2 Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures Dynamic response of wind turbines in fault and shutdown conditions Zhiyu Jiang Deptartment of Marine Technology, NTNU Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures, NTNU May 28, 2013, CeSOS conference http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2011/12/why-did-a-wind-turbine-self-co.html
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Dynamic response of wind turbines in fault and - NTNU Jiang.pdf · Dynamic response of wind turbines in fault and shutdown conditions Zhiyu Jiang ... Tavner P. Failure Modes and Effects
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Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures
Dynamic response of wind turbines in fault and shutdown conditions
Zhiyu Jiang
Deptartment of Marine Technology, NTNU Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures, NTNU May 28, 2013, CeSOS conference http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2011/12/why-did-a-wind-turbine-self-co.html
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Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures
Why do we study the fault cases?
It is required by the design standards, but not well-defined!
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Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures
Occurence and severity
[Ireson et al., 1996, p. 6.18] [Vijayaraghavan, 2003, p. 13]
Probability of failure Likely failure rate Ranking
Very high >15% 9-10 High 5-10% 7-8 Moderate 2-5% 4-6 Low 0.1-2% 2-3 Remote <0.1% 1
Effect Ranking
Hazardous without warning
10
High 7
Low 5
Very minor 2
None 1
Occurence Severity
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Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures
Wind turbine faults Fault specification Component Effect O S
Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures
Extreme response─azimuthal dependence
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
x 104
Blade2 azimuth [deg]E
quiv
alen
t mai
n-sh
aft m
omen
t [kN
m]
Uw=11.2 m/s, H=0.2 m, T=10 sUw=11.2 m/s, Hs=2.5 m, Tp=10 s
Land-based Spar-type
-140000
-120000
-100000
-80000
-60000
-40000
-20000
00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Max
tow
er-b
otto
m b
endi
ng m
omen
t [kN
m]
Blade 2 azimuth [deg]
Uw=14 m/s, TI=0, td=0.1 s , Pr=8°/s
LC3, blade blockage and shutdown
Uw=11.2 m/s, TI=0, td=0.1 s , Pr=8°/s
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Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures
Comparison─ land-based wind turbine
LC1: normal operation LC2: grid loss and shut down LC3: blade blockage and shutdown LC4: blade runaway and shutdown
Uw [m/s]
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Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures
Comparison─ land-based wind turbine
LC1: normal operation LC2: grid loss and shut down LC3: blade blockage and shutdown LC4: blade runaway and shutdown
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Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures
Comparison─ spar-type wind turbine
Load Case1 2 3 4 5 6
Tow
er-b
otto
m b
endi
ng m
omen
t (kN
m)
0
5e+4
1e+5
2e+5
2e+5
3e+5
3e+5Normal operationGrid loss and emergency shutdownBlade sieze and emergency shutdownBlade runaway and emergency shutdown50-yr environment and parked (standing-still)
Load Case1 2 3 4 5 6M
ain
shaf
t equ
ival
ent b
endi
ng m
omen
t (kN
m)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000Normal operationGrid loss and emergency shutdownBlade sieze and emergency shutdownBlade runaway and emergency shutdown50-yr environment and parked (standing-still)
Load Case1 2 3 4 5 6
Yaw
mot
ion
resp
onse
(deg
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 Normal operationGrid loss and emergency shutdownBlade sieze and emergency shutdownBlade runaway and emergency shutdown50-yr environment and parked (standing-still)
parked case
Operational cases
Normal operationGrid loss and emergency shutdownBlade sieze and emergency shutdownBlade runaway and emergency shutdown50-yr environment and parked (standing-still)(standing still)
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Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures
Conclusion
• Emergency shutdown gives rise to large resonant responses for both turbines.
• When the pitch system fault and emergency shutdown occur in sequence, the response extremes exhibit a cyclic variation.
• Large tower-bottom bending moment (land), main-shaft bending moment, tower-top bending moment and yaw motion (spar) are observed in the fault and shutdown cases.
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Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures
Key references [1] International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC 61400-3 Wind Turbine—Part 3: Design Requirements for Offshore Wind Turbines (3rd edn). IEC: Geneva, Switzerland, 2009. [2] International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC 61400-1 Wind Turbine Part 1: Design Requirements (3rd edn). IEC: Geneva, Switzerland, 2007. [3] Det Norske Veritas. Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures, DNV-OS-J101, 2010. [4] Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Services GmbH. Guideline for the Certification of Wind Turbines. Hamburg, Germany, 2010. [5] Arabian-Hoseynabadi H, Oraee H, Tavner P. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for wind turbines. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems. 2010;32:817-24. [6] Esbensen T, Sloth C. Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control of Wind Turbines. Master Thesis, Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, 2009. [7] Odgaard PF, Stoustrup J, Kinnaert M. Fault tolerant control of wind turbines a benchmark model. Preprints of the 7th IFAC Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety of Technical Processes, Barcelona, Spain, June 2009. [8] Johnson KE, Fleming PA. Development, implementation, and testing of fault detection strategies on the National Wind Technology Center's controls advanced research turbines. Mechatronics. 2011; 21:728-36 [9] Odgaard PF, Johnson KE. Wind turbine fault detection and fault tolerant control-a second challenge. 2012. [10] Hameed Z, Hong Y, Cho Y, Ahn S, Song C. Condition monitoring and fault detection of wind turbines and related algorithms: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2009;13:1-39. [11] Blanke M, Kinnaert M, Lunze J, Staroswiecki M. Diagnosis and fault-tolerant control (2nd edn). Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2006. [12] Bossanyi EA, Jamieson P, Blade pitch system modelling for wind turbines. 1999 European Wind Energy Conference, Nice, France, March1999; 893-896. [13] Johnson KE, Fingersh L, Wright A. Control advanced research turbine: lessons learned during advanced controls testing. Technical Report NREL/TP-500-38130, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, 2005. [14] Chen W, Ding SX, Sari A, Naik A, Khan A, Yin S. Observer-based FDI Schemes for Wind Turbine Benchmark. Preprints of the 18th IFAC World Congress, Milano, Italy, September 2011; 7073-7078. [15] Laouti N, Sheibat-Othman N, Othman S. Support vector machines for fault detection in wind turbines. Preprints of the 18th IFAC World Congress, Milano, Italy, September 2011; 7067-7072. •.
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Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Marine Technology & Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures