DUML NEWS - Duke University NEWS Duke University ... Chris also conducts research on the rift-va~ ... their studies of herbicide-induced tumors in hardshell and softshell clams. j

DUML NEWS Duke University School of the Environment Marine Laboratory Vol. 10, No. 2, Fall 1992

Internet Links Lab to the World SCENE 1, TAKE 1:

It's the fall of 1992, late September, and a DUML undergrad reaches a Cfl1ical stage In his independent study project. He needs more information. Entering the doors of the Pearse Memorial Library, he spies Marine Lab Librarian Steven Hill and asks about a particular journal that may have the information he needs. Steven responds, "I'm sorry, we've had to drop the journal. But I can check with other libraries for you. • Two phone calls and

, a large long-distance bill later, Steven finds the journal in a remote library on the Durham campus and tells the undergraduate the information will be FAXed the next day.

Now, let's run the scene another way ...

SCENE 1, TAKE 2 Our undergraduate enters the Pearse Memorial Library with his journal inquiry. Steven accesses the CD ROM via DUML 's new fiber optic Internet link to Durham. The journal and article abstract are found instantly and are displayed on the screen for the student to read. His questions are answered, and he goes off to continue his project.

If you were looking at the Marine Labora-. tory as a possible educational option, wouldn't

you rather be working in Scene 2? DUML believes you would. This summer, the Lab installed fiber optic cable to connect the facility to others across the state, nation and world. •we have been a Third World country in the communications arena, far removed from many

vital academic services,• stressed Dr. Joe Ra­mus, Director of the Lab. "This system will give us a broader range of information services than we have now, which is essential to the Lab as an academic and research institution•

The system Is being installed in two phases. Phase One is an "intra-island" linkage. Phase Two will link the Lab to facilities nation­wide. Both are essential in maintaining the Marine Lab's status as a premier research and

academic institution and in allowing constant growth of the information system at the Lab and systems across the world.

The possibilities for "intra-island" use are endless. Information can be sent electronically to all those involved in a project. Changes can be made in seconds. Conversations can be carried out on. the computer screens. No phones. No FAX, and no worn- out paths.

The same holds true for collaborations among researchers at DUML and the neighbor­ing NOAA Lab and the UNC Institute of Marine Sciences. Members of the scientific community in this area have cooperated on a number of

projects. Being capable of doing much of the work on those projects electronically saves time and money - which is becoming increas­ingly important as grant funding dwindles and research costs increase.

Phase Two of the project will link the Lab to the nation and world through internet, a well-established computer network. The high-speed transmission lines of Internet not only save countless dollars in long distance

charges,but can handle thousands of transmis­sions at once at nearly 500 times the speed of modems.

First to be linked to internet will be the Pearse Memorial Library. "We annually accumulate more than $65,000 in paper, which represents only two to three percent of the information we truly need," Dr. Ramus said. "Our increasing diversity demands that we gain access to more information." Faced with the ever-increasing costs of journals and limited space, no modern library

can offer all the information needed by its stu­dents and faculty. With Internet, the library at DUML will have access to all area network libraries, as well as the other Duke libraries. No longer will any one library be expected to house all needed information. Through the CD ROM system, a user can access journal infor­mation at a variety of locations quickly and at a fraction of the current cost.

Faculty development is one of the keys to success for the new school . A diverse faculty is key to student growth and the vitality of the School's offerings. To attract quality students,

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DUML Currents

The Barber lab visits the equatorial Pacific once again! Richard and Elaine Barber along with graduate student Steve Undley returned to the Pacific in early August for the 1992 Fall JGOFS Survey cruise. Richard Barber was the chief scientist for the 48-day cruise, which stud­ied biological, chemical, and physical pro­cesses of the ocean. Technician, Marta Sanderson, and graduate student, Fei Chai, will meet the sea team in Tahiti to take their place aboard the R!V THOMAS G. THOMP­SON.

Duke Marine Lab's first course in whale and dolphin biology was introduced this summer through the COCOS Lecture Seminar Series. Dr. Randall Wells of Chicago's Brookfield Zoo and Mote Marine Lab, Dr. Peter Tyack of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, and Dr. Dan Rubenstein of Princeton University taught the 1/2 credit course. Gail Cannon, Coordinator of the Duke/N.O.A.A. Dolphin Watch, was the Instructional Assistant. Eighteen students from diverse back­grounds attended. Daily field trips and lec­tures were supplemented with evening lectures open to a very receptive public. DUML will expand the course next summer. Drs. Wells and Tyack are working with Dr. Frances White of Duke's Primate Center and Dr. Steve Nowicki of Duke's Zoology Department to develop funding for the pro­gram at DUML.

Tony Clare and family will be leaving us in January. Tony will take a position as "MBA Fellow" at the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth. Described by Tony as a "min~ Woods Hole," the MBA boasts 7 Nobel Laureates, was founded in 1884, is a registered charity, and does fundamental marine biology research. Its affiliate, Plymouth Marine Lab, does mainly environmental research. The MBA overlooks a public swimming pool, is itself overlooked by a fort with several cannons, and is 2-3 minutes away from the bowling green where Sir Francis Drake spotted the Spanish Armada. Plymouth is a large port with not only a naval presence but also a monument to the Pilgrim Fathers who founded Plymouth Colony in southeast Massachusetts. Tony will conduct

research at MBA and do some teaching at Newcastle University.

Cory Dean, Deputy Science Editor of the New York Times, spent the month of Oc­tober at the Lab, studying barrier island botany and coastal processes. Cory was the recipient of Duke's DeWitt Wallace Center fellowship for journalists.

Dr. Donald J. Gerhart has been promoted to the position of Assistant Professor of Marine Ecology. During the fall semester, Don is teaching Marine Communities as well as teaching Biometry to graduate students on the Durham campus. Don's research focuses on the evolutionary ecology of predator-preyinter­actions, with special emphasis on the roles played by aposematism (warning displays), mimicry, and learned aversion. This has been an exciting period for Don, for in addition to his new appointment, Don and his wife, Frances White (an Assistant Professor in Duke's Biological Anthropology and Anatomy Department), anticipate the arrival of their first child in early February, 1993!

Pam Johnson, who worked at DUML in several areas including the switchboard, accounting, and most recently the library, is now attending UNC-Wilmington as a ful~ time student in the business curriculum.

Ann Oliver visited the National Marine Fisheries Service Panama City laboratory in Panama City, Florida from June 15-August 31 to study mating behavior of the dwarf seabass Serranus subligarius in the field. Melina Hale (Duke '92) worked with Ann during July and August. Dr. Churchill Grimes and Dr. Lee Trent provided logist~ cal support.

Kathy Reinsel presented a poster on fiddler crab feeding behavior at the Ecological Society of America meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii, August 9-13. Also attending were Sonia Ortega and Unda Walters. Kathy, Linda, and Sonia enjoyed snorkeling, boogie boarding, and backpacking. Kathy and Linda also visited Bret Danilowicz who is living in Kaneohe and doing dissertation research.

Chris Scholz spent six weeks in southern Siberia as co-chief scientist on a multichannel seismic reflection survey on Lake Baikal. The object of the study is to

unravel the stratigraphic and deformational history of the rocks and basins beneath the lake, helping geologists understand the processes that break up the earth's crust and cause rifts between the tectonic plates. The project was a success thanks to the hard work from and close cooperation between the 30 members of the Russian and American scientific teams. This work may also lead to scientific drilling in Lake Baikal. The sediments under the lake contain a remarkable record of northern latitude climatic change, which is probably unparalleled in terms of duration and reso­lution. Chris found southern Siberia some­what comparable to northern Canada -beautiful, with snow-capped mountains de­scending right down to the lakeshore. Chris also conducts research on the rift-va~ ley lakes of East Africa.

Mo Small left for Kapingamaringe, Federated States of Micronesia in October to work at a weather station for the TOGA­COARE Project until December 1992. Mo will be releasing balloons and doing her own research on the snail Planaxis sulcatus, seeing how larval dispersal affects their population genetics. Mo received the National Capital Shell Club's Carl I. Aslakson Scholarship for her work in mala­co logy and will use the funds for her research in Micronesia.

November 2nd, Joe Ustach will be leaving Punta Arenas, Chile with two research groups aboard the R/V POLAR DUKE for a 20-day cruise in the Antarctic. Walker Smith ('77, Ph.D., Botany) and David Karl, chief scientists of the two groups, head research studying phytoplankton production and long-term ecology, respectively. Joe will be studying benthic protoza feeding on bacteria. The cruise is NSF-funded and will work in the Bellinghausen Sea and Gerlache Strait.

Dr. Becky Van Beneden was invited to present a paper in August at a special session on tumors in marine invertebrates at the 25th Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology in Heidelberg Germany. She and collaborator George Gardner from the EPA Laboratory at Narragansett R.I., presented findings on their studies of herbicide-induced tumors in hardshell and softshell clams.

