E-235 VOL. 14 SecM98-525 EGAT -INVESTMENT ......International Bank for Reconstruction and Development E-235 VOL. 14 SecM98-525FRO.MI: The Secretary July 2, 1998 THAILAND EGAT -INVESTMENT

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

E-235 VOL. 14 SecM98-525

FRO.MI: The Secretary July 2, 1998

THAILANDEGAT - INVESTMENT PROGRAM SUPPORT PROJECT

PARTIAL CREDIT GUARANTEE FOR 2X$300 MILLION BOND ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY

I. Attached is the environmental assessment summary for the EGAT - InvestmentProgram Support Project. The proposed Project would provide IBRD's Partial CreditGuarantee for each of two bond issues, each of approximately US$300 million, in theThai fiscal years (October 1 to September 30) FY1998 and FY1999 respectively, to meetIpart of the finan.ing gap for EGAT 'investments during the period FY1998 - FY2000, forpower generation and transmission facilities whose implementation has alreadycommenced. Specifically, the sub-projects are:. (a) generation: (i) the 300 MW KrabiThennal Unit 1; (ii) the 2x700 MW Ratchaburi Thermal Units I and 2; (iii) the3x600MW Ratchaburi Combined Cycle Blocks 1-3; and (iv) the 600 MW Wang NoiCombined Cycle Block 2; and (b) transmission: (i) the 500 kV Transmission System for.evacuation of power from IPP plants in Thailand and the Hong Sa Project in Laos; (ii)strengthening of the Bulk Power Supply System for greater Bangkok, Stage 1; (iii) Stagen of the EGAT-TNB (Malaysia) Transrnission Interconnection; and (iv) the TransmissionSystem Expansion Project 9.

2. The environmental assessment summary was prepared by the borrower, theEietctricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT). Circulation of the summary doesnot signify evaluation or endorsement by the Bank. The environmental assessment issubject to further review and change during the appraisal process.

3. Questions may be referred to Mr. Darayes Mehta (ext. 80472).

Distribution

Executive Directors and AlternativesPresidentBank Group Senior MdnagementVice Presidents, Bank, IFC and MIGADirectors and Department Heads, Bank, IFC and MIGA

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EGAT - INVESTMENT PROGRAMSUPPORT PROJECT

WORLD BANK PARTIAL CREDITGUARANTEE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTASSESSMENT

BangkokJune 26, 1998

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The proposed project includes four generation components at three sites and fourtransmission components in various stages of completion. Generation Components:Krabi Thermal Unit 1 (300 MW); Ratchaburi Thermal Units 1-2 (2x700 MW) andCombined Cycle Blocks 1-3 (3x600 MW); and, Wong Noi Combined Cycle Stage 2 (600MW). Transmission Components: 500 kV Transmission System for IPPs; Strengtheningof Bulk Power Supply System for Greater Bangkok Area; EGAT-TNB (Malaysia) - Stage IIInterconnection; and Transmission System Expansion No. 9 (TS. 9). Executive Summariesof the environmental impact assessments (EA) or environmental impact analyses (EIA) ofeach component prepared by EGAT are attached.

Environmental Protection. Power plants and transmission lines are subject to stringentenvironmental standards in Thailand (more stringent than the Bank guidelines in general).The proposed generation facilities will utilize cleaner fuels like natural gas. Flu GasDesulfurization (FGD) will be installed for power plants at Rachaburi and Krabi (fuel oilwith 2% sulfur). The selected FGD systems represent commercially proven technologyand will be designed to remove at least 80% of sulfur at Krabi and 90% at Ratchaburi. Anenvironmental monitoring and management group will be instituted at each facility inorder to meet regulations, along with EGATs corporate policy goals and responsibility.

Environmental Considerations. In accordance with the Bank Operational Directive4.01 on Environmental Assessment, the overall project has been assigned Category 'A'.EGAT, with assistance of local and international consultants, prepared the EAs for thefour generation facilities (at three sites) and two transmission lines as required by theThailand's regulation. Focused EIAs for the remaining two transmission lines (notrequired by the Thailand's regulations) were prepared for the Bank project. All EAsrequired by the Thailand's regulation have been submitted and most of them approved bythe Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (OEPP) of National EnvironmentalBoard (NEB). The two transmission line EAs were reviewed by the Bank earlier as a partof another project and were found satisfactory. EGAT has provided addendum andexecutive summaries to the EAs for this project which provide updated information,further clarification and explanation. All eight components of the project have beendesigned and will be implemented in accordance with the modem concept ofenvironmental management and Thailand's regulations. EGAT is also consideringimplementation of ISO 14001 at their current generation facilities.

Fuel transport EAs for each generation facility (not financed under this project) have alsobeen prepared by fuel suppliers (e.g. Petroleum Authority of Thailand - PTT) andreviewed and approved by the OEPP in Thailand. These EAs have been sent to the Bank.

Generation Components. For power generation, EGAT has proposed to useenvironmentally friendly and clean natural gas at Wang Noi and Rachaburi Combinedcycle and 2% sulfur fuel oil for Rachaburi thermal and Krabi. FGD systems with at least

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80% efficiency at Rachaburi thermal and 90% at Krabi will be utilized to meet stringentsulfur dioxide emissions standards in Thailand. Particulates will also be partiallycontrolled by the FGD. The theoretical amount of particulate emissions at Ratchaburithermal and Krabi are expected to be around 70 mg/Nm3 which is less than the 1988Bank guidelines (applicable when these power plants were designed and initiated butthese are higher than the 1998 guidelines of 50 mg/Nm3>. Dispersion modeling for the sitepredicted maximum ground level contribution of the power plant to be luss than 5 urnimnwhich is minimal. Considering the location of these facilities, further particulate controlis not needed. However, ambient monitoring will be conducted and if power plant isshown to be a major contributor to the exceedance of particulate standards, furthercontrols may be considered.

When possible, gypsum which is a by product of FGD will be utilized for constructionindustry. Nitrogen oxides will be controlled at each facility by low NOx burners, flue gasrecirculation and water injection as required to meet emissions standards. Continuousmonitoring for sulfur and nitrogen oxides and early warning systems for air pollution willbe instituted at each facility.

Water usage will be minimized by employing close loop (or recirculating cycle) coolingsystems. Water intakes will be pretreated and discharges will be controlled to meet Thaistandards and World Bank guidelines. A holding pond, water reservoir and a waste watertreatment system will be constructed to reduce discharge water temperature. Whenrequired, water will be neutralized before being discharged. Oil/water separators areprovided at oil storage and handling areas, and sanitary sewage would be treated. Net andother methods to prevent fish entering the inlet water pipes will be employed.

EGAT facilities will be surrounded with visual screens like greenbelt and other barriers toreduce noise and intrusion. Noisy activities (mine blasting) will be conducted only duringthe day time and in coordination with the local authority.

Transmission Components. In selection of routes for transmission lines andsubstation sites, EGAT uses design criteria to minimize environmental impacts on forest,wildlife, watershed areas, populations, archeological sites. and scenery. Transmissionline right of ways are not to be located through: (a) restricted Class IA watershed area,according to laws and regulations; and, (b) holy places, archeological sites andgovernment sites. Transmission line right of ways should also avoid: (a) watershed areaclass IB, Class C forest conservation areas, mangrove forest, national parks and otherconservation areas; (b) community and developed areas; (c) lines should be in parallelwith or close to telephone and telegraph cables for a long distance to avoid interference;and, (d) airports.

Detailed Route Surveys. Before construction of the transmission system, detailed routesurveys will be performed by EGAT staff together with the Royal Forest Department(RFD). The number of forest trees to be cut will be documented. In addition, final route

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selection adjustments to avoid dwellings and circumvent other areas of potential negativeimpact will be made, according to EGATs environmental design criteria.

Construction. EGATs guidelines for construction activities are: (a) avoid installation ofnew access roads for construction purposes; try to utilize existing trails; (b) nocutting of trees over the limitations set by RFD; and, (c) clean up construction sitesupon completion of construction work.

Maintenance of the Right of Way. Along the valleys, only trees considered to behazardous to the stability of the transmission system would be cut down. Landownersare permitted to cultivate economic crops along the right of way corridors. Uponcompletion of transmission line construction work, ground cover around the towers willbe planted and land contouring will be done as required to provide a protective coveringfor the earth and to prevent soil erosion. No herbicides are used in right of waymaintenance.

Environmental Management and Monitoring. For all components in this project,environmental aspects have been taken into consideration and should cause minimaldisturbance to the human and natural environment. An environmental managementprogram consisting of mitigation, monitoring, and action plans at the plant level havebeen incorporated into the project to confirm environmental performance on a sustainablebasis. Monitoring will be conducted at each facility for air and water effluent quality,noise. ground water hvdrologv and qualitv. aauatic ecologv. solid waste management.socio-economic indicators, public health and safety.

Analysis of Alternatives. In planning and development analysis, EGAT takes intoaccount the alternatives for: site locations, fuel type and transport, and gypsum supply anddispo,sal when FGD is utilized. Before the projects are included in the formal powersector development (PDP) analyses of: feasibility; alternatives; fuel availability bothlocally and in the international markets; flexibility and reliability of fuel supply; transportoptions; initial environmental impacts; land availability and ownership; extent ofresettlement; socio-economic impact; political and international treaties; and others areperformed by EGAT along with local and international consultants. EGAT also takes intoaccount the Government of Thailand's needs related to energy security by diversifyingfuel -use and sites. The projects that satisfy these criteria, are further processed through aprogram called PRO-SCREEN for prioritization and inclusion in PDP. All componentsunder considerations in this project were selected after an extensive analysis as describedabove.

