Top Banner

of 13

Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

Jul 07, 2018

Download

Documents

Ayoub Fouzai
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    1/13

    Agricultural & Applied Economics Association and Oxford University Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize,preserve and extend access to American Journal of Agricultural Economics.

    http://www.jstor.org

    Agricultural Applied Economics Association

    Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption: Age Structure, Reversibility, and UncertaintyAuthor(s): Kenneth A. Baerenklau and Keith C. KnappSource: American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 89, No. 1 (Feb., 2007), pp. 190-201Published by: on behalf of theOxford University Press Agricultural & Applied EconomicsAssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4123572Accessed: 05-03-2016 11:33 UTC

    Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp

    JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of contentin a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship.For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/http://www.jstor.org/publisher/ouphttp://www.jstor.org/publisher/aaeahttp://www.jstor.org/publisher/aaeahttp://www.jstor.org/stable/4123572http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/stable/4123572http://www.jstor.org/publisher/aaeahttp://www.jstor.org/publisher/aaeahttp://www.jstor.org/publisher/ouphttp://www.jstor.org/

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    2/13

    DYNAMCOF AGRCULTURALTECHNOLOGY

    ADOPTONAGE TRUCTUREREVER BLTY

    ANDUNCERTANTY

    KENNETHABAERENKLAUANDKETHC KNAPP

    W d v p dyn m m d f hn g y d p n h g n p v u u b yn

    p ng hn g y g v b n v m n v b npu nd u pu nd h p

    Th m d b d f g d n p du n nC f n O p m nv m n xh b

    gn f n vn g p ff wh h p v d n w nd d xp n n f d y d hn g y

    d ffu n W h w h h h ud d v d by p n v u m d n b p y xp n d by

    h ump n f v b n v m n n d mu n d m n h ump n h g n

    p y v n Un n y ff p m n v m n bu h d n ng ff w h hn g y

    g

    K yw d B mn u n g d g u u h dyn m p m n hn g y

    d p n w u

    T hn g nn v n nd d p n w

    h m n bu h p u n

    n g u u p d u v y du ng h

    w n h n u y G dn Th b

    v n ng w h v vng n n g d

    ng f d upp y n u u nd h

    n v n mn h p k d g w ng

    u n g u u hn g y d p n Th

    u nv g h d m n n f

    hn g y h xp n why f h

    n g y dffu n f u n y m w h n

    x p d F x mp k f nd h

    d p n f p f f m ng hn g

    n n g d p v d n f p v

    n m bn f P u v b v h

    v y f w T x d u f h u ng

    d p n d mk p du n nd C y

    n d Z b m n n h d p n f

    m d n g n y m n C f n k

    p p m y wh n w b m x d

    ng y v n hugh h y m p

    p p f b und m yp p ng

    nd n

    Und nd ng h d m nn f h

    n gy nv m n n d dp n h

    m p n f h d g n f g

    n v nm n p F x mp v y

    f h ng p g m g h Env n

    m n Qu y n n v P g m n

    f h C n W A Am ndm n

    nd p n f h T M xmum D y

    L d g n p v d ub d p

    du wh d p n v n hn g

    A g u mu p n u und

    nd ng f h p d u d n p b m

    d g n ff v n n v f u

    n v n nd nv n mn u y f h

    d n p b m n y p f d h n

    h d v dd n u w b n

    nd h n n v m y b b h n ff n nd

    n ff v

    T d n g u u nv m n n y

    yh v y nd m n p n v u

    md M n ud n ud ng h

    n d b v u p n v u m d D x

    n dP ndy k nv g h f f

    f un n y n h m ng f nv m n

    d n Th ud n ud h h

    mb nd ff f un n y nd h p

    p un y d y nv m n n n w h

    n g y g n ub n hu d n

    un d f n p n v u n y h

    mu b m b f n n dv du w

    nv A n u n h ud b

    b xp n why f m h p

    p n d p ng hn g h pp b

    mm d y p f b

    Wh h p n v u m d n b u

    n und nd ng f g u u hn g y

    d p n h m n h my ff

    u n v fn u v u n d

    mm nd n M f m ng hn g

    K nn h AB nk u n p f nd K h CKn pp

    p f D p m n f Env n m n n Un v y

    fC f n R v d W h nk h d nd v w f

    v y f m m n d ng ub n y mp v d n y

    nd xp n

    Am J Ag E n F bu y

    C py gh Am n Ag u u E n m A n

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    3/13

