Direct Seeded Submergence tolerant rice to sustain production in Deep Water Rice (DWR) areas of Bangladesh Md. Nazim Uddin Mondal Former Associate Scientist-Extension Agronomy, International Rice Research Institute And Deputy Director, Agriculture Extension, Department of Agriculture Extension Gazipur, Bangladesh. Email: [email protected]Abstract: Deep Water Rice DWR area is decreasing in Bangladesh at an alarming rate. In the past about 2 million hectare of land was covered by DWR which is now only .411 million ha. The main reason of decrease is hydrotropic and physiographic change of landmass. The other reason is decline of profit and shortage of water and labour. Profitable environmentally friendly technology is to sustain productivity of the area is limited. However, farmer of the DWR growing areas tried to face the situation and research to find the way out. Farmers of Lower Atri Basin of Naugoan, Bangladesh successfully transform the cropping pattern to profitable after long trial and error. Development of submergence tolerant rice varieties and advancement in Direct Seeding DSR technology open up avenue to replace the DWR area to profitable and high productive rice zone of Bangladesh for future food security. Key words: Deep Water Rice, Direct Seeded Rice, Submergence tolerant rice, Farmers knowledge share, Physiographic change, DSR machines, cropping pattern, sustainable rice production. Introduction: Rice is grown on about 10.5 million hectares in Bangladesh which has remained almost stable over the past three decades. Rice crop are divided into four as Boro (winter rice), Aus (Spring rice) and Aman ( Autumn rice) Deep Water Rice (DWR or B.Aman). In 1971 total rice production in Bangladesh was about 10.59 million tons when the country's population was only about 70.88 millions dominated by DWR. DWR covered with an area about 2 million hectare in 1979-80 (Taylor B, 2000) against total 10.967 million hectare rice in 1980-81(IFRI 2012) . However, DWR rice area dropped to only .411 million hectare in 2013-14 (DAE) against total rice area of 10.5 million hectare due to hydrographic and physiographic change of the lowland DWR environment in Bangladesh. There must be potential technologies and areas for new interventions to sustain growth of rice production to suitable replacement to face hydrographic change of DWR growing areas. However, this paper looks the potentiality to introduce Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) technology combine with submergence tolerant rice varieties to the areas covered by DWR. Deep Water Rice (DWR) in Bangladesh: In history Bangladesh has the largest area in the world devoted to B.Aman or Deep Water Rice. Estimated in the literature vary from 3000000 ha to 2000000 ha ( Chowdhary and Zaman 1970). Official statistic (BBS 1976) cite an average 1.9 million hector for 1969-70 and 1.7 million hector for 1979-80 the latest published. The precise area probably was never very accurately known - the figure was given as "nearly 5 million acres" (in excess of 2 million hectares). (Taylor B 2000 David H.C. 1992) (Map in appendix 1 shows the DWR area of Bangladesh) Environment for Deep Water Aman or B.Aman: B.Aman rice grow well in Medium Lowland and Low land Medium which is normally flooded between 90cm. and 180cm. depth and low land is normally flood between 180cm. and 275 cm. depth during the monsoon season. The area spreads over major parts of Comilla, Brahmanbaria, Chandpur, Gopalgonj
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Direct Seeded Submergence tolerant rice to sustain
production in Deep Water Rice (DWR) areas of
Bangladesh Md. Nazim Uddin Mondal Former Associate Scientist-Extension Agronomy, International Rice Research Institute And Deputy Director, Agriculture Extension, Department of Agriculture Extension Gazipur, Bangladesh. Email: [email protected]
Abstract: Deep Water Rice DWR area is decreasing in Bangladesh at an alarming rate. In
the past about 2 million hectare of land was covered by DWR which is now only .411 million
ha. The main reason of decrease is hydrotropic and physiographic change of landmass. The
other reason is decline of profit and shortage of water and labour. Profitable environmentally
friendly technology is to sustain productivity of the area is limited. However, farmer of the
DWR growing areas tried to face the situation and research to find the way out. Farmers of
Lower Atri Basin of Naugoan, Bangladesh successfully transform the cropping pattern to
profitable after long trial and error. Development of submergence tolerant rice varieties and
advancement in Direct Seeding DSR technology open up avenue to replace the DWR area to
profitable and high productive rice zone of Bangladesh for future food security.
Key words: Deep Water Rice, Direct Seeded Rice, Submergence tolerant rice, Farmers
BBS 1976, Agricultural Production Level in Bangladesh (1947-1972), Bangladesh Bureau of
Statics, Statisttics Division, University Planning, Dacca. www.bbs.gov.bd
Chowdhary, M.A. and S.M.H Zaman 1970, Deep Water Rice of East Pakistan 13th
Int. Rice
Commision Working Party, Rice Production and Protection Iran, 1970, Paper
IRC/pp/70/V11/6.
David H.C. 1992, Rice in Deep Water, International Rice Research Institute, The Macmillan
Press Ltd. London and Basingstoke. Hoque M.E 2001, FAO, Corporate document produced by: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific Region, M. Enamul Hoque , Director-General, Department
of Agriculture Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Islam AKMS, Hossain MM, Saleque MA, 2013, Evaluation of Direct Seeded Rice Planter
under Minimum Tillage Practices, The Agriculturists 11(2): 87-95 (2013) ISSN 2304-
7321 (Online), ISSN 1729-5211 (Print),A Scientific Journal of Krishi Foundation
Indexed Journal
Islam AKMS, Haque ME, Hossain MM, MA Saleque MA and RW Bell RW Water and fuel
Saving technologies: Unpuddled bed and strip tillage for wet season rice cultivation in