Public Consultation. EGATs corporate policy requires public participation and seekstheir acceptance of the development project. For the components in this project, EGATsobjectives in public consultation was to obtain the opinions, needs, problems andobstacles of the people and communities living in the operational areas, as well asdisseminating accurate information about the project. Local communities, leaders, andgovernment and non-governmental organizations (NGO) were canvassed and requested

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recommendations. Several public meetings were held at each of the project site to discussconcerns, mitigation measures and seek resolutions. Alternatives to the projects werediscussed with the local communities, as appropriate for each site as detailed in theproject specific environmental executive summaries. Even though public participation isincluded in EGAT policy, the timing, transparency and public awareness of planningconsiderations in project selection will be further improved.

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Executive summaryKrabi Thermal Power Plant Unit 1 and 2

Environmental Impact Assessment

1. Introduction: The Krabi Thermal Power Plant Unit I and 2 will be located atTambon Khlong Khanan, King Amphoe Nua Khlong, Changwat Krabi. The plant will use oil(2% sulphur) as main fuel source. The nominal capacity for each unit is 300 MW. The proposedpower plant would be located within EGAT premises near the old lignite-fired Krabi PowerPlant which was decommissioned in September of 1995. Civil works had just begun on site asof June, 1998.

2. Fuel Transportation: The Krabi Power Plant will use domestic or imported oil. Thebarge transport EIA has been submitted to the Thailand Office of Environmental Policy andPlanning (OEPP). Oil would be transfered from ships to 1,000 ton barges, through an estuary(24 km) to a dock near the power station, and then via pipeline to the power station.Preliminary analysis indicates an alternative for cost and environmental reasons may be apipeline from an offshore ship loading facility, to an underground pipeline (16 km) along anexisting road right of way to the power station. This alternative is under study; if thisalternative is preferred, the Pipeline EIA would be subject to review by the World Bank afterapproval by OEPP.

3 Fuel Storage: Backup fuel (diesel and heavy stock) would be stored in abovegroundtanks with environmental safeguards including: impermeable diked storage areas; grounding;high and low level alarms; and fire fighting systems. Emergency spill and firefighting planshave been develnped and an arccident prevention program would bp institd. Fie protecion.systems within the power plant area and vicinity will be designed according to National FireProtection Association (NFPA) Standards. The facility Emergency Plan covers fire andexplosion. A spill prevention, control and response plan will be added to the site EmergencyPlan, and added to the emergency response drill routine.

4. Hazardous Chemical Containment and Storage: All chemical storage tanks,solution tanks, and chemical feed pumps will be located on curbed concrete containmentareas drained through separate chemical waste collection piping to a neutralization basin or achemical waste collection sump. A curbed concrete area will be provided with a chemical-resistant coating suitable for the particular service. As a minimum, the combined volume ofthe curbed area and the associated neutralization basin or waste sump will be adequate tocontain the entire volume of the largest single tank served. A spill prevention, control andresponse plan will be added to the site Emergency Plan, and added to the emergency responsedrill routine.

5. Chlorine: The chlorination station for the condenser cooling water will be equippedwith a leak detection and alarm system, wind sock, leak stemming gear and personnelprotective equipment, including self contained breathing apparatus. A chlorine leakageresponse scenario will be added to the plant emergency plan, and leak response drillsundertaken as part of the emergency response drill routine.

6. Water Demand and Raw Water Sources: During operation water will be used forsteam production, S02 removal system, and domestic consumption. The main sources of raw

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water tor tne aDove purposes are two existing reservoirs. Kaw water wouli be pre-treatea Dyclarification, filtration, and chlorination. Make up water for the circulating cooling systemwould be drawn from Khlong Pakasai, and would amount to only 4.5% of the minimum flowrate of Khlong Pakasai. Water quality in Khlong Pakasai has been found to meet standards.

7. Wastewater Treatment: Oil handling areas would be drained through oil/waterseparators and then to the holding pond. Chemical area drains and the demineralisation planteffluent would be treated in a neutralisation basin prior to discharge to the holding pond.Sewage will be treated to meet Ministrv of Lndust-y discharge standuards before discharge intothe wastewater holding pond. Wastewater treatment facilities are meet Thai and World Bankdischarge standards at the treatment unit. The holding pond discharge would amount to less thanone percent of the flow of Khlong Pakasai.

8. Ambient Air Quality: Since the lignite-fired Krabi power station wasdecommissioned, ambient air quality has been well below limits for pollutants; there are noother significant sources of air pollution in the vicinity. One year of meteorological data wasused in dispersion modelling, while ambient baseline air quality was sampled in wet and dryseasons. Modelling results indicate that ground level concentrations of NO2, S02 and TSP arewithin Thai and World Bank standards when the FGD is in operation.

9. Enission Control System: Sulphur Dioxide and dust will be controlled by a wetlimestone Flue Gas Desulfurization System (FGD) with a minimum of 80% efficiency prior toemission. An emergency plan has been adopted in case of FGD malfunction, since dispersionmodelling indicates unacceptable air quality would result. The operation of the power plant willbe stopped within 10 minutes after the signal of FGD break down is shown. Stopping theoperation of the thermal power plant with FGD system can be done immediately since there isenough Reserved Margin in the system. There will be 2 units of power plant; stopping operationof one 300 MW unit would not affect the total national electricity demand. In case the FGDbreaks down but it is necessary to continue operation of the power plant, diesel fuel would beused with the oil, and generation would be reduced.

10. Solid Waste Management: Gypsum will be generated from operation of the FGD's.This by-product will be transported to an existing mine pit within EGAT's premises withcapacity of about 10 MCM, sufficient for the 25 year operating life of the power plant.Wastewater treatment plant sludge will also be disposed in an onsite mine pit, according toregulations of the Ministry of Industry for sanitary landfills. Domestic waste will be removedand disposed of properly by the Nua Khlong Sanitary District. Used resin will be sent back tothe supplier as designated in the contract. If necessary, it can be buried in the area in accordancewith the regulations on waste landfill of the Ministry of Industry. Used oil will be bumed withthe fuel.

11. Analysis of Alternatives: Two alternatives for fuel, oil versus imported coal, werestudied. Two alternative gypsum disposal sites were considered, and two alternatives for fueltransport. Dispersion modelling was used to determine the need for FGD, and the response toFGD malfunction.

12. Cultural and Aesthetic Resources: The nearest archaeological sites, (which havebeen vandalized over the years) are 5.5 and 13 kIm from the power station, and would not beimpacted. Aesthetic and tourist sites are at least 20 km from the power station, routes for

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transportation of construction materials are not access roads to tourist sites, and the plant site issurrounded by a visual screen of mangrove forest and rubber plantations.

13. Public Consultation: EGAT's objectives included: assessing public opinion, needs,problems and obstacles relating to the project from the peopie and communities living in theoperational project area, as well as disseminating accurate information about the project. Localcommunities were canvassed, local leaders, govemment and non-governmental groups. NGO'scontacted included local business and the Krabi Environmental Conservation Society. Threepublic meetings and were held during February - April, 1996, to present project andenvironmental analysis progress, and for gathering needs, opinions, and recommendations.Environmental concerns raised at these meetings included concern over the barge fuel transportoption, and oil spill prevention and response measures; need for accurate information about thepower station boundary; worry that the use of fuel oil could have an impact on local shrimping;and concern over the use of low grade fuel oil and sulphur emissions. EGAT responded to theseconcerns, including explanation of the use of only low sulphur fuel oil, as well as the FGDemissions control system; oil spill response and control measures, and analysis of a pipeline asan alternative fuel oil transport method.

14. Environmental Management and Monitoring: An environmental managementunit will be instituted at the power station, responsible for carrying out the monitoring plan,reporting performance, environmental training, and follow up with management. Theenvironmental unit would report directly to the Plant Manager. The environmental monitoringplan covers the construction period as well as ongoing operations, and includes: effluent andsurface water quality; noise; groundwater hydrology and quality; aquatic ecology; solid wastem..anagem-ent; transportation; srocior%ntn mic indicators; public health-; nennatinnal health andsafety and public relations. The monitoring plan includes continuous air emissions and ambientair quality monitoring during operations.

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES FORKRABI THERMAL POWEFI PLANT PROJECT

Environmental Period Impact Mitigtion MonitoringAspect

Air Quality Construction - Parliculate matter and emission from - Spray water on the cleared surface twice daily TSP, PM toengine and vehicles. - Limit the traveling speed within the construction site at 30 km/hr. twice yearly

- Wash the wheel of the truck before leavingconstruction site.- Cover the truck with canvas to reduce dust,sand blowing.

80 % efficient FCDOperation SO0 emission will be mainly from fuel Partial shutdown of generation when FGD is off line stack emission, continuous:

burning Stack will be at least 150 m high, greater than local inversion level. SO2 NOx

low NOx buirners, flue gas recirculation limestone crusher, twiceyearly: TSP, PM4,0.

NOx emissions Water spray flor dust controlambient air, continuous: SO,

Dust from grinding and limestone NOx, TSP, PMI 10. windcrushing process speed and direction

Noise Operation Power plant Personal Protective equipment should be provide of staff 4 sites, 3 days every 6Noise level outside plant is acceptable months;

Explosion, at the limestone quarry The time for Iblasting should publicized to the communities. crusher 4 timesfyearlhe alarm shiuld be used to declare before blasting.

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Environmental Period Impact Mitigation hMonitoringApect _ _ _ _

Sutface Water Construction - withdrawal - minimal impactHydrology Operation - withdrawal - closed cycle cooling, withdrawal is 0.44 % of minimum

flow of khlongSurface Water Construction - The construction might be -Construct temporary sump, capacity or 3 hr, to collect Khlong Pakasai, Khlong Phela, 2 EGATQuality cause the high turbidity and surface runoff from construction site reservoirs, every 6 months: temperature,

suspended solids - Install septic system for sanitary waste turbidity, TSS ,DO, TDS, BOD , O&G.- The wastewater treatment plant has to be as least Total & Fecal coli50 m from the waterway- Construct simple oil/grease trap for the wastewater fromconstruction camp.- Regularly check the perfornance or wastewatertreatment system.- Install septic systems adequate for EGAT staff andfamilies.

