chat
#treaming media
Cookies
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E-mailost used a++lication of the Internet
5ses series of +rotocols for transferringmessages 1ith te7t and attachments
(images% sound% video cli+s% etc%) fromone Internet user to another
Instant essagingis+lays 1ords ty+ed on a com+uter
almost instantly% and reci+ients can thenres+ond immediately in the same 1ay
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2earch Engines
Identify Web +ages that matchCueries based on one or moretechniCues Feyword inde!es, page ranking
9lso serve as: #hopping tools
*dvertising vehicles 9search engine marketing; $ool within e-commerce sites
;utside of e-mail% most commonlyused Internet activity
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@o1
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Intelligent 9gents (Bots)
2oft1are +rograms that gatherand8or .lter information on as+eci.c to+ic and then +rovidea list of results #earch bot
#hopping bot-
Web monitoring bot)ews bot
Chatter bot
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The Internet Today
Internet gro1th has boomed1ithout disru+tion because of:Client%server computing model
(ourglass, layered architecture
)etwork $echnology #ubstrate
$ransport #ervices and &epresentation #tandards
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The@ourglassodel of
theInternet
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Internet 0et1ork 9rchitecture
Backbone: (igh-bandwidth 7ber-optic cable networks
Private networks owned by a variety of )#Ps
Gandwidth0 2DD bps
Guilt-in redundancy
IA$s: (ubs where backbones intersect with regional and local
networks, and backbone owners connect with one another
*90s: L*)s operating within a single organiation that leases
Internet access directly from regional or national carrier
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Internet 0et1ork
9rchitecture
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Internet 2ervice $roviders
(I2$s)$rovide lo1est level of service toindividuals% small businesses%some institutions
Ty+es of service)arrowband 9dial-up;
Groadband Eigital #ubscriber Line 9E#L;
Cable modem
$2 and $+
#atellite
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Intranets and E7tranets
Intranet
$CP%IP network located within a single
organiation for communications andprocessing
E7tranet
.ormed when 7rms permit outsiders toaccess their internal $CP%IP networks
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Who ;
Internet 'ngineering $ask .orce 9I'$.;
Internet #ociety 9I#OC;
World Wide Web Consortium 9W+C;
International $elecommunications "nion 9I$";
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Internet II: The /uture
Infrastructure6imitations of current InternetGandwidth limitations
Huality of service limitations
LatencyBGest e/ort HO#
)etwork architecture limitations
Language development limitations($
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The InternetFG $roHect
*onsortium of more than F>>universities 1orking in +artnershi+1ith government agencies & +rivate
businesses$rimary goals:
Create leading-edge very-high speed network for national
research community
'nable revolutionary Internet applications
'nsure the rapid transfer of new network services ?
applications to the broader Internet community3
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Tele+hone-based Wireless
Internet 9ccess *om+eting < standards
>#
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Wireless Internet 9ccess
0et1ork Technologies Wi-/i
(igh-speed, 7!ed broadband wireless L*) 9WL*);3Ei/erent versions for home and business market3 Limited
range3 Wia7
(igh-speed, medium range broadband wirelessmetropolitan area network
Bluetooth Low-speed, short range connection
5ltra-Wideband (5WB) Low power, short-range high bandwidth network
Jigbee #hort-range, low-power wireless network technology for
remotely controlling digital devices
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Wi-/i 0et1orks
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Bene.ts of Internet II
Technologies I$ multicasting: 'nables eAcient delivery of data to many locations on a
network
6atency solutions: di/serv 9di/erentiated 8uality of service; *ssigns di/erent levels of priority to packets depending on type of
data being transmitted
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I$ multicasting:
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evelo+ment of the Web
!?!#!!: Web invented $im Gerners-Lee at C'&)($
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@y+erte7t
Te7t formatted 1ith
embedded links
Way of formatting pages with embedded links
that connect documents to one another, and
to other obects such as sound, video, or
animation 7les
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@y+erte7t5ses @y+erte7t Transfer $rotocol
(@TT$) and 546s to locate resourceson the Web
e3g3, "&L
http0%%megacorp3com%content%features%15413html
http - the protocol used to display Web pages
megacorp3com = domain name
content%features = directory path that identi7es where on
the domain web server the page is stored
15413html = document name ? its format
Web 2ervers and Web
http://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.htmlhttp://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.htmlhttp://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.htmlhttp://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.htmlhttp://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.htmlhttp://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.htmlhttp://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.htmlhttp://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.htmlhttp://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.htmlhttp://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.html
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Web 2ervers and Web*lientsWeb server soft1are:
'nables a computer to deliver Web pages to clients on a
network that re8uest this service by sending an ($$P re8uest
*pache and
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Web Bro1sers
$rimary +ur+ose to dis+layWeb +ages
Internet E7+lorer and /irefo7dominate the market
;ther bro1sers include:>oogle Chrome
*pple’s #afari
Opera
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;nline /orums and *hat
;nline forum: *F* message board, bulletin board, discussion
board, discussion group, board or forum
Web application that enables Internet users tocommunicate with each other, although not in realtime
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*ookies
2mall te7t .les de+osited by Website on userKs com+uter to storeinformation about user% accessed
1hen user ne7t visits Web site*an hel+ +ersonalie Web site
e7+erience
*an +ose +rivacy threat
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Web F> /eatures and 2ervices
$odcasting*udio presentation stored as an audio 7le and
available for download from Web
Wikis*llows user to easily add and edit content on
Web page
usic and video servicesOnline video viewingEigital video on demand
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Web F> /eatures and 2ervices
Internet tele+hony (L;I$)oice over Internet Protocol 9OIP; uses
Internet to transmit voice communication
Internet television (I$TL)Lideo conferencing and
tele+resence
;nline soft1are and Web servicesWeb apps, widgets, and gadgets
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obile 9++s
5se of mobile a++s has e7+loded inF>:5M of "3#3 consumers use mobile devices to
research products and services+1M have made purchase using mobile devices
$latforms: i$hone8i$ad% 9ndroid%Blackberry
9++ market+laces: 9ndroid arket%9++leKs 9++ 2tore% 4IKs 9++ World
