DXM Product Overview

DXM Product Overview

ZK Celltest, Inc.3180 De La Cruz Blvd., Suite 201

Santa Clara, California 95054(Tel) 408.986.8080 (Fax) 408.986.8178http: www.zk.com

e-mail: [email protected] Date: April 28, 2003

Table of Contents

Applications ................................................................................3Features & Benefits ....................................................................3Defining the Problem ..................................................................5

The Solution ...................................................................................................6

PC Based vs. Non-PC Based Field Test Products ......................8Configurations ..........................................................................10

DXM Vehicular ............................................................................................11DXM Portable ..............................................................................................12

DXM Block Diagram ................................................................13Operation & Screens .................................................................14

Summary of Data Screens ............................................................................14SAM-ALL Screens ......................................................................................15

TDMA Technology ...............................................................................................15TDMA Summary .......................................................................................15TDMA Neighbor Screen ............................................................................16TDMA Top Neighbor Screen ....................................................................17TDMA Hand-Off Screen ...........................................................................18TDMA Status Screen .................................................................................19

GSM Technology ..................................................................................................20GSM Summary Screen ..............................................................................20GSM Data Screen (GPRS/EDGE Testing) ...............................................21GSM Neighbor Screen ..............................................................................22GSM Handoff Screen ................................................................................22GSM Status Screen ....................................................................................23GSM Over-the-Air Messages ....................................................................23

CDMA Technology ..............................................................................................24CDMA Summary Screen ...........................................................................24CDMA Data Screen (1xRTT/CDMA2000 Testing) ...................................25CDMA Pilot Sets Screen - Active, Candidate and Neighbor Set ..............26CDMA Missing Neighbors/Pilot Pollution Screen ...................................26CDMA Handoff Screen .............................................................................27CDMA Status ............................................................................................28CDMA Over-the-Air Messages .................................................................29Cellname (CDMA and GSM) ....................................................................29

Scanning Screens ..................................................................................................30Adjacent Channel Interference Screen .....................................................30GSM Coverage ..........................................................................................31CDMA Coverage .......................................................................................31

Control A/B Bar Graph .............................................................................32AMPS Control A (same for Control B) .....................................................33Cellular DCCH A ......................................................................................33Cellular DCCH B ......................................................................................34PCS DCCH A ............................................................................................34PCS DCCH B through F ...........................................................................34

SAM-ALL Playback ....................................................................................34Start at Beginning .................................................................................................35Start at Time Stamp. . . .........................................................................................35Start Playback at Marker .......................................................................................36

Select Channel Data Screens ........................................................................36Audio Quality Measurements ......................................................................37Export Log Memory .....................................................................................37

Conclusion ................................................................................38

DXM ProductOverview 3

ApplicationsThe DXM products are designed to assist engineers and technicians to identify the cause and fix network problems. Listed below are typical net-work problems the DXM can be used to diagnose and fix.

• Poor coverage• Adjacent channel interference• Co-channel interference• Dropped calls• Blocked calls• Noisy calls• High bit/frame error rate• Poor audio quality• Improper handoffs• Improper system balancing• System comparisons

Features & BenefitsFeature:Monitors multiple phones simultaneously. Can measure multiple technologies.Benefit:Multiple systems can be tested at once or multiple phones set up on the same system can collect more data and find problems faster. Phones can be switched to cover multiple technologies for troubleshooting multiple network types.

Feature:Up to 15 days of internal log memory with Compact FLASH removable memory card. Benefit:No need to carry around a PC to collect data.

Feature:Wireless modem option transmits data automatically to a centrally located server.Benefit:The data is always there when you need to analyse it.

Feature:Dual high speed cellular and PCS scanners.Benefit:Simultaneously measure coverage and interference for cellular and PCS bands. Measure coverage of test transmitters to identify optimum cell site locations.

4 ZK Celltest, Inc.

Feature: Self-contained unit with LCD display and internal memory.Benefit: No need to drag along a PC. Starts up when you start the vehicle. Takes a few seconds to boot up. Operates in extreme environmental condi-tions. Display can be mounted on the dashboard for easy and safe viewing.

Feature:Software and hardware is designed and manufactured by ZK Cell-test.Benefit: Product cost is low which translates into a lower price without sac-rificing capability. Product quality can be measured, controlled and modi-fied.

Feature:Internal GPS option.Benefit:No external box to deal with just connect the magnetic mount GPS antenna and place it on your vehicle. Logs position data allowing you to plot the data with MapInfo.

Feature:Logs data in ASCII format.Benefit:Easily import file into Excel, MapInfo or other post-processing programs.

Feature:Monitor call follow information.Benefit:Identify system problems as experienced by the typical user.

Feature:Display and log handoff events, blocked calls and dropped calls.Benefit:Identify network quality problems as they occur and log them for post-processing. Monitor cellular to PCS and PCS to cellular handoffs as well as digital/analog handoffs.

Feature:Display and log cellular and PCS neighbor channel data.Benefit:Verify the neighbor list is being by the phone correctly. Verify handoff to correct neighbor at correct signal strength and error rate levels.

Feature:Handoff screen displays information on the most recent handoffs.Benefit:Verify handoff setting thresholds. Check before and after signal strength, power level and BER data for identifying improper handoffs. Ver-ify correct cell/sectors for handoffs.