Operation pH from demineralization neutralization pit to holding pond before discharge a treatmenl facility or unit: pH and lempplant oil/water separators at all oily water drains continuous; O&G, rss, residual chlorine,oily water spill containment dikes in all oil storage and handling daily; Khlong Pakasai, Khlong Phela, 2 EGAT

areas reservoirs, every 6 months: temperature,thermal effluent closed cycle condenser cooling lowers turbidity, TSS ,DO, TDS. BODs O&G, Totalsanitary sewage package treatment plant & Fecal coli , Pb, Cr, Hg, N, cond, phosphate

______________._ P, sulfate S. color, hardnessGroundwater Construction - impact on groundwater level - No groundwater extraction for the project usage at four sites every 6 mos., const. & operation:Hydrology and level, color, cond., OsH, total solids, totalQuality Operation - Effluent leached from sludge - Proper disposal method for the sludge bed hardness, nitrate N, sulltate, chloride, total

beds and solid wastes disposal -Create barrier to conserve groundwater at the waste iron, total Mn, Total & Fecal colilorm;area disposal area such as lining the pit bottom with Additional groundwater wells near the

compacted clay blanket or geomembranes. Gypsum waste disposal area

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Environmental Period Impact Mitigation MonitoringAspect

Solid Waste Construction - Solid waste will generale - Prohibit dumping solid waste into khlong Pakasai and examine suitability of collection facilities andManagement from worker approximately EGAT's reservoir server

724 kg/day - Prohibit open burning on project site- Properly management of solid waste at project area- Prohibit dumping sclid waste into Khlong Pakasai andEGAT's reservoir

Operation - Solid waste will generate - Prohibit open burning on project site examine suitability of collection facilities andfrom staff at rate at 125 kg/day - Properly management of solid waste of project area. server- Gypsum will generated at the -The used resin will be sent back to the supplier asrate of 390-67 tons/day designaled in the contract.- The waste from water - Waste oil should be mixed with fuel oil of the powerproduction and wastewater plant.treatment system. - Strictly conducting according to the regulations on- Waste resin landfill of Ministry ol Industry.- Waste oil - Gypsum should be used.

Socio-economic Construction - Negative impact - Consultation with thie local villagers, consist of: socio-economic condition within construction- Inconveniences from dust, * Technical crileria camp, social profile of target villages,noise and truck * Safety process once/year- Accidents due to vehicle and * Accountability, act on complaintsheavy equipment * Present the preventive measure* Urbanization and * Present and setup training programdevelopment model mayagainst in way of life

Operation * Social problem may arise - Maintain process and frequency in public relation changes in income. lifestyle, PR, 'powerdue to the new comer - Stress on in depth public relation measure structure, employment, supplementary* It effect society, it the - Support the social activity occupations, migration: 5 seleciecl villagcs,standard in controlling Ist, 3rd, 5th, and every 5 years afierenvironment impact

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Environmental Period impact Mitiption MonitoringAspect M_____on_Monitoring

Public Health Construction - Disease or illnesses resulted - Use of impregnated mosquito nets and repellents. disease surveillance andfrom unsanitary camp - Blood examination measures to prevent transport- Problems of work injuries - Micro filaria of filariasis detected accidents, by medical case unitand accident Traffic accidents - Prevention of food/water-borne disease estiblished by contractor/Krabiloud noise, dust, and rubbish - Set up a medical care unit powver plant, every monthThe outbreak of Malaria, VD - Driver license inspectionand AIDS. - Improve of road condition and traffic sings

- Speed limiting- Checking of amphetamine distribution- Loud noise minimized- examine the worker to fiind the Malaria injection

- Provide the chemicals spreading at the camp site every 6 month.Public Health Operation The emitted SO2 NOx and -Air quality control through emissions controls; in 8 selected communitlies:, 1st.

particulates could impact the -continuous monitoring of enissions; 3rd, 5th, and every 5 years after:magnitudes of respiratory -monitoring -ptogram for local ambient air quality; analysis of community healthdiseases, skin disease, allergic -partial shutdown procedures for FOD malfunclions; statusdiseases. The short termi effect - Study on it effect on community health;of exhaust, smoke and - Mobile community health service;particles are soiling of houses - Public relation program;and clothes that cause - Traffic control accident.nuisance.- Accident from transportation _

Occupational Construction - Disease - All worker and risk group examined routiine training, safetyHealth and - Injuries and accident -- Established for warning system equiriment inspectionSafety - Safely education

- Regular inspection, corrected of deficiencies found- Emergency management plan and drills- Upgrading of or medical care unit

Operation - Chronic Health cffccts on - Analysis of employee's health record analy.Ais of health data bylung capacity, hearing, seeing, - Periodic physical checking mediL al case unit of plant everyheat, skin and musculoske1ctal - Safety education 3 years; routine inspection fordisease, Illness like burns, - The temperature (WBOT) should be routincly checked, mechanically safety, training and exercisc ofscaled, wound and inhalation adjust or use protective device as recommend by ECATs guideline. cmergency plan

I of volatile chemical I_ -

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Environmentl Period Impact Mitigation MonitorintgAspee t ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Public Construction poor perception of project, information program, and consultation on needs, perceptions in 7 selected com,munities:Consultation anxieti about impacts follow up on attitudics, opinions,

needs, distribute i nformationPublic Operation poor perception of project, continuously inform the community about the plant's environmental follow up on attitudes, opinions,Consultation Operation anxiety about impacts performance needs, distribute information

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The EMuent Quality of Krabi Thermal Power Plant Compared with World Bank Guidelines

Parameters Unit Power Plant Thai Standard' World Bank Guidelines RemarksEMuent (Maximum Value) (Maximum Value)

(Maximum Value) . ,

pH 6-9 5.5-9 6-9 Daily - Neutralization BasinTSS mgAI 150 50-150 50 Daily - Raw water treatmentBOD mg/I 20 20 - Daily - Wastewater Treatment

Oil & Grease mgAI 5 5 10 Daily - Oil SeparatorFree Chlorine mg/l I I - Daily - Cooling Tower Outlet

Residue Chlorine mg/I . 0.2Temperature Increase 0 C < 3 b < 3 Closed cycle Cooling Tower,

TDS mg/I TDS in river + 5,000 TDS in river + 5,000 - Effluent temp. equal to AmbientAluminum mg/I 0.5 - - water temp.

Arsenic mg/l 0.25 0.25Cadmium mg/l 0.03 0.03Chromium mgAI 0.5 0.75

Copper mg/l I 2

Note: a: Industrial Effluent Standard, Notification of Ministry of Industry No. 2 B.E. 2539 (A.D. 1996)b: Temperature Increase is based on Surface Water Quality Standard: Notification of National Environment Board No. 8 B.E. 2537

(A.D. 1994)

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Air Pollutants Emission For Kirabi Thermal Power Plant Prolect(2 % S Fuel Oil)

Pollutants Unit Power Plant EmissionSa Thai Emission Standards World Bank Guidelinesc Remarks(1997) ___ __

S02 ppm 286 412 700NO,, ppm 146 232 225TSP mg/Nm3 70 141 Sod

Note a,b,c: the concentration of pollutants is calculated at 3% excess O2, 0°Ca: based on power plant specificationb: Notification of Ministry of Industry No. I B.E. 2540 (1997)d: at the time the project was designed, the World Bank guideline (11988) was 100 mg/Nm3

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Maximum Ground Level Concentration Estimates For Krabi Thermal Power Plant Project

Pollutants Max GLC Thai Ambient Air World Bank Guidelines Flemarks(ugfm 3 ) Quality Standard (1994) (1997)

S02 -I hr. 90 780 80 % FGD- 24 hrs. 30 300 150 Efficiency

Annual Ave. 3 100 80N0 2-I hr. - 33 .320

- 24 hrs. 150- Annual Ave. 80

TSP -.24 hrs. TSP 4 PM l120, PM, 0 150Annual Ave. TSP I TSP 330 PM,o 50, TSP 80

PMlo 5,TSP 100

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Executive SummaryRatchaburi Power Plant Project

Environmental Impact Assessment

1. AritaIUuetioU: ThLle Xatciuazuri rower Plant Project will be iocated in subdistrictTambon Ban Rai, approximately 7 km northeast of Ratchaburi Province about 5 km. north ofMae Khlong River. The project will incorporate four 700 MW (nominal) supercritical,conventional heavy oil fired units and three 600 MW (nominal) combined cycle blocks, for atotal site development of 4,600 MW. The thermal units will burn residual fuel oil (2% sulfur)and/or natural gas and the combined cycle will burn natural gas as the primary fuel ordistillate oil as the back-up fuel. The area of the site is approximately 2,000 rai, and currentland use is rice cultivation and fishponds.

2. Fuel: Sources of natural gas for Ratchaburi Power Plant are developing productionregions located in the Gulf of Martaban, Union of Myanmar. Estimates of natural gas reservesand production are 5,700 billion cubic feet and 525 cubic feet per day respectively. Naturalgas pipelines will be extended from production wells across peninsular Myanmar and enterThailand at the border (Kanchanaburi Province), then continue to the Ratchaburi Power Plant.

3. Delivery of the residual (No. 6) fuel oil will be via a seaberth, fuel oil terminal and adedicated pipeline. The EIA for this pipeline to the power station has been finished. Ifalternative fuel delivery schemes are contemplated for the project, an additional EIA wouldbe required, and would have to pass review by OEPP and the World Bank.

