Smart Sensor Node Smart Sensor Node Impact GPS leveraged for geo-referenced identity, and low power communications synchronization. Up to 100x communications power reduction. Standard APIs implemented as Java class libraries and browser-based user interfaces provide code mobility, code reuse, and platform independence. High-level spatial and context “anycast” addressing enables dynamic specialization for augmented awareness and collaborative consensus applications. New Ideas Power-aware link and routing protocols. Exploit fine- grained power control of radios for energy efficient connectivity. Maximize sensor network’s operational lifetime through energy- aware routing. GPS-aware link protocols. GPS-synchronized ultra-low-power communication. Spatial addressing and connectivity. High-level addressing, unicast, multicast, anycast, and gathercast communication based on spatial referencing of the nodes. Mobile code and web technology. Embedded Java APIs for code portability and browser-based topographical map interface for visualizing dynamic data from sensor net. Milestones Sensor Control API Specification FY00 Q1 Topographical Map Interface Definition FY00 Q1 Network Services API Specification FY00 Q2 GPS-Aware Link Protocol Experiment FY01 Q4 Network Services PDA/Laptop Experiment FY01 Q4 Integrated Sensor-Kit Experiment FY02 Q4 Smart Sensor Node Event Target Target COTS PDA Brian Schott PI, Bob Parker (USC/ISI), Mani Srivastava (UCLA) Co-PI, Mark Jones (Virginia Tech) Co-PI Dynamic Sensor Networks
Impact GPS leveraged for geo-referenced identity, and low power communications synchronization. Up to 100x communications power reduction . Standard APIs implemented as Java class libraries and browser-based user interfaces provide code mobility, code reuse, and platform independence . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SmartSensorNode
SmartSensorNode
Impact GPS leveraged for geo-referenced identity, and low
power communications synchronization. Up to 100x communications power reduction.
Standard APIs implemented as Java class libraries and browser-based user interfaces provide code mobility, code reuse, and platform independence.
High-level spatial and context “anycast” addressing enables dynamic specialization for augmented awareness and collaborative consensus applications.
New Ideas Power-aware link and routing protocols. Exploit fine-
grained power control of radios for energy efficient connectivity. Maximize sensor network’s operational lifetime through energy-aware routing.
GPS-aware link protocols. GPS-synchronized ultra-low-power communication.
Spatial addressing and connectivity. High-level addressing, unicast, multicast, anycast, and gathercast communication based on spatial referencing of the nodes.
Mobile code and web technology. Embedded Java APIs for code portability and browser-based topographical map interface for visualizing dynamic data from sensor net.
Milestones
Sensor Control API Specification FY00 Q1
Topographical Map Interface Definition FY00 Q1
Network Services API Specification FY00 Q2
GPS-Aware Link Protocol Experiment FY01 Q4
Network Services PDA/Laptop Experiment FY01 Q4
Integrated Sensor-Kit Experiment FY02 Q4
SmartSensorNode
Event
Target
Target
COTSPDA
Brian Schott PI, Bob Parker (USC/ISI), Mani Srivastava (UCLA) Co-PI, Mark Jones (Virginia Tech) Co-PI
Dynamic Sensor Networks
Dynamic Sensor Networks
• DSN is focusing on three SenseIT areas:
1) Platforms– GPS-synchronized ultra-low-
power communication experimental platform.
2) Distribution and Aggregation– Network boot-up, low-power
link protocols, power-aware routing, and spatial addressing.
3) Declarative Language and Execution Environment– Topographical map interface.
– Java APIs for portability.
– sensor network emulation for rapid application development.
SmartSensorNode
SmartSensorNode
SmartSensorNode Target
TargetCOTSPDA
DSN Experimental Platform
DSN Experimental Platform• The primary purpose of the platform is to experiment with using GPS
synchronization to provide precise control over transmit/receive on radio.
• Uses COTS hardware/software to minimize cost and maximize code portability. No attempt to miniaturize subsystems.
Serial port
PDAApplication specific processing done in COTS PDA. Assumed in sleep mode unless activated by Comm Subsystem. May have other high-power sensors in PCMCIA slot.
Sensor SubsystemContains sensors, signal conditioning, signal processing, and optionally protocol processing to eliminate PDA for light-weight sensor node.
Comm SubsystemSynchronizes radios using GPS signal. Can store/forward packets in sensor net and perform routing without PDA. Goal: Runs on solar cell.
SensorSubsystemSerial port / TOD
CommSubsystem
GPS RadioComm
AntennaGPS
AntennaSensors
DSN Comm Subsystem (Concept)
GPSAntenna
CommAntenna
ClockOscillator
TOD(Time Of Day)
Microcontroller
DataTiming
Variable RatioDivider
CLK IN
TOD to Sensor Subsystem
DataBuffer
SleepMode
GPS Radio
1 pulse per second
Serial PortController
To PDA
External Devices(i.e.. Long-range radio)
ToSensor
Subsystem
Distribution and Aggregation
Mani Srivastava
UCLA (Co-PI)
Distribution and Aggregation
Internet +
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Target
Sensor Network
• Global spatial addressing that support referencing of individual or groups of sensor nodes by geographic location
• Capability-based addressing in the local neighborhood.
• External IP connectivity with DSN network gateways.
• Distribution of node location and capabilities to neighborhood application query servers at boot-up and reconfiguration.
• Low-power link protocols and power-aware routing for energy efficient sensor data distribution.
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Power-Aware Link Protocols
• Optimize for computation and communication energy spent per bit distributed (Joules/bit) as opposed to traditional metrics such as throughput.
• Combine novel channel state estimation techniques with the capabilities of radios to adapt transmit power and other parameters such as spreading gain and symbol rate.
• Exploit GPS reference timing signal to synchronize communication amongsensor nodes and minimizetransmit/receive windows.
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GPS time
Example of Impact of Link Layer Adaptation on Energy Efficiency
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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Packet Length (bytes)
BER=10-4
BER=10-8
BER=10-3Energy per useful bit (J/bit)
Power-Aware Routing Protocols• Traditional multihop ad hoc
routing protocols focus on fast topology changes.– Power hot-spots that lead to
holes in coverage and network partitioning.
– Power inefficiency due to signaling messages in quiescent state.
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Target
• Novel DSN routing protocols will focus on maximizing sensor network lifetime.– Power-based routing metrics.
– Leveraging location information during routing.
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Spatial Addressing
• Sensor applications typically not interested in node IDs. – Query destination in terms of node location and capabilities.– Any suitable node in target neighborhood can handle the query.
• DSN network addressing architecture and routing protocols optimized for the needs of sensor applications.– Node addresses encode their location.– Location-based global routing and capability-based local routing.– Intermediate nodes intelligently filter/combine query responses.– Java-based API for communicating with nodes and node groups.– Both native DSN architecture as well as IPv6 overlay-based will be
investigated for use within the sensor network.
• External users can tunnel into network across the IPv6 Internet via gateway nodes.