Feature:Portable configuration available.Benefit:Identify problems and optimize performance inside buildings, con-vention centers, sports arenas, public walkways, shopping malls, parks, etc.


Feature:Interface to standard handsfree kit.Benefit:Monitor audio through external speaker. Phone and handsfree kit function as normal.

Feature:Custom headset with connection.Benefit:Talk and listen through a modified headset/microphone and moni-tor system performance. Use in high noise environments in vehicles or for in-building measurements.

Feature:Technical support calls handled by top level managers and devel-opment engineers.Benefit:You always get a support person that knows what they are talking about and has a vested interest in solving your problem.

Defining the ProblemDuring the implementation of wireless technology large and expensive test equipment was needed to troubleshoot problems in the real world environ-ment. The implementation phase occurs prior to commercial announce-ment of the network and prior to paying subscribers using the system.

Most of the major wireless carriers are well past the implementation phase and have a large number of paying subscribers on their networks. The wire-less technology has for the most part been proven to work effectively in live systems. Carriers are now in the ongoing phase of optimizing and upgrading their networks in order to improve quality, add services and increase capacity and coverage. Most of the network problems that degrade quality and limit capacity have been identified. These problems cause sub-scribers to experience poor audio quality, dropped calls and blocked calls among others.

The current problem in the optimization phase is not to identify new net-work type problems but rather to identify where and when the known prob-lems occur. The infrastructure diagnostics provide very good information in helping to identify these problems but it can not provide the complete picture. Most network problems occur as a result of the interaction between multiple sites and the measurements must be taken in the locations between sites. This is where the subscribers use the handsets and where they experi-ence the problems.

6 ZK Celltest, Inc.

The SolutionQUESTION: What is the most efficient and effective way to fix wireless network problems?

ANSWER: Before a problem can be fixed it must be found and duplicated in order to collect the appropriate data to successfully identify the cause.

METHODS: The carriers typically choose a proactive approach and con-tinuously drive test the system in order to find and fix problems before they affect a significant number of subscribers. This method is typically the cho-sen method among carriers because it maintains a higher level of quality and maintains and increases air time revenues.

QUESTION: What is the best drive testing method to identify and solve as many problems as possible in as short a time frame as possible? Or, how do you reduce the cycle time of finding and solving problems using existing personnel and within the real world budget requirements for equipment purchases?

ANSWER: You can either use the rifle approach or the shotgun approach. The rifle approach utilizes a few highly equipped, complicated testing sys-tems that claim to root out every possible known and unknown problem. The shotgun approach utilizes many low cost, intuitive test products that identify a large majority of known problems. The rifle approach has the advantage of identifying and solving new and difficult problems but the disadvantage of requiring a highly trained engineer and temperamental and complicated test equipment. The shotgun approach has the advantage of identifying and fixing many more known problems quickly. (i.e., the more test products searching for problems the more problems will be found and solved)

By equipping every engineer, technician and manager with a low cost test product a majority of the known problems can be solved quickly. If and when a new and difficult problem is identified then the higher end, more expensive equipment can be brought in to solve the problem. This com-bined method makes the most efficient and effective use of the low cost and high cost field testing products.

In addition, this combined method makes the best use of the people doing the work. Cell site technicians drive their regions on a daily basis visiting each cell perhaps once every two or three days. Many of the re-occurring problems can be identified and solved within the Operations group. System


Performance and/or RF Engineering can be called in for system level or unknown problems that have been identified by Operations. Data collected by the Operations technician can be forwarded to the System Performance or RF Engineering groups for more detailed analysis and problem solving techniques. This method makes the best use of time for the people in the organization and allows them to work together as a team.

Very often the data that is collected by the Technicians is never shared with System Performance or Managers. With ZK’s wireless modem option the data can automatically be transmitted back to a central server for everyone to analyse.

8 ZK Celltest, Inc.

PC Based vs. Non-PC Based Field Test Products

There is a wide range of choices for field testing equipment. They can be categorized into two basic groups; PC based and Non-PC based products. PC based products use a laptop computer or a display and keypad running PC software such as Windows 95 or 98. Non-PC based products use an embedded microprocessor design and a custom display and keypad. There are advantages and disadvantages to each. Each has their place for its par-ticular application. The following table shows some of the advantages of a non-PC based field testing product.

Feature Advantages

Small display • Mounted on the dash for safe viewing while driving• Mounts out of the way of the air bag system for safety• Transflective display viewable in direct sunlight• Designed for wide temperature ranges• Requires only one person to drive and operate equipment

Few number of keys • Simple to operate in a vehicle

Permanently installed in vehicle

• Turns on with auto ignition• No need to disconnect at night and reconnect in the morning• No threat of theft• Always on and collecting data even when driving the kids to

school

Embedded operating system

• Boots up in 3 seconds• Rarely crashes• On board memory more reliable than hard disk drive• Designed to operate in wide temperature and humidity ranges• Designed for simplicity of operation

Compact size • Easy to install• Transportable from vehicle to vehicle

Data Logging • Always logging data internally without need for PC

GPS receiver • Embedded GPS receiver requires no additional cables

Value/Cost • Lower in cost allowing many people to be equipped and identify and solve many known CDMA problems in a short cycle time

Portable configuration • Use for in-building analysis


Non-PC based products are ideally suited for equipping all system per-formance, engineering, operations and management personnel in order to quickly identify and solve problems in the network before a large number of subscribers experience them. PC-based systems are better suited for solving higher level network problems due to their cost and complexity.