I

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Dr. James McCleave- Stalking the Elusive Eel

The man at the helm of the white Priva­teer is becoming a familiar sight as he pilots his craft toward the Newport Narrows to tend his eel traps. The DUML community welcomes Dr. James McCleave (University of Montana '67 Ph.D.), our first Mary Burton Derrickson McCurdy Visiting Scholar En­dowment Fund recipient.

Dr. McCleave, Professor of Oceanog­raphy at the University of Maine, is on a richly deserved sabbatical; having served as Department Chair for both the University of Maine Department of Zoology, and the new Department of Oceanography. His traps are baited to capture juvenile eels, who will be fitted with small transmitters and released. For 48 hours the eels will be tracked with two objectives: first, to de­scribe the size of their territory and monitor daily activities; secondly, to discover if an eel is moved to another location, will it re­turn home, and how does eel movement re­late to tidal flow, do eels use the tide or are they actively swimming.

The topic of Dr. McCleave's seminar is The Life History of Anguilla, the Atlantic eel; a creature with an unusual life cycle. In com­plete contrast to many fish species who are anadromous; which means they spend much of their lives at sea and return at ma­turity to freshwater streams and lakes to spawn, the Anguilla are catadromous; they spawn at sea , then migrate to lakes and streams where they grow to maturity. Both species of Anguilla , the European eel and the American eel, spawn near the surface of the deep Sargasso Sea. The eggs hatch to produce a leaf shaped, transparent lepto­cephalus larva. At this point the story of their migration becomes all the more in­credible; for Anguilla travels across hun­dreds of miles of open ocean, crossing the Gulf Stream , in the larval state! The Amer~ can leptocephalus is adrift for about a year, while the European leptocephalus may take two years or more for its journey.

The subject of species orientation and migration first attracted Jim during an un­dergraduate seminar course taught by Dr. Paul Jensen, a geneticist at Carleton Co~ lege. Questions Dr. McCleave hopes to an­swer with his research are: what cues an organism to stop migrating and spawn; what are the directional signals; the trans­port processes, do species 'hop' a ride on the tides and currents?

by D. Lynk

The visiting scholar appointment at DUML was attractive to Jim for several rea­sons: first the opportunity to work with Dr. Richard Forward, whose research on be­havioral habits within the tidal current, diur­nal vertical migration and horizontal migration of crustacean larvae was well known to him ; secondly, collaboration with the SABRE (South Atlantic Bight R~cruit­ment Experiment) project, spearheaded by NOAA Division Chief of Ecology, Dr. Don Hoss, whose extensive larva sampling and collection , from Cape Lookout to New River and Cape Fear, will enable Dr. McCleave to identify various species of leptocephalus and study their cross-shelf (Continental) transport mechanisms; and finally, the chance to work with enthusiastic under­graduate students since the University of Maine's Department of Oceanography of­fers only graduate degrees.

"Anguilla is an interesting topic of study for students because so very little is known about them. For instance, once adult eels leave coastal waters, how do they find their way to the Sargasso Sea? We have unan­swered questions about their basic eco~ ogy. What do they eat? What eats them? Why are they not swept away by the Gulf Stream? While it has been known that An­guilla spawns in the region of the Sargasso Sea, it was only recently that data from one

of our oceanic research cruises pointed to the fact that spawning seems to occur more specifically at the subtropical conver­gence zone. It is interesting that the Japanese eel, about which even less is known, seems to have a similar life cycle in the Pacific. A Japanese research cruise in 1991 discovered eel spawning at the North Pacific subtropical convergence zone, lending credence to our theory."

Just the sort of research Mary Mc­Curdy ('38 Ph.D.) would have applauded. The Mary Burton Derrickson McCurdy Visit­ing Scholar Endowment fund was estab­lished in 1989 by Dr. Harold G. McCurdy in memory of his wife. The fund income is to be used to bring distinguished biological oceanographers to DUML for at least one semester to conduct research on marine organisms and their relation to their env~ ronment, and to supervise student re­search projects Thanks to the McCurdy generosity, DUML is reaping the benefits of a first class visiting scholar, while Jim Mc­Cleave, wife Eddie Meisner, and youngest daughter Chloe, age 3Vz, are happily en­sconced in Beaufort, enjoying the beauty of the Carolina coast. Dr. McCleave's eldest daughter, Bonnie, recently graduated from Clark University. With a laugh he explains,"! planned it this way. I decided to have only one daughter at a time in college.

On the Beach with Dr. Peter Howd

The path that brought new Assistant Professor of Ocean Sciences, Dr. Peter Howd, and his wife Kathryn (Duke '79) to the DUML campus began in a small town in cen­tral Maine. Learning to SCUBA dive off the northeastern coast, he became fascinated with underwater life. A dream of studying coral reefs in warm tropical waters began to take shape. While that dream has been par­tially fulfilled with diving adventures in the Florida Keys, the Cayman and Galapagos Is­lands, a Williams College geology profes­sor's passion for beaches inspired Peter to shift his focus to the dynamic beach zone to study the interaction of waves, currents and sand. Summer employment with the U.S. Geological Survey in Monterey Bay, Califor­nia delivered the coup de grace; he was "hooked".

Moving north to Oregon State Univer­sity, Peter began graduate studies in oceanography. During this time he met and eventually married fellow graduate student Kathryn Boeckman. The move to the DUML campus is a 'homecoming' for Kathryn. Dur­ing the summer of '78 she studied Marine Invertebrate Zoology under Dr. Bookhout, and went on to receive her M.S. in Marine Resource Management from Oregon State University. In 1991 Peter received his Ph.D in Oceanography from Oregon State Univer­sity.

When asked about 'surprises' in his chosen field, his eyes lit up. "It was one of those once in a lifetime' kinds of things." While conducting graduate research at Duck, N.C., he and c(}investigator Joan Olt­man-Shay discovered a new kind of wave. "We were looking for something else, actu­ally. We had set up an array of current me­ters, and the dominant signal from the meters could not be explained by the waves we knew about. The meters were attached to pipes whose bases were buried in the sand. While we were checking on the me­ters we noticed we were being pulled like a flag on a pole in one direction, and then within minutes we were pulled in the oppo­site direction." Waiting to be discovered was a low frequency shear wave, a wave with es­sentially no height." Shear waves might best be described as the extremely regular meanderings of the long-

by D. Lynk

shore current, the current responsible for making you walk back along the beach to find your towel after a swim in the ocean. In the terms of a physical oceanographer, they are based on the shear instability of the steady longshore current and depend on the conservation of potential vorticity."

This discovery adds another type of wave to the general class of infragravity waves whose periods range from 30 to 300 seconds, much longer than those of the crashing surf usually associated with

beaches. Interest in these waves stems pr~ marily from the observation that their length scales match those of sand bars -leading re­searchers like Dr. Howd to hypothesize about the relationship between infragravity waves and the patterns of sand movement beneath them. Peter's research at DUML will focus on two primary areas: the interac­tion of longshore cur'(ents and infragravity waves on the evolution of beaches; and the natural variability of beach profiles over time periods from days to decades.

Balancing the instructor/research equation is a challenge Peter has accepted with his first teaching appointment. "I was looking forward to teaching, and the pleas­ant surprise is that I am enjoying it even

more than I had expected. The students are bright and highly motivated. There are only a few universities that offer a complete oceanography program to undergraduates; this is a unique opportunity."

Where does Dr. Howd envision this pro­gram in five years or ten years? "I would like to see a welkounded ocean sciences fac­ulty, double the size we are now." DUML cur­rently boasts four oceanographers: Drs. Richard Barber, Thomas Johnson, Susan Lozier, and Peter Howd. Active recruitment

of a chemical oceanographer is in progress. Next year DUML will be seeking to add a physical oceanographer to the faculty.

Of necessity, Peter spends a great deal of his time at the shore observing the phys~ cal world of waves and currents interacting with the geology of moving beaches: from individual grains of sand to barrier island m~ gration over tens of thousands of years. Where might this man go for fun? The moun­tains! For two weeks prior to the fall term, Peter and Kathryn traveled to the Colorado River for white-water rafting ... sleeping under the stars, flash floods, rapids, rat­tlesnakes, scorpions and the most perfect avocados. Just the sort of adventure to kick off one's first term at DUMU

Duke at Clearwater Marine Science Center (CMSC):

The summary failure of a vital organ such as a heart Is an inappropriate diagnostic tool for the health of a human being. Then by analogy, death (disappearance) of a vital organ as a seagrass meadow is an inappropriate diagnostic tool for the health of a coastal ecosystem. Yet the disappearance of seagrass meadows is often cited as evidence of water quality degradation.

Is there a better indicator of seagrass health than death • say something like a treadmill stress test and the electrocardiogram (EKG) used by the medical profession to diagnose the condition of a human heart?