    B nk u n dK npp T hn gy Ad p n A g R v b y U n n y

    h v m d du b y nd mu b p d

    p d y Th n w h h p n

    v u u wh h n d p f h

    p n d p mu d d w h n p

    m n n y w h n w h n g y g

    A bd u n dHu ff mn C y n d

    Z b m n k k Kh nn n d

    W n N n Kh nn k nd Wn

    N n Pu v V n nd

    Bu n y f w d n u y

    v b T h x ng u gn

    h f f f hn g y g n nv m n

    n u n ugg h p g d m

    k y b p d n h nd f u f u

    f h nn h b gnn ng h wv hn

    gy g h n v d f m m n n

    u u d yn m m d f g u u h

    n g y d p n

    R h n h n m f d h v

    n v g d h ff f m d n

    m d p f n n h n x f p

    nv m n A n Ab nd Eb y

    H m n nd Hnd k n h n g

    d n B n nd B B h

    C hn n dZ g nd mp und p n

    C V n g p m d hv b n

    u d n h g n n m u n

    y h f f f hn g y g n p

    umu n B u nd G

    f p d u v y g w h Y uk gu

    p n b ym nuf u h ng n

    u y gu n L v n n w g n

    u y A gh n H w nd V n

    n d n d g n u g w h B u k kn

    Th ud g n y fnd h h

    m p fy ng ump n n d b v n h v

    n p u u mp n m d u Th

    f f n d m n u n v y

    h x n wh h ump n m d n p

    f n y b y my b ff n g u

    m n g u u nv m n md

    Th d v p h dyn m

    m d f f d v nv m n n g u u

    p w h n mp pp n

    g d n p du n Op m d n

    u d v d u ng m pu n d yn m

    p g mm ng Th d n u h w h h

    g f h p k gn f n y ff

    h h h d p h gg n v m n

    nn w p m h n h un

    n y v b y nd h d n

    g n y m p m und yp

    p ng n d n mp ng v b y

    f y n h h h d p nd

    und r m h r p on o m u d po

    y n u m n b h b y gn f n m un

    Th h h d p d p n y n w h

    hn g y g Un n y ff p m

    d n bu h d n ng ff w h h

    n gy g

    h Dyn m M d f nv m n

    nd P d u n

    Ag u u w u n n u u

    h ugh u h Un d n h w

    m p b m d nu n n

    mn n f b h u f nd g u nd w

    u h v b n nk d g u u

    U E PA n dU DA nd u d d x

    n v y by g u u n m R bud

    H n nd m h m p b m p

    n h d u hw ng w h d

    d n u d n y nd w

    y A n u n n w g n h

    n g nd w m n g m n v ng

    n d b n n H w p f y

    n d g n y m nv m n nd

    w nd f pp n by n

    g w n C f n n J u nV y

    C n h nd g f d p n

    C f n by nd h fu h g n

    n y C f n A g u u

    v C n w u m n

    v y h gh f p y

    d p nd ng n h g n y m C w

    L h n b g nd Z b m n Fu h

    m pp x m y % fC f n

    n g u d n fu w g

    n w h h n % u m d n w

    n v ng d p y m B u H w nd

    Mu g H n

    W n d k n u p du wh

    mu h n f w n hn

    g nd w v b n pu g w h p

    Th d n ff n hn gy

    m u g g d pp fu w g n fu

    w wh h m d n m ff n h

    n gy ub u f d p g n d p

    nv m n n h p g d v b

    nd h n d p k v v

    dng u n f m n h un

    f b h h yp n d g f h g n

    y m Th v b npu w nd

    n g n f B hw p nd

    np h nd p n y

    d n dm v b h v v h u gh

    m d ng M k v p Wh

    h h h mp n n f h

    C y nd Z b mn p v d d d d u n f

    h n h y f C f n d ugh y nd d p n f

    m d n g n h n g f v u p

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    4/13

    F b u y Am J Ag E n

    dp n p b m g C y nd Z b m n

    2 00 2 k 20 04 B r n k u 20 05 h r

    h ky u f un n y f h u

    n d d h

    n h m p d p du d d

    wh h n h x n g g n y m

    p w h h n w fu w

    n w d p y m nd w nd n

    g n pp n n d m x m h

    x p d p n v u f n nu p f ub

    h u n f m n f p nd

    p nd h n n F w ng h

    Un v y f C f n C mm f Cn

    u n n D n g W R du n UCCC

    w n d nd d d f d f

    w h f pp d W

    u m h h f d n n nu u n

    p d u n w h n gg b p du w n

    v p Th x p d p n v u f

    nnu p f u d

    E p p w n

    w h h xp n v fu u x

    p v f w n d n p

    x v h k h yp f g

    n y m n d F h nd g F g

    w pp d w f n pp d n

    gn p und p p h d u n f

    n d h p f fun n Th v b

    n n g h p n h d p n

    d n n h x ng g n

    y m d p n w fu w y m nd

    d p n wd p y m T h h

    m yb fu h n n d f f x mp

    w um d p n f h n w hn g y

    v b F nv n n w d n h

    n n v y Th k

    du d d u n % nd p nd

    m u d n d

    Th v nu mp n n f h p f fun

    n u d h m k v u f n

    n y d P v u u h g C y nd

    Z b m n u v nL b g p du n

    fun n h w h p du b v

    b d u d m n m n p b m

    bu B k n d H f nd h w h n

    v y d fun n m pp p h

    f d v F u h m n v fun n

    w u x m n h f f f b h n

    p u nd u pu p n hn g y h

    nd np u d mnd Th f w u fun

    n m d by H xm n dH d y

    f n p du n nF n C f n nd

    b d w h n d pub h d by h

    Un v y f C f n C p v Ex n

    n U C CE

    y hw n

    / hw n

    hw n

    H y nnu y d p und f n w

    pp d w n pp d n g n nd h

    g n ff n y T un f h n

    d n y f n n d g n y m b

    m ff n g w m d h

    g fun n

    t(rc if s, = 0 h xp y h F g

    h f

    w h y nd p m nd h h n

    f f n yT h v w nd n g n

    p p n nd p m n g n

    n w h u n p du n p w

    y h f fu w nd

    h f d p

    Th mp nn f h p f fun n

    n ud p n f v g v u f

    ny w nd n g n v u d

    m k p p n nd m n n n

    O &M f xd nd v b n gy

    nd nnw nd nnf p d u n

    T b umm h v n nd

    g n y m d v g v u f

    d g n y m b n d by

    um ng h % f h p

    b nd dp ng h m nng % n

    y v h x p d y m f P ump ng

    nd p u n m d

    f f um ng % pump ng f f n y

    K n pp nd n g u u n

    gy p f kWh n h n J u n

    V y C f n En g yC mm n

    Fx d n g y d p nd n pump nd

    2 To avoid further increasing the dimensionality of the dynamic

    p g mm ng p b m h dy f u v b n

    d hn g y hn g y g w p nd n p

    w f g f m m n f h dyn m f n g n nd

    m u

    C n p du n n m f m d b u n

    un f % f v nu

    Th u f un n m d by H xm n dH d y

    v w n / w

    / /u W mu p y h u n by

    h v p d d y d n n w h n b v n

    n d u h f f n y f h n d du h ff n f

    d ff n w un

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    5/13

    B nk u n dKn pp T hn g yAd p n A g R v b y Un n y

    T b C nd T hn g yD U d

    C b h Ad p n M d

    / M

    u g G d u b uf

    P m Fu w D p

    Cp

    O&M /y

    F x d n g y

    /y

    N nw nd

    nnf

    p d u n

    /y

    P u h d f b

    Exp d y m f

    y b

    F / b N

    N C f g d n f d w h f pp d

    Un v y f C f n C mm f Cn u n n D n g W

    R du n nf d v u u ng g u u p d u p nd

    pub h d by h C f n Ag u u v

    b Un v y f C f n C mm f Cn u n n D n g W

    R du n

    Un v y f C f n C p v Ex n n v

    g n y m yp bu n n w v um

    n g y p

    W nd n p um d f

    w x gn u nd mp h nn

    b p d d w h n y nd xp d

    b y h u n W p

    M k v p h h p f w

    n h g g d p f w

    n nd h n mp n u p f n

    w

    P O wP P O P E

    P N p P p P

    w h p h p f w / f p h

    p f n /b n d p m

    v F n nd pnd n y nd d n y

    d bu d N y nd mv b nd wL

    d N By n u n wh n

    p p xh b p v

    n Ou b n m u n um

    w P P P

    n d y d ng n g un

    p xp n f p f f w

    n d p p und f n Fgu

    h w n p b n f h p p

    P v u u d h u h p n v u

    f m w k f n u m p f w g

    m B w n nm n GBM w h p

    v d f G BM mp h g f h p

    d ff n n y nd h un h

    f h n g un p xp n n

    n n v n f d nd ng n d h n g

    u np v n n b und d Ou p

    m p h p n y nd h d

    nng mpu p n f un n h f

    h ng un p xp n n n

    nd h ng u n p v n b und d

    A h ugh gh f w d n p

    p d f n u m d n wh h h

    d nd d p w u d n h m h

    n bv u h p v p

    d f u f d h n h u d d

    p v u y wh h h v k d upp ng d

    Gv n h m p x y f g u u m k

    f w h mp nd m n u

    v y pp n g p p h f u

    n n n h f un n y h h n

    n h mb nd ff f un n y nd

    mp nd

    Un k w nd n p h u

    n f m n f h p k d

    m n nd dp nd n h h v b

    Th v u n f h n d hn g y

    F h g vn by

    h 'tech ifs -0h

    (5) rt+l -- St if s, = 0 f O

    n d h v u n f hn g y g F g

    xp d

    g g g f

    (6) +l 1 if s, 0

    D yn m P g m mng u n Ag hm

    T h md h f u v b p p

    F h Fg nd h n v b w

    n n h p d h p du b v h

    v b nd h n n v u

    nd n n h v b A h ugh

    h v u f h v b m y h ng

    5 Th r x m d d on w r pr bu C r y nd Z br

    mn p w by h nJ u n V y D

    b w n n d p f f m nd n

    p b w n nd p p und du ng h nd

    W by h C f n W B nk w n h n g

    f p f du ng h N h b u

    U, = 0. we are assuming producers face a global cotton price.

    T h p p h u d b n p d n v g

    pr xp on h r r d b w ngrow ng on A

    u npu n d u pu p n fu u du ng h g w ng

    nw h n u n f w hn n d n h w v u h

    n n y r qu r dyn m n r on m od wh h on

    d b yb y nd h p f h udy

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    6/13

    F b u y Am J A g E n

    p

    60 06 * -u- water

    n

    Tm y

    F gu A d p f w nd n p und

    b n n d n

    h u gh m n p n f u n

    v h d n p b m n y h

    m h n nf n nd mp

    p un d f by h v b

    n h w d h p b mf d by p

    du n m p d d n h p b

    m f d n ny h m p d nd n

    n h Th f w n df n m

    u n m u d n u p F wp F nd

    n p F h g v n v u fun n

    f h v b Th h n

    p b m h p m d n u

    p F w p F nd n p F w h h mx

    m u n ub u n

    n d h n n W w nd n

    Th h n p b m v d u

    n g dy n m p g m m n g m h d B

    k ub u ng h p m n

    u n u n d f n h p m d

    b v fun n v u fun n

    V p F E E p p

    w h p n h p f gn d

    du ng p d nd n n h p m

    d n u b ng pp d n h p d

    B u h d n p b m n y

    h v u fun n m u n mu

    F u h m h v u fun n f

    B m n u n B k Th

    f w n w u n

    (8) V*(p,, r,) max [-rT(s,, w,, n,. p,, r,)

    w np

    p E V p

    B u w nd f pp n

    h v n dyn m f f n h m d h

    nd n p m d n u w p F

    nd n p n b f und by v ng

    pt, t st = max,,,,rr w,, n,, pt, rt st

    T h p m d n u p F m d f

    f u d v b u mu b dyn m y

    p m R h h n mp ng f nd n

    n y u n f p F h p b m

    vd num y W f d h

    p n f n f p b

    v b mb n n n m n

    f h w p nd f h n

    p F d by d fn n nd h n u

    v u fun n n nd d dyn m

    p g m mng hn u mp m n d w h

    gn mpu d f nd p F T

    mp h h w f n V p Th n

    f h p b mb n n f nd

    n v b p w u u n

    n d h n n T d m n

    E Vp F W h n fnd h un u h

    m x m p pE V p

    p F nd upd V p F

    d ng u n Th n n

    m pp ng p p y f B m n f m mp

    h V p F V p F nd p F p

    F y mp y B k Th f

    w n n u v y upd n gV p

    n d p F un nv g n n

    f d f b h fun n

    O p m n v m n Ag nd P Eff

    Fgu umm h p m d n

    u p F f p d u w hfu w y m

    u ng h b n p m v u p n d

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    7/13

    BaerenkauandKnappTechnoogyAdoptonAge Reversb ty Uncertanty195

    U Ad p D p

    C o R n F u rr ow

    b

    C n p / b

    Figure 2 Optimal adoption rule for a one-year-old furrow system

    aboveF gure2showsthathgherwaterand

    cotton prces where water has both a hgh

    m a rg n a c os t a n d a h g h v a u e m a rg na p r od -

    ucttendto promoteadoptonofa drp sys-

    tem even when the exst ng furrow system s

    o n y o n e y e ar o d n t h e r a ng e o f r e ce n t y o b -

    s e rv e d c ot t on p r c e s $ 0 6 0 - $1 0 0 t h e m n -

    mumwaterprceneededforadoptonofa drp

    system s reat vey hgh rangng from $120 to

    $130 n the range of key water prces say

    between $30 and $120 the mn mum cotton

    prceneededforadoptonofa drpsystem

    a s o s r e a t v e y h g h r a ng n g f r om $ 0 9 0 t o

    a vaue beyond the upper m t of our anays s

    For the maorty of key prce combnatons

    the userofaone-year-od furrowsystemw

    choosetoretan theexstng system Forno

    prce combnatons woud a new furrow sys-

    m b d p d

    Theborderbetweenthedarkgrayandwhte

    r e g o ns n f g u r e 2 d e f n e s a s e t o f c r t c a p r c e

    parsthattraceoutan ndfferencecurvefor

    technoogychocewheretheexpectedvaue

    ofretanng theexstngfurrowsystemequas

    theexpectedvaueofpurchasnga newdrp

    system7Thesopeof thscurvesuggeststhat

    theadoptondecsons reatveymoresen-

    t v e t o w t e r p r c e f u c tu t o n t h n t o c o t

    to n p r c e f u c t u t o n w t h n t h e r n g e o f

    n y F m n p g p

    v h k h w p w n du d p

    n f d p y m bu f m w

    p n n f h n p w x m n

    w ud b u ff n ndu d p n C

    np v b y mp n p m y n

    h upp f p n ff gu wh n

    p u w nd w p u

    hgh

    F gu h w h hn g y g nd p

    d p m n hv u b n ff n

    h p m d p n u A f u w y m

    g h n dff n u v b v d nf gu

    n nu y m g w d w p p

    A hugh p d n p m mp

    f fgu h f f n b n f h v n

    y d fu w y m n f gu wh h

    n dff n u v g n g vn by h b d

    b w n h d k g y n dwh g n T h

    f gu h w h n f h nd ff

    n u v f n y d fu w y m

    n f gu wh h g vn by h b k

    n u ng h u gh h d k g y g n F

    y p n p h n f h n

    d ff n u v d ff b y b u Th

    b w n h w u v d f n h f

    p mb n n h w u d ndu d p

    n f d p y m f h w n f n

    v ny d fu w y m bu n f h

    wn f n y d fu w y m B

    u h f p mb n n xp nd

    fu w y m g h p b b y h

    7 A finer discretization would smooth this curve but would also

    g n f n y n un m

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    8/13

    F b u y Am J A g E n

    Z R F

    C n p ub

    F gu Op m d p n u f n v ny d fu w y m

    _ A D np

    Ad p F u w

    C n p / b

    F gu Op m d p n u f f f n y d fu w y m

    p du w d p d p y m n

    h u g h m

    F gu n n f p f

    wh h h wn f n v n y d fu w

    y m w ud h d p n wfu w

    y m Th d n d by h g h g y

    n h m dd f h f gu N u h p

    x f h w n f n y d fu

    w y m n f pp f h f m

    n h v nh y wh h g n x mp f

    h f f f hn g y g n h p m d

    n u N b y h up h g n

    u nd h ng un w nd n p x

    p n f nd Th f b n

    p f p h y h v y h gh

    x n k h d f b v ng p p n

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    9/13

    B nk u n dK np pT h n g y Ad p n Ag R v b y Un n y

    h g n n h v nh y h ud h

    h pp n h p m d p n u w b

    h g v nby fg u wh h h w

    v y w p b b y f d p ng d p

    y m Th up h h h ugh h p b

    b y h p du w d p d p y m

    n h ugh m un k y h p

    du w n f u w y m ng n ugh

    mp m n n f h d n u w h h

    h gh p b b f d p ng d p y m

    F gu nf h m By y f f

    n n ng h x ng fu w y m

