Dynamic Routing RIP

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2

Advantages of Dynamic over static :

• There is no need to know the destination networks.

• Need to advertise the directly connected networks.

• Updates the topology changes dynamically.

• Administrative work is reduced

• Used for large organizations.

Dynamic Routing

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• Distance Vector Protocol

• Link State Protocol

• Hybrid Protocol

Types of Dynamic Routing Protocols

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• Works with Bellman Ford algorithm

• Periodic updates

• Classful routing protocol

• Full Routing tables are exchanged

• Updates are through broadcast

• Also known as “Routing By Rumor”

• Example: RIP, IGRP

Distance Vector Protocol

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• Works with Dijkstra algorithm

• Link state updates

• Classless routing protocol

• Missing routes are exchanged

• Updates are through multicast

• Also known as “ Routing by Intelligence”

• Example : OSPF, IS-IS

Link State Protocol

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• Works with DUAL algorithm

• Link state updates

• Classless routing protocol

• Missing routes are exchanged

• Updates are through multicast

• Also known as “ Routing by Intelligence”

• Example : EIGRP

Hybrid Protocol

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• Open Standard Protocol

• Classful routing protocol

• Updates are broadcasted via 255.255.255.255

• Administrative distance is 120

• Metric : Hop count

Max Hop counts : 15 Max routers : 16

• Load Balancing of 4 equal paths

• Used for small organizations

Routing Information Protocol

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• Update timer : 30 sec

– Time between consecutive updates

• Invalid timer : 180 sec

– Time a router waits to hear updates

– The route is marked unreachable if there is no

update during this interval.

• Flush timer : 240 sec

– Time before the invalid route is purged from the

routing table

• Holddown timer : 180sec

– Specifies the amount of time for which the

information about poorer routes are ignored.

Rip Timers

9

RIP - Network Diagram

E0 192.168.1.150/24

HYD

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

E0 192.168.2.150/24

CHE

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

E0 192.168.3.150/24

BAN

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

10.0.0.1/8S0

S110.0.0.2/8

11.0.0.1/8S0

S111.0.0.2/8

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• More Bandwidth utilization

• Doesn’t consider the bandwidth, works only with hop

counts

• Slow convergence

• Formation of Routing loops

Disadvantages of RIP

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exitHyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config)#

telnet 192.168.1.150

================================Welcome to Hyderabad Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

configure terminal

interface serial 0ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0no shutclockrate 64000encapsulation hdlc

Hyderabad>password :Hyderabad#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Hyderabad(config)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....

Directly Connected Networks on HYDERABAD Router

192.168.1.010.0.0.0

Directly Connected Networks on HYDERABAD Router

192.168.1.010.0.0.0

Diagram

13

Hyderabad(config)#router rip

Hyderabad(config-router)#

Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0

no ip routingHyderabad(config)#

Hyderabad(config)#ip routing

Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

Diagram

14

show ip routeHyderabad#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:25, Serial0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:25, Serial0R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/2] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:25, Serial0Hyderabad#

^Z

Hyderabad(config)#router rip

Hyderabad(config-router)#

Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0

no ip routingHyderabad(config)#

Hyderabad(config)#ip routing

R – for RIP routes R – for RIP routes 120 is nothing but Administrative Distance

120 is nothing but Administrative Distance

Metric of Rip Hop Count

Metric of Rip Hop Count

Diagram

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show ip protocolsHyderabad#Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 13 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet0 1 1 2 Serial0 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 192.168.1.0 10.0.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.0.0.2 120 00:00:00 Distance: (default is 120)Hyderabad#

Diagram

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Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

================================Welcome to Chennai Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

configure terminal

ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0no shutencapsulation hdlcinterface serial 0

Chennai>password :Chennai#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Chennai(config)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....

Chennai(config-if)#

telnet 192.168.2.150

interface serial 1

ip address 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0no shutencapsulation hdlc

Directly Connected Networks on CHENNAI Router192.168.2.0

10.0.0.011.0.0.0

Directly Connected Networks on CHENNAI Router192.168.2.0

10.0.0.011.0.0.0

Diagram

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Chennai(config)#router rip

Chennai(config-router)#

Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0

no ip routingChennai(config)#

Chennai(config)#ip routing

network 11.0.0.0Chennai(config-router)# Configuring RIP

Router(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

Diagram

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show ip routeChennai#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:01, Serial1C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 11.0.0.2, 00:00:12, Serial0Chennai#

^Z

Chennai(config)#router rip

Chennai(config-router)#

Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0

no ip routingChennai(config)#

Chennai(config)#ip routing

network 11.0.0.0Chennai(config-router)#

R – for RIP routes R – for RIP routes 120 is nothing but Administrative Distance

120 is nothing but Administrative Distance

Metric of Rip Hop Count

Metric of Rip Hop Count

Diagram

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show ip protocolsChennai#Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 5 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet0 1 1 2 Serial0 1 1 2 Serial1 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 192.168.2.0 10.0.0.0 11.0.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 11.0.0.2 120 00:00:23 10.0.0.1 120 00:00:03 Distance: (default is 120)Chennai# Diagram

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exitBanglore(config-if)#Banglore(config)#

================================Welcome to Banglore Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

configure terminal

ip address 11.0.0.2 255.0.0.0no shutclockrate 64000encapsulation hdlc

Banglore>password :Banglore#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Banglore(config)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....

telnet 192.168.3.150

interface serial 1

Directly Connected Networks on Banglore Router192.168.3.0

11.0.0.0

Directly Connected Networks on Banglore Router192.168.3.0

11.0.0.0

Diagram

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Banglore(config)#router rip

Banglore(config-router)#

Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0Banglore(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0

no ip routingBanglore(config)#

Banglore(config)#ip routing

Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

Diagram

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show ip routeBanglore#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:04, Serial1C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:04, Serial1R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:04, Serial1C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0Banglore#

^Z

Banglore(config)#router rip

Banglore(config-router)#

Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0Banglore(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0

no ip routingBanglore(config)#

Banglore(config)#ip routing

R – for RIP routes R – for RIP routes 120 is nothing but Administrative Distance

120 is nothing but Administrative Distance

Metric of Rip Hop Count

Metric of Rip Hop Count

Diagram

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show ip protocolsBanglore#Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 15 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet0 1 1 2 Serial1 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 192.168.3.0 11.0.0.0 12.0.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 11.0.0.1 120 00:00:06 Distance: (default is 120)Banglore#

Diagram

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ping 192.168.3.1Hyderabad#Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msHyderabad#

!!!!!

ping 192.168.2.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msHyderabad#

!!!!!

Diagram

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ping 192.168.1.1Chennai#Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msChennai#

!!!!!

ping 192.168.3.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msChennai#

!!!!!

Diagram

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ping 192.168.1.1Banglore#Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msBanglore#

!!!!!

ping 192.168.2.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msBanglore#

!!!!!

Diagram