The health of seagrasses can be determined from the efficiency with which they photosynthesize, i.e., the efficiency with which they use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide to organic materials. This is a particularly revealing test after stress has been applied in the form of excess light. Excess light, i.e., quantities of light In excess of that required to saturate photosynthesis, forces seagrasses to •run• as fast as they can. Then several diagnostic tools are used, like an EKG for the human heart. One is the dissolved oxygen meter which measures oxygen production, a by-product of photosynthesis.

Another tool is the fluorometer, which measures fluorescent signals from the chlorophyll of the seagrass. Plants emit "far red" light, light not perceived by the human eye, when they absorb sunlight. The analysis of the kinetics of oxygen production and fluorescent emissions as a function of incident light is very diagnostic of the status of the

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the school offers quality courses taught by exceptional faculty members. But to continue to attract this faculty, the school must keep pace with the demand for information access. Internet will make that possible.

Library access is only the beginning of the faculty's needs. Internet also provides access to E Mail, which gives faculty members rapid access to one another, no matter where they may be. They can talk to Internet-linked col· leagues nationwide, even worldwide.

The possibilities for improved communica­tions are obvious. More efficient and faster information exchange, conferencing and co­author editing are but a few of the advances

Stress Tests for Turtle Grass

photosynthetic apparatus, and thus of sea­grass health.

Researchers have taken up residence at the Clearwater Marine Science Center (CMSC) to investigate indicators of seagrass stress. It is a joint program with Duke University, and funded by the John A. & Elizabeth F. Taylor Foundation. The participants are Prof. Joe Ramus, Director of the Duke University Marine Laboratory, Ms. Megan FitzGerald of Hamilton College and Palm Harbor and Ms. Mary Whitley of Eckard College and Franklin, Tennessee.

Both women are preparing for careers in science and have excellent backgrounds in chemistry, physics and calculus. Both have a stake in the Clearwater area. They competed for the opportunity to be trained in marine research, and for both the opportunity represents a commitment of two summers. The three scientists have established a research laboratory at the CMSC using state-of-the· art instruments and lots of help from the CMSC staff.

The instruments taken to the Clearwater Marine Science Center for the research include a computer driven dissolved oxygen (DO) meter, a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometer and the plant efficiency analyzer (PEA).

These instruments were developed in Great Britain and Germany to analyze the health of crop plants, and are themselves experimental. The Duke/CMSC research team is now adapting the instruments for use on turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum, a very

the DUML faculty now have available to them. Two of the School's newest faculty mem­

bers, Dr. Peter Howd and Dr. Susan Lozier, share yet another need that Internet will fill •• access to remote computing facilities. Dr. Lozier's work would be impossible without her link to the N.C. Super Computer in Raleigh. Dr. Howd will be able to retrieve information necessary to his research in his computers at DUML from any Internet-linked sources .

Satellite downlinks can be made enabling scientists to retrieve global weather and sea state data in real time.

Long distance learning may soon be available to students at DUML. This will enable

Important ecosystem component in the shallow waters of the Clearwater area.

Ancestors of seagrasses invaded the margins of the ocean basins from the land millions of years ago. Special anatomical features afford them a submerged and marine existence. Relative to their standing crop (biomass), they play a disproportionate role in the function of coastal ecosystems. They provide habitat for the eggs, juveniles and adults of many animal species. They provide food by being consumed directly (grazed), or they may enter the food chain as detritus. And by consuming fertilizers like nitrogen and phosphorous from seawater, seagrasses contribute directly to water quality by removing dissolved nutrients. "Have you thanked a green plant lately?" asks the bumper sticker.

Seagrass meadows are particularly vulnerable to increases in water turbidity (the opposite of transparency), which reduces the availability of sunlight to the meadows. Increased water turbidity is correlated with human disturbances, for example nutrient and sediment loading by runoff waters, and resuspension of bottom sediments by dredging and powerboat traffic.

What can the public do? It can, as a community project, calculate the value of seagrass meadow loss • in human terms!

Stress placed on seagrasses by changes in water quality have shown that "it's not easy being green". It is hopeful that the stress can be detected early, at least somewhere this side of death.

a Marine Lab student to take some courses offered only in Durham through a video linkup.

Televideo conferencing will enhance the unity of the two faculties of the School of Environment, separated by 180 miles, by allowing meetings to be held without the bur­den of a 7- hour road trip.

Beginning in the spring of 1993, students at the Marine Lab can abandon any concerns of isolation and information gaps between DUML and the Durham campus There's just one additional bug to work out. We haven't yet perfected a direct link to a basketball seat in Cameron Stadium ·· but we're working on it.

DUKE UNIVERSITY Friends of the Marine Laboratory

Honor Roll of Donors The Marine Laboratory is most pleased to pay tribute to its many alumni, parents, associates and friends who contributed to the DUML Annual Fund between July 1, 1991 and June 30, 1992. Your generous support ensures the continued progress of the Marine Laboratory. The Annual Fund gift clubs noted below are: The William Preston Few Association ($S,OOOminimum to Annual Giving), the Washington Duke Club ($1,000minimum contribution to Annual Giving), and the A.S.Pearse Club ($500 minimum contribution to Annual Giving).

William Preston Few Association Mr.& Mrs.Lawrence E. Blanchard, Jr. Mr.& Mrs. Thomas E. Cargill, ill Mr. and Mrs. Clair H. Gingher, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. James P. Gorter Ms. Nancy K. Grainger Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Hardy Mrs. Sandra Taylor Kaupe Mr. Roger L. Marshall Mr. and Mrs. Leonard G. Pardue, ill Mrs. Dorothy Lewis Simpson Mr. and Mrs. Gaston E. Small, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Fred J. Stanback, Jr. Mrs. Kay Stem Mr. and Mrs. Charles Byrd Wade, Jr.

Washington Duke Club Dr. J. Ann Fouch Angell Drs. Robert H. & Margaret Bates Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Blanchard Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Buchanan Dr. and Mrs. Charles P. Bugg Mrs. Katherine Couch Bunting Mr. L. Hartsell Cash Mrs. Pat Marshall Cavenaugh Mr. and Mrs. Arthur W. Clark Mr. Kenneth Harold Close Mr. Matthew James Comisky Drs. Russel & Elisabeth Cook Dr. and Mrs. Edwin B. Cooper, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William M. Courtney Mr. and Mrs. Edward D. Cowell, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Sellers Crisp Mrs. Virginia Deal Dr. Sylvia A. Earle Mr. Steven Dwight Gardner Mrs. Dorothy z. Mills Hicks Dr. and Mrs. Robert H. Hosea Dr. and Mrs. Peter Howd Mrs. Frank D. Koran Mr. Jonathan Godard Kuespert Dr. Dave McClay & Mrs. Allison Haltom Dr. and Mrs. Rodney Ivan McCormick Dr. Harding B. Michel Mr. Brent Stephenson Mills Mr. Wayne F. Schildhauer Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Seale Dr. and Mrs. Marion L. Shepard Mrs. Martha Reed Thayer Mr. & Mrs. Norwood A. Thomas, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Reade Yates Tompson Mrs. Mary Middlesworth Torrans

A. S. Pearse Club Mrs. Abigail D. Avery Mr. and Mrs. C. Leland Bas~ Mr. and Mrs. William A. Collins Mrs. Jennifer C. Cornell Mrs. Lydia P. Donnelly Mrs. Judith Davis Fort Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Greene, Jr. Mr. P. Frank Hanes, Jr. Mr. James A. Howard Ms. Marion Wiles Howard Ms. Dorothy Davis Kee Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Larson Mr. and Mrs. Byron C. Lynch, Jr. Dr. Edward M. Riegel Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Schwarz Dr. Judy Anita Strickland Dr. Lynne Dawson Werner Mr. and Mrs. Wayne F. Wilbanks

Annual Fund Donors SSgt. & Mrs. Coleman Lee Adams, ill Mrs. Darcy Chappel Ahl Ms. Cynthia Naseem Ahmed Dr. Nancy J. Alexander Dr. and Mrs. Charles D. Amsler Mr. and Mrs. Lee E. Andrews, Jr. Mrs. Nancy Dillard Anthony Dr. Marc B. Applestein Dr. Charles N. Austin Dr. and Mrs. Joseph R. Bailey Mr. and Mrs. James H.P. Bailey Jr. Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Ballou Dr. William C. Banzhaf Ms. Margaret M. Barber Mrs. Ruth P. Barbour Mrs. Maria J. Bardach Dr. Robert Drane Barnes Mr. Frank Thomas Barranco, Jr. Ms. Sallie Hayman Barringer Drs. Eric B. & Katherine Bass Mr. Joseph C. Beam Dr. and Mrs. Andrew Kennette Bean Mr. Henry Becker Dr. Hassan Bedair Ms. Virginia Louise Beggs Mr. David Price Bendana Mr. Edward H. Benenson Mr. and Mrs. Kimberly R.W. Bennetts Dr. John C. Bernhardt, Jr. Mr. Philip M. Best Mr. Gary Lee Bickle Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Biggerstaff

