1 Dual-purpose crop developments, fodder trading and feed processing options for improving feeding in small holder dairy systems M. Blümmel 1 , S. A. Tarawali 2 , N. Teufel and I. A. Wright 3 1 International Livestock Research Institute, c/o ICRISAT, Patancheru 502324, AP, India 2 International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3 International Livestock Research Institute, National Agricultural Science Centre, New Delhi 110012, India ited lead paper presented at the International Dairy Conference 201 Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh, Bangladesh 3-4 April, 2010
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Dual-purpose crop developments, fodder trading and feed processing options for improving feeding in small holder dairy systems
Invited lead paper presented by M. Blümmel, S.A. Tarawali, N. Teufel and I.A. Wright at the International Dairy Conference 2010 held at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, April 3-4, 2010
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Dual-purpose crop developments, fodder trading and feed processing options for improving feeding in small holder dairy
systemsM. Blümmel1, S. A. Tarawali2 , N. Teufel and I. A. Wright3
1International Livestock Research Institute, c/o ICRISAT, Patancheru 502324, AP, India2International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
3International Livestock Research Institute, National Agricultural Science Centre, New Delhi 110012, India
Invited lead paper presented at the International Dairy Conference 2010 Bangladesh Agricultural University
Mymensingh, Bangladesh 3-4 April, 2010
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Topics
Importance of crop residues as feed resource
• feed data base, crop residue trading, grain to crop residue value
Higher crop reside value through crop improvement
• available genetic variability, grain: residue relations, targeted further enhancement
Densification/fortification of by-product rations
• total mixed rations, feed blocks, pellets, mash, supplementation
3
Key feed sources in India: 2003 and 2020
Feed Resource %
Crop Residues
Planted fodder crops
2003 2020
44.2 69.0
34.1 ?
Greens (F/F/CPR/WL) 17.8 ?
Concentrates 3.9 7.3
(summarized from NIANP, 2005 and Ramachandra et al., 2007)
4
Sorghum stover trading in Hyderabad
5
Type and cost of sorghum stover
traded 2004-2005 Stover type Price IR / kg DM
Andhra 3.52b
Andhra Hybrid 3.15cd
Ballary Hybrid 3.54b
Raichur 3.89a
Rayalaseema 3.23c
Telangana (Local Y) 3.06d
Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006
66
Relation between price of sorghum stover and in vitro digestibility
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 552.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2y = -4.9 + 0.17x; R2 = 0.75; P = 0.03
Stover in vitro digestibility (%)
Sto
ver
pri
ce (
IR/k
g D
M)
Premium Stover
Low Cost Stover
Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006
7
Changes in grain: stover value in sorghum from 2004 to 2009
Blümmel et al 2010
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Ju Jul Aug Sep Oc Nov0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Sorghum grain
Sorghum stover
3.4
6.5
Month of trading
Ind
ian
Ru
pee
per
kg
Yearly mean
2004 to 2005
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Ju Jul Aug Sep Oc Nov0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Sorghum stoverSorghum grain
6.2
10.2
Yearly mean
2008 to 2009
Month of trading
Comparisions of average cost of dry sorghum stover traded in Hyderabad and average of cost ofsorghum grain in Andhra Pradesh 2005 to 2005 and 2008 to 2009
88
Stover digestibility and grain yield in sorghum cultivars release-tested between
2002 and 2007
35 38 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 620
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Kharif: y = 321 + 70x; r = 0.2; P = 0.04Rabi: y = 8176 - 115x; r = -0.55; P < 0.0001
Stover in vitro organic digestibility (%)
Gra
in y
ield
(kg
/ha)
Blümmel et al. (2009)
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Stover digestibility and grain yield in sorghum cultivars release-tested between 2002