E- ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED 2015-2016 Department of ECE, DSCE Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of problem Lack of mobility in certain group of dependents and disabled people forces them to spend a lot of time at home. In many cases this limitation bounds them within the four walls of a specific room such as bedroom or living room in the house, where the security of such dependent population becomes a matter of concern when they are alone. Reducing the digital divide by using simpler and semi-automatic techniques leads to better adaptability in this age group and easy access for people with disabilities. In recent years, the elderly population (age 60+) in the India has rapidly expanded and continues to grow at an exponential rate. In the United States, the current size of the elderly population is approximately 35 million and it is projected to be 53 million by 2020 and 77 million by 2040.Within this population, several people have one or more disabilities as well as difficulty performing normal activities of daily living.In 1995, 52.5% of the elderly population reported having at least one disability and about one-third reported having a severe disability.Usually they have health issues and bad physical mobility, and sometimes, when they have some type of problem, it is complicated for the authorities or the health care services to notice that they are in trouble. 1.2 Objective The objective of this project is to design a home which helps the people above the age of 60 and with disabilities, to operate devices such as lights, fans, etc., inside the house with minimal technical hindrance, so that their reluctance to adapt to latest technology can be taken care of. It also incorporates pre-defined actions in case of any internal threats. It implements the algorithm for speech processing (light, fan, water heater) and wireless sensor network for controlling the home appliances (gas, temperature, fire). It also incorporates the sensor module for automatic control.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
E- ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED 2015-2016
Department of ECE, DSCE Page 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of problem Lack of mobility in certain group of dependents and disabled people forces them
to spend a lot of time at home. In many cases this limitation bounds them within the four
walls of a specific room such as bedroom or living room in the house, where the security
of such dependent population becomes a matter of concern when they are alone.
Reducing the digital divide by using simpler and semi-automatic techniques leads to
better adaptability in this age group and easy access for people with disabilities.
In recent years, the elderly population (age 60+) in the India has rapidly expanded
and continues to grow at an exponential rate. In the United States, the current size of the
elderly population is approximately 35 million and it is projected to be 53 million by
2020 and 77 million by 2040.Within this population, several people have one or more
disabilities as well as difficulty performing normal activities of daily living.In 1995,
52.5% of the elderly population reported having at least one disability and about one-third
reported having a severe disability.Usually they have health issues and bad physical
mobility, and sometimes, when they have some type of problem, it is complicated for the
authorities or the health care services to notice that they are in trouble.
1.2 Objective
The objective of this project is to design a home which helps the people above the
age of 60 and with disabilities, to operate devices such as lights, fans, etc., inside the
house with minimal technical hindrance, so that their reluctance to adapt to latest
technology can be taken care of. It also incorporates pre-defined actions in case of any
internal threats. It implements the algorithm for speech processing (light, fan, water
heater) and wireless sensor network for controlling the home appliances (gas,
temperature, fire). It also incorporates the sensor module for automatic control.
E- ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED 2015-2016
Department of ECE, DSCE Page 2
1.3 Motivation
Nowadays the presence of home automation and environmental control systems in
homes and in public buildings has been increased. These systems are capable of
automating a home through energy management, safety, welfare and communication
allowing a more efficient use of energy available and therefore contribute greatly to the
sustainable development of our society. There are several different home automation
technologies around the world for choosing, with their own advantages and
disadvantages. With the popularity of mobile devices today and the emergence of smart
home devices, the general population is becoming more and more comfortable with their
use. There have been multiple attempts to use these devices to control and communicate
with home appliances remotely; creating what is known as the Internet of Things (IoT).
However, a key challenge of using these smart devices is that many of their Graphical
User Interface (GUI) controls are difficult to be used by the disabled.
1.4 Solutions
A speech processing module is used to record the voice of the member in the
house. The recorded speech is then processed and the processed data is sent to the
microcontroller to switch on/off the devices. Different sensors are incorporated which
works automatically without any manual interference. The two independent sensors
implemented in this project are Gas sensor and Smoke sensor. Whenever there is any
unwanted smoke or gas leakage, an alarm will be raised. A GSM module is used, which
sends a message to the registered mobile in case of any such threat. The gas sensor part is
linked with a solenoid valve, which automatically cuts the LPG supply from the pipe
itself.
Another featured solution is automatic working of devices, namely fan and lights
through temperature sensor and LDR. The fan is automatically switched on when the
temperature crosses a predefined threshold level and switched off when at normal
temperature. LDR makes sure that there is sufficient sunlight inside the room, if not,
lights will switch on automatically. The user has a choice to switch between automatic
working of these components or control them manually.
E- ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED 2015-2016
Department of ECE, DSCE Page 3
1.5 Report Organisation This report is presented in 7 chapters and is organized as follows:
Chapter 2 gives the literature review on existing home automation and security
methodologies such as Web based automation, B-Live home, Home theatre personal
computers, home automation using BUI (Brain User Interface).
Chapter 3 explains the methodology adopted to achieve the objectives and detailed
explanation of the block diagram and different functional components in the project.
Chapter 4 gives the description of different hardware components used along with their
working and software invoking methods and software description.
Chapter 5 highlights the results of different sensors, GSM module and devices connected
through relays and output is displayed on the LCD.
Chapter 6 presents the advantages, conclusion and future scope of the project work.
E- ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED 2015-2016
Department of ECE, DSCE Page 4
LITERATURE SURVEY
The following literature survey will help in analysing the project requirements and
also detailed study of challenges in the existing system.
This paper “Home Automation to Promote Independent Living in Elderly
Population” by A. M. Cole and B. Q. Tran [1] designs a toolkit for independent living has
been developed to monitor activity and automate daily tasks and routines for elderly
persons living at home. Off-the-shelf components manufactured by x10, Inc., which
operate via radio frequency and power line carrier technology, can be integrated into
existing living environments to promote home security, home safety, and independent
living. Accompanying software has been developed to passively monitor and trend
activity patterns within the home in order to predict changes in health status and early
onset of chronic illness. The independent living toolkit serves to promote health
maintenance and active engagement within the aging population.
This paper “Home Automation based Sensor System for Monitoring Elderly
People Safety” by J. A. Nazabal.... [2] describes the work to develop a low cost home
automation based sensor system for remote monitoring the behaviour of elder people at
their own homes. With a combination of data obtained from strategically placed sensors
and a series of editable rules, an abnormal behaviour can be detected and the
corresponding action taken.
This paper “B-Live - A Home Automation System for Disabled and Elderly
People” by Vasco Santos.... [3] describes the architecture, operation and implementation
of the B-Live home automation system. This system has been developed at Micro I/O for
assisting elderly and disabled people in their homes. The paper also discusses the
demonstrator deployed at the CMRRC RoviscoPais and proposes an improved
information exchange mechanism for the B-Live system.
This paper “Design and Implementation of a Wi-Fi Based Home Automation
System” by Ahmed ElShafee and Karim AlaaHamed [4] presents a design and prototype
implementation of new home automation system that uses Wi-Fi technology as a network
infrastructure connecting its parts. The proposed system consists of two main
components; the first part is the server (web server), which presents system core that
manages, controls, and monitors users’ home. Users and system administrator can locally
E- ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED 2015-2016
Department of ECE, DSCE Page 5
(LAN) or remotely (internet) manages and control system code. Second part is hardware
interface module, which provides appropriate interface to sensors and actuator of home
automation system. Unlike most of available home automation system in the market the
proposed here system is scalable that one server can manage many hardware interface
modules as long as it exists on Wi-Fi network coverage. System supports a wide range of
home automation devices like power management components, and security components.
The proposed system is better from the scalability and flexibility point of view than the
commercially available home automation systems.
This paper “Vision-Based Displacement Sensor for People with Serious Spinal
Cord Injury” by Chao Zhang.... [5] explains that spinal injuries occur due to accidents,
such as traffic accidents, accidental falls both on the job and at home and sports accidents.
In the case of serious spinal cord injury patient’s physical abilities are mostly limited to
the neck and head. This paper develops a vision-based interface system for these serious
disabled patients with such as spinal injuries. The system consists of one web video
camera and a desktop computer. In this paper a robust object search algorithm is
developed. It enables accurate measurement of displacement by tracking features on the
patient’s face without any other sensors. The efficacy of the vision-based interface system
for measuring dynamic facial movement was demonstrated through a comparison with a
previously developed system to use conventional template matching algorithm.
This paper “Augmented Reality Control Home (ARCH) for Disabled and Elderly”
by Leroy Zi Wei Tang.... [6] describes that partially disabled people and elderly need care
givers in their daily routine, including performing simple activities such as reaching out
for switches and electrical appliances. The ageing population in Singapore has increased
tremendously which will lead to more demand for care givers and domestic helpers. But
they incur much cost. With the popularity of mobile devices and the emergence of smart
home devices today, it is possible to control and communicate with home appliances
remotely. In this paper, we will describe how we implemented augmented reality, voice
control & web server to control these home electrical appliances for elderly and disabled.
This paper “Improving the quality of life of dependent and disabled people
through home automation and Tele-assistance” by AnidoRifon.... [7] describes lack of
mobility in certain groups of dependents forces them to spend a lot of time at home. In
many cases, this limitation makes these people to stay most of the time in a specific room
E- ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED 2015-2016
Department of ECE, DSCE Page 6
in their houses such as the bedroom or living room, where the only means of
entertainment and information gathering is the TV set. Most of present-day households
have a personal computer, but the digital divide and lack of adaptation produces certain
rejection in this population group. This paper discusses a proposal that leverages the
familiar TV set to be used as the user interface for a complete Tele-assistance system and
control centre of home automation devices. For this, the system makes use of a Home
Theatre Personal Computer (HTPC) connected to the TV and offers the features like the
monitoring and remote monitoring of a wide range of vital signs, intelligent adaptation of
services and interfaces according to the level and type of disability, and centralized
control of home automation devices installed at home.