Ms. M. Shannon Bills Dr. Eileen Cookson Bisazza Mr. James C. Black Ms. Linda E. Gleason Black Dr. David Eric Blackwell Dr. and Mrs. Richard Steven Blanquet Dr. Dorothy McKnight Blasco Mr. Marvin K. Blount, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Harold Thomas Bobo Mr. and Mrs. Carl Andrew Boggs Ms. Dorene Ann Bolze Ms. Karen Lynn Book Dr. Glenn A. Bookhout Mr. Z. Cornell Bowden Capt. John Mark Bowers Mr. and Mrs. Robert Gene Boydston Mr. Timothy W. Boynton Mr. and Mrs. R. Kirven Brantley Mr. Richard Kirven Brantley, Jr. Ms. Sarah B. Brash Dr. Michael D. Brenowitz Dr. Lawrence Fay Brewster Mr. Samuel William Breyfogle Dr. David Elliot Bright Mrs. Emmett W. Bringle, Jr. Mr. Eric C. Brinsfield Dr. Margo A. Brinton Mr. Don C. Broadbridge,m Dr. Charles L. Brock Mr. Allen Rich~rd Brockman Mr. & Mrs.Melvyn R. Brokenshire,Jr. Mr. Clyde S. Brooks Mr. Richard I. Brooks, Jr. Dr. Nancy Elaine Broskie Mr. and Mrs. Allan E. Brown Mr. and Mrs. Duncan W. Brown Dr. and Mrs. Joshua R. C. Brown Dr. and Mrs. William G. Brown Dr. Willis E. Brown, ill Dr. Ralph C. Bryant Mr. and Mrs. Spruill G. Dunn Ms. Lisa Anne Burge Mr. Craig E. Buschman Dr. and Mrs. Charles T. Byerly, Jr. Mr.& Mrs. Robert T. Cadwallader,Jr. Dr. Lawrence B. Cahoon Mr. Kevin Call Mr. and Mrs. Donald D. Cameron Dr. Elizabeth E. Campbell Mr. and Mrs. Thomas M. Campbell Mrs. Diane Z. Caron Mr. Craig H. Carr Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Carr Mr. Timothy Caspar Dr. Britton Chance

Mr. William A. Chantry Mr. and Mrs. Michael Charles Mr. and Mrs. Robert T. Chatten Dr. John D. Cheesborough Mr. and Mrs. Peter Chenery Mrs. Laura Harris Chesnut Dr. Frances M. Chevarley Mrs. Jefferson D. Childs Dr. and Mrs. Norman L. Christensen Mr. K.H. Chu Ms. Beth Emily Citrin Ms. Diane Civic Dr. Jody Clarke Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Cleaver, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. George A. Cleeves Mrs. Harold B. Cline Mrs. Dana L. Coats-Laursen Mrs. Katherine T. Coghill Mrs. Geneva E. Collins Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Michael Colvin Mr. John C. Conner Dr. and Mrs. Charles S. Cooke Mr. Dennis H. Cooke, Jr. Mrs. Sherri Rumer Cooper Mr. and Mrs. James R. Copland, ill Mr. and Mrs. Jon Mitchell Couch Mr. and Mrs. Frank J. Coulter, Jr. Ms. Andrea D. Coviello Mrs. Rose Lee Cozart Dr. and Mrs. Wiley H. Cozart Drs. Wilson and Donna Crone Dr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Cronin Mr. Miles M. Croom Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Cullman Mr. MatthewS. Culp Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Cunningham Ms. Rebecca Ann Currie Mr. Michael Allan Cushner Mr. and Mrs. Charles Cusick Ms. Nicole Maria D'Andrea Mrs. Elizabeth Fay Daly Ms. Dorothy H. Daniel Mr. Royden E. Daniels Dr. and Mrs. William H. Dantzler Mr. Brian G. Davies Miss Frances Allen Davis Ms. Linda Carol Davis Dr. Alan N. DeCarlo Ms. Marie Colette DeFrances Dr. Alvin A. DeJong Ms. Julia Ann De Winter-Stein Dr. John DeWolf, ill Mr. Steve 0. Debgan Dr. and Mrs. Steven H. Dennis Mr. James A. Denslow

Dr. and Mrs. Jeffery G. Derge Dr. Eric Desman Mrs. Theodora R. Devereux Ms. Helen E. Dezell Dr. and Mrs. Charles H. Dickens Dr. and Mrs. Rodney Reynolds Dietert Mr. and Mrs. Willis Edward Dixon Mr. and Mrs. Richard ]. Donohoe Dr. Margaret A. Drew Ms. Katherine H. Drew Deboalt Miss Susan 1. DuBois Mr. Charles Duffy, Jr. Mr. Harry W. Duft Dr. Clifford S. Duke Mrs. Elizabeth Duncan Miss Margaret C. Duncan Ens. Parker Andrew Duncan Mrs. Jean Sturtevant Dunn Mrs. Pauline B. Dunne Dr. and Mrs. Frederick T. Eastwood Ms. Christine Catherine Edwards Mr. Daniel K. Edwards Mrs. John A. Edwards, Jr. Dr. Barbara M. Egbert Dr. Susan Faith Eigner Ms. Joanne Elliott Dr. Charles E. Epifanio Dr. and Mrs. John Harold Evans Dr. Gary Eugene Evoniuk Mr. E. Larry Fabian, Sr. Mrs. Elizabeth B. Fair Dr. Cynthia Ann Fairfax Ms. Susan Carol Fansler Dr. Martha c. Farmer Drs. Shauna and Thomas Farmer Mr. Allen Holt Farrington Mr. Douglas Arthur Faulkner Mr. DouglasS. Feltman Mr. and Mrs. Elbert Felton Mr. Daniel Mark Ferber Dr. Nancy Stein Ferebee Mr. George McNeil Ferguson Mrs. Judy Barmeier Ferguson Mr. B. Troy Ferguson, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Leroy W. Fetterman Dr. Rachael Deborah Fink Dr. John R. Fitz Mr. James M. Foreman, Jr. Ms. Madeline Marie Fort Ms. Elizabeth Anne France Mr. and Mrs. Robert 1. Franke Dr. and Mrs. John Alan Freeman Ms. Debra Lynn Freundlich Mr. Tobias Bodwell Fritz Mr. and Mrs. Steven E. Gaddis Mr. and Mrs. Don Gagn()n Mr. Joseph R Gallagher Mr. Charles Lee Gallegos Mrs. John E. Galley Mr. and Mrs. Roger Gant, Jr. Dr. Frank W. Garber Dr. and Mrs. John T. Garbutt, Jr. Ms. Jennie Deveaux Garon Dr. Thomas S. Gatewood, Jr. Mr. Stuart Mark Gaynes Dr. Susan B. Gentleman Mr. Gary Lee George Mr. Robert Howard Gettinger Ms. Erica Gross Gilhooley Mrs. Sharon G. Gill Dr. and Mrs. Albert F. Gilman, ill Mr. Albert Franklin Gilman, IV

Mr. Mark E. Glosenger Dr. Leonard 1. Goldman Dr. Susan Carol Goldman Dr. Virginia Streusand Goldman Mrs. Judith Goldston Mr.& Mrs. Raymond H. Goodmon, ill Col. and Mrs. Thomas R Gordon Mr. and Mrs. 1. Samuel Gorham, Jr. Ms. Giovanna Camilla Grassi Dr. Kevin Anthony Gray Mr. and Mrs. Thomas N. Gray Mr. David Wayne Greenleaf Mr. and Mrs. Harlan R. Greenman Ms. Anne C. Gregg Mr. Norman Griffin Mr. Peter C. Griffith Dr. and Mrs. Mark Earl Grossnickle Dr. and Mrs. June U. Gunter Mrs. Janis Kay Guyot Mr. Stephen Anthony Haering Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Seth Hagler Mr. and Mrs. James D. Hagy, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Liam Haim Mr. Gary N. Hall Dr. Melinda M. Hall Dr. Susan D. Halsey Dr. and Mrs. Rufus R. Hambright Ms. Theresa Ann Hamilton Mr. William H. Hancammon, ill Mrs. Beverly Ann Bullock Hans Mr. and Mrs. M. A. Hansen Mr. Peter James Hanway Miss Kathryn Harbison Ms. Rebecca Anne Hardenbergh Mr. and Mrs. C. Howard Hardesty, Jr. Mr. John C. Harmon, Jr. Ms. Lynn A. Harmonay Mrs. Lynn S. Harrington Mr. Vaude S. Harris, ill Dr. Robert Haubrich Dr. Barbara A. Hawk Mrs. Anne Lineberger Hays Ms. Mary E. Healy Drs. John H. and Mary R. Hebrank Mr. and Mrs. Peter Bernard Heifetz Mrs. Lucia B. Heinold Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Heller Dr. Donald Jon Hemstreet Dr. and Mrs. John M. Henderson Mr. Erik Dennis Herzog Miss Barbara A. Hiaasen Mr. and Mrs. Brian Neilson Hicks Ms. Kathryn Jaquette & Mr. Chris Hill Dr. Marcus E. Hobbs Mr. Paul Matthew Hoff, ill Mr. David & Dr. Carol C. Hogue Miss Mary Jan Holderness Dr. Cecil James Holliman Mr. and Mrs. Edward P. Hollis Dr. Eric R. Holm Mrs. Betty Jewell Holmes Miss Judith Maria Hoogenboom Mrs. Margaret N. Hosea Dr. Paul Edward Hosier Mr. and Mrs. PeterS. Howsam Mr. John]. Hoy Ms. Andrea C. Hronas Mrs. Rhonda Rokoskie Hubert Dr. Kim Levy Huhman Dr. Layne Huiet Mr. and Mrs. Donald F. Hunt Ms. Carol A. Hutzelman

