This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
DUNMAN HIGH SCHOOL 德明政府中学 Preliminary Examination Year 6
中国通识 9629/1试卷一 CHINA STUDIES IN CHINESE Higher 2 Paper 1
14 September 2017
1 hours 30 minutes Additional Materials: Chinese Writing Paper (*6)
考生须知
1 本试卷共有 3道小题,全做,共占 30 分。
2 请使用黑色或深蓝色笔作答。
3 你可以用铅笔画图或草稿。
4 细读每一组的指示后才作答。
本试题共 6 页。
姓名 编号 班级
6C ( )
2
案例分析(共占 30 分)
阅读所提供的资料,回答所有的问题。
中国“一带一路”倡议
资料 A
过去三年,已有 100 多个国家和国际组织积极响应支持“一带一路”,40 多个国家
和国际组织同中国签署了合作协议。“一带一路”的展开饱含中国智慧:倡议由中方提
出,建设由大家共同进行。中方坚持“共商共建共享”理念,对全球经济治理体系进行了
积极探索,为世界提供了极为重要的公共产品,显示了大国的责任与担当。
2008 年全球金融危机爆发以来,世界经济仍处在缓慢复苏之中,各国经济增长乏
力、发展动力不足,贸易和投资保护主义有所抬头。全球经济治理体系变革紧迫性越来越
突出,国际社会呼声越来越高。全球治理体系只有适应国际经济格局新要求,才能为全球
经济提供有力保障。
习近平如此阐释“一带一路”的角色和作用:以“一带一路”建设为契机,开展跨国
互联互通,提高贸易和投资合作水平,推动国际产能和装备制造合作,本质上是通过提高
有效供给来催生新的需求,实现世界经济再平衡。习近平也强调,国家不分大小、强弱、
贫富,都是国际社会平等成员,理应平等参与决策、享受权利、履行义务。要赋予新兴市
场国家和发展中国家更多代表性和发言权。
“一带一路”顺应了广大发展中国家要求推动和完善全球经济治理的呼声,体现了对
现有全球治理体系和模式的积极探索。它不仅是中国经济增长的助推器,也是全球经济增
长的新动力。联合国负责经济与社会事务的副秘书长吴红波表示:“‘一带一路’倡议是
中国为国际社会提供的重要公共产品。这个倡议和构建人类命运共同体理念都被写入相关
联合国决议,这是中国参与全球治理的重要里程碑。”
[摘录自黄昌成<一带一路已成重要公共产品,构建全球经济治理新格局的中国担当>,
《时代周刊》,2017 年 5 月 9日]
3
资料 B
图表一: “一带一路 ” 项目区域分布情况
[取自<一带一路概念即将迎来风口>,《易未网》,2017 年 4 月 24 日]
图表二:2016 年中国与“一带一路”沿线国家合作成果
2016 年中国与“一带一路”沿线国家 进出口总额 6.3 万亿元人民币
增长 0.6%
对沿线国家 直接投资
145 亿美元,
占中国对外 投资总额的
8.5%
中国企业已在
“一带一路” 沿线 20 个国家,
建设了 56 个 经贸合作区
累计投资 超过
185 亿美元
为东道国创造
近 11 亿 美元的税收
和 18 万个 就业岗位
[取自<一带一路持续升温>,《人民日报海外网》,2017 年 4 月 4 日]
蒙古 1%
其他 1%
非洲 25%
东南亚 22%
俄罗斯 6%
大洋洲 2%
美洲 3%
西亚 8%
中东欧 5% 中亚
8%
南亚 19%
4
资料 C
随着“一带一路”建设的推进, “一带一路”威胁论也出现了。例如过剩产能威胁
论、国际秩序另起炉灶论、文明冲突论,等等。
但是,许多国家把期望寄托在中国,寄托在“一带一路”身上。这是因为中国成功脱
贫致富吸引了他们,也是因为对美国和西方的绝望。比如,美国获知中国要在吉布提建军
事后勤保障基地时,曾派大使阻挠,但吉布提总统坚定地说:“我们给西方一百多年机会
了,美法长期租借吉布提作为军港,可是我们始终贫穷!1950 年代,吉布提与新加坡发
展相近,如今新加坡人均近 6万美元,我们却成为世界穷国!”