4. Water Supply: The raw water supply (75.03 M.m3/year) will be provided from MaeKhlong River at Ban Bang Li via pipeline to an onsite-raw water reservoir. The water will bepretreated and will serve for all plant needs, including cooling water makeup (69.60 M.M3/year), potable water, general service water and demineralized water. The project will notcause any change in the hydrology of the river basin.

5. Condenser Cooling:- Wastewater from the closed cycle condenser cooling system ata maximum summertime temperature about 36 °C will be discharged into a holding pondbefore being relayed to a wastewater retention pond.

6. Baseline Ambient Air Quality: An eight month sampling program beforeconstruction found maximum background concentrations of S02 and NOx were less than 7perqent of the 1 hour and 24 hour national standards. TSP concentrations were higher,especially in the dry season, at about half the national standard.

7. Water Quality: Water quality in the Mae Khlong River is high in total and fecalcoliform counts. This may be due to the Ratchaburi Municipality and Lak Muang SanitaryDistrict wastewater discharges. Khlong Bang Pa irrigation drainage canal water quality ispoor (BOD5 4 - 23 mg/l) in the dry season, when the sluice is shut and the water stagnates.Khlong Bang Pa receives effluent from poultry and prawn farms.

8. Air Pollution Control for Thermal Units: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissionsfrom the thermnal unit will be controlled by a wet limestone FGD system, of 90% efficiency.The limestone source for the FGD is at Khao Ta Krao, Tambon Hin Kong, Amphoe Muang

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Ratchaburi Province. Limestone (1,056 tons/day) would be crushed at the power plant site;the EIA for the limestone quarry is currently under OEPP review.

9. Air Pollution Control for Combined Cycle: To control NOx, low NOx burnerswould be used. Each stack would be equipped with continuous on-line emissions monitoringsystems.

10. Wastewater: The wastewater sources to be recycled through an irrigation pondinclude: sewage treatIment plant acivate sl-uuge and extended aeration); and plant drainagethrough the oil/water separator. Water from the irrigation pond will be reused for gardeningand green area maintenance inside the plant boundary. Storm drainage from the power plantarea will be collected in a 100,000 cubic meter retention pond and pumped back to thereservoir for reuse.

11. Chemical wastewater and cooling tower blowdown would be discharged to theKhlong Bang Pa irrigation drainage canal, via an onsite holding pond. Air heater washwaterwill be routed to a lined pond for detention and treatment (pH adjustment, metals andsuspended solids reduction). Demineralization plant effluent would be neutralized. Theeffluent would have higher total dissolved solids (TDS) than the irrigation system drain'however, the effluent would meet the Royal Irrigation Department standard. The quality ofthe water discharged into Khlong Bang Pa would be better with respect to all otherparameters than the water currently in Khlong Bang Pa, furthermore, the discharge wouldincrease flow in the Khlong Bang Pa, which is stagnant during the dry season.

12. Solid Waste Disposal: The wastewater from the treatment system for circulatingwater makeup consists of an alkaline slurry which will be dewatered using a thickener andthen a filter press. The sludge will be landfilled, and an impermeable liner of clay or syntheticmaterial will be used to contain leachate. A groundwater monitoring program similar to theone for the plant site will be used for the gypsum landfill. The landfill area will beapproximately 600 rai (625 rai = I kmn2) and will also be used to colleck discharge from theFGD system, sludge from sewage treatment plant and solids from the air heater wastewatertreatment system. Gypsum by product from the FOD system is approximately 2,000 tons perday or 350,000 m3 per year will be dumped in the landfill area of 600 rai at approximate heapheight of 10 meter. The estimated volume about 9.6 million m 3 will serve for the 25 yearpower plant life. Alternative uses of gypsum are being evaluated.

13. . Hazardous Chemical Containment and Storage: All chemical storage tanks,solution tanks, and chemical feed pumps will be located on curbed concrete containmentareas drained through separate chemical waste collection piping to a neutralization basin or achemical waste collection sump. A curbed concrete area will be provided with a chemical-resistant coating suitable for the particular service. As a minimum, the combined volume ofthe curbed area and the associated neutralization basin or waste sump will be adequate tocontain the entire volume of the largest single tank served. A spill prevention, control andresponse plan will be added to the site Emergency Plan, and added to the emergency responsedrill routine.

14. Chlorine: The chlorination station for the condenser cooling water will be equippedwith a leak detection and alarm system, wind sock, leak stemming gear and personnelprotective equipment, including self contained breathing apparatus. A chlorine leakage

18

response scenario will be added to the plant Emergency Plan, and leak response drillsundertaken as part of the emergency response drill routine.

15. Fuel Oil Storage: Fuel oil will be stored in four tanks of 32 million liters capacityeach: a supply that would last fnr seven days of genera:ion. The combined cycie units willhave three 17 million liter diesel oil tanks, a supply that would also last for seven days ofgeneration. The area surrounding the fuel oil storage tanks will be designed to contain oilspills resulting from equipment failure or leaks occurring during norrnal operations. The oilcontainment will be berms constructed of compacted earth with liner or retaining walls builtof reinforced concrete. Design and performance must conform with the concerned MinistryAnnouncement and Act concerning oil storage B.E. 2474. (Modify no. 1-5 B.C. 2474-2530).Fuel oil piping will be routed above grade on pipe racks in order to facilitate detection andrepair of leaks. If for any reason the pipe must be located underground, it will be placed in aconcrete trench which will be drained to the oil/water separator. The facility Emergency Plancovers fire and explosion. A spill prevention, control and response plan will be added to thesite Emergency Plan, and added to the emergency response drill routine.

16. Analysis of Alternatives: Analyses of alternatives with respect to environmentalaspects included site selection, fuel delivery systems (separate EIA for pipelines, sea berth,undersea pipeline), FGD technology and wastewater discharge point. Two altematives, MaeKhlong River or Khlong Bang Pa irrigation drainage canal, were considered for dischargefrom the onsite wastewater holding pond (cooling tower blowdown and pH adjusteddemineralization plant effluent). The preferred alternative is to discharge to the irrigationdrainage ditch.

17. Environmental Management and Monitoring: An environmental managementunit will be instituted at the power station, responsible for carrying out the monitoring plan,reporting performance, and follow up with management. The environmental unit would reportdirectly to the plant manager. The environmental monitoring plan covers the construction periodas well as ongoing operations, and includes: effluent and surface water quaity; noise;groundwater hydrology and quality; aquatic ecology; solid waste management; transportation;socio-economic indicators; public health; and occupational health and safety. The monitoringplan includes continuous air emissions and ambient air quality monitoring during operations.

18. Public Consultation: Public consultation activities were undertaken from December,1995, until November, 1997. Meetings included heads of local and provincial administratives,Pikulthong Subdistrict Women's Group, Ban Choa Rai Nua Subdistrict women's Group, SamRtien Subdistrict Women's Group, and a Ratchaburi teacher's meeting.

19

RATCHABURI POWER PLANT PROJECTSUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION AND MONITORING PROGRAM

Environmental Impacts Mitigation Monitoring Location ofIssues Measurements Program Monitoring

Air Quality - Fugitive dust from - Water sprays of active - Twice a year ambient air - TSP&PM 10Construction Period construction activities areas quality monitoring for one monitoring sites:

-Emissions from - Vehicular speed ycar period before the plant I. Ban Bang Kradoconstruction reduction start-up. Monitoring the TSP 2. Ban Chao-Nauequipment and vehicular - Water sprays of & PM1,,24-h.S0. I and 24- 3. Bang Don Mot-transportation. truck's wheels h.NOx I-h and 03 1-h for 3 Tanoi

- Control handing of soil consecutive days in errh 4. Ban Kh!giKa.and construction materials operation. - SO,, NOx and 0O- Good maintenance of monitoring site:vehicles and construction Ban Chao Nuaequipment- Proper solid wastedisposal avoid openbuming

Air Quality -SO2 and NOx Emissions SO2 -FGD system 90% Ambient air quality Ambient monitoring- Operation period control efficiency for SO2 monitoring: continuous sites:

provided with each sampling TSP, SO2 , NO2 I. Ban Bang Kradothermal power unit. 0, 2. Ban Chao-Nau- Shutdown of the thermal 3. Ban Don Mot-power unit by which the Emtissions a continuous stack TanoiFGD stop functioning. emissions monitoring system 4. Ban Khlong Kae- Shutdown one thermal will be installed forpower unit by which the monitoring SO2 and NOxFOD stop functioning. emitted from 4 thermal power- Shutdown one thermal unit stacks and 6 HRSG stacks Emnissions - thepower unit in the case that appropriatethe 3 combined cycle position of the 4block have to bum diesel thermal power unitoil instead of natural gas. stacks and the 6

HRSG stacks._________ ______ __ NOx - low NOx burners

Surface Water Siltation/sedimentation Major constructionHydrology to the nearby canal and activities should be in dry- Construction Period river season.

- Construction materialshould be in the projectsite.

Insignificant impact to theOperation Period hydrological regime

(Water intake is rathersmall.)

Water Quality Increasing suspended Construct temporary weir Every 4 month: pH. Khlong bang Nok- Construction Period solid in the nearby to trap sediment. Conductivity. Temperature. Yung

. . canalriver. -Weir constructed should Turbidity, TDS. TSS. DO. Khlong Latbe at least 10 m. from the BOD3 Khlong Bang Pa and

Wastewater from canal bank. Khlong Talat Khawiworking personnel -Provide sufficient toilets

with septic tanks.-Locate camps site at- least

100 m. from canals.