    n p m f n y p mb n n h

    hpp n f h f m n h f f n hy

    n y v n h nd ff n u v n f g

    u nd n w gv nby h b d b w n

    h d k g y nd g h g y g n h

    n nu d h f w d w p mb n

    n n h f gu g n h w h n df

    f n u v f n y d fu w y m

    b k n h ugh h d k g y g n

    M nwh h g n n wh h d p ng

    nw fu w y m p m h xp nd d

    gn f n y nd up m f h

    g n und h n g un p xp n

    Th f n h un k y v n h p

    du n f u w y m f f f n y

    h b x n gu h h p du w

    h d p n wfu w y m g n

    h h n nw d p y m n h b n

    mu n

    v b y

    Th p v u n b h h gn f

    n f hn g y g nd p n h

    d p n d n W n w h ff

    f h mm n u mp n h d p n f

    nw hn g y ff v y v b T

    d h n d n w f h n n

    h p f y u f h

    n h w d f p du h d p d h

    n w hn g y nn b p d w h h

    d h n gy P du h f h

    ng h p m m p m nn y w h

    hn g

    Th u gh n h w ng p h y m p n g

    v b y und b n nd n u

    h d kg y wh d p n f nw

    d p y m p m n f gu h f

    u p by b u n h n g f k y

    np mp yng d p ny n h p

    tma decsonruesacrossmodes Themag-

    n ud f h d p n y n w h h

    g f h n d y m v g ng f

    n y d y m n ng f

    n v n y d y m bu y p y

    b u % f h w p n h

    b n md mp ng v b y

    u h upp b u nd y f h gh g y

    wh d p n f n w fu w y m

    p m n fgu h f up by

    bu h w b und y m n n y un

    hng d Pu n h w y n f ump

    n f v b y gn f n yb h

    d n u g n d p n f h md n

    d p hn g y

    Th m gn ud f h d n u d p

    ny n d u dby h v b y ump

    n n v m d p m v u

    p u y h ng un xp d p v

    h xp d y m f m nd h d

    u n p d n p m f m

    n v y n y h bu h % d p

    n y n h b n ugg h m p n g

    v b y f nv n n m y n du

    g n f n u f b n hn g y

    d p n m d T nv g h x n f

    h b w m u hn gy u f h

    b n md v b y nd f h m

    m d w h v b y W g n

    p p h n nd m h x

    p d v f hn g y u v f f y

    y m h n f g up fp du w h

    un f md bu n f fu w y m g

    Th p d d dffu n u v g vn n

    fg u nd h w n b v u d ff n

    m d T h b n m d p d

    v yf n n h v f d p y m

    u d u ng h n p d f h m u n

    f w d by v y n h f Th

    b n md h v ng un dy

    by b u y w n yAf w d n y

    m f u u n n h xp d v f d p

    u du h y n u f h hn

    gy g v b n b n n n

    h m d w h v b y p d

    mu h w n n h v f d p y m

    u du ng h n p d bu h m

    f n m n n d h ugh u h m

    u n Af b u y f y fv h m d

    p d h gh v f d p y m u h n

    d h b n md B u d p y m

    u um d b v b v n u y

    thepredcted eveof drpusersesto 100%

    B u m d n g n h n g

    h v v d n d b n n

    m n m g b h d m nd f w

    n d p u n u d by g u u w

    u f n d m n h w h d

    sgnofwaterconservatonpo cesm ghtbe

    m p d by ump n b u h u nd y ng

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    10/13

    F b u y Am J Ag E n

    Fu w

    D p

    -- 5 Furrow with

    v b y

    D p w h

    W 20 r r v r b y

    _

    Tm y

    Fgu Exp d v f hn g yu w h n d w hu v b y um ng u nf m

    d bu n f fu w y m g

    b h v m d T n v g h w x

    m n h ff f v b y n h p

    y n u m n h n g p ym n

    h d f y % f h p f d p

    ng d p y m b % x n h

    f f w nd % x

    n h p und f n g n W d v p m

    d n u u nd h p y f h b

    n p m v u w h n d w hu

    v b y Th d p n d n n d v

    f w nd n g n u h n mu d

    f h m p p h n u d

    p v u y A um ng h v b d p n

    m d h u b h v m d w n

    u d m n h p d n

    d w h v b y

    T b umm h u f h p

    y n u m n n y n v C n d

    h v h u n ny h p

    n p nn ng h n f g

    u P d d v f n g nu d n

    pp b v y n v h v b

    y ump n Th g p d n

    d w h h w x bu n n

    g h n % b / P d d

    v f w u v y m n

    v h und y ng b hv m d T h

    g g n d w h h w

    x bu g n m gn ud w h h

    g pp h ng % f / Th d

    p n y m m bu f C f n

    n p du w n u h n x

    f f w p h wu d p n

    n n f v f f n n

    g u u u f C f n g u u

    p du w n u h % f h w

    h wu d p n n n f b u

    % f n ng u u u

    Un n y

    Th u n f gu ugg h h b y f

    p v u u d un f b v dd y

    n hn g y dp n d v n n p by

    f u f h m d n g nv nm n wh h

    m y n b f m hn gy dp

    np b m W n w u h m d

    h f un n y n h d p n

    d n T d h w n du n y

    uv n by ng u nd

    w h h p m h b n v

    u d m n hw n v h p m d

    n u fu u p v b y h

    n y u f un n yn h m d

    E n y h omp r h b h vor of

    produ r w ho r fu ur p r o h

    w h n wh p d m n nd

    um h yw fo ow n x p d p h

    T h ff n h p m d n u f

    mp n g n y u v n n h wn

    gr ph y m r n m gn ud o h of

    m p n g v b y bu h h p p

    g n n h n g f yp n p h

    r w r pr r bou $ 10 $15 ow r

    hn h n f gu Th d p ny

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    11/13

    B nk u n d Kn pp T hn g yAd p n A g R v b y Un n y

    T b Exp d V u f Op m W nd N g n U und A n

    P y Rg m

    T nY Tw ny Y Th y Y F y Y F fy Y

    P y w n w n w n w n w n

    v b Ad p n

    Nn

    C h

    W x

    N g n x

    R v b Ad p n

    Nn

    C h

    W x

    N g n x

    V b w nnu pp d w f nd n nnu p p d n g n b/

    g n d p nd n h g f h n d y

    m bu b m m h h n g

    w h g v g ng f n y d y

    m d ng f n v n y d

    y m A h ugh h nf m h mp

    n f un n yf p d u wh n

    p p n d p n f gn f n m un f

    m d m n h fu u p u n

    n y v y mp n f p

    du wh mu hn g y n h n

    fuu

    F gu p n mp n f h

    x p d v f hn g y u f h b

    n nd n y u v n m d Om

    ng un n y h ff n h

    p d n A h ugh h h p f h d ffu

    n u v m h b n md

    h n g un dy v f d p u

    h v d n nd gn f n yh gh h n

    n h b n mu n C mp d w h m

    p n g v b y m ng un n y w

    g n v y g p d n n

    h h un bu v y m n

    h v y ng u n

    C n u n

    R n h u ng p n v u md n

    v g g u u nv m n b

    u nd nd n p why hn g y d p n

    F

    D p

    Fu w w h

    C ny

    S30 Equivalence

    x 20 - - - - Drip with

    0Certanty

    E u v n

    Tm y

    F gu Exp d v f hn g yu w h n d w hu n y u v n um ng

    un f m d bu n f fu w y m g

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    12/13

    F b u y Am J A g E n

    pp w h n xp d Th

    u f nd h un n y nd h p p u

    n y p p n n v m n mp y hu d

    b v d m n u n h mu b

    f d f n n v m n hu p

    vd ng nd d xp n n f p v d

    und nv m n Wh h p n v u m d

    n bu h u b y n y ng

    ph nm n n p v u y n d d n n

    n y y b w y h y m k

    u mp n h m y n w y h d Th

    d v p g n d nv m n m d

    h n p hn gy g h

    p nd v b npu m m

    n h u nd v u n

    xp n n

    A mm n u mp n n h u

    h p n d p mu d d w h n

    p m n n y w h n w h n gy v n

    h ugh h n n y h H w

    f nd h f y mp ng v b y g

    nf n y b d n mk ng g n d p

    n f h n w hn g y Fu h m v n

    v y m % d p n y n h

    p m d n u d n b y d f

    f n xp d v f hn g yd ffu n

    nd n pu u h u g h m T h u h u gh

    v b y h p xp n n y w

    f d p n wh n d p n u y v b

    h ump n m y b u h nv m n

    d m n n n b u ng h p v dd

    y g un b v d w h ng ub

    v b f g bh v n h w d

    m d w h f v b y my f

    h d w w h n y h ng

    h und y ng u m h n m

    n dd n m d ng m d du b y nd

    p d p m n h w h w hn g y

    g ff p m nv m n A h n

    d d n hn gy g b

    m m k y h h m ff n

    nd xp n v m d n hn g y w b

    d p d H w v b m m k y

    h h d n hn gy w b p d

    w h n w v n f f Th m gn ud f

    h mp ng ff w d ff u

    n f u mp x mp p m n

    f n d d n hn g yw h n w

    d n hn gy m k y h n p

    m n w h n w m od r n h no og y

    Th n y f h f un

    n y Om n g un n y d

    r p ny n h o p m d on ru h

    d m n h w h h g f h n d h

    n g y C mp n g d m n n f n

    v m n b h v u u d m n

    h hn g y g m gn f n h n

    h v b y u n n y F k y

    n p h g g w p f d p

    nv m n b u w f n d fu w

    y m h nf n w n Th mp w h

    h d n u d p n n d u d by

    v b y nd n y u v n h

    n h n g f

    n g n u u mp y h h m

    mn y b v d p n f hn gy df

    fu n h gm d u v m yh v

    v b n v xp n n h h n y

    v dmu h n n n h u A

    g up f d n g n w h dff n y n

    m f h g f h n d h n g

    n p du g du h f n w h n

    g yw h ng un xp d v f d p n

    h h n % O h f m f h

    g n y g nd u y m k p

    du h n y x bu

    n g ng g u u m y x gg h

    v mp n f h f Fu u

    h ff h ud n ud v b y nd

    v n g p ff m ng h mp n

    d m n n f g u u nv m n nd

    hn gy d p n

    R v dF b u y

    p d F b u y

    Rf n

    Ab du A n dW E Hu ff mn T h D f

    fu n f Nw Ag u u T hn g Th

    C f C b d C wT hn g y nT n

    n Am n J un f Ag u u E

    nm

    Ab A B nd JC Eb y Op m nv

    m n w hC y Rv b y R v w f E

    n m ud

    Agh n P PH w nd GV n G n

    Pu p T h n g y nd W g n u

    y J u n f E n m G w h

    A n H C y R v b nv m n w h

    Fx d C An Emp udy J u n f

    Bu n nd E n m

    B nk u KA T w d nUnd nd

    ng f T h n g yA d p n R k L n ng

    nd N g hb h d Ef f L nd E n m

    B u E n d F G nv m n n

    V n g Cp M d R h nE

    nm

    Bn nd G B F ng C nd

    L b D m nd H w B d E u

    R v w f E nm ud

    B k P n d GH fnd R n ng h

    v n L b g nd Dff n b C p P d u n

    Fun n Am n Ju n f Ag u u

    E nm

    This content downloaded from 193.95.22.161 on Sat, 05 Mar 2016 11:33:03 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

    http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsphttp://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

  • 8/18/2019 Dynamics of Agricultural Technology Adoption.pdf

    13/13

    B nk u n d Kn pp T hn g yAd p n A g R v b y Un n y

    B k D P Dyn m P g m mng nd

    h C n N w Y k A d m P

    B h A Y Ch n nd G Z g H n g

    nd F n g A T f Tw T h h d J u n

    f Lb E n m

    B u k kn R O L nd L Pu h n d Ed

    R V n g C p nd h Dyn m

    f h AK M d J u n f E n m T h

    y

    Bu C M D J H w nd A Mu g

    Ev p n E m f g d Ag u

    u n C f n n C nf n P d ng

    f h Annu g n A n M ng

    F Chu h VA Th g n A n

    pp Av b h p //www g/

    p p / Ev p nE m pdf

    C f n Ag u u v C

    f n F d C p Rv w J nu y

    A v b f p / /w ww n u d g v / pu b/ n /

    / v /f d p / f d v pd f

    C f n En gy C mm n C

    f n Av g R E y R by M

    U y Av b h p // www n g y

    g v/ y/ u n _ y h m

    C y J n d DZ b mn A M d f

    nv m n und Un n y Md n

    g n T hn g y nd Em g ng M k n

    W Am n J u n fAg u u E

    nm

    C P Th V u n f u n E x

    h ng Opp un J u n f F nn

    C w M E L h n b g n dD Z b m n

    Th Eff f P n g P n W

    C n v n nd D n g Am n Ju

    n f Ag u u E n m

    Dx A nd R P ndy k nv m n und

    Un n y P n n NJ P n n Un v

    yP

    G d n B L Am n Ag u u n h

    T w n h C nu y H w F u h d nd Wh

    C C mb d g MA H v d Un v y

    P

    H m n R n dM H nd k n Op

    m P y R v b nv m n J un

    f E n m D y nm n dC n

    H xm R n d E H dy W P du n

    Fun n f g d Ag u u Am A

    w Un v y P

    H n T g ng f P f C

    t o n F r m n g O c to b er Av b e t h t tp / /

    ww w nf m ng m / hm / _O C F

    g n h m

    k M n n v f T h n g yAd p n

    u n de r E n v r on m e nt P o c y U n c e rt n t y

    mp n f G n Pym n P g m

    Env nm n nd R u E n m

    k M M Kh nn nd A Wn N n

    u n n v m n n p f

    C p M n g m n u nd O u pu P Un

    n y J u n f Ag u u nd R u

    E nm

    Kh nn M M k n dA W n N n

    nv m n n p f C p M ng

    mn und U n n y mp n f N

    g n P u n C n nd Env nm n

    P y A g u u E n m

    Kn pp K C B K v n J L y n d JD O

    A Dyn m O p m n M d f

    g n nv m n n d Mn g mn U n

    d L m d D n g Cnd n W R

    u R h

    L vn n A G ndf h R gu n N w

    u B nd A T x R gu n

    E g E n m

    Pu v A W G Bgg C BM nd J H

    T hn gy Ad p n D n U nd

    v b y n dUn n y An Ex An

    App h A m n Ju n f Ag u u

    E nm

    R b ud M R H n n dM m h

    E nm f W Qu y P n f m

    N np n u Th y nd P W h

    ng n DC U D p m n f Ag u u

    E n m R h v Ag u u E

    n m R p

    U n d Env n m n P n Ag ny

    nd Un d D p m n f Ag u u

    UE PA n d U DA C mp ng R k

    n d ng Env n mn P EPA

    R W h ng n DC

    U nv y f C f n C mm f Cn u

    n n D n g W R du n A

    d C f D n g W R du n

    R v d C A Un v y f C f n n

    y/D n g T k F nd W R u

    Cn

    U nv y f C f n C p v Ex n

    n v mp C P

    d u C n A V y n h R w

    n J u nV y Av b h p //

    w ww g n ud v du/ up d / u n_

    / n v p df

    V n D nd E Bu D h

    E n g yEff n y P d x Ex T h n g

    P g nd Un n y Env nm n

    & R u E n m

    Y u kg u M Th n f m n T hn g y

    P d u v y P d x R v w f E n m

    Dynm