How ZK Celltest Can HelpThe DXM System Access Monitor is designed to be a low cost, high per-formance field measurement and troubleshooting tool for wireless net-works. It is used by Operations, System Performance and Engineering personnel to optimize and maintain a wireless network.

By equipping the DXM with a wireless modem collected data is automati-cally sent in real-time to a central server where all people in the organiza-tion can analyse it.

The DXM is based on ZK Celltest’s DX hardware and software platform. This platform has been field proven for many years. It has proven to be an extremely reliable product.

The DXM fits into our strategy of providing products that are easy to use and understand, lightweight, small and portable, price conscious and relia-ble. Our support staff is dedicated to keep you and your DXM up and run-ning with the newest features and upgrades.

10 ZK Celltest, Inc.

ConfigurationsThis overview covers the DXM product line. The following table shows the hardware configurations and options for the DXM. The base model comes with a single phone port and single technology plus EAMPS.

TABLE 1: HARDWARE CONFIGURATIONS

Configurations/Options

Description

V Vehicular Configuration

P Portable Configuration

2, 3, 4, 5, 6 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 phone ports

PN8 800MHz PN Scanner

PN19 1900MHz PN Scanner

RG Quad band GSM/BSIC Scanner

R8 800MHz TDMA CW scanner

R19 1900MHz TDMA CW scanner

T TDMA technology

C CDMA technology

G GSM technology

X 1xRTT technology

R GPRS technology

I iDEN technology

MC8 800MHz wireless modem

MC19 800MHz wireless modem

GP GSP Receiver


DXM Vehicular

DXM SAMBREAKBREAK

ENTERENTER

Modem 800

MHz

1900

MHz

GPS

Phone 2

Pwr

DXM SAM

Contrast Control

On/Off

Power

+12VDC - Red

Ignition Sense - Yellow

Ground - Black

(Fuse taps and fuses

included in installation

kit)

Phone 1

Controller

Contrast

Control On/Off

Antennas:

Input/Output

Display

Phone 3

Connect up to 3 phones simultaneously


DXM Portable

A fully charged battery will typically provide about 6-8 hours of power. A rechargeable, external slim-line battery can be purchased as an option and will provide an additional 6-8 hours each.

If the battery is fully drained it typically takes about 8 hours to fully charge the unit.

DXM SAM

Power

1900

MHz

800

MHz

GPS

Phone 2

Pwr

Phone 1

BREAK

BREAK

ENTER

ENTER

Com

pact F

lash

Compact Flash

Battery

Front

Rear

On/Off

Phone 3


DXM Block DiagramA block diagram of the DXM is shown below. The vehicular and the porta-ble DXMs are essentially the same hardware and software except the port-able is contained in a single enclosure and has a removable battery and a carrying case. The vehicular comes in two separate enclosures and includes a handsfree kit for the desired technologies.

The dashed squares represent options. Multiple scanner options are availa-ble depending on the desired technology. A GPS receiver logs the position for post-process mapping analysis and for identifying the cellname.

An optional wireless modem automatically transfers the collected data to a central server. This ensures that the drive test data gets to the right spot and can be analysed by other people in the company.

An optional DSP board provides MOS measurements for audio quality.

ProcessorBoard

CFMemory

GPS

WirelessModem

Scanners

TDMACDMA

GSMiDen

Display

Keypad Separate enclosure

for vehicular

Battery

To phones orhandsfree kits

DSPAudioQuality


Operation & ScreensSummary of Data Screens

The summary table shown below shows all possible data screens for the DXM.

TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF DXM DATA SCREENS

ScreenName

Summary Available in all DXM models

Data Testing Requires 1xRTT (X) and/or GPRS (R) technology option and corresponding CDMA and/or GSM technology option

neighbors/Pilot Sets Available in all DXM models

Top Neighbors Available in all DXM models

Handoffs Available in all DXM models

Messages Available for CDMA and GSM only

Interference Requires R8, R19 or RG scanner

Status Available in all DXM models

CDMA Pilot Pollution/Missing neighbor *

Requires PN Scanner and CDMA option

Top PNs Requires PN8 or PN19 Scanner and CDMA option

GSM Missing neighbor Requires RG scanner

GSM Coverage Requires RG scanner

800 MHz TDMA Coverage Requires R8 Scanner

1900 TDMA MHz Coverage Requires R19 Scanner

Select Channel Mode Requires R8 or R19 Scanner


SAM-ALL ScreensIn SAM-ALL mode the DXM follows the state of the phone and scans for coverage and interference with the scanning receiver.

TDMA Technology

TDMA SummaryNote: Adjacent channel data and top control channels are not present on the ZOOM Summary screen of units without scanning receivers.

The Zoom Summary data screen is the most popular screen because it sum-marizes all the data collected by the DXM.

1009A E2 83 162 4 0 A: 314 93dbB: 353 83db

DVCC dBm

PL BER

c1010 D2 93db C/I +10dbc1008 F2

c695A C2 0db 64dvcc17 : 51 : 31 T70

N1 : c 695 -99dbN1 DVCC: 64

90db C/I +07db

c

Zoom LineInterference Data

Adjacent Channel C/I

Control Channel Data

Prior Channel Hand-Off Data

Strongest Neighbor Cell Data

Band Indicator


TDMA Neighbor Screen

When a neighbor list message is sent to the phone by a cell site, the phone uses the list to measure the signal strength of the neighboring cells. The DXM picks up the neighbor cell measurements from the phone and shows them on this screen.