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Environmental Issucs of Impact Mitigation Monitoring Location ofAspects to Environment Mcasurements Program Monitoring

Water Quality- Wastewater; -Monitor the cfficiency -Evcry four month. the recciving waterOperation Period temperature. of treatmcnt system daily The parameters that will he ncar the discharging

phosphate. oil/grease. -Chemical precipitation analyzed arc nH K pntorganic of cooling water Conductivity. - I km. upstreammatter blowdown will be Tcmperature.TDS, TSS. DO, from the dischargc

provided COD BODs P0.4 Fe, Hg. Cu. pointCd. Cr. Pb by the standard - I km. downstreammethod accepted by from the discharge

_____________________. responsibic agency pointGroundwater-Construction Period - Salt water intrusion - Control the discharge -Establish observation well -Wells as observed

rate and explore other for monitoring water level in the power plantaltematives water and quality twice a year in study.resource instead of dry and rainy season for bothgroundwater demand in construction period and

-Operation Period -Insignificant Impact future. operation period by suchparameter

Soil and Land Quality -(if required) lime to 16 soil samples (8 borings) The location of soil-Operation Period -Soil acidity/salinity reduce the acidity at 0-20 and 20-50 cms. sample boring are

-Use high grade fuel to should be sampled to shown in the soil-Soil acidity reduce the gaseous determine soil reaction map

emission pH,EC.Fe,AI and sulfur once-Control SO2 emission a year.to meet the standard ofOECP

Environmental Noise-Construction Period -Distance of 3 km. from -Public relations system -Monitor noise level every -Ban sam Roen

site will sometimes should be set up to 3 months -Ban Chao Naureceive noise more than create a positive attitude -Center of plant site80 dBA toward the project

-Loud or noisy activitiesshould be stoppedduring times when quietis necessary-Noise controlequipment must be usedin the proper way.

-Operation Period -Distance of 0.9 km. -Create noise barrier - same as above -same as abovefrom site will sometimes around the plant site -receive noise more than -Program for public80 dBA relations

to help peopleunderstandthe project activities

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Aquatic lifc-Construction -Wastewater - Construction camps -Monitor composition of -Khlong Bang NokPeriod domestic wasIC should be located at Icast plankton and benthic structure Yung

from worker camp 100 m. from natural canals every 4 month -Khlong Lat-a temporary septic system -Khlong Bang Pa andshould be constructed -Khlong talat Khawi-sanitary latrines should behuilt

Aquatic life -Thermal pollution -a watcr rescrvoir should same as above, every the receiving water-Operation he constructed to r.duce 6 monch in dry and rainy ncar the dischargePeriod water temperature before season point

discharged into the river -Ikm. upstream from-Wastewater -wastewater should be the discharge pointpollution pretreated by neutralization -I km. downstream

and by WWT system before from the dischargebeing discharged into the water point.way

-Structure of -Use the iron net with meshbiological system in size 0.5 cm. or less to preventthe Mae Khlong young or small animals to beRiver sucked into the water pipe.

WaterManagement -Insignificant impact ,and Water Use -Insignificant impact -Management of two -Annual water balance, -Mae Khlong River-Construction reservoirs upstream especially during dry season basin particularlyPeriod / downstream of the-Operation project sitePeriod -Mae Khlong River

basin

Socio-economic -increasing land -Announcement of public -Annual time series (over 3-5-Pre and prices outreach program yrs)Construction -Increasing income -Provision of financial studies should be carried outPeriod -Positive local management consultant for covering the following

attitude towards land sellers parameters:the project -Management of labor -incidence of crime caused by-Temporary camp including opportunity workforcemigration of for relaxation -job opportunity of localworkforce -preferential treatment for residents-displaces land- jobs for land-renters and -land pricesrenters locals -life style change of land

sellers-effects on former land-renters-effectiveness and

-Operation - -Income and -Continue and develop acceptability of publicPeriod employment public outreach program outreach program

-Electricity supply -Job training program to -attitude towards the project-Distribution of enable young local to work 'Annual time series studiessocial cost at the plant should be carried outand benefit e.g., -Community development covering the followingnoise, odor, panicularly Ban Phikun Thong parameters: -locallandscape change employment. land prices;

industry locating near theplant site; effectiveness andacceptability of publicoutreach program -attitudetoward the social andenvironmental changescaused by the project

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-communicable -Provision of adequate -Contractors' compliance -Camp andPublic Health diseases environmental health facilities with construction site-Construction e.g.: water supply latrine etc. mentioned mitigationPeriod -Onsite health care unit measures

including transferable systemto hospifa : cscoemergency-Establishment of earlywaming system for air

-Operation pollution indicators inPeriod -Respiratory diseases effective communities -Local public health

-Providing medical centerscollaborate teams between -Health records on air -Local public healthEGAT and local public health pollution centersauthorities to care all related diseases -Community closed toappropriately manage to -Monthly report of respiratory air pollutioneffected people in cases of illness monitoringhazardous air pollution -Establishment of health stationsexposure monitoring program

concurrentlywith air pollution monitoringstations

Sanitation andwaste Handing -Increasing solid -Sanitary disposal system -Supervision of EGAT staff -camp and-Construction waste of solid waste -Contractors responsibility construcdon sitePeriod -Unsanitary -Appropriate wastewater -Surrounding areas

conditions caused treatment systemby wastewater -Negotiation with Ratchaburidrainage municipality or private sector

-Operation to sanitary manageeriuod -increasing solid -Provision of laboratory -Daily check of effluent -Outlet site

waste facilities quality-Insignificant impactof waste water -Construction sitedischarged

Occupational -Setting up effectiveHealth and occupational heath and safetySafety -Accident and injury program -Local medical-Construction -Occupational -Setting up fire protective -Environmental monitoring examination centersand diseases and control system program -Local medicalOperation -Effective control of alcohol, -Medical monitoring program examination centersPeriod drug abuse, gamnbling and other for construction workers

illegal actions -Medical monitoring program-Strict control of all related for specific environmentalregulations hazard-Occupational health safety andprogram-Industrial hygiene program-Specific regulations forhealth and safety

Archaeology -Stop and report suspected-Construction archaeological evidencePeriod related authorities in cases of

accidentally uncovering __.,

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The EMuent Quality of Ratchaburi Power Plant Compared with World Bank Guidelines

Parameters Unit Power Plant Effluent Thai Standard' World Bank Guidelines Remarks(Maximum Value) (Maximum Value) (Maximum Value)

pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6-9 Daily - Neutralization BasinTSS mg/I 30 30 50 Daily - Raw walter treatmentBOD mg/l 20 20 Daily - Wastewater Treatment

Oil & Grease mg/il 5 5 1O Daily - Oil SeparatorFree Chlorine mg/I 1 I Daily - Cooling Tower Outlet

Residue Chlorine mg/i 0.2Temperature Increase C - < 3b < 3 Closed cycle Cooling Tower, Effluent

TDS mg/l 1,300 1,300 temp. equal to Ambient water temp.Aluminum mg/I 0.5Arsenic mg/l 0.25 0.25

Cadmium mg/l 0.03 0.03Chromium mg/l 0.3 0.3

Copper mg/Il I I INote: a: Effluent Water Quality Standard for Irrigation Canals, Royal Irrigation liepartment.

b: Temperature Increase is based on Surface Water Quality Standard: Notification of National Environment Board No. 8B.E. 2537 (A.D. 1994)

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Air Pollutants Emission For Ratchaburi Power Plant Proiect.

Pollutants Unit Power Plant Emissions' l'hai Emission Standards& World Bank Guidelinesc Remarks

oil gas oil gas oil gas_ ___ __ . _ _ _ _ Thermal Unit 700

MWS0 2 ppm 84 - 412 26 700 700NO, ppm 183 120 232 155 225 155TSP mg/Nm` 70 - 141 70 506 50d

CombustionTurbine 200 MW

SOl ppm 62 - 136 8 700 700NO2 ppm 75 50 77 51 80 61TSP mg/Nm' 8 - 56 28 50 d 5

Note : a,b,c : the concentration of pollutants is calculated at 3% and 15% excess 02 for Thermal units and Combustion Turbinea: based on power plant specification ib: Notification of Ministry of Industry No. I B.E. 2540 (1997)d: at the time the project was designed, the World Bank guideline (1988) was 100 mg/Nm'

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Maximum Ground Level Concentration Estimates For Ratchaburi Power Plant Project.

Pollutants Max GLC Thai Ambient Air. World Bank Guidelines Remarks(ug/m3 ) Quality Standard (1994) (1997)

S02 - I hr. 392 780 90 96 FGD- 24 hrs. 50 300 150 Effciency- Annual Ave. . 9.5 100 80

NO2 - I hr. 170 320- 24 hrs. 150- Annual Ave. 80

TSP -24 hrs. PMlo 120, TSP 330 PM10 150- Annual Ave. PMlo 5, TSP 100 PMto 50, TSP 80

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WANG NOI COMBINED CYCLE POWER STATIONEnvironmental Impact Assessment

Executive Summary

i. Background: The 1,800 MW Wang Noi combined cycie base ioad power station isfully constructed and operational on an area of 718 rai in Tambon Khao Ngam arid WangChula, Amphoe Wang Noi, Ayudhaya Province. The generating system includes 3 blocks of600 MW generators. Each block is composed of 2 sets of 200- MW gas turbines and a 200-MW steam turbine. The EIA study report was approved by the National Environment Boardin the meeting no. 5/2537 on June 8, 1994. The commercial operation of the power plantstarted in May 1998.

Fuel: Natural gas will be supplied from the Gulf of Thailand and inland sourcesthrough a Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) pipeline; there are no storage facilities onthe plant site for natural gas. Distillate No. 2 oil (0.05 - 1.0% S, average 0.53% S) is usedonly as backup. The oil is delivered to the site by tank truck. the EIA for the pipeline hasbeen done by PTT and approved by NEB.

Water Supply: Makeup water for the power station is drawn from Khlong Raphiphatand a well. The power station demand would be only 6 % of the minimum (July 1992)recorded monthly flow of Khlong Raphiphat. A groundwater well on site serves only asbackup and potable water supply.

Condenser Cooling: A closed cycle condenser cooling water system is used.

Air Pollution Control: Oxides of nitrogen are controlled in the combustion turbinesby water injection in the first two blocks. the third block will use the dry, low Nox burnersystem. The stacks are equipped with on-line NOx monitors.

Ambient Air Quality: Ambient air quality measurements have been taken every sixmonths during commissioning of the first two blocks. Two sets of data are available: dryseason, January - February, and wet season, May. Sulfur dioxide averaged over 24 hoursranged (0 - 6 ug/m3); that is, from undetectable to 2% of the national standard. Themaximum NO2 measured at any receptor was 26 ug/m3 , less than a tenth of the nationalstandard, and a fifth of the World Bank standard. Tanking into account the planned expansionto 1,800 MW, the actual air quality monitoring results to date indicate the dispersionmodelling was conservative.

Dispersion Modelling Estimates, 1,800 MW: One year of meteorological data wasused in the dispersion modelling. In case of diesel-fired (6 x 200 MW) combustion turbines,1-hour maximum GLC of NO2 is 84.4 ug/m3 (worst case), below the national standard of 320ug/m3.. For S02, the 24-hour maximum GLC is 10.5 ug/m3 (worst case); well below thenational standard of 300 ug/m3, and the World Bank (NOx) guideline of 150 ug/m3. Theannual average for SO2 is estimated at 7.6 ug/m3, well below the national standard of 100ug/m3 , and the World Bank guideline of 80 ug/m3 .

For the case of natural gas fueled (3 x 600 MW), 1-hour maximum GLC of NO2 isestimated to be 154.9 ug/m3 which is also below the national standard of 320 ug/m3.

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Wastewater: Sanitary wastewater and neutralized demineralization plant eftluent arerouted through a 4.000 m3 holding pond, which overflows to the retention pond (75,000 m3)onsite. Sanitary wastewater treatment consists of aeration. clarification and chlorination(calcium hvpochlorite). The closed cycle cooling tower blowdown is discharged to thewastewater retention pond, along with effluent from the oil/water separator. An automaticwater quality sampling station is located at the outlet of the retention pond to Khlong 26.

Water Quality: Plant effluent is pumped from ;i retention pond to Khlong 26, "'hinalso receives irrigation system drainage, domestic and agricultural wastes. Water qualitymonitoring at the raw water source, holding pond discharge and Khlong 26 has beenundertaken every six months during project development. In 1997 the results of effluentwater quality sampling during operation of the plant were within the effluent quality standardfor irrigation canals of the Royal Irrigation Department.

Solid Waste Disposal: Domestic solid waste, raw water and wastewater treatmentsludge is taken off site and disposed by the Lam Ta Sao sanitary district in Amphoe WangNoi.

Fuel Oil Storage: Oil storage is in two 29.45 million liter tanks. The oil storagefacilities are is built to ASTM and API standards. The area surrounding the fuel oil storagetanks is designed to contain oil spills resulting from equipment failure or leaks occurringduring normal operations. The oil containment is berns constructed of retaining walls built ofreinforced concrete. Fuel Oil piping is routed above grade on pipe racks in order to facilitatedetection and repair of leaks. If for any reason the pipe must be located underground, it isplaced in a concrete trench which is drained to the oillwater separator. The facilityEmergency Plan covers fire and explosion. A spill prevention, control and response plan willbe added to the site Emergency Plan, and added to the emergency response drill routine.

Hazardous Chemical Containment and Storage: All chemical storage tanks,solution tanks, and chemical feed pumps are located on curbed concrete containment areasdrained through separate chemical waste collection piping to a neutralization basin or achemical waste collection sump. A curbed concrete area is provided with a chemical-resistantcoating suitable for the particular service. As a minimum, the combined volume of the curbedarea and the associated neutralization basin or waste sump is adequate to contain the entirevolume of the largest single tank served. A spill prevention, control and response plan will beadded to the site Emergency Plan, and added to the emergency response drill routine.

Chlorine: The chlorination station for the condenser cooling water is equipped with aleak detection and alarm system, wind sock, leak stemming gear and personnel protectiveequipment, including self contained breathing apparatus. A chlorine leakage responsescenario will be added to the plant Emergency Plan, and leak response drills undertaken aspart of the emergnecy response drill routine.

Analysis of Alternatives: Alternatives analylzed for the project included choice oftechnology, site selection, water sources, wastewater treatment schemes and choice ofreceiving waters.

Environmental Management and Monitoring: An environmental managementunit will be instituted at the power station, responsible for carrying out the monitoring plan,

28

reporting performance. and follow up with management. The environmental unit would reportdirectly to the plant manager. The environmental monitoring plan covers the construction periodas well as ongoing operations, and includes: effluent and surface water quality; noise:groundwater hydrology and quality; aquatic ecology; solid waste management; transportation;soci-ecnnorwmir indicators; public health; and occupational health arid safety. The monitoringplan includes continuous air emissions and ambient air quality monitoring during operations.An abbreviated summary of impacts, mitigation and monitoring is shown below.

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WANG NOI COMBINED CYCLE POWER STATIONSUMMARY OF IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING PROGRAMS

Environmental Resources/Values Environmental Impacts Mitigation Meaures Monit,ring ProgramsPhysical Environmental ResourcesAir Ouslity

Operation Phase- Al the first stage, at CT stack height of 35 - Stack height of CT units should be kept at -Continuous Monitroing Of NO2, S02 and windm, GLC Of SO, around the project site is 35m minimum. speed and direction at 5 stations,acceptable. Continuous Monitering fo stack gas for SO and- At thie final stage, at HRSG Stack height - Stack height of HRSO should be kept at NO, at CT and HRSGof 35 m. GLC of SO and NO2 is 35 m minimum.acceptable.

NoiseOperation Phase - No mitigation measure is required. - No Monitoring program is required.- Noise livel at the distance of 60,120 and200 m away from the plant center willreduce to 49,43 and 39 dBA thus causingno effects to nearby community.

Surface Water Hvdroloav Operation Phase - Cooperation of EGAT with RID ror - Water situation in relation to the Plant must be- Impacts due to serious shortage of water in peoper water management must be carried closely monitored.some periods. out.

- construction of a raw water reservour for5 - d storage i necessary.

Surface Water Quality - Treatment of holking pond effluent to - Monitroing of water quality in KhlongOperation Phase reduce SS, conductivity and TDS is Raphiphat and Khlorg 26 for temperature, pH,- Discharge of effluent of 5A 197 I/min required. conductivity, trubidity, SS, TDS. alkalinity,(diesel oil fuel) and 4,9161/mon Zgas fuelX -Treatcd effluent should partly be recycled hardness, DO, BOD, H2S and grease & oil mbistinto Khlong 26 will affect downstream or reuscd. be conducted twice a year in rainy seasonwater quality in terms of SS, TDS, - Study on toxicelogican effects of chemical (October) and in dry 'season (April).hardness, sulfate, conductivity and susing in cooling system on in digenouscoplymers using in cooling system. plant and aqutic organisms is required. - Additional monitoring of water quality for Pb,

Cr, Cu, Zn, Hg, Ni and Cdin dry season and- Contamination of chemical s may be pesticides inrainy season must be conducted.harmful to aquatic lives.

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Environmental Resources/Values Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring ProiramsGroundwater Operation Phase - Withdrawal at optimal rate is necessary to - Minloring of land subsidence is required.

- Amount of water for domestic supply is preven land subsidence.within the yield of groundwater wells in this - Monitoring of drawwown from test wells - Montoring of drawdown is required.area. Theredore, no impact is expected. is recommended.

- Groundwater quality is suitable for - Water for drinking purpose must be - Monitroing of groundwater quality twice adomestic use but must be treated, if used for treated. year is recommended for pH, conductivity,drinking - Monitoring of groundwater quality is turbidity. dissloved solids, suspendced solids.

recommended. alkalinity hardness calcium, iron, rnagnesium.- No mitigation measure is required chloride sulfate and nitrate.

Aquatic Ecology and Fisheries Operation Phase - A fisheries management unit, fish stocking- At the raw water intake pump station, program and control of aquatic weeds inyoung fish ans fish eggs wili be pumped Khloing Raphiphat and Khlong 26 should beinto the intake. Degree of mortality depends established.on design of intake structure. Foloatingweeds will also affect the intake.- Large volume of water discharged fromthelower plant will increase water inKhlong26 for natural risheries and aquaculture.- Changes in flow regime of Khlong 26 willalter group composition of aquaticorganisms

Water Use Operafionn Phase.Khlong Raphiphat, A. Nong Khae, Saraburi- The Plant utilizes water of about 1.25MCM/month from Khling Raphiphat atPhra Sri Silp Regulatior. The amount ofwater required is about 6% of the totalrunoff in Khlong Raphiphat during dryseason (21 MCM/monthX. In addition,grounwaler willb ewithdrawn as a back-upfor construction activits. No impact is thenexpected.- in case the pasak project is completed, -Cooperation between EGAT and RID isrunoff in chao phTaya will be increaed by recommended50% thus no impact is expected.

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Environmental Resources/Values Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures lNloniloring ProgramcsPublic Health Operation Phase

- Maintenance worders and operators will - Regular medical surveilancc is to vcbe the high risk group to working accidnets providd for these personne.dur to improper management, fatique, etc. - Stringent supervision and control and- Transport accients are lidely to occur proper management are necessary to- Laboratory personnel will be subject to minimize the accidents. The medical cenierhealth gazards from chemical sin terms of must be established.shin irritation. Long lerm exposure will lead - Safety regulalions must be provided withinto respratory tract disease and d.etion of the plant and personnel must be aware ofkidney and liver. safety.

- Air quality muste be maintained within thenational amlhient air quality standard andmust be monitored regularly.

Occupational Health and - Noise from operation of machine such as - Minatenance of machine should he done - Monilroing of noi ~c at generator andSafety gas turbine and intake area will not exceed regularly. instrumlcnt air unit A,hould he done once a Vear.

85 dBA which commplies with the standard - Insulation ol turbine casing should heof Ministry of Interior (90 dBA). Thus no replaced periodically to reduce noise andserious effect from noise is expected. vibration.

- Control roon should be provided in case olcontinuous exposure to noise.- Ear protection equipment should bhprovided for employees.- Monitoring fo nise should be conductedregularly.- Hearing loss should be tested for worders - lTst ler hearing loss should B'r wo rers heinewho work in noisy areas. exposed to loud noise.

- Since the machine tha Ieauses heal is - Heat insulation is provided. - WGB I-should he itionittiicd oncc a yearcovered in the enclosure therefore such healwill not cause any adverse health effect toworkers. - Proper management and close wupervision - Sickiness and accidents of all llvels I. lust he- Accidents may occur from ussafe acts ol should be impiemented. recorded throughiout the tourse oif operation.workecrs esppecially during maintenance. Ifpreventive measures are eflictivelyimplemenied and followed up, impacts willnot be serious. - Regular check-up of pope conditions is - Continouous gas deteclor uwilh on line s% stetli- Leakage of gas popeline may cause serious recommeded. should be iistalled Cm. monitoring purpose.damages. - Monitoring ol nois. at generator and

instrumiient air unit shlould he donc once a year.

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Environmental ResourcesNValues Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures _ Monitoring ProgrimsAesthetic Values andTourism Operntion Phase - rovision of green hclts and arcas should- Sinokc from ihc power plant will reduce hc deone.aesthetic quality ol thc sitc. - Local agencies should control- The power plant will induce housing and establishment of housing cstates andindutrial development in the area. faclories

33

The EMuent Quality -of Wang Noi Combined Cycle Power Plant Compared with World Bank Guidelines;

Parameters Unit Power Plant Effuent Thai Standard' World BankGuidelines | Remarks_____ .____,____,___ (Maximum Value) (Maximum Value) (Maximum Value) ______

pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6-9 Daily- Neutraliztion BasinTSS mg/I 30- 30 50 Daily - Raw water treatmentBOD mg/i 20 20 \ Daily - Wastewater Treament

Oil & Grease mg/I 5 5 10 Daily - Oil SeparatorFree Chlorine mg/l I 1 \ Daily - Cooling lower Outlet

Residue Chlorine mgAI - 0.2Temperature Increase 0 C - < 3b < 3 Closed cycle Cooling Tower, Effluent

TDS mg/I 1,300 1,300 temp. equal to Arnbient water temp.

Aluminium mg/t 0.5 \Arsenic mg/l 0.25 0.25

Cadmium mg/i 0.03 0.03Chromium mg/I 0.3 0.3

Copper mg/lI I I_ _ -Note: a: Effluent Water Quality Standard for Irrigation Canals, Royal Irrigation Department.

b: Temperature Inerease is based on Surface Water Quality Standard: Notification of National Environment Board No. 8B.E. 2537 (A.D. 1994)

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Air Pollutants Emission For Wane Noi Combined Cycle Power Plant Proiect.

Pollutants Unit Power Plant Emissions' Thai Emission Standards" World Bank Guidelines' Remarks.__._._._._. oil gas oil gas oil gas_

SO ppm 1 10 - 136 8 700 700NO, ppm 50 50 77 51 80 61TSP mg/Nm, 8 - 56 28 50 50

Note a,b,c the concentration of pollutants is calculated at 15% excess O!, 00Ca: based on power plant specificationb: Notification of Ministry of Industry No. I B.E. 2540 (1997)

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Maximum Ground Level Concentration Estimates For Wane Nol Combined Cycle Power Plant Prolect

Pollutants Max GLC Tlhai Ambient Air World Bank Guidelines Remarks(uglm 3) Quaity Standard (1994) (1997)

S02 - I hr. 780-24 hrs. 41.5 300 150- Annual Ave. 5.6 100 80

NO2 - I hr. Diesel 142 Gas 190.3 320-3 hrs. Diesel 74.2 Gas 103.5 150-24 hrs 80- Annual Ave.

TSP - 24 hrs. PMto 120, TSP 330 PM,0 150- Annual Ave. PM l0 5, TSP 100 PM lo 50, TSP 80

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Executive Summary

500 KV Transmission System for Independent Power Producersand

Grate#r B3ng Are,a"

Environmental Guidelines for Planning, Construction andMaintenance of Transmission Lines

Introduction

1. The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) is a state enterprise underdirect supervision of the Office of the Prime Minister. EGAT was established on May 1,1969 to nationalize and consolidate the functions and responsibilities of three independentstate enterprises: the Yanhee Electricity Authority (YEA), the Lignite Authority (LA) and theNorth-East Electricity Authority (NEEA). EGAT is now in the process of privatization.EGAT has the responsibility to provide electricity for the entire Kingdom of Thailand bygenerating, transmitting and selling bulk energy to two distributing entities, namely theMetropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) and the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA).

2. The current EGAT long term Power Development Plan (PDP 95-01) includes about13,100 MW total power purchase from IPPs up to the year 2011, representing 30% of thetotal installed capacity at that time. To facilitate private sector investment in IPP projects,EGAT will construct two 500 KV transmission lines along the Gulf of Thailand from BangSaRhan (Prachuap Khiri Khan Province) to Chom Bung on the western coast and fromRavong to Nonz Chok and Wang Noi on the eastem coast. These 500 KV lines will receivethe power from IPP power plants and transmit most of the generated power to the load centersin Greater Bangkok and the surrounding area. In addition, a 500 KV transmission system forthe Greater Bangkok Area will be developed, replacing the existing 230 KV system.

Proiect DescriDtion

3. Western Area, 500 KV Transmission Lines: The transmission system for thedisbursement of power from IPPs in the Western Area includes construction of twotransmission lines: (i) 275 km long VSt route of 500 KV double circuit line from Bang Saphanto Chom Bung; (ii) 280 km long 2 nd route of 500 KV double circuit line from Bang Saphansubstation to Chom Bung.

4. Western Area, Substations: The substation projects for the Western Area includeexpansion of the following 3 existing substations: (i) Expansion of Bang Saphan 500 KVsubstation with installation of 500/230 KV of 1000 MVA transformer, line shunt reactors andaddition of a communication system; (ii) Expansion of Chom Bung 500 KV substation withinstallation of line shunt reactors and addition of a communication system; and (iii) expansionof Sai Noi 500 KV substation and addition of a communication system.

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5. Eastern Area. 500 KV Transmission Lines: The transmission lines for the EastemArea include two transmission lines: (i) 155 km long I" route of 500 KV double circuit linefrom Rayong 4 to T Junction; and, (ii) 170 km long 2 nd route of 500 KV double circuit linefrom Rayong 4 substation to T Junction.

6. Eastern Area, Substations: The substations for the Eastern Area include theconstruction of one new and expansion of one existing substation: (i) new 500/230 KVRayong 4 substation with installation of line shunt reactors at 500 KV Rayong 4-Nong Chokend Payong A -Wong Noi iines, anci addition ot a communication system; and, (ii) expansionof the 230 KV Rayong 2 substation with addition of a communication system.

7. Greater Bangkok Area: The project would replace four existing sections of 230 KVtransmission line with 500 KV transmission lines: Bangkok Noi - Sai Noi (29.4 km); Sai Noi- Rangsit (24.7 km); Rangsit - Chaeng Watthana (7.4 km); and, Nong Chok - On Nuch,(17.9 km).

Lega1 and Administrative

8. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is not required under current Thailand lawand regulation for the 500 KV Transmission System for IPPs Project. The EIA for thetransmission system will be expected only when all or a portion of the transmission lineroutes are located in Watershed classification class lB or forest conservation area classC, Wildlife sanctuary area, National Park area, or Mangrove area. The project route doesnot traverse any of these. The report is a focused environmental analysis of environmentalimpacts of project components and their mitigation measures as required by the World Bank.

9. EGAT would have to submit a report to the RFD for permission to use some part ofthe National Forest Reserves as right of way for the transmission lines.

Analysis of Alternatives

10. Westem Area: It was determined that the transmission line route should not parallelthe railway line and main road (highway 4) because both sides of these corridors are denselypopulated, in addition, the transmission line should not pass over railway lines, according toEGAT design criteria. The selected transmnission line route would pass through the NationalForest Reserves only in low areas at the edges where the land use is now mostly agricultural.The bottom lands of the National Forest Reserves have been heavily encroached andconverted to agricultural uses. There is no alternate route in the western area of the southernpeninsula because it is narrow and near the border of Myanmar.

11. Eastern Area: The final route selection was based on the following: (i) there are verydense residential areas along both side of the main road, including a network of secondaryroads; (ii) EGAT environmental criteria call for avoidance of residential areas as much aspossible; only line two of the transmission system passes through (two) National ForestReserves. These sections of the National Forest Reserves have been encroached and arecurrently agricultural areas and forest plantations.

12. Greater Bangkok Area: The new 500 KV transmission line would be constructed asfar as possible along the existing 230 KV transmission line ROW. The alternative would be

38

to acquire new ROW's through the populated Greater Bangkok Area, which would entail fargreater environmental and social impact.

Route Selection Cri:eria an'd Mitgation Strategies

13. In selection of routes for transmission lines and substation sites, EGAT uses designcriteria to minimize environmental impacts on forest, wildlife, watershed areas, populations,archeological sites and scenery. Transmission line right of ways are not to be locatedthrough: (a) restricted Class IA watershed area and Class C forest conservation areas,according to laws and regulations; and, (b) holy places, archeological sites and governmentsites. Transmission line right of ways should also avoid: (a) watershed area class IB,mangrove forest, national parks and other conservation areas; (b) community anddeveloped areas; (c) parallel with, or close to telephone and telegraph cables for a longdistance; and, (d) airports.

14. Detailed Route Surveys: Before construction of the transmission system, detailedroute surveys will be performed by EGAT staff together with the Royal Forest Department(RFD). The number of forest trees to be cut will be documented. In addition, final routeselection adjustments to avoid dwellings and circumvent other areas of potential negativeimpact will be made, according to EGAT's environmental design criteria.

15. Construction: EGAT's guidelines for construction activities are: (a) avoidinstallation of new access roads for construction purposes; try to utilize existing trails;(b) no cutting of trees over the limitations set by RFD: and. (c) clean up constructinn sitesupon completion of construction work.

16. Maintenance of the Right of Way: Along the valleys, only trees considered to behazardous to the stability of the transmission system would be cut down. Landowners arepermitted to cultivate economic crops at EGAT's option along the right of waycorridors. Upon completion of transmission line construction work, ground cover aroundthe towers will be planted and land contouring will be done as required to provide aprotective covering for the earth and to preventsoil erosion.

Environmental Issues:

17. Environmental Impact on Water Resources: Potential impacts of a transmissionsystem on water quality are related to construction activities: surface run-off fromconstruction sites; wastewater from the temporary office and construction camps; and,wastewater contaminated with oil or grease from machinery. The study of the 500 KVEastern and Westem systems revealed that the banks of the Pranburi River at the end ofPranburi Dam where both of the Westem transmission lines cross are steep. The soil is sandyand liable to erosion. Any transmission tower located here should be located at least 50meters from the riverbank. The Eastem Area transmission system crosses over the BangPrakong River; but would have little impact from soil erosion since the river is so large, theriver banks are not very steep, and the water is already rather high in turbidity. In the GreaterBangkok area, the existing ROW would be used, and minimal soil disturbance and clearingwould be necessary.

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18. Forest resources: The field study revealed that the national forest reserves in theproposed Western transmission line area are degraded due to encroachment and conversion ofthe land for agricultural purposes. However, forest areas can still be found in the mountainousareas. These areas are not traversed by the proposed transmission system right of way. Thetransmission line right of ways have been laid out through topographically level areas andwithin the forest reserve areas that have been converted to agriculture through encroachment.Only the Western right of way area represents the potential to impact on forest resources.The area in question is a stunted dry dipterocarp forest. In the area of the right of way for thetwo lines the national forest reserve is deteriora:cd forest, wiih smali and stunted trees. TheEastern ROW areas do not traverse forest cover. Impacts on eucalyptus and casaurinaplantations are minor because the right of ways use a narrow stretch of private land, and thiscan be reforested or compensation paid to the owner(s). There are no forest resourcesinvolved in the Greater Bangkok Area component of the project.

19. Wildlife: The field study did not find any species in the ROW areas that aresignificant for conservation. Significant species are usually found in unspoiled naturalhabitats; and these are strictly protected. The reserve forest where the 500 KV transmissionsystem traverses has already been cleared for agriculture and other purposes. The speciesfound in the ROW's are mostly small in size and they can adjust well to various humanactivities. There is little wild flora or fauna in the existing ROW in the Greater BangkokArea.

20. Land Use: The project will cause the lost and limitation of agricultural land use in theROW; however, the impact is on a small total land area because most of the crops have a shortgrowing season and they do not exceed the hieght restrictions for vegetation in the ROW.These crops include rice, pineapple and cassava. In addition, after the project construction isdone, the crops can be grown as usual, with the exception of tall perennials and trees. In theGreater Bangkok Area the 230 KV lines already exist in the ROW's, and the area has beendeveloped into a combination of residential, industrial and agricultural land.

21. Cultural and Esthetic Resources: There were no cultural or esthetic resources thatwould potentially be impacted along the Western Route (Bang Saphan-Chom Bung). TheEastern transmission line one would traverse Tharanukroh Cemetery, as revealed by thepreliminary route survey. In Greater Bangkok there are 17 temples and mosques locatedwithin 1 km either side of the existing 230 KV ROW. The existing 2330 KV line cannot beclearly observed within the visual context of these cultural landmarks. There are two templeslocated adjacent to the existing 230 KV ROW's; however, there would only be a slightchange in the visual impact of the 500 KV line in the same ROW. There are no knownarchaeological sites along the existing ROW in the Greater Bangkok Area.

PCB Mana2ement

22. The proposed 500 KV transmission system (Eastem and Westem lines) will notinvolve replacement of equipment potentially contaminated with PCB. EGAT has surveyedall potentially contaminated electrical equipment in the Greater Bangkok Area; the onlyremaining PCB's are in the power generation facilities.

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Mitigation Measures:

23. Natural Resources: Foundation towers and construction activities includingtransportation of construction materials, material storage and worker housing would belocated at least 50 meters awav from surface water resources to avoid soil erosion. in case itis necessary to use areas closer to water resources, soil barriers would be built to blockerosion and sedimentation. Vegetative cover would be replaced along streambanks and thesurrounding project site if disturbed, to prevent soil erosion. In all areas, sanitary latrines willbe constructed for workforce and temporary offices, and good housekeeping measures willminimize potential water contamination due to oily waste or chemicals.

24. Forest Resources: The following mitigation measures would be followed: (i)deforestation to be done only in the right of way; ii) reforestation is the responsibility ofEGAT, the area of reforestation would be more than the area of national forest reserve usedfor the ROW; iii) in case private land is used in construction, it is the responsibility of EGATto contact the owner and pay fair compensation.

25. Wildlife: The impacts can be controlled by: i) 'deforestation only in the rightof way area; ii) prohibition on disturbing wildlife, including nests, eggs, holes, hollows andother habitat; iii) prevention of noise pollution by limiting work hours between 8.00 am and16.00 pm., all work to be forbidden at night.

26. Land Use: EGAT would plan all the project activities including materialtransportation, pole mounting and others in the dry season, because most of the crops wouldalready have been harvested. Removal of agricultural plants (particularly perennials') onuldbe done oniy as necessary and compensation paid. Farmers would be allowed to grow short-lived crops with heights of less than 3 meters in the ROW.

27. Cultural and Esthetic Resources: The transmission line one of the Eastern area(Rayong 4-Nong Chok) goes through Tharanukroh Cemetery; therefore, it would be movedaway to minimize visual impact.

Monitoring

28. The following monitoring plan will be adopted to track the effectiveness ofmitigation techniques, and to address recognized problems in an appropriateand timely manner. This regular scheduled monitoring program will consistchiefly of visual inspections during construction and operation for:

o erosion along access roads, substation and transmission towerfoundations;

o encroachment of settlements within rights of ways, encroachment ofsettlements within protected areas via transmission line access roads,exploitation of forest resources in protected areas via access roads;

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o vegetation clearances below transmission lines, and invasion of exoticspecies along right of ways;

o transformer fluid leakage and spills.

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Executive Summary

TNB Stage IT Inter Co.nection andTransmission System Expansion Project No. 9

Environmental Guidelines for Planning, Construction and

Maintenance of Transmission Lines

Introduction

1. The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) is a state enterprise under

direct supervision of the Office of the Prime Minister.- EGAT was established on May 1,

1969 to nationalize and consolidate the functions and responsibilities of three independent

state enterprises: the Yanhee Electricity Authority (YEA), the Lignite Authority (LA) and the

North-East Electricity Authority (NEEA). EGAT is now in the process of privatization.

EGAT has the responsibility to provide electricity for the entire Kingdom of Thailand by

generating, transmitting and selling bulk energy to two distributing entities, namely the

Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) and ~he Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA).

2. The current EGAT long term Power Development Plan (PDP 95-01) includes about

13,100 MW total power purchase from IPPs up to the year 2011, representing 30% of the

total installed capacity at that time. To facilitate private sector investment in IPP projects,

EGAT will construct Transmission System Expansion Project No. 9 and TNB Stage U Inter

Connection .

Proiect Description

43

3. Transmission System Expansion Project No. 9 is also prepared in response to the

Government's policy to continue the development of infrastructure to sustain the economic

growth of the country. TS 9 is a package of 26 subprojects of transmission lines and substations

expansion and reinforcement. The project involves the construction and reinforcement of

transmission lines totalling 1,890.0 circuit-kilometers, and 10 substations. The total amount of

5,900 MVA transformer capacity and 1,202.4 MVA reactive power compensation equipment

installed at the existing substations are also included.

4. TNB stageII Interconnection consisits of two parts: the construction of HVDC

transmission, and intemal system reinforcement.

Legal and Administrative

5. Environmental ImRact Assessment (EIA) is not required under current Thailand law

and regulation for the Transmission System Expansion Project No. 9 and TNB StageII Inter

Connection . The EIA for the transmission system will be expected only when all or a

portion of the transmission line routes are located in Watershed classification class lB (or

wildlife sanctuary area, or national park area, or mangrove area). The project routes do not

traverse any of these. This report is a focused environmental analysis of environmental

impacts of project components and their mitigation measures as required by the World Bank.

Analysis of Alternatives

6. Power system studies were reviewd based on the latest EGAT and TNB Power

Development Pl