Ms. P. Cynthia Huyler Dr. William 1. Jaffurs, Jr. Mrs. GayleS. Jefferis Dr. William B. Jeffries Mrs. Ann Zimmerman Jessup Mrs. George W. Johnson Mr. Marshall H. Johnson Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Johnson Mr. and Mrs. James R. Johnson, Jr. Mr. James T. Johnson, Sr. Ms. Joan S. Jones Dr. and Mrs. Edward David Joneschild Mr. Peter Scott Jordan Mr. Meade Robert Jorgensen Ms. Grace Chuang Ju Mr. David Charles Kaelber Ms. Lucy C. Karlsson Mr. Robert Reed Kelley Mr. Donald Kempler Mrs. Ashley G. Kerst Mr. James Patrick Keyes Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Keyworth Dr. William McKee Kier Dr. Susan S. Kilham Dr. Allen P. Killam Mrs. Barbara G. Kinder Drs. Mona DeVries & Mike Kingston Ms. Shelia Kingston Dr. David M. Klarer Mr. and Mrs. Lynn K. Klopfenstein Mrs. Clement W. Knight Dr. Robert E. Knowlton Miss Jane Kogelschatz Mr. John Theodore Kovach Mr. and Mrs. A. Frederick Kroen Dr. and Mrs. William K. Kroen Mr. Paul F. Krueger Dr. Robert Alan Kuschner Mrs. Kathy Kyker-Snowman Mr. William Robert Lamar Dr. and Mrs. William A. Lambeth, Jr. Mr. William K. Lambie, ill Dr. James L. Larimer Dr. Jarratt David Lark Ms. Susan B. Larrick Dr. Peter D. Law~ason Mr. W. Henry Lawrence, IV Mr. John C. Lawson, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. William M. Layton, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. David Peter Lazar, Sr. Ms. Andrea Johnson Leader Mr. and Mrs. William D. Lease Mr. and Mrs. Edward Ing-Fei Lee Dr. Thomas William Lee Dr. John R. Leikensohn Mr. and Mrs. H. Braudis Leonard, Jr. Mrs. Laura B. Leslie Dr. and Mrs. Edward D. Levy Mr. and Mrs. Jason A. Lillegraven Ms. Damien C. Lin Dr. Steven E. Lindberg Mrs. Richard C. Lindop Dr. and Mrs. Henry 0. Lineberger, Jr. Mr. William Scott Lineberry Drs. Wayne and Dianne Litaker Mr. N. Scott Litofsky Dr. 1. William Littler Mr. Edward Allan Lloyd Mrs. Marie T. Lott Mr. Keith Andrew Lublin Mrs. Charles F. Lundy Mrs. Joanna K. Lyckberg

Mrs. William 0. Lyles, Jr. Mr. Edward C. Lynch Mr. Anthony Gunn Macintyre Dr. and Mrs. I. G. Macintyre Mr. Donald Hoskinson Malcolm, ill Ms. Lucinda Lusby Malin Dr. and Mrs. David Michael Manyak Ms. Karen Elizabeth Marden Mr. Todd Marshall Mr. George W. Martin Mrs. Martha Y. Martinat Ms. Martha ], Maskall Mrs. Lonnie T. Matthews, Jr. Dr. Susan Jane May Mrs. Janice P. Mazur Mrs. Amy E. McAuley Mrs. Diane Lillie McCallister Mr. and Mrs. Stephen B. McCandless Mr. and Mrs. Roland McClamrock, Jr. Mr. Marion McClary, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Samuel A. McConkey, Jr. Mr. Jeffrey James McCoskey Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Patrick McCoy Mr. & Mrs. Robert A. McCuiston, Jr. Dr. Thomas Wray McKee Mr. & Mrs. Kevin Michael McMahon Mr. & Mrs. William 0. McMillan, ill Dr. Jennifer Lovejoy McNees Dr. Richard Neal McQuigg Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Dean McRitchie Dr. Giles Yancey Mebane Mr. Thomas E. Mensching Dr. Allen Francis Mensinger Ms. Elizabeth Ellen Merritt Dr. Christopher L. Meyer Dr. Karl P. Meyer Mr. and Mrs. Burton S. Middlebrooks Dr. David J. Middleton, Jr. Mrs. Elizabeth B. Midgett Mr. P. Dameron Midgett, Jr. Mr. Eric Michael Miller Dr. John P. Miller Mrs. Kay Taylor Miller Ms. Roberta Neal Miller Mrs. Katherine M. Mitchell Lt. Mark William Mittauer Mr. Robert H. Moeller, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Robert P. Moffett Mr. William Edward Monaghan, U Mrs. Kristen H. Monahan Ms. Mary E. Montgomery Lt. Lance Rowland Moritz Ms. Barbara H. Morris Dr. Robert W. Morris Mr. and Mrs. Edmund B. Morrison Dr. John Wills Moses, Jr. Ms. Sandra Ann Moutsios Mr. Matthew Scott Muller Mrs. Joyce Murlless Mrs. Ciel A. Murphy Dr. and Mrs. Steven M. Murray Lt. Frank Helm Myers Mr. and Mrs. Frank Raymond Myers Mr. Mark D. Myers Mr. and Mrs. Ronald B. Natalie Ms. Lisa Karyn Nelsen Dr. Walter G. Nelson, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Newman Mr. and Mrs. Sterling ]. Nicholson, Jr. Ms. Lynn B. Nickerson Rev. Robert L. Nicks Dr. John Gerald Nickum

Mr. H. Philip Nunn Mrs. Laura S. Nystrom Mr. and Mrs. Marie Anthony O'Dell Dr. Wenda!! Keith O'Steen Mr. and Mrs. ]arret C. Oeltjen Capt. & Mrs. Richard Ogus Mr. Billy B. Olive Mr. Eric Conrad Olson Mrs. Phoebe Olson Mrs. Diane G. Opperman Dr. Ram Oren Mr. Robert Leonard Orr Dr. Georgiandra L. Ostarello Mr. and Mrs. Robert Oster Mr. Jeffrey H. Overton Ms. Susannah G. Owen Mrs. Allan R. Packer Dr. and Mrs. David E. Padgett Mr. George Henry Page Mr. and Mrs. Talmadge D. Page Mrs. Mary Wilson Palmer Ms. Linda Marie Palumbo Ms. Julie Unmee Parle Mr. RobertS. Parlcer Mrs. Moreau 1. Parsons Dr. Lewis Dean Paschal Mr. William 1. Pascoe Ms. Eleanor Jane Patch Mr. and Mrs. Irwin G. Patch, Jr. Dr. Carl A. Patow Mr. William L. Pendergraph Mr. and Mrs. Nicolas Pentcheff Mr. and Mrs. Walter Scott Persons, Jr. Dr. Mary E. Petersen Mrs. Thelma D. Petrie Mr. Richard Brayton Pierce, Jr. Mr. Glen P. Pinkston Dr. Gregory S. Pokrywka Mr. James Stuart Poles Mr. Winston Allen Porter Dr. Douglas Martin Portz Dr. Mary L. Poss Mrs. Ann~belle C. Powell Mrs. Thomas E. Powell, Jr. Dr. Judith Dunlap Pratt Dr. Thomas A. Pressley Dr. and Mrs. Robert E. Price, Jr. Dr. Marilynn A. Prince-Fiocco Mr. Leon W. Quick Mr. David Wolcott Quillian Prof. Louis D. Quin Mr. and Mrs. F. Joseph Quinn, Jr. Dr. Susan Murchison Racine Ms. Suzanne Reasenberg Dr. and Mrs. Marshall Redding Mr. John Patrick Reddy Mr. and Mrs. Kermit Reel Ms. Susan Elaine Register Dr. Janet W. Reid Dr. and Mrs. David A. Renken Mr. William & Dr. Leslie Renten Mr. Randy Repass Mrs. Anne M. Rettig Mr. Rufus W. Reynolds Dr. Edwin Miller Richardson Mr. Terry Don Ricks Ms. Julie Margret Ring Mr. and Mrs. Paul Ringold Miss Virginia I. Ritchie Dr. David Carl Ritterband Mr. and Mrs. W.R. Roberson, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Dudley A. Roberts

Dr. Susan Jean Roberts Dr. and Mrs. J. David Robertson Dr. Annette L. Robertson-Geesin Mr. William Samuel Rocco, Jr. Mr. Scott McLaurin Rodgers Dr. and Mrs. Robert Roer Mr. and Mrs. Allan D. Rogers Ms. Elizabeth Lynch Rom Miss Elaine Irene Rose Mrs. Ralph A. Rose Dr. Gene G. Rosenberg Dr. Daniel Rubenstein Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Ruckdeschel Mr. William Richard Russell, ill Mr. and Mrs. Robert 0. Rutherford Mrs. Florence June Ryan Dr. Margaret Colette Ryan Mrs. John L. Sally, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Paul Santi Mr. John Mullaney Savage Dr. Harvey Epperson Savely, Jr. Mr. William Barton Savidge Dr. Clifford L. Sayre, Jr. Mr. William 1. Scanlon Dr. and Mrs. Robert L. Scheer Ms. Elizabeth Schiebel Mr. Jeffrey A. Schloss Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Schlotman, Jr. Ms. Marie Christine Schmitt Mr. Michael Scott Schneider Mr. Carl F. Schock Mr. Laurence Albert Schroeder Dr. Stuart Terry Schwartz Mr. Peter Loresch Schweitzer Ms. Mary Scofield Dr. Richard Searles Dr. William Seiple Dr. and Mrs. Thomas D. Sellers, Jr. Ms. Karen Frances Semper Dr. Lynda Shapiro Mr. and Mrs. W. Mason Shehan Drs. Lucia S. & Benjamin Shen Ms. Lori Anne Shepard Mr. Linward Paul Shivers Mr. R. Tom Shontz, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Herbert 0. Sieker Dr. David R. Silver Mr. and Mrs. Austin J. Simpson Mr. R. Gordon Sims Mr. Craig David Singer Mr. Craig William Siphers Mr. David Shaffner Slye Dr. James R. Smail Mr. and Mrs. F. M. Smith Mr. and Mrs. H. Scott Smith Mrs. JaneL. Smith Ms. Justine Diane Smith Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth N. Smith Mr. Mark Raymond Smith Mr. and Mrs. Richard S. Smith Dr. Sharon Louise Smith Ens. Spence Harding Smith Mrs. Vernon Fountain Smith Mrs. Virginia H. Smith Mr. Lewis L. Smith, Jr. Mr. John B. Snedden Mrs. Margaret L.H. Snyder Dr. Michael Landron Soo Drs. Craig and Suzannah Spencer Mr. Hyman Stadiem Mr. and Mrs. John W. Steer Mrs. Kathryn Freeman Stelzner

Mr. Woody V. Stenz Mr. and Mrs. Paul W. Stephanz Ms. Nan Sterman & Mr. Curt

Wittenberg Mr. Daniel H. Stem Mr. Wayne Thomas Stewart Mr. Lawrence W. Stiles Mr. and Mrs. 1. R. Still Mrs. Richard D. Stipe Mrs. Thomas A. Stoner Mrs. Elizabeth Skaale Stout Miss Marion E. Stratton Mrs. Martha G. Styers Ms. Eileen Patricia Sulzbach Miss Marjorie Ellen Sun Dr. Andrew Sweatt Drs. Anne Walter & Mike Swift Ms. Elizabeth Swinger Rev. W. Douglas Tanner, Jr. Mr. William Graham Tasman Mr. and Mrs. Noel A. Taylor Mr. Kenneth Bren Tegtmeyer Ms. Carol F. Teplis Mr. John F. Terrell, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Michael Carmine Tigani Dr. Mary Christine Torrington Mr. F. William Tracy, Jr. Mr. James A. Trofatter Mr. Nicholas J. Tronolone, Jr. Dr. RobertS. Turner Mr. Clifton Miles Tyler Ms. Eunice N. Tyler Mr. & Mrs. Samuel B. Underwood, Jr. Mr. Stephen P. Upham, Jr. Mr. James W. Van Buren Mrs. Virginia Van Siclen Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Alexis Varela, Jr. Mr. George Edward Yates Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Vignola Ms. Wilma L. Wachowiak Ms. Jill Marie Wade Dr. John P. Waggoner, ill Mr. Peter Cam Wainwright Dr. Dana S. Walker Dr. Sidney H. Wanzer Mr. Frederick B. Warburton Dr. Eric Russell' Ward Mrs. Mary Shipp Watson Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Watson Mr. Peter W. Waxler Mr. Harmon M. Webb Capt. John N. Webster Dr. and Mrs. Peter D. Weigl Mr. Alexander John Werth Dr. and Mrs. Terry Lynn West Dr. and Mrs. Thaddeus B. Wester Mrs. Allison Winter Wheeler Ms. Jane Wallace Wheeler Mr. and Mrs. James B. Whitaker Ms. Nancy Joan White

. , Ms. Suzanne R. Wicks Mr. Richard Hackney Wiegmann Dr. John Samuel Wiener Mr. Denis A. Wiesenburg Mr. and Mrs. Timothy C. Wilcosky Ms. Bonnie Roberts Wilder Mrs. Jean H. Williams Dr. and Mrs. Robert Williams Mr. Robert Rhyne Williams Dr. Roberta G. Williams Dr. and Mrs. James Andrew Winter Mrs. Catherine Z. Wiseman

Dr. Reid Wiseman Dr. Douglas Charles Wolf Mr. Stephen Cassilly Woll Ms. Lloyd Katherine Wong Ms. Karen Elizabeth Wood Ms. Deirdre Woods Miss Nancy V. Wrenn Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. v.)'ble Ms. Jean T. Yehle Mr. Michael Robert Yochelson Dr. and Mrs. W. Glenn Young, Jr. Mr. Alberto Heman Zapata Mr. Jerrold H. Zar Dr. Paul W. Zarutskie Dr. Anne K. Zayaitz Dr. J. Samuel Zigler, Jr. Ms. Anne Ogden Zimmermann Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Craig Zinn Mr. Peter Kevin Zirkle Dr. Daniel M. Zirkman

ENDOWMENTS

Anne F. & Alexander McMahon Endowment Mr. Jeffrey W. Davis Dr. Susan Faith Eigner Dr. Frank J. Maturo, Jr. Mr. Alan L. Minard Dr. Jerry Michael Neff

Wade Family Fund Mrs. Wilmer K. Borden Mr. and Mrs. 1. David Ross Mr. and Mrs. Charles Byrd Wade, Jr.

Bookhout Scholarship Fund Dr. 1. Ann Fouch Angell Dr. Charles N. Austin Mrs. Martha M. Bateman Dr. John C. Bernhardt, Jr. Drs. C. G. and Elizabeth Bookhout Dr. Mary Blair Bowers Dr. and Mrs. Charles Chester Boyer LCmdr. Wendy L. Bradfield-Smith Mrs. Bob Branch Buchanan Dr. Richard 0. Carpenter Dr. Donald C. Chait LtJG Lisa A. Curto-Williams Dr. Luckett Vanderford Davis Dr. John Knauer Douglass Mr. William F. Franck, Jr. Dr. William T. Freeman Miss Carol Jane Frischmann Mr. and Mrs. Don Gagnon Mr. Mark E. Glosenger Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth G. Gould, Jr. Dr. David C. Grant Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd G. Gurley Dr. and Mrs. John W. Gutknecht Dr. Leonidas B. Hayes, Jr. Dr. Margaret W. Hilgartner Dr. Robert H. Holzworth Mr. Meade Robert Jorgensen

Drs. Robert L. & Sally Kendall Dr. and Mrs. William W. Kirby-Smith Dr. Robert Alan Kuschner Dr. James L. Larimer Dr. and Mrs. Charles T. Lynch, Jr. Dr. Daniel A. Mairs Dr. Lawrence R. McCloskey Dr. Richard C. Newsham Mr. George W. Newton Dr. Wendall Keith O'Steen Dr. Thomas L. Quay Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Ramus Mr. Daniel E. Read, Jr. Mr. James B. Richmond Dr. Michael Salmon Dr. and Mrs. Eugene H. Schmitz Ms. Justine Diane Smith Ms. Charlotte Meyer Sorensen Dr. Unnsteinn Stefansson Mrs. Kathryn Freeman Stelzner Mr. W. H. Sutcliffe, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Braxton Tesh Mr. Harry Lewis Thompson Dr. Robert K. Tucker Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Ustach

Friends of the Marine Laboratory Dr. Michael P. Agronow Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Ando Mr. and Mrs. James H.P. Bailey Jr. Mr. Timothy W. Boynton LCmdr. Wendy L. Bradfield-Smith Mr. John R. Brinkhous Mr. Randall Cecil Brown Dr. Willis E. Brown, III Dr. Lawrence B. Cahoon Mr. and Mrs. Mark Steven Calvert Ms. Gail W. Cannon Dr. Richard 0. Carpenter Dr. Joseph Paul David Dr. Luckett Vanderford Davis Drs.Deborah & Reginald B. Henry, III Dr. Margaret W. Hilgartner Ms. Carol A. Hutzelman Dr. Bruce Alan Johnson Mr. Meade Robert Jorgensen Mr. David Michael Liscow Mrs. Marie T. Lott Mr. and Mrs. William J. Lowry Dr. Margaret Ann Myers Mr. Eric B. Nelson Drs. Mary W. & William C.

Pinschmidt, Jr. Dr. Mary L. Poss Mr. and Mrs. Sol Schechter Mr. and Mrs. William J. Secrest Dr. Michael Landron Soo Dr. Melissa Hudson Stevens Dr. Robert K. Tucker Mrs. Jean W. Whitney

Rachel Carson Fellowship Fund Mr. and Mrs. Donald D. Cameron Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Evans Mr. Kenneth H. Knight Dr. Bruce Walfred Von Zellen Dr. Robert G. Wolk

Kenneth H. Close Endowment Fund Mr. Kenneth Harold Close

Deborah S. Steer Scholarship Dr. George A. Bishopric Mr. Calvin U. Cotton Ms. Susan B. Larrick Mrs. Julia P. MacMillan Mr. Lewis H. Owen Ms. Carlyn A. Sempier Dr. William A. Shabb Ms. Martha A. Wolfe

Harvey W. Smith Endowment Fund Ms. Denise Soppas

John D. Costlow Endowment Fund Dr. Lawrence R. McCloskey Mr. Daniel E. Read, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. J. David Robertson Dr. Robert K. Tucker Dr. and Mrs. Stephen A. Wainwright

Laura J. Grierson Memorial Fund Ms. Dawn Marie Braisted Mr. and Mrs. Richard Zimmerman

Lawrence W. I' Anson Scholarship Endowment Capt. Lawrence W. I' Anson, Jr.

Richard C. & linda G. Seale Scholarship Fund Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Seale

Jere Ayres James H. P. Bailey Jr. '68 C. Leland Bassett '59 Charles F.Bianchard '47 L'49 Charles Bugg '47, H'54 Thomas Cargill, ill L. Hartsell Cash '45 Arthur W. Clark F. Nelson Blount Crisp '60 Sylvia Earle · ·

John R. Eisenman '63 Ted E. Haigler C. Howard Hardesty Jr. '43

Stephen A. Toth Endowment Fund Estate of Stephen A. Toth

Robert W. Safrit, Jr. Fellowship Fund Mr. John D. Adams Mr. Joseph C. Beam Mr. and Mrs. Alton Fields Dr. Eric R. Holm Mr. and Mrs. Pelham T. Jones Mr. and Mrs. Charles Byrd Wade, Jr.

A. Smith Holcomb Endowment Fund Mr. Alfred Smith Holcomb

Marine Lab Small Vessel Maintenance Fund Mr. Jack T. Cosby Mr. Eric B. Nelson

Thurman L. & Carol S. Young Endowment Fund Mr. and Mrs. Stephen C. Harward

Kathryn M. & Walter L. Dean Endowment Fund Mr. Walter Longstreet Deane

Deferred Gifts Dr. James A. Marsh Miss Shelba Glenn Pew

Advisory Board

Robert G. Hardy '66 Watts Hill Jr. A. Smith Holcomb '58 Susan Hudson Sandra Taylor Kaupe Henry 0. Lineberger Jr. '50 Diane McCallister '78 Richard C. Seale '65 Fred J. Stanback '50 Peter Stroh Norwood A. Thomas Jr. '55

Elizabeth A. Thrower '60 Charles B. Wade Jr. '38

Corporate Gifts

Alcoa Foundation American Telephone & Telegraph AMP Incorporated Arthur Vining Davis Foundation Boston Company, Inc. Burroughs-Wellcome Company Carolina Power and Light Company Central Carolina Bank & Trust Co. Chevron Incorporated Chubb and Son Incorporated Companion Capital Mgt, Inc. Consolidated Natural Gas Company Delta Air Lines Incorporated DU Foundation Duke Power Company E G & G Incorporated Ethyl Corporation Exxon Education Foundation Ge~rgia Pacific Corporation Green Bay Foundation Hewlett-Packard Company Hughes Aircraft Company IBM Corporation Jordan Lumber & Supply, Inc. K-Mart Corporation Lotus Development Corporation L. A. Downey & Son, Inc. Martin Marietta Corporation McNair Foundation, Inc. Merck and Company Metropolitan Life Foundation NCR Foundation New York Life Foundation Pfizer Inc. Philip Morris, Inc. Polaroid Foundation Incorporated RJR Nabisco, Inc. Robert W. Carr Incorporated Ross Johnston and Kersting Inc. Security Bank & Trust Company Shell Companies Foundation Temple-Inland Foundation Texaco Incorporated Time Warner, Incorporated Twin Towers Marine, Inc. US Fidelity and Guaranty Company Virginia Electric & Power Company Westinghouse Educational Fdn.

Ex Officio Members Margaret R. Bates '63 Norman L. Christensen Jesse M. Colvin '74

DUML NEWS STAFF Joseph S. Ramus, Director Photographs: Scott Taylor Artwork: Meg Forward Printed by: Coastal Press

STEVE UNDBERG ('68 Summer, working with Orrin Pilkey and Unnsteinn Stefansson as an undergraduate) is a Senior Research Member in the Environmental Sciences Division at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNU. He is currently Leader of the Atmospheric and Geochemical Processes Group of the Geosciences Section.

He joined ORNL in 197 4 and received his Ph.D. at Florida State University in 1979 in geochemistry. He has published over 120 papers, more than 50 in the open literature including Science and Nature and over 40 as book chapters. He is an internationally recognized expert in the areas of the environmental chemistry of trace metals, biogeochemical cycling in forests, and atmosphere/surface exchange processes.

He has received the Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship Award from the Federal Republic of Germany and several Oak Ridge National Laboratory Awards for Technical Achievement and Publication Excellence. He has edited several books and conference proceedings on atmospheric sulfur, sources and canopy interactions of atmospheric acidity, trace metals in the environment aquatic processors and lake acidification, and atmospheric deposition and nutrient cycling in forests.

He is the past Chairman of the U.S. National Atmospheric Deposition Program, has served on numerous scientific panels and review boards for several countries and Federal agencies, and has been an invited lecturer and plenary speaker at over 20 institutes and conferences outside of the U.S.

He has chaired and co-chaired several large international symposia and workshops, including a Gordon confer­ence. He is Associate Editor of Environmental Reviews published by the National Research Council of Canada, and is a member of the editorial board for the book series Advances in Environmental Sciences.

SUSAN Kl~ ('71, Ph.D., Zoology) has left the University of Michigan, to join the Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Drexel University in Philadelphia . Her new laboratory is filling up with students. She has an Austrian student visiting on a Fulbright fellowship for a year who is doing some research on the

Where Are You? by C. G. Bookhout

enthos of the Delaware River. She and an­other doctoral student, an organic chemist, are beginning a study on lipid-soluble toxics in food webs. This past summer she had a visitor from Portland, Oregon doing algal physiology studies. She also has two masters students starting new research projects.

Sue is a member of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee of the Delaware Estuary Program.

JAMES D. HAGY, Ill ('89 Fall), writes that his experiences at DUML contributed much to his interest in and continued study of marine science. In the summer of 1990, he completed a 3 - month internship studying estuarine ecology at the Univers~ ty of Maryland's Horn Point Environmental Laboratories. He spent the summer of 1991 working on Salt Marshes at the University of Georgia's Marine Institute on Sapelo Island, GA. In December 1991, he started work at University of Maryland's Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. He hopes to start graduate work soon, with the ultimate goal of getting a Ph.D. in estuarine ecology.

JOHN DOUGLASS ('86, Ph.D., Zoo~ ogy) is currently a Research Associate in the Departments of Biology and Physics at the University of Missouri, St. Louis where he is investigating the role of random noise in neuronal information processing. He has also done some teaching during the fall semesters in Invertebrate Biolog~ and Anatomy and Physiology.

