E-cigarettes: Craving, Quitting & Addictive Potential - keeping up with a rapidly evolving phenomena Dr. Lynne Dawkins Drugs and Addictive Behaviours Research Group (DABRG), School of Psychology http://www.uel.ac.uk/psychology/researc h/drugs SSA, York, November 2014
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E-cigarettes: Craving, Quitting & Addictive Potential - keeping up with a rapidly evolving phenomena Dr. Lynne Dawkins Drugs and Addictive Behaviours Research.
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E-cigarettes: Craving, Quitting & Addictive Potential - keeping up with a rapidly evolving phenomena
Dr. Lynne DawkinsDrugs and Addictive Behaviours Research Group (DABRG), School of Psychology
• E-cigarette Industry: – Research funding– Conference funding– Received products for research
• Tobacco Industry: – No conflict of interest
• Pharmaceutical Industry: – No conflict of interest
Overview
• Introduction to E-cigarettes (EC)• Effects on craving & withdrawal symptoms• Blood nicotine delivery• Addictiveness• Effectiveness for smoking cessation
First Generation EC
Second Generation EC
Third Generation EC (‘mods’)
Effects on Craving & Withdrawal Symptoms (WS)
• EC (1st gen) can reduce craving & WS in deprived smokers; not as effective as tobacco cigarettes (Bullen et al., 2010, Tob Con, 19; Vansickel et al., 2010, Can Epid Bio Prev, 19)
• Placebo (0mg nicotine) EC (1st gen) also associated with decline in craving after 5 mins.(Dawkins et al., 2012, Add Beh, 37)
Novice users’ experiences of EC use over one week
• ‘...I nearly fell out of a tree about 60 foot up and it was a real adrenaline boost and I needed something to take that away...that was the only time it really didn’t kick, you know, the craving away.’
• ‘I was sat in this French cafe and there’s just people all around me smoking and it’s like, nah, I just need to get out of here now... It (the EC) just wasn’t taking the edge off it’
Lawson, Cahill & Dawkins (2013); UKNSCC poster
Craving and WS: 2nd generation (refillable) devices
• Lower craving & WS after using nicotine vs. placebo (2nd gen) EC (Dawkins, Turner & Crowe, 2013;).
• Disposable cigalike vs. refillable device: both equally effective at reducing craving and WS (Dawkins et al., under review)
1st vs. 3rd generation devices
• 23 experienced EC users used a 1st gen cartomiser and 3rd gen device
• In 3rd generation condition:
– ‘Craving to vape’ lower (p<0.001)
– Satisfaction and hit higher (p<0.01)
– Plasma nicotine levels higher at all time points (p<0.001)