A hand-off is imminent when the signal strength of the neighbor cell site becomes stronger than the RSSI of the active channel shown in the zoom row.

If there are more than twelve neighbor channels in the list, the DXM will automatically add a second screen displaying the additional neighbor chan-nels. The user can switch between the two screens by using the left/right arrow keys. An arrow in the bottom right corner of the screen shows which arrow key to press to view the other Zoom neighbor screen.

1009A E2 83 162 4 0 DVCC db PL BER

c 715 153 87c 708 153 85c 695 111 101c 711 162 87

c 693 43 99 c 992 162 107c1002 43 101c 686 111 95

p 992 153 103p 997 97p 999 99p 705 93

Neighbors 12:21:52 M08 RSSI -->

cBand Indicator

Channel NumberDVCC RSSI

Indicates more neighborson another screen

Strongestneighbor


TDMA Top Neighbor Screen

This screen is similar to Zoom neighbor Screen, except that it lists the top five neighbors in order of signal strength.

M62

CHAN SET RS CC PL BE TAc 711A A1 79 162 2 0c 996 D1 79 153p 715 D2 91 153p 999 A1 95 162c 693 E2 99 162c 992 A2 99 162

04:46:10 Top Neighbors

M00-40-50

-70 -80 -90dBm

-60

1 3 5

Neighbor Phone Channel DataActive Phone Channel Data Row

Band Indicator


TDMA Hand-Off ScreenWhen a hand-off fails, the user can lose the call. This screen is a handy tool for optimizing the location and nature of hand-offs between adjacent cell sites and for detecting hardware errors within the sites.

The Hand-Off screen is unique when compared to other DXM screens, because it offers a robust, multi-mode line graph feature with optional viewing modes for:

• Signal Strength (RSSI)• Transmit Power (PL)• Bit Error Rate (BER)

Examples for all three graph modes are shown below, with a summary of their screen elements.

Phone Hand-Off Screen in Signal Strength Graph Mode

Handoffs 12 : 16 : 34

M00-40-50-60-70-80-90

dBm

CHAN SET RS dR CC P B

6464

343230

p695B 93 64 2 0c711C C2 109 +3 64 0 0c695A C2 109 -4 64 +1 0c1009A E2 87 0 48 0 0c15A D3 87 0 128 0 0c1009A E2 109 0 48 -1 0

Power Level and delta Power Level

Bit Error Rate and delta Bit Error Rate

Signal Strength Line Graph

Color Code

delta RSSI

RSSIChannel Set

Channel

DVCC or Set of new channelAlso indicates hand-off point

BandIndicator

Normal video - Voice channel

Inverse video - control channel

Cellular toPCS handoff


TDMA Status ScreenThis text-only screen is a handy quick reference for identifying miscellane-ous information. When equipped with the GPS option, the DXM displays the GPS position as follows:

• Latitude Coordinates (degrees decimal, up to four deci-mal places with the hemisphere indicator.

Example: Latitude: 37.3810N)

• Longitude Coordinates (degrees decimal, up to four deci-mal places with the hemisphere indicator.

Example: Longitude: 121.9414W)

M16

NetType: Pb Pr Rs

PSID1:PSID2:

SID:

4:46:10 Date: 1999-09-14Status

31 Phone Type: Nokia 51/61XX

PSID3:PSID4:RSID:

Longitude: 37.9801NLatitude: 121.3801W

Phone Type

Network Type

Public System ID

Private System ID

Residential System ID


GSM Technology

GSM Summary ScreenThe following shows measured data for GSM.

Parameters shown are as follows:• p - Hyperband (p=1900MHz)• 677 = channel number (ARFCN or BCCH)• A = Time slot (0=A, 7=G)• H=Hopping sequence number (1 in above example)• dBmF=RSSI Full (-83)• BSIC (Base Station Identifier Code)=39• PL (Mobile Transmit Power)=0• QF (RxQUAL - Audio quality measurement)=3• CI (Cell Identity)=25773• TA (Timing Advance)=3• RLT (Radio Link Timeout)=16• C1 (Path Loss)=6• N1 (Strongest Neighbor)

677A 1 -83 39 0 3 TA: 3 RLT:16 C1:6N1: p680 -96dBm BSIC 56

BSIC dBmF PL QF

p677B -1dBm -96dBm BSIC 39 P1 Zoom Summary 15:39:58 M77

p H

CID 25773

Channel prior to handoff


GSM Data Screen (GPRS/EDGE Testing)The GSM/GPRS/EDGE Data Test screen shows the standard GSM zoom line on top with the data testing elements below. Three data tests are con-ducted and repeated if desired; FTP-Upload, FTP-Download and HTTP Download.

The data testing settings are defaulted to the ZK Servers. Settings can be changed to the customer’s ftp and http servers via the menu commands.

Screen ElementsZoom Line: Same as GSM Summary screen.

Connection Status: Four call states are displayed:

Dialling: The phone is dialling.

Connecting: PPP link is establishing.

IP: Displays the IP address of the remote computer when con-nected.

Terminated: Call was terminated.