His initial project at St. Louis was from a strictly biological viewpoint, but this has led to an interdisciplinary effort involving a physicist and another biologist. In certain types of physical systems, it has recently been demonstrated that random noise is not only useful, but essential for the transfer of information. They are using the crayfish mechanoreceptive system to investigate whether nervous systems may be able to exploit noise in a similar manner. If so, this would be an exciting discovery.

MICHAEL KINGSTON, ('90, Ph.D., Botany) Since completing his doctoral research with Dr. Joseph Ramus (thesis en­titled 'Vertical Migration of Benthic Michroalgae"), he has been teaching in the Biology Department at Elon College as Instructor. In April1992, he was offered a permanent full-time position as an Assistant Professor of Biology. During June 1992, he taught a summer session course,

"Introduction to Oceanography". The class visited the Marine Laboratory for two days and made good use of the R,IV Susan Hudson.

DAVID KITCHEN ('79, Spring) wrote Drs. Joseph and Celia Bonaventura last August with news of his new activities in a senior position with a public relations company, Copithorne & Bellows. It is a firm that specializes in technology companies.

He wrote that he still fondly recalls his days at DUML. His t-shirt from Spring, 1979, may be tattered, but he still wears it proudly. He inquired about new happenings with Biosponge, the process of immobilizing materials in sponges that was invented by the Bonaventuras in 1976. He said he would like to be the person to "tell the Biosponge story". He said he would enjoy somehow repaying Joe and Celia for the experiences he had at DUML many years ago.

MICHELE SHIVERS SANTI ('85, B.S. Zoology; '84, Fall; Academic Advisor at DUML '85 - '88), left San Francisco in August and took up private practice in marriage and couples counseling in Denver, Colorado. Her husband, Paul Santi, continues to work for an engineering consulting firm, as a geologist. He is also taking one class a semester at the Colorado School of Mines.

ANNE HEWES , former technician for Dr. Thomas Johnson writes that she and her husband bought a log home on four acres of land at South Convey, N.H. last November. In the meantime, she has been working on an acid rain research project with Dartmouth's Environment studies program.

BILL HENLEY ('88, Ph.D., Botany) is currently a Postdoc at University of Texas, Institute of Marine Sciences at Port Aransas, Texas, but beginning in January 1993 he will take a position as Assistant Professor of Botany at Oklahoma State University at Stillwater, OK.

JONATHAN EVANS ('89, Ph.D., Botany), and his wife, AMY HURST EVANS ('83, B.S.; '82 Summer), and their 9 month old son, Nicholas, recently moved to Houston, Texas. Jon was appointed to the faculty at Rice University in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Amy just completed her medical residency in pediatrics at the University of Virginia ,and is very glad to now have some time off to be with her son.

91-92 DUML Annual Giving Fund Reaches a New High, again !

Thanks to our alumni and friends throughout the U.S. and from foreign coun­tries, the ninth Duke University Marine Lab­oratory Annual Fund Drive for 1991-92 fiscal year was a success. The amount raised this past year was $17 4,172 which was 21% above the $144,071 raised in the 1990-91 fiscalyear.

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Annual Giving Fund

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There has been an increase in the amount contributed in each of the nine years there has been an Annual Drive ex­cept for 1990-91. The reason why there was a slight reduction in the contributions in 1990-91 compared to contributions in other years was that in addition to the An­nual Fund Drive, there was a request for substantial contributions from friends of DUML for the new R/V Susan Hudson. Hence, some former contributors divided their donations between the new vessel and the Annual Giving fund.

We thank the 830 contributors who are responsible for the $174,172 raised in 1991-92. The honor roll of contributors is given in this issue of DUML News. For the coming year, we have set a goal of $200,000.

In 1993, interviews for two additional Marine Laboratory faculty are planned. One will be in Chemical Oceanography and the other will be a Professor of Marine Affairs and Policy. These appointments will be made in the new School of the Environment and are available in the summer of 1993.

Start-up funds will be needed for these new faculty, and instrumentation funding will be needed for new courses. The Annual Giv­ing Fund will be used to help meet these de­mands. They will also be used, as in past years, to support the operational and pro­grammatic needs of the Marine Laboratory.

The contributions for scholarships, fe~ lowships, and other endowments for the 1991-1992 fiscal year totaled $302,697 compared to $575,806 the pervious year. Additionally, $10,000 was placed in trust by Shelba Pew.

We are pleased to announce the initial gift of $250,000 to the Stephen Toth Fund. Eventually the principal is expected to ex­ceed one million dollars and will produce an

income stream which will be sufficient for Duke to establish a fully-funded professor­ship in marine biology.

We hope the 1992-93 Annual Fund Drive will reach our goal of $200,000, and contributions for endowments will surpass the amount received this past year. We need your help to meet the demands of our growing institution. We thank our Advisory Board and all our friends and alumni for your continued interest in Duke University Marine Laboratory. You are responsible for our success.

C.G .. Bookhout Professor Emeritus in Zoology Chairman, Marine Lab Annual Fund

Endowment Contributions 1991-1992

AMOUNT NUMBER ENDOWMENT RECEIVED DONORS

Bookhout Scholarship 9,655.00 52 Rachel Carson 225.00 05 Kenneth H. Close 500.00 01 John D. Costlow 2,210.00 05 Kathryn M. & Walter L. Deane 4,500.00 01 Friends of the Marine Lab I 7,387.50 02 I

Laura J. Grierson 150.00 02 A. Smith Holcomb 5,000.00 01 Lawrence W. I'Anson, Jr. 6,000.00 01 Anne F.& Alexander McMahon 1,330.00 05 Research Vessel Maintenance 40.00 02 Robert W. Safrit, Jr. 650.00 10 Richard C. & Linda G. Seale 2,000 .. 00 01 Harvey W. Smith 200.00 01 Deborah S. Steer 575.00 08 Stephen A. Toth 250,000.00 01 The Wade Family 10,274.96 03 Thurman L. & Carol S. Young 2,000.00 01

subtotal 302,697.46 132 : ,,

Trusts and annuities Shelba Glenn Pew 10,000.00 01

FROM THE BOATHOUSE

The September call for candidates for the position of Professor of Marine Affairs & Policy marks the initiation of the Marine Lab's second major track in program and faculty development, the first being basic ocean processes. The first track is nearly completed, save for the chemical oceanog­rapher for which a search is currently un­derway. The two new tracks are not designed to eclipse the Marine Lab's trad~ tional strength in marine biology, rather are designed to complement that strength in order to meet the demands of the aca­demic marketplace in the 1990's and be­yond.

The faculty of the Marine Lab has ac­tively participated in issues of the coastal environment, e.g., Dick Barber in stormwa­ter runoff, John Costlow in fisheries, Bill Kir­by-Smith in farm runoff, Orrin Pilkey in shoreline instability and Joe Ramus in wastewater disposal. These are public-spir­ited scientists who contribute their exper­tise to the solution of environmental problems generated by human distur­bance. However, activism does not neces­sarily create scholars with appropriate credentials to produce an accredited cur­riculum. The science base at the Marine Laboratory is more than adequate. Missing is the economic, social and political theory necessary to fully comprehend environ­mental issues and their resolution.

DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF THE ENVIRONMENT MARINE LABORATORY BEAUFORT NC 28516-9721

ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED

by J. Ramus, Director

The advent of the School of the Env~ ronment (SOE), presented a unique oppor­tunity which the faculty chose to formalize in an academic program, the master's de­gree in Coastal Environmental Manage­ment (CEM). The Durham campus of the SOE has been training Masters' in Environ­mental Management for years, and noted a popular interest among applicants for coastal issues. The Lynde & Harry Bradley Foundation of Milwaukee has funded a sum­mertime Program in Marine Policy for the past six years. The Program includes a course and a practicum taught by Profs. Michael Orbach of East Carolina University and Lynn Maguire of Duke. This incubator program, which was initiated by John Cost­low, had the salutary effect of pointing the way to the new track.

Students matriculating to the CEM track will be chosen for their preparation in the natural sciences. Their first year will be spent with Durham campus colleagues learning resource economics, policy, man­agement and quantitative analysis. Their second year will be spent on the Beaufort campus learning basic ocean processes, ecology and marine pollution, as well as en­gaging in practicums in marine environ­mental management. The program is designed to produce professionals With a strong science base to address the in­creasing problems created by human dis-

turbance in the coastal zone. The new pro­fessor will direct the CEM program, and will knit the Durham and Beaufort faculties into a coherent whole for the purposes of the program.

To quote Dean Norman L. Christensen: "Environmental issues are often emotion­ally charged and value laden. Objective and quantitative approaches are essential to the development of credible solutions to en­vironmental problems and the resolution of conflicts". This new professional pro­gram will be in place by the Fall of 1993.

Nonprofit organization

US POSTAGE PAID

Beaufort NC Permit No. 25