This paper “Review On: Home Automation System for Disabled People Using
BCI” by S.P.Pande1 and PravinSen [8] describes the development in home automation is
moving forward towards the future in creating the ideal smart homes environment.
Optionally, home automation system design also been develop for certain situation which
for those who need a special attention such as old age person, sick patients, and
handicapped person. A brain computer interface (BCI), often called a mind-machine
interface (MMI), or sometimes called a brain machine interface (BMI), it is a direct
communication pathway between the brain and an external device. A brain computer
interface (BCI) is a device that enables severely disabled people to communicate and
interact with their environments using their brain waves. Most research investigating BCI
in humans has used scalp-recorded electroencephalography or intracranial
electrocorticography. The use of brain signals obtained directly from stereotactic depth
electrodes to control a BCI has not previously been explored. In this paper, we present a
smart home automation system using brain computer interface. The scope of this research
work will include the control and monitoring system for home appliances from Graphical
User Interface (GUI) using brain computer interface that use an input source and being
control wirelessly. The research methodology involved is application of knowledge in the
field of radio frequency communication, microcontroller and computer programming.
Finally, the result will be observed and analyze to obtain better solution in the future.
E- ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED 2015-2016
Department of ECE, DSCE Page 7
METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig. 3.1: General block diagram General block diagram of E- Assistance for Elderly and Disabled is shown in figure
3.1. The microcontroller is the heart of the model. It receives the signals from different
sensors through the ADC and executes the actions accordingly. The 4- bit digital data is
also fed as an input to the controller and the output is given to the driver and relay circuit
to drive different components. The different values of the sensors and their corresponding
changes are displayed on the LCD. A switch is provided for the user to select between
manual and automatic working of temperature sensor and LDR. The output unit consists
of a GSM module, which is used for sending messages. The solenoid valve is used to
E- ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED 2015-2016
Department of ECE, DSCE Page 8
block the LPG pipe in case of any unwanted gas leakage. An alarm is raised in case of
unwanted smoke or gas leakage.
3.2 WORKING
The sensor network consists of four different sensors, namely Gas sensor, Smoke
sensor, Temperature sensor and LDR. The temperature sensor senses the surrounding
temperature and if the temperature is above a predefined value, it automatically switches
on the fan as shown in this project. The LDR ensures that there is enough sunlight inside
a room. If not, then its conductivity increases and it automatically switches on the lights
in the rooms. This process also ensures conservation of energy. The temperature and LDR
values are sent to the microcontroller, the output from the microcontroller is given to the
driver and it drives the relays which in turn control the devices. This process ensures
complete security and comfort for the elderly and disables people.
The devices can also be controlled manually by using the Speech Processing
module. The toggle switch has to be turned into manual mode; the user can record up to
14 different voices, to control 7 devices or different user to control different devices.
Each voice sample can be up to 2 seconds and control the devices through the relays.
The Gas sensor can be located on the top of the LPG cylinder. The solenoid valve
functions in accordance with the gas sensor. When in normal working of the cylinder, the
solenoid remains in on position. When there is an unwanted leakage, the gas sensor
senses the leakage and raises an alarm. The solenoid valve is then turned off and the LPG
supply is cut from the main cylinder. Simultaneously, a message is sent to the registered
mobile regarding the same.
The smoke sensor works in a similar manner. Any unwanted smoke, if detected
inside the house, raises an alarm and a message is sent to the same registered mobile
number regarding the same.
E- ASSISTANCE FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED 2015-2016
Department of ECE, DSCE Page 9
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
In this chapter we will have an Introduction to Microprocessors, Microprocessors
Basics, Types of Microcontrollers, Instruction set and Memory architecture of each
microcontroller, comparison between microcontrollers, why PIC Microcontrollers, Types
of PIC, why PIC 16F877A, Pin diagram and its description, Architecture, ADC, UART,
smoke sensor, temperature sensor, gas sensor, LDR, GSM, speech module, buzzer, driver
and relay, solenoid valve, switch, LCD and the software to give a decent idea about the
components used in this project.
4.1 MICROCONTROLLER UNIT
4.1.1 Introduction A microcontroller (μC or uC) is a solitary chip microcomputer fabricated from
VLSI fabrication. A micro controller is also known as embedded controller. Today
various types of microcontrollers are available in market with different word lengths such
as 4bit, 8bit, 64bit and 128bit microcontrollers. Microcontroller is a compressed
microcomputer manufactured to control the functions of embedded systems in office
machines, robots, home appliances, motor vehicles, and a number of other gadgets. A
microcontroller comprises of components like – memory, peripherals and most
importantly a processor. Microcontrollers are basically employed in devices that need a
degree of control to be applied by the user of the device.
4.1.2 Types of Microcontrollers
Microcontrollers are divided into categories according to their memory, architecture, bits
and instruction sets. So let’s discuss types of microcontrollers:-