LogsAlong with the standard information logged on the wireless traffic channel the DXM also logs the end-to-end data throughput and the status of the PPP link. For detailed log file formats see the DXM Manual Appendix A.

677A 1 -68 39 0 3H

IP: 190.155.155.68 Test: FTP-UploadKB/sec: Avg=3.95 Current=2.97 Peak=5.20Bytes Transferred: 55600 of 102400Fails: test=2(14%)P1 Data Test

dBmS P BSIC

PL

23:07:42 M99 M10

QS


GSM Neighbor ScreenThe following screen shows the GSM carrier information in large charac-ters and the first 12 neighbors with their BSIC and signal strength.

Selecting the RIGHT arrow key shows additional neighbors if they exist and the UP/DOWN arrow keys switch between RSSI and delta RSSI.

GSM Handoff ScreenThe following screen shows the serving channel and the previous 5 hand-offs. Pressing the UP/DOWN arrow keys changes the graph between RSSI, RxQUAL and Mobile Transmit Power (PL).

Wabash 680 70 -87Lakewood 682 07 -90Vernon 667 55 -93

P3 Zoom Neighbor 12:21:52 M08

677D 1 -92 47 0 7 BSIC dBmF PL QFp H

41st 665 40 -95Airport 673 60 -97Downtown 664 56 -98

Channel BSIC RSSI

Cellname

P1 Handoffs 12 : 16 : 34

M90-40-50-60-70-80-90

dBm

CHAN HSN RS dR CC P Q

5454

343230

p695B 33 93 54 2 3p711D 10 109 +3 54 0 10p695A 21 109 -4 54 +1p609A 32 87 0 48 0p615A 14 87 0 28 0p709A 55 109 0 48 -1


GSM Status ScreenThe GSM status screen shows ID information about the network, phone type and position.

GSM Over-the-Air MessagesOver-the-Air messages are displayed and logged. The data section of the Over-the-Air message will be logged and the most important part of the data section will be translated to english and displayed in the Info column.

While in realtime (SAM-ALL) mode or Playback mode the up/down arrow keys can be used to scroll backward and forward to view the last 40 mes-sages. However, all of the Over-the-Air messages are logged to memory for Playback or post-processing.

M85

MCC: 310MNC: 17LAC: 235CI: 25771

P1 Status 4:46:10 2002-01-14

Phone Type: Nokia 6190

Longitude: 37.9801NLatitude: 121.3801W

mm:ss Class/Type Info46:26 F/Order Release_Order46:26 R/Order Release_Order46:17 R/Order MS_Ack46:17 F/NbrListUpd46:16 R/HOComplete46:16 R/Order MS_AckMessages 10:46:26 M57 M10

Data portion of key messages are decoded

Arrow indicates additional messages to viewUse arrow keys to scroll back and forth to view messages


CDMA Technology

CDMA Summary ScreenAn example of the CDMA Zoom Summary screen is shown below. The zoom line on top displays channel information. Up to three additional zoom lines will be displayed with the Active Set cell name, PN code and Ec/Io. If there is only one or two active set members the third row will dis-play time and GPS information. When the phone is idle listening to the paging channel, the top zoom line will be light on dark. When it is on a traffic channel it will be dark on light.

The next three zoom lines are the PNs in the active set with their corre-sponding cell name, PN code and Ec/Io value. The PN with the strongest Ec/Io will be light on dark. If more than 3 actives are present the large char-acters will change to small characters in order to display them on the same screen. They will revert back to large characters automatically when the number of actives goes to 2.

The right side displays up to 5 candidates/neighbors with their cell names, PN codes and Ec/Io values. Candidate set members will be displayed as light characters over a dark background in order of strongest to weakest Ec/Io. Then the neighbor set members will be displayed as dark characters over a light background in order of strongest to weakest Ec/Io.

Up to eight characters are available for the cell name. This information is entered into an ASCII table via a PC and Download into the DXM.

When there are three active set members the third active set member will be displayed where the screen name and GPS information would normally appear.

50 -68 -23 -11 5RxAGC

name5 212 -17name6 33 -22name7 64 -23name8 156 -26name9 133 -30

TxPwr

P TxAdj FER

3rd St. 15 -3Hwy101 351 -15

23:07:42Zoom SummaryLat: 37.9188NLon: 121.1212W

Freq Channel RSSI FERTx Power Tx Gain Adj.

Strongest

Strongest

Active Set: Cell Name, PN, Ec/Io

Strongest PN:

Light on dark

Dark on light

Light on DarkCandidates

Neighbors


CDMA Data Screen (1xRTT/CDMA2000 Testing)The CDMA Data Test screen shows the standard CDMA zoom line on top with the data testing elements below. Three data tests are conducted and repeated if desired; FTP-Upload, FTP-Download and HTTP Download.

The data testing settings are defaulted to the ZK Servers. Settings can be changed to the customer’s ftp and http servers via the menu commands.

Screen ElementsZoom Line: Same as CDMA Summary screen.

Connection Status: Four call states are displayed:

Dialing: The phone is dialing.

Connecting: PPP link is establishing.

IP: Displays the IP address of the remote computer when con-nected.

Terminated: Call was terminated.

LogsAlong with the standard information logged on the wireless traffic channel the DXM also logs the end-to-end data throughput and the status of the PPP link. For detailed log file formats see the DXM Manual Appendix A.

425 -68 -23 -11 5RxAGC

IP: 190.155.155.68 Test: FTP-UploadKB/sec: Avg=3.95 Current=2.97 Peak=5.20Bytes Transferred: 55600 of 102400Fails: test=2(14%)P1 Data Test

TxPwr

C TxAdj FER

23:07:42 M99 M10


CDMA Pilot Sets Screen - Active, Candidate and Neighbor SetThe Pilot Sets screen displays the Active Set, Candidate and Neighbor Set member PN’s and corresponding Ec/Io. The highlighted items have the strongest Ec/Io values for each of the three sets (Active, Candidate, neigh-bor). A sample screen is shown below. If no signal is present for the neigh-bors than the Ec/Io field is blank.

The RSSI, TxPower and FER fields will be replaced for calls with 4, 5 or 6 active set members.

CDMA Missing Neighbors/Pilot Pollution ScreenIf the user has the PN8 and/or PN19 scanner option in stalled then the PN scanner can be programmed to follow a call in progress on another CDMA phone connected to another DXM phone port.

This screen displays PN that are strong enough to be in the neighbor list but are not and displays PNs that are pilot polluters.

15 -4 261 -13 351 -13 372 402183 -11 3 -24 30 -24 207351 -12 183 -9 345Rss: -65 198 -23 66 -22TxP: -20 216 -21 225 -21FER: 3 384 -27 396 -14

75PilotSets 12 : 16 : 34

ACTIVES CANDIDATES NEIGHBORS

Strongest PN in each category is highlighted

Blank Ec/Io indicates no signal present

50 -4 -23 -11 5AggE/Io

TxPwr

P TxAdj FER

23:07:42 M99 M10

P3 PnScan TDrop: -13 Th: -4

Polluter PN PH SCDowntown 15 -04 -06Metro_st 381 -09 -07Uptown 183 -08

Missing Nbr PN SCTrimble 15 -09Airport 381 -10Train_St 183 -11


CDMA Handoff ScreenThe following display shows the current channel information updated in real-time in the top row with the 5 most recent handoffs in the following rows. A CDMA handoff is defined as an addition or deletion from the Active Set or a change in the frequency channel. This display shows analog and CDMA handoffs. Dark characters over a light background indicates a voice channel and light characters over a dark background indicates a con-trol or paging channel.

Two handoff rows are used to represent 4, 5 or 6 way handoffs.

The parameters are defined as follows:

• mm:ss - minutes:seconds• c, p - Hyperband indicator, c for cellular, p for PCS• CHAN - Channel number for analog, Frequency Channel

for CDMA

26:32 p 50 -67 351 -4 28 -13 408 -12 -18 026:28 p 50 -65 351 -4 28 -11 026:22 p 50 -75 28 -7 026:20 p 50 -75 351 -826:10 c 347 -76 SET=G2 DCC=226:03 c 585 -80 SET=G2 SAT=1Handoffs 12 : 26 : 33

mm:ss Chan Rs PN1 E1 PN2 E2 PN3 E3 Pw F P/S RSS d

Use up/down keys to scroll and view the previous 40 handoffs

26:32 p 50 -69 351 -6 28 -10 408 -11 -11 148 -13

26:32 p 50 -67 351 -4 28 -13 408 -12 -18 026:28 p 50 -65 351 -4 28 -1126:22 p 50 -75 28 -726:20 p 50 -75 351 -8Handoffs 12 : 26 : 33

mm:ss Chan Rs PN1 E1 PN2 E2 PN3 E3 Pw F

Two rows represent a 4-way handoffPN 48 with Ec/Io of -13 is the 4th active set member


• Rs - RSSI on analog channel and Receive AGC for CDMA in units of dBm. First row is current information and prior rows are values just prior to handoff.

• PN1, PN2, PN3 - Active Set PNs• E1, E2, E3 - Corresponding Ec/Io for active set. First row

is current information and prior rows are values just prior to handoff.

• P - Power Level for analog, Transmit power for CDMA• F - Frame Error Rate for CDMA

CDMA StatusThe following display shows status and miscellaneous information.

The DXM automatically recognizes the phone model and displays it.

M16

Phone Type: QCP-2700 SID: 4183Phone Mode: CDMA NID: 0

Latitude: 37.9801NLongitude: 121.2322W

4:46:10 Date: 11-19-1998Status


CDMA Over-the-Air MessagesOver-the-Air messages are displayed and logged. The data section of the Over-the-Air message will be logged and the most important part of the data section will be translated to english and displayed in the Info column.

While in realtime (SAM-ALL) mode or Playback mode the up/down arrow keys can be used to scroll backward and forward to view the last 40 mes-sages. However, all of the Over-the-Air messages are logged to memory for Playback or post-processing.

Cellname (CDMA and GSM)The DXM allows you to store a maximum of 1500 cellnames. These cell-names will be displayed on the Zoom Summary screen and logged in mem-ory. They are designed to help the user identify the channel source easily.

The Cellname feature allows the user to define their own names of the cell or sector for CDMA and GSM channels only. A table is provided that stores the cellname information. Default tales are pre-loaded into the DXM. This table can be exported to a PC to use as a template for editing and imported back into the DXM. The name of the cell or sector will be displayed based on its PN or BSIC and hyperband.

If more than one cellname has the same PN or BSIC and hyperband then the unit performs additional comparisons. For non-GPS DXM units, cell-names with the same PN or BSIC can be distinguished by comparing the BASE_ID or Cell_ID transmitted over the air to the BASE_ID or Cell_ID

mm:ss Class/Type Info46:26 F/Order Release_Order46:26 R/Order Release_Order46:17 R/Order MS_Ack46:17 F/NbrListUpd46:16 R/HOComplete46:16 R/Order MS_AckMessages 10:46:26 M57 M10

Data portion of key messages are decoded

Arrow indicates additional messages to viewUse arrow keys to scroll back and forth to view messages


entered in the cellname table. However, the BASE_ID or Cell_ID informa-tion is only transmitted on the paging channel, thus this feature will not work for traffic channels. In addition, the correct BASE_ID or Cell_ID val-ues must be entered into the cellname table and loaded into the DXM.

For GPS-capable units, the BASE_ID or Cell_ID and the GPS location of the DXM are used to distinguish between cellnames with the same PN or BSIC. However, for the GPS search function to work correctly, the user must input the GPS position of the cells in the cellname table and the DXM must have a GPS fix.

In the ZOOM Summary screen the cellname will be displayed for the active set members and the top 5 candidate/neighbor cells.

The user can create their own cellname table by exporting the default table and using it as a template with a text editor, adding their desired cellnames. Up to 8 characters can be displayed and logged for the cellname.

Scanning Screens

Adjacent Channel Interference ScreenWhen cellular callers complain about noisy or crackly calls, a possible cul-prit is interference from a strong adjacent channel signal level. The Inter-ference data screen shows the adjacent channel interference levels that are below the user selectable threshold.

M99-40-50

-70-80-90

dBm

-60

2

CHAN SET RS CC CI P B

c 995 E1 95 +10c 996A D1 85 153 2 0c 997 C1 100 +15

Interference 4:46:10

Last Instance04:46:05

BandIndicator

Lower Adjacent

Upper Adjacent

Timeinterferenceoccurred


GSM CoverageThe user can load up to 200 channels per band/per hyperband for the GSM scanner to scan. For the RSSI levels above a user-defined threshold the BSIC will be decoded.

The following screen will display the 6 strongest channels and BSICs on the left and the strongest over time on the graph on the right.

Up to 21 of the strongest channels can be logged.

CDMA CoverageThe scanner can be programmed to scan user-defined carriers and bands. All the PNs will be scanned and the 6 strongest will be displayed and the top 21 will be logged.

The following screen will display the 6 strongest PNs on the left and the strongest PN over time on the graph on the right.

Up to 21 of the strongest PNs can be logged.

M99-40-50

-70 -80 -90dBm

-60

1 3 5

46 50# Chan BSIC RSSI1 p 12 03 -502 p 23 22 -553 p 34 14 -634 p 45 53 -785 p 56 42 -856 p 67 33 -90

4:51:10GSM PCS A

322

M99-05-10

-20 -25 -30dBm

-15

1 3 5

46 50# PN E/Io1 p 2 -062 p 23 -083 p 44 -114 p 15 -135 p 36 -146 p 17 -14

4:51:10PCS DCCH A

223


Control A/B Bar Graph

Note: Available on DXM with R8 receiver only. Also, this screen is only displayed when both the cellular A and B analog control channel scanning is selected.

The Control A/B Bar Graph data screen shows the environment found by the DXM R8 scanner, and is ideally suited for viewing instantaneous meas-urements of all A and B band EAMPS System control channel RSSIs.

This data screen is typically used when evaluating coverage and competi-tive analysis. It shows both System A and System B analog cellular control channels.

324 0

322 0324 0

353 2342 2342 2

323 0

327 0314 0

336 0337 0337 0

1st 2nd

11 : 00 : 34 315 320 325 330

324 / 90

335 340 345 350

353 / 87M00-60-70

-90-100-110dBm

-80

System A Bar Graph

System B Bar Graph

Results Group


AMPS Control A (same for Control B)

Note: Available on DXM with R8 Scanning receiver.

The AMPS Control A Only data screen is used for viewing instantaneous measurements of all the A band analog cellular control channels and the strongest control channel RSSI over a period of time. It is ideal for gather-ing data while the user is on the move between one or more cell site areas.

Cellular DCCH ANote: Available on DXM units with an R19 scanning receiver.

This screen displays the strongest 6 cellular digital control channels. The user can define up to 165 digital control channels for each cellular band A & B by editing the channel set file.

M99-40-50

-70-80-90

dBm

-60

315 320 325 330

330/ 65 44 46 45 501st 2nd

330 0 316 0330 0 316 0

330 0 316 0330 0 316 0

330 0 316 0330 0 316 0

4:51:10AMPS CCH A

30

Results Groups

Bar Graph Line Graph

M99-40-50

-70 -80 -90dBm

-60

1 3 5

46 50# Chan RSSI1 p 2 -502 p 3 -553 p 4 -634 p 5 -785 p 6 -856 p 7 -90

4:51:10AMPS DCCH A

23

Band Channel

6 strongestDCCH’s

Strongest DCCH over time


Cellular DCCH BSame as Cellular DCCH A with DCCH B channels.

PCS DCCH ANote: Requires an R19 scanning receiver.

This screen is the same as the AMPS DCCH A & B screens except it applies to PCS DCCH channels. The user can load up to 165 PCS DCCH channels for each PCS band A through F.

PCS DCCH B through FNote: Requires an R19 scanning receiver.

Same as PCS DCCH A. One screen is available for each band within the PCS hyperband. The user can turn scanning on and off for each band within the PCS hyperband.

SAM-ALL PlaybackThe SAM-ALL Playback function provides three options for sequential replaying of the data contained in log memory. In SAM-ALL Playback mode, data is presented in the same graphical format as is found in SAM-ALL mode; the mode of operation in which the data was collected.

Playback is not available for Select Channel mode or Monitor mode.

Note: Data displayed during playback is taken from the log memory. If the top two control channels were logged then only these control channels will be displayed during playback. The same is true for voice channel sets.

M99-40-50

-70 -80 -90dBm

-60

1 3 5

46 50# Chan RSSI1 p 2 -502 p 3 -553 p 4 -634 p 5 -785 p 6 -856 p 7 -90

4:51:10PCS DCCH A

23


Even though some of the data displays may not have been selected for viewing while collecting the data file, they can be turned on in Playback mode. This is because the data is saved whether or not you choose to view certain screens during real time analysis.

Upon the selection of SAM-ALL Playback from the Main Menu, the fol-lowing screen is displayed:

Playback of recorded data can be started from the beginning of log memory (i.e., the oldest log), at a specific time within the range of time covered by log memory or at a specific marker placed in log memory by the user dur-ing data collection.

The ENTER key can be pressed to pause and resume playback.

Start at Beginning

If the option to start at the beginning of log memory is chosen, playback will commence immediately at the earliest point in log memory.

Start at Time Stamp. . .

Playback will commence at the time stamp in log memory on the date and time entered. If no time stamp is found to be earlier than the date and time entered by the user, playback will commence at the next time stamp imme-diately following the date and time entered.

PLAYBACK

Start at Time Stamp . . .Start at Marker . . .Start at Beginning


The factory default playback start time is set to 30 seconds prior to the last time recorded. This allows the user to quickly replay the last 30 seconds of information without having to manually adjust the start time. If the user wants to change the default playback start time to one minute they would change the playback start time manually to one minute prior to the end of the file. The next time this feature is used it will default to one minute prior to the end if the file.

Start Playback at Marker

Playback will commence at the time stamp in log memory immediately preceding the marker number entered. If no time stamp is found, playback will commence at the next time stamp immediately following the marker number entered.

Select Channel Data Screens

In SELECT CHANNEL mode, all of the user designated channels are scanned and their RSSIs are measured continuously, displayed on screen, and logged. If the user has the GPS option, GPS data will also be logged.

For analog cellular voice channels, SAT is reported and for analog/IS54 control channels, DCC and SID are reported. If the unit is equipped with both the R8 and R19 scanning receivers then the user can scan channels from both the cellular and PCS hyperbands.

M99-40-50

-70-80-90dBm

-60

531

#1 c2 c3 c4 p5 p6 p

Chan325333341996708715

001

RSSI948790697986

DCC SAT

Select Channel 12:35:35

SID313131

Hyperband indicator


Audio Quality MeasurementsWith the audio quality option you can measure uplink/downlink audio quality on multiple phones/systems simultaneously with true MOS meas-urements. Speech clips are sent in both directions and measured and recorded. Uplink MOS data is stored in the RMS Server and downlink-MOS data is stored in the DXM. The DXM data can be sent via ftp to the RMS Server where it is merged with the uplink data.

Using the RMS Server software the user can create maps and reports of the data along with the other engineering data collected by the DXM. (See RMS Product Description for data analysis features.)

The user sets up autodialling with the DXM. Calls can be generated in both uplink and downlink directions. If the DXM has the wireless modem option the downlink data can be transmitted to the RMS Server and merged with the uplink data.

Export Log Memory

A large amount of log data can be stored to the Compact FLASH memory card in the DXM units. With a 300MB card you can expect to log 100 hours of data.

With the wireless modem option the log data can be automatically trans-mitted to a standard FTP server or to the ZK RMS Server.

T1/E1 Lines

P ub licTe lep hon eNe twork

Ce llu larNe twork

DXM

Up lin k

Down lin k

S end Sp eec h ClipS end FTP Da ta

S end Sp eec h ClipS end FTP Da ta

Au d io

LANEthernet

Meas ure Up link Au d io Qu a lityRe ce ive FTP Da ta

Meas ure Do wn link Au d io Qua lityRe ce ive FTP Da ta

FTP Data

FTP Da ta an d Aud io

Wire les s

DXM SAMBREAKBREAK

ENTERENTER

DXM SAM


Analysis of the data can be done by MapInfo by converting it with ZK Celltest’s CellMap software or with Excel or with ZK’s RMS Server.

ConclusionThe DXM is a full featured and reliable product. The hardware and soft-ware has been field proven by cellular engineers for more than five years. ZK Celltest has been supplying field measurement equipment since 1985. We are dedicated to supplying the highest quality products and service pos-sible.

For more information please contact us at any of the following:

ZK Celltest, Inc.3180 De La Cruz Blvd.Suite 201Santa Clara, CA 95054

Tel: 408-986-8080Toll Free: 800-CELLTESTFax: 408-986-8178email: [email protected] Site: www.zk.com

DXM Product Overview

Technology

status screen

summary screen

handoff screen

gsm neighbor screen

cdma handoff screen

channel interference

data screen gprsedge

cdma technology