尽管中国主张建立新型大国关系,但美国始终阻挠“一带一路”。这就需要我们落实
“共商共建共享”的路线图,推进机制化建设,通过项目担保、再保险等方式,预防和化
解风险。更重要的是,建设“一带一路”要确立持久战思想,不能急功近利,要推行类似
改革开放的试点推广、循序渐进模式。
形形色色的“一带一路”威胁论提醒我们,一定要坚定信念,坚持“企业主体、政府
服务、市场原则、国际标准”,切实贯彻好、实施好“共商共建共享”原则。中国企业要
与“一带一路”沿线国家的当地社会组织打交道,充分估计各种突发、意外事件,防止少
数人绑架“一带一路”项目,毁坏“一带一路”声誉,成为各种利益纠纷的牺牲品。
[摘录自王义桅<如何化解一带一路威胁论?>,《人民网》,2016 年 7 月 20 日]
资料 D
西方很多人认为,中国提出“一带一路”倡议,意在扩大中国的战略和政治影响力,
对美国非常不利。该观点也许不无道理,但我们也不应忽视“一带一路”倡议的经济考
虑,毕竟经济才是支撑地缘政治战略的基础。
的确有些因素促使中国提出“一带一路”。这包括推动边远欠发达地区的经济发展、
为钢铁产业的庞大过剩产能寻找出路等。但中国的核心目标比这些更高更远、更有雄心。
中国知道,随着经济日渐成熟,人民收入不断提高,曾推动中国经济增长的低附加值产业
将转移到相对落后的国家,因为那里的劳动力成本比中国低。中国希望通过“一带一路”
5
战略,巩固自己在全球供应链和制造业体系中的核心地位,在高技术、高附加值产业中占
据最大份额。这一地位将是未来几十年里主导全球经济的关键。
“一带一路”倡议在上述经济愿景中处于核心地位,这一倡议不仅与中国在未来几十
年里发展关键技术并制定全球技术标准(如高速铁路系统和数据传输网络等)的国家战略
相吻合,而且两者是互相促进的。
不过,这些只是中国人的大胆规划,要想成为现实,需要大规模的资金投入、技术研
发、政策支持以及国际合作,这其中任何一项都不是轻易就可实现的。
[摘录自休怀特<中国一带一路战略将对美国主导的国际秩序构成挑战>,《壹读网》,
2017 年 4 月 28 日]
资料 E
中国国家主席习近平 2013 年提出“一带一路”倡议,目的是将中国和其他亚洲国家
乃至非洲和欧洲连接起来,通过建设“一带一路”沿线急需的公路、铁路、港口和资源管
线等基础设施,打造一个“利益共同体、责任共同体和命运共同体。”
中国认为,一旦建成,“一带一路”将覆盖全球 65 个国家,44 亿人口以及 40%的经
济产出,为其他发展中国家创造前所未有的机会,也将帮助中国更好地利用国内外市场和
资源,强化自身经济实力,继续担当全球经济增长的火车头。
2014 年到 2016 年期间,中国已和参与“一带一路”倡议的国家签署了价值超 3000
亿美元的项目合同。中国确实为沿线国家带来了希望,但是也面临不少风险。包括安全风
险、政治风险,还有腐败、环境和社会风险等。
一位考察过“一带一路”经济带的中国省级官员私下里说:“一带一路”沿线国家的
整体环境不错,资源也丰富,但很多国家都很贫困,基础设施太差,都指望中国投资。如
果中国投资,回收成本过程太长,难度太大。另外,一些国家的民族、宗教矛盾和安全问
题也令中国担心。
[摘录自<中国一带一路的风险和挑战>,《美国之音》,2017 年 5 月 12 日]
6
回答以下所有的问题,共占 30 分。
1 (a) 如果用资料 B来证明中国倡导的“一带一路”已经成为世界经济增长的新动
力,试评价其适用度。
[6 分]
(b) 试根据资料,并结合你的认识,探讨中国“一带一路”战略带来的影响。
[9 分]
(c) 试结合资料及你的认识,评价中国政府在推动全球经济治理方面所做的努力,并
就如何进一步改善向中国政府提出建议。
[15 分]
完
DUNMAN HIGH SCHOOL 德明政府中学 Preliminary Examination Year 6
中国通识 9629/2试卷二 CHINA STUDIES IN CHINESE Higher 2 Paper 2
19 September 2017
2 hours 15 minutes Additional Materials: Chinese Writing Paper (*8)
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and CG on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Start each answer on a fresh piece of writing paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all the questions At the end of the examination, fasten the answer scripts securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear handwriting in your answer.
This question paper consists of 4 printed pages, including this page
Economic Development and Challanges
Source A
Labour Supply
GDP growth and Employment
- Data from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2014
Source B Sri Lanka has fallen knee deep in China’s debt trap after it invested billions of dollars in huge infrastructure projects – on China’s guidance and promises. Now, Sri Lanka has a huge debt of US$64 billion. This can be attributed to the high interest rate on Chinese loans. For the Hambantota Port project, Sri Lank borrowed US$301 million from China with an interest rate of 6.3 per cent, while the interest rates on soft loans from the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) are only 0.25–3 per cent. Instead of investing in education and health care, Sri Lanka now spends most of its revenue now to pay off the debts to China that was used to finance the now underutilised mega infrastructures.
There is cause for concern for countries like Cambodia, Malaysia and even Indonesia. “As a simple measure of magnitude, the 14 memorandums of understanding that the Prime Minister signed with China last November is equivalent to 55 percent of our 2017 federal budget,” said Nurul Izzah Anwar, a member of Malaysia’s opposition party.
Malaysian PM Najib Razak says he makes no apologies for wanting to build world-class infrastructure for Malaysia. He stressed that such projects open up huge swathes of the country. He said the infrastructure would bring more trade and opportunity to the people, thousands of new jobs, improved living standards and prosperity. He said the win-win cooperation could be seen in ASEAN’s infrastructure projects resulting from the Belt and Road Initiative, for example, the China-Laos railway; the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway; the Nakhon Ratchasima-Bangkok high-speed railway; and, in Malaysia, the East Coast Rail Link.
- A report from a Malaysian newspaper, 2017
Source C
Despite a sluggish global economy, China’s economy is far bigger in size than in the past, and it now generates more output than it did with double-digit growth in the past. China will vigorously foster an external environment of opening-up for common development. China’s development is an opportunity for the world; China has not only benefited from economic globalization but also contributed to it. Rapid growth in China has been a sustained, powerful engine for global economic stability and expansion. More than 40 countries and international organizations have signed cooperation agreements with China, and our circle of friends along the “Belt and Road” is growing bigger. Chinese companies have made over $50 billion of investment and launched a number of major projects in the countries along the routes, spurring the economic development of these countries and creating many local jobs. We must remain committed to developing global free trade and investment, and say no to protectionism. Pursuing protectionism is like locking oneself in a dark room. While wind and rain may be kept outside, that dark room will also block light and air. No one will emerge as a winner in a trade war.
- President Xi Jinping’s speech at the World Economic Forum, 2017
Source D
2016 was an unusual year in our country's development. China was confronted with an external environment in which the world saw the lowest economic and trade growth in seven years, growing volatility in global financial markets, and sudden and frequent regional and global challenges. Domestically, China faced multiple difficulties: major structural problems, prominent risks and dangers, and mounting downward pressure on the economy. World economic growth remains sluggish, and both the deglobalization trend and protectionism are growing. There are many uncertainties about the direction of the major economies' policies and their spillover effects, and the factors that could cause instability and uncertainty are visibly increasing. China is at a crucial and challenging stage in its own development endeavors, and there are many salient challenges and problems in the economy.
Given all these factors, it was not easy for us to maintain stable economic performance. And yet we succeeded, and even managed to make progress on many fronts. The difficulties we face are not to be underestimated, but we must remain confident that they will be overcome. China has a solid material foundation, abundant human resources, a huge market, and a complete system of industries. We will keep to the path of peaceful development; firmly uphold the authority of the multilateral architecture and see that it works effectively; oppose protectionism in its different forms; become more involved in global governance; and steer economic globalization to see it become more inclusive, mutually beneficial, and equitable.
- Premier Li Keqiang’s Work Report of the Government, 2017
Source E
Credit rating agency Moody's downgraded China, warning that the country's financial health is suffering from rising debt and slowing economic growth. It's the first time the agency has cut China's rating in nearly three decades. Fears about debt levels in the world's second-largest economy have been flagged before. The International Monetary Fund pushed Beijing to "urgently address" the issue last year. As growth in the West collapsed following the global financial crisis of 2008, China's local governments and state-owned companies borrowed heavily to build cities and roads, invest in businesses and bolster financial markets. That spending spree has resulted in a domestic debt hangover, particularly among some of the country's bloated and inefficient state-owned companies. Corporate debt in China soared to around 170% of GDP in 2016, roughly double the average of other economies, according to the Bank of International Settlements. Authorities have introduced a series of measures in recent years to tackle local government debt and bad bank loans. They have also tried to reduce the economy's dependence on credit as a way to fuel growth. But efforts by regulators in recent weeks to clamp down on risky debt in the country's financial system have unsettled investors. Some economists support that stance, arguing that by moving too quickly, Chinese authorities could trigger a financial crisis.
- A report by CNN, 2017
Section A: Answer all questions
1. With reference to Source A, identify and explain the labour challenges facing China’s economy. [6]
2. Using Sources B and C, and your own knowledge, assess the impact of China’s economic development on the global economy [9]
3. Using the sources and your knowledge, evaluate the seriousness of the economic challenges facing China’s continued economic development and make recommendations on how the government can further enhance economic growth.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and CG on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Start each answer on a fresh piece of writing paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer question 1 Section B Answer any two questions At the end of the examination, fasten the answer scripts securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear handwriting in your answer.
This question paper consists of 2 printed pages, including this page.
Section A
You must answer this question
1. ‘The Communist Party only needs to depend on ideological justifications to maintain its rule today.’ Discuss. [25]
Section B
Answer any two questions from this section
2. Assess the significance of demographic changes on Chinese society. [25]
3. How far do you agree that Chinese society today is not harmonious? [25]
4. To what extent can Sino-US relations today be regarded as stable? [25